DISCOURSE DEIXIS ANALYSIS FOUND IN A “ROBIN
HOOD” SHORT STORY BY SALLY M. STOCKTON
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of Requirements
For Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
In English Department
By:
MIFTAKHATUS SA’DIYAH
A320150029
DEPARMENT OF ENGLISH EDUCATION
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SURAKARTA
JULI 2019
i
APPROVAL
DEIXIS ANALYSIS FOUND IN A “ROBIN HOOD” SHORT STORY
BY SALLY M. STOCKTON
PUBLICATION ARTICLE
Proposed by:
Miftakhatus Sa’diyah
A320150029
Approved to be examined by the Consultant
Consultant,
Dr. Malikatul Laila, M.Hum.
NIK. 409
ii
ACCEPTANCE
DISCOURSE DEIXIS ANALYSIS FOUND IN A “ROBIN HOOD” SHORT
STORY BY SALLY M. STOCKTON
PUBLICATION ARTICLE
Written by:
Miftakhatus Sa’diyah
A320150029
Accepted and approved the board of examiners
School of Teacher Training and Education
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
On August 5th, 2019
Team of Examiners:
1. Dr. Malikatul Laila, M.Hum. (................................)
(Chair Person)
2. Agus Wijayanto, Ph.D.
(Secretary) (................................)
3. Dra. Siti Zuhriah Ariatmi, M.hum
(Member) (................................)
Dean,
Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, M. Hum
NIP. 19650428 199303 1 001
iii
PRONOUNCEMENT
Herewith, I truthfully testify that there is no plagiarism of literary work in this
publication article. This publication article that has been submitted to obtain the
bachelor degree and as far as I concerned there is no opinion that has been written
or published before, except the written reference which are mention in the reference.
Letter, if it is proved that there is any plagiarism, I will be fully responsible.
Surakarta, July 28th 2019
The researcher,
Miftakhatus Sa’diyah
A320150029
1
DISCOURSE DEIXIS ANALYSIS FOUND IN A “ROBIN HOOD” SHORT STORY BY SALLY M. STOCKTON
Abstrak
Penelitian ini adalah penelitian mengenai deikis wacana. Tujuan utama dari
penelitian ini adalah; (1) mengidentifikasi jenis-jenis deikis wacana dalam cerita,
(2) mendeskripsikan kronologi cerita berdasarkan penemuan deikis wacanadalam
cerita. Sumber data penelitian ini diambil dari cerita pendek “Robin Hood” oleh
Sally M. Stockton. Teknik yang digunakan dalam mengumpulkan data adalah
observasi dan dokumentasi. Teori yang digunakan sebagai landasan adalah teori
deiksis wacana adalah teori deiksis wacana oleh Levinson (1983). Hasil dari
penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) terdapat beberapa bentuk jenis deikis wacana
dalam cerita, diantaranya; prepositional phrase (39%) yaitu merupakan jenis deikis
wacana yang paling dominan dalam cerita, jenis deikis wacana yang mendominasi
kedua adalah noun phrase (29%), kemudian adverbial clause of time (24%). Jenis
deikis wacana yang memiliki presentasi paling sedikit yaitu jenis deikis wacana
adverbial clause of place dan adverb of time. Keduanya memiliki presentasi yang
sama yaitu (4,5%) (2) Terdapat 43 kejadian yang saling berhubungan antara waktu
dan tempat dari cerita satu dengan cerita lainnya. Penulis menggaris bawahi bahwa
penanda deikis wacana tidaklah hanya kata-kata this, that, these, those, here, there,
dan then, namun deikis wacana mempunyai cakupan yang lebih luas lagi bahkan
dapat membingkai kronologi cerita dari satu kejadian dengan kejadian lainnya
secara berurutan baik tempat maupun waktu.
Kata kunci: Deikis, Deikis Wacana, Jenis Deikis Wacana, Kronologi Cerita
Abstract
This study is about discourse deixis. The main purposes of this study are; (1) to
identify the kinds of discourse deixis found in the story, and (2) to describe
chronological story based on discourse deixis found in the story. The data are taken
from the short story “Robin Hood” by Sally M. Stockton. The techniques of
collecting data are observation and documentation. The underlying theory used in
this study is a theory of discourse deixis by Levinson (1983). The result shows that;
(1) the kinds of discourse deixis found in the story are such a follow; prepositional
phrase (39%) is the most dominant kind of discourse deixis found in the story, Noun
phrase is around 29% and adverbial clause of time is around 24% The rarest kinds
of of discourse deixis found in the story are adverbial clause of place and adverb of
time. Both of them have the same percentage (4,5%). (2) There are 43 events found
in the story and there are relation between one events to another relates by showing
time and place. The resercher underlined that discourse deixis is not only showing
the words this, that, these, those, here, there, and then, but discourse deixis has the
wider scope to arrange the story chronologicaly from one previous event and the
next event based on time or place the story happened.
