DUET OF DISCIPLINES » p 6

THE NEW VISUALISM » p 10

THE FUTURE IS SOON » p 16

WATER FOR THE WORLD » p 12

TheCrystallinePath

» p2

2010

Friends,

Welcome to the very first edition of Eastern Washington University’s DiscoverE maga-zine! For nearly 130 years, EWU has endeavored not only to provide a first-class education to students around the state of Washington but to be engaged in assessment and research that seek to answer questions that concern the region.

Producing this magazine fulfills an important goal for the university, as it is our role to inform supporters and the surrounding community about the work our faculty conduct on campus.

Eastern may not be a “research” university in the traditional sense, but since we are an institution of higher education, research is part of the fabric of what we do every day. Our faculty are constantly exploring, creating and testing new and innovative ideas.

Each year, both undergraduate and graduate students participate in the annual Student Research and Creative Works Symposium. The 2010 Symposium included 350 students and more than 100 faculty mentors. Many of these students have a strong desire to advance to graduate school, and their exposure to critical research helps them in their journey.

The applied nature of our research has resulted in a broad base set of areas of investiga-tion that is demonstrated by the articles highlighted in this issue of DiscoverE. This publica-tion exemplifies the efforts of our faculty and the opportunities that students have to experi-ence, firsthand, the genesis of new ideas and applications which will improve the quality of life for our region and state.

This issue of DiscoverE looks at the work of some of the outstanding researchers at Eastern. Dr. Jamie Manson's work with lab-created crystalline compounds may lead to superconductivity at room temperature. Dr