DISCOURSE ANALYSIS AND

PHONOLOGY

MUHAIMINAH AKIB15B01090CLASS B

DISCOURSE ANALYSIS AND PHONOLOGY

IntroductionPronunciationRhythmStress and ProminenceIntonation

TonesPitch

INTRODUCTION•Phonology is a branch of linguistics, closely related to phonetics. It studies the manners of organization and usage of the speech sounds in natural languages. • Phonetics deals with the smallest chunks of language, yet it is in connection with other linguistic disciplines

INTRODUCTION

•Morphology•Syntax•Semantic

INTRODUCTION

Phonology is more interested in the abstract, that is mental aspects of these sounds. It inquiries into and describes the patterns of

sounds and sound types which native speakers acquire intuitively.

PRONOUNCIATION• According to Pennington & Richards—Pronunciation is important to determine correct meaning of words.• Pronunciation can cause problem or difficulty in understanding each other.

• Rhythm—Segmental or phoneme-based -- Prosodic—stress & intonation

• Rhythmicality of different degrees in speeches of :

• broadcast• fluent reading• speeches• monologues• ordinary conversation

RHYTHM

STRESS AND PROMINENCE• Stress-timed L :-

-stress timing -syllable-timing

e.g : the word “extraordinary”, “mother”, etc.

• Prominence : -• Syllables which stand out in the flow of talk• Because speaker has uttered them with

greater intensity or duration or pitch duration.

• Sentence stress is also called ‘tonic’.

• Interactive choice is important.• When we consider prominence in

discourse, we are considering the extent to which speakers & listeners’ worlds converge.• e.g: ( I can take you right to the

door if you wish).

STRESS AND PROMINENCE

• Intonation is essential to interprete meaning e.g: sarcasm, surprise, querry, teasing etc.• Can’t really be taught but the more you

are exposed to it, the more conversant you are about the right intonation for specific intention.• According to linguists, intonation is

related to information structure of utterances. • Halliday believes that speakers decide

how to segment information.

INTONATIONAL UNIT

TONE1. intonation has grammatical function.2. Attitudinal Approaches• —some intonations express surprise, detachment, etc.

• Stress and intonation deal with attitudes, moods and emotions.• Attitude and emotions are complex combination of vocal cues,

intonation, lexis, context and non verbal behavior.

KEY•The relative level of pitch can move and are interchangeable.•The jump from high to low key is important cues in management. • (high key initiation)• (low key ending)

• Matching or concord in pitch between speakers is a phenomenon.• Phonology is complex. Not straightforward pedagogy.• Several parts of the system can be scrutinized.• But the entire discourse is significance.• Levels of choice of speakers.• Importance of speakers’ choice.• Changing role of participants in conversations

Pitch Across Speakers

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