2
Key words: Deixis, Discourse Deixis, Kinds of Discourse Deixis, Chronologica
Story.
1. INTRODUCTION
Tarigan (1987: 27) claimed discourse is known as complete unit of languages,
higher than clauses and sentence, has good cohesion and coherence and can be
delivered spoken or written. Another linguist, Foucault on Eriyanto (2001:65)
stated that discourse is not only a unit of language or text proposition. Discourse is
a something that produces the other such as thought, concept, or effect. According
to Renkema’s perspective of discourse (1993:1), discourse is a discipline to
investigate the relationship between form and function of text in verbal
communication
According to Huang (2007:132), the notion of deixis is derived from the
Greek word meaning to show or to Point out. Deixis obviously concerned with the
relationship between the structure of language and the context in which the
language is used. Hurford (1984:66) states deixis is one way which takes some
element of its meaning from the context or situation (i.e. the speaker, the addressee,
the time and the place). Context is a subpart of discourse which shared by speaker
and hearer, and consists of the facts of the topic of the utterances, and also about
the situation in which the utterances take place. It can be defined as the phenomenon
whereby features of context of utterance or speech event are encoded by
grammatical means in a language.
According to Levinson’s (2004: 86) opinion, text or discourse deixis was
concerned with the use of deictic expressions. It refers to some portion or serving
of discourse that contain the utterance, or the utterance itself. Instance of such word,
phrase and deictic expression. They purely indicate that the utterance that contains
them is a response to or a continuation of a portion of discourse. Another
perspective of discourse deixis is stated by Yoshida (2011: 41), he stated that DD
refers to the preceding or subsequent segments of the discourse which is usually
consists of one or more clauses rather than referring to the specific entities in
previous utterance.
3
The study of discourse deixis had been done by many researcher in the
previous research such as Ayuningkrumi (2014), Pangaribuan, et al (2015), Kalili
(2017), and a thesis by Fauziah (2015). Most of them are using the main topic of
deixis analysis in the general such as person deixis, place deixis, time deixis, social
deixis and discourse deixis. On this research, the researcher present more specific
analysis of discourse deixis analysis. The purpose is to explain clearly about
discourse deixis either in the form of word, phrase, clause or sentence.
In order to understand clearly about discourse deixis, the researcher was
interested in Robin Hood short story by Sally M. Stockton. Robin Hood is a
legendary heroic outlaw originally depicted in English folklore. According to
legend, he was a highly skilled archer and swordsman. A common theme of the
story is that Robin is a champion of the common people fighting against injustice,
whilst remaining loyal to the rightful ruler. The researcher uses Robin Hood short
story because, the story was arranged for elementary or lower age lesson. So, the
language uses in this story as simple as the researcher needs. The language is more
attractive with the simple conversation between the characters. In learning deixis,
this version of short story can help the reader to understand the intention of common
deictic marks contains in the story.
Based on the backgrounds and the definition above, this research paper is
going to analyze DISCOURSE DEIXIS ANALYSIS IN A “ROBIN HOOD”
SHORT STORY BY SALLY M. STOCKTON.
2. METHOD
The type of this research is descriptive qualitative. According to Crocker (2009:5)
qualitative research entails collecting primarily textual data and examining it by
using interpretive analysis. Quantitative research allows the researcher to
familiarize the researcher with the problem or concept to be studied, and perhaps
generate hypotheses to be tested.
Glense & Peshkin (1992: 6) generally states quantitative research supported by the
scientific paradigm, leads us to regard the world as made up of observable,
measurable facts. The underlying theory used in this study is a theory of discourse
4
deixis by Levinson (1983). The researcher categorizes the kinds of discourse deixis
consist on this short story. Then, describe the chronological story based on the use
of discourse deixis found in “Robin Hood” Short Story by Sally M. Stockton.
3. FINDING AND DISCUSSION
3.1. Finding
After the researcher identified the data source, the researcher found that there are
42 data of discourse deixis which are connecting one event to other events.
3.1.1 At that time, England had many problems.
Fom of discourse deixis: Prepositional Phrase
This discourse deixis (at that time) is showing time when the first event
happened. The time was in the 12th century when King Richard left his
Kingdom. There were many problems in England after King Richard left to
the Holy Land for a crusade.
3.1.2 One day, the cruel Sheriff of Nottingham killed Robin's father, and took
away his lands.
Form of discourse deixis: Noun Phrase
This discourse deixis (one day) relates by showing time after the first event
happened. The time was in the day after King Richard’s brother (King John)
become a king in Nottingham, England. At the same day, his Sheriff killed
Robin’s father.
3.1.3 Then he said to them, "My friends, Sherwood Forest is our new home.
Form of discourse deixis: Adverbial Clause of Time
This discourse deixis (then he said to them) relates by showing time after
second event happened. The time was at the day when he was speaking to
his servant, he announced his servant that they had their own home in
Sherwood Forest.
3.1.4 One day Robin came to a stream with a small bridge.
Form of discourse deixis: Noun Phrase
5
This discourse deixis (one day) relates by showing time after third event
happened. The time was the day when Robin came to cross the stream with
a small bridge in Sherwood Forest. It was the only bridge in the stream.
3.1.5 When he began to cross it, he heard a loud voice say, "I want to cross the
stream first," Robin turned around and saw an enormous, young man.
Form of discourse deixis: Adverbial Clause of Time
This discourse deixis relates by showing time after fourth event happened.
That discourse deixis was pointed the time when Robin began to cross the
stream. At that time, he stopped his steps to cross it because he heard a loud
voice summon behind him.
3.1.6 At night, everyone sat around the fire and listened to his stories.
Form of discourse deixis: Prepositional Phrase
This discourse deixis relates by showing time after fifth event happened.
The time (at night) was pointed in the night day when the outlaws sat around
the fire to listen to Little John story of his adventure in the Holy Land
together with King Richard.
3.1.7 One day Robin decided to meet him.
Form of discourse deixis: Noun Phrase
The discourse deixis (one day) relates by showing time after the sixth event
that was happened in a few days. The time was a day when Robin decided
to meet a fat friar who was fishing in the river.
3.1.8 At the other side of the river Robin said, "Now you must carry me back.
Form of discourse deixis: Prepoaitional Phrase
This discourse deixis relates by showing place or location where event 7
happened. The place or location based on the conversation took place in the
other side of the river. In this event, Robin wanted the friar to carry him back
across the river.
3.1.9 Robin was angry at first.
Form of discourse deixis: Prepositional Phrase
This discourse deixis (at first) pointed as adverb of time which relates by
showing time when the event 8 already happened. The time was in the same
6
time with the previous event, that Robin was angry after the friar threw him
in the cold river.
3.1.10 My good friar, you are free to fish in this river when you want.
Form of discourse deixis: Adverbial Clause of Time
The discourse deixis (when you want) pointed as adverb of time which
relates by showing time when event 9 happened. The time was happened in
the same day when Robin allowed the friar to fish in the outlaws river
whenever he wanted.
3.1.11 When I told him this, he wanted to punish me.
Form of discourse deixis: Adverbial Clause of Time
The Discourse deixis (when I told him this) pointed as adverb of time which
relates by showing time after event 10 happened. In this time, the friar told
Robin why he lived in the forest. He told that he had aquarrel with his abbot.
The abbot will punish the friar when the friar adviced to always remember
Good and help the poor.
3.1.12 One day, King John stood on the castle walls.
Form of discourse deixis: Noun Phrase
This discourse deixis (one day) pointed as adverb of time which relates by
showing time after event 11 happened for along time. This time was in the
day when King John stood up on the castle walls to announce his people to
capture Robin Hood and his outlaws.
3.1.13 From that day on, Robin's life was in great danger.
Form of discourse deixis: Prepositional Phrase
This discourse deixis (from that day on) pointed as adverb of time which
relates by showing time after event 12 happened. It was a day when the
previous event had already been done. At that time, Robin’s life was in great
danger.
3.1.14 When Robin Hood was a boy, his best friends were Marian Fitzwater and
her brother, Marke.
Form of discourse deixis: Adverbial Clause of Time
7
The Discourse deixis (when Robin Hood was a boy) pointed as adverb of
time which.relates by showing time after event 13 happened. The time was
at the day when Robin was a boy. Marian Fitzwater and her brother, Marke
are his best friend when he was young.
3.1.15 One spring day Marian's father, Lord Robert Fitzwater of Malaset, said to
her, "Marian, you are a beautiful maid. Soon you must marry.
Form of discourse deixis: Noun Phrase
This discourse deixis (one spring day) relates by showing time after event
14 happened for a long time. The time was at the day in spring season. At
that time, Marian was grew as a beautiful maid. Her father, Lord Robert
Fitzwater of Malest asked her daughter to get marry soon.
3.1.16 When Marian heard this, she was very unhappy.
Form of discourse deixis: Adverbial Clause of Time
he discourse deixis when Marian heard this relates by showing time when
event 15 happened. The time was at the day when Marian heard her father
statement had been told in the previous event. She was very unhappy at that
moment, because she only loved Robin and wanted to maryy him.
3.1.17 When Robin saw the knight, he asked, "What are you doing in the forest?"
Form of discourse deixis: Adverbial Clause of Time
The discourse deixis (when Robin saw the knight) relates by showing time
after event 16 happened. At that time Robin saw the knight in the forest
when he was coming from Nottingham. At the same time he asked the
knight what he was doing in the forest.
3.1.18 I am ready to fight you!" And so the fight began.
Form of discourse deixis: Adverbial Clause of Time
The discourse deixis (so the fight began) relates by showing time when
event 17 happened. It pointed the time when the fight began between the
begar (Robin) and the knight (Marian) immediately after Marian said that
she was ready for fight with the beggar (Robin).
3.1.19 Then, they kissed.
Form of discourse deixis: Adverb of time
8
This discourse deixis relates by showing time after event 18 happened. At
that time Robin and Marian kissed. It was happened after Robin and Marian
recognised each other.
3.1.20 There was great happiness in Sherwood Forest that evening.
Form of discourse deixis: Noun Phrase
This discourse deixis (that evening) relates by showing time when event 19
happened. The time was in the evening when Robin and Marian met. At that
time Sherewood Forest had a great happiness. Marian and Robin were
finally together.
3.1.21 Friar Tuck married them after a few days.
Form of discourse deixis: Prepositional Phrase
Discourse deixis (after a few days) relates by showing time after event 20
happened for a few days. The time was at day when Friar tuck (Robin’s
friend) married Robin and Marian.
3.1.22 They were loyal to him and followed him everywhere.
Form of discourse deixis: Adverbial Clause of Place
Discourse deixis (followed him everywhere) relates by showing place
wherever around the Kingdom of Nottingham, included Sherwood Forest
where event 21 take a place. There were many people loyal and followed
him.
3.1.23 He entered the dark forest and saw no one for a long time.
Form of discourse deixis: Noun Phrase
This discourse deixis (the dark forest) relates by showing time after event
22 happened. The time was at the evening when the Sheriff of Nottingham
left for Sherwood Forest alone to capture Robin Hood.
3.1.24 He entered the dark forest and saw no one for a long time.
Form of discourse deixis: Prepositional Phrase
discourse deixis (for a long time) relates by showing time when event 23
happened. The time was at the same day as previous event that is in the
evening. At that time when he entered the dark forest, he saw no one there.
9
3.1.25 At the end of the meal, Robin said, "Now give us everything you have -
money, gold, jewels.
Form of discourse deixis: Prepositional Phrase
The discourse deixis (at the end of the meal) relates by showing time after
event 24 happened. The time was at the night after they (Robin, his outlaws
and the Sheriff) finish the meal. At that moment, Robin asked the Sheriff to
give them all of he had such money, gold, and jewels.
3.1.26 After his adventure in Sherwood Forest, the Sheriff of Nottingham said to
his men, "I must capture Robin Hood and destroy him.
Form of discourse deixis: Prepositional Phrase
This discourse deixis (after his adventure) relates by showing time after
event 25 happened. The time was at day after the Sheriff adventure in
Sherwood Forest. At that time, he said to his men that he must capture Robin
Hood and destroy him.
3.1.27 The Sheriff's messengers went everywhere and told everyone about the
competition.
Form of discourse deixis: Adverb of Place
The discourse deixis (The Sheriff's messengers went everywhere) relates
by showing place wherever event 26 take a place and around the Kingdom
of Nottingham, included Sherwood Forest where Robin Hood lived.
3.1.28 One day Friar Tuck heard the news.
Form of discourse deixis: Noun Phrase
This discourse deixis (one day) relates by showing time after event 27
happened. The time was at the day when Robin’s friend (Friar Tuck) heard
the news of an archery competition that will be held in Nottingham.
3.1.29 One morning in May, Robin and his outlaws went to the archery
competition.
Form of discourse deixis: Noun Phrase
The discourse deixis (one morning in May) relates by showing time after
event 28 happened. The time was at the day of the archery competition held.
10
It was at the morning in May. At that time Robin and his outlaws went to
the competition.
3.1.30 When they arrived, they celebrated their victory.
Form of discourse deixis: Adverbial Clause of Time
The discourse deixis (when they arrived) relates by showing time when
event 29 happened. The time was at the day when Robin and his men arrived
in Sherwood Forest. At that time, they celebrated their victory of the
competition and the fight with The Sheriff’s men.
3.1.31 Marian remembered her similar situation some time ago.
Form of discourse deixis: Noun Phrase
This discourse deixis (some time ago) relates by showing time before this
event happened. The time had been mentioned was at the previous event
when Marian father’s wanted to marry her with other guy. At this time
Marian remembered her similar situation with Alan a’Dale’s love story.
3.1.32 Early the next morning, Robin sent his best archers to Papplewick.
Form of discourse deixis: Prepositional Phrase
This discourse deixis (early the next morning) relates by showing time after
event 31 happened. The time was in the early morning at the day when
Robin sent his best archers to Papplewick chruch to do the mission plan.
3.1.33 At midday, the bishop and the rich old baron entered the church.
Form of discourse deixis: Prepositional Phrase
The discourse deixis (at midday) relates by showing time when event 32
happened. The time was at the day of Alice wedding ceremony. At that time,
the bishop and rich old baron entered the chruch.
3.1.34 When the bishop began the marriage ceremony, Robin stood up and said,
"My lord, an ugly old man cannot marry this beautiful young woman.
Form of discourse deixis: Adverbial Clause of Time
This discourse deixis (when the bishop began the marriage ceremony)
relates by showing time when event 33 happened. The time was in the
begining of married ceremony. At that moment, Robin stood up and said to
the bishop that the ugly old man could not mary the beautiful woman.
11
3.1.35 At that moment, Robin's men stood up and pointed their bows and arrows
at the guards.
Form of discourse deixis: Propositional Phrase
This discourse deixis (at that moment) relates by showing time when event
34 happened. The time was at the moment when Robin’s men stood up and
pointed their bows and arrow at the guards. Then, the guards did not move
and the bishop ran out of the chruch.
3.1.36 One evening Robin was hunting in the forest.
Form of discourse deixis: Noun Phrase
This discourse deixis (one evening) relates by showing time after event 35
happened in a few days. At that evening, Robin was hunting in the forest.
Then, he saw a knight riding an old, tired horse.
3.1.37 There was a good meal of roast pork that evening.
Form of discourse deixis: Noun Phrase
This discourse deixis (that evening) relates by showing time when event 36
happened. The time was at the evening, the same time when the previouse
event happened. At that time, there was a good meal of roast pork.
3.1.38 At the end of the meal, Robin stood up and said, "Let us drink to good King
Richard, and to his return!"
Form of discourse deixis: Prepositional Phrase
The discourse deixis (at the end of the meal) relates by showing time when
event 37 happened. The time was after they (the knight, Robin, and his men)
finish the meal. At that time, Robin stood up and said to his men that King
Richard had been returned from Holy Land.
3.1.39 There was silence for a moment.
Form of discourse deixis: Prepositional Phrase
The discourse deixis (for a moment) relates by showing time when event 38
happened. The time was at the moment when the outlaws recognised the
knight was King Richard. At that moment, there was silence because they
surprised for a moment.
3.1.40 That night, King Richard slept in Sherwood Forest.
12
Form of discourse deixis: Noun Phrase
This discourse deixis (that night) relates by showing time when event 39
happened. The time was at night when King Richard slept in Sherwood
Forest.
3.1.41 The following morning he rode to Nottingham with Robin, Marian and his
friends of Sherwood Forest.
Form of discourse deixis: Noun Phrase
This discourse deixis (the following morning) relates by showing time after
event 40 happened. The time was in the next morning after previous event
happened. At that time, King Richard rode to Nottingham with Robin,
Marian and his friends of Sherwood Forest.
3.1.42 When the Sheriff saw them, he ran away and never returned!
Form of discourse deixis: Adverbial Clause of Time
The discourse deixis (when the Sheriff saw them) relates by showing time
when event 41 happened. The time was at the same day when the Sheriff
saw King Richard, Robin, Mariand and their friends arrived in Nottingham.
At that time, the Sheriff ran away into the forest and never returned.
3.1.43 After the King's return, Robin, Marian and Little John went to Locksley.
Form of discourse deixis: Prepositional Phrase
The discourse deixis (after the King's return After the King's return) relates
by showing time after event 42 happened. The time was at the day after
King’s Richard returned. At that time, Robin, Marian and Little John went
to Locksley.
Table 1. The percentage of Kinds of Discourse deixis
No. Kinds of Discourse Deixis ∑ Percentage
1. Prepositional Phrase 16 39%
2. Noun Phrase 13 29%
3. Adverbial Clause of Time 10 24%
4. Adverbial Clause of Place 2 4,5%
13
5. Sentence 2 4,5 %
TOTAL 43 100 %
3.2 Discussion
Based on the data finding, there are five kinds of discourse deixis found in
Robin Hood Short Story such as prepositional phrase, noun phrase, adverbial
clause of time, adverbial clause of place, and adverb of time.
Ayuningkrumi (2014), in her research found four types of discourse
deixis which are used in the Elf of the Rose Short Story. The three types of
discourse deixis which was found in her research are Prepositional Phrase,
Sentence, adverbial Clause of Time and adverbial Clause of Place. The other
researcher such as Pasaribu and Manik (2015) conducted the research only
about the deixis used in a Business Brochures text by using Cruse’s Theory
about deixis. Then, Khalili (2017) conducted the research about type of deixis
used in a novel. He classified type of deixis based on Levinson’s Theory such
as person deixis, place deixis, time deixis, social deixis and discourse deixis.
The differences with this present research are; (1) they used five types of
deixis in general and also did the analysis generally based on the deixis used
in the data sourse. While, this research analyzed more specifically about one
type of deixis based on Levinson’s theory that is discourse deixis.
The other research conducted by Pratiwi (2018) and Fauziah (2015)
were adopted theory of deixis used of Yule’s theory, which is only mention
three kinds of deixis, such person deixis, place deixis and time deixis. In their
research, there were not discourse deixis contained in the theory.
There are some differences between this research and the previous
studies which are conducted by the other previous researchers. In this
research, the researcher used the theory Levinson (1983) about discourse
deixis. The results of this research; there are three kinds of discourse deixis
found in Robin Hood Short Story. They are 16 data of prepositional phrase
(39%), 13 data of noun phrase (29%), 10 data of adverbial clause of time
14
(24%), 2 data of adverbial clause of place (4,5%), and 2 data of adverb of
time(4,5%). There are 43 data, which is included as the kinds of discourse
deixis found in Robin Hood Short Story. Based on this explanation, it can be
concluded that this research has some of differences from the previous
researches conducted by the other researchers. This research specifically
describe more detail about the kinds of discourse deixis and the order the
chronological events arranged by connecting one discourse with other
discourse.
4. CONCLUSION
This part presents the conclusion of the research finding in answering problem
statements of this research.
4.1 The result of this research shows that there are discourse deixis contained in
Robin Hood Short Story. While, the percentage of each kind of discourse
deixis based on the data above are; They are 16 data of prepositional phrase
(39%), 13 data of noun phrase (29%), 10 data of adverbial clause of time
(24%), 2 data of adverbial clause of place (4,5%), and 2 data of adverb of
time(4,5%). There are 43 data, which is included as the kinds of discourse
deixis found in Robin Hood Short Story. So, the researcher concludes that
the most dominant kind of discourse deixis found in Robin Hood Short Story
is prepositional Phrase.
4.2 The researcher underlined that discourse deixis is not only showing the words
this, that, these, those, here, there, and then, but discourse deixis has the wider
scope to arrange the story chronologically from one previous event and the
next event based on time or place the story happened.
4.3 Then, the description of chronological story described based on the meaning
of deictic expression and the chronological story based on discourse deixis
found in Robin Hood Short Story. Discourse deixis in this research based on
Levinson’s theory (1983).
15
REFERENCE
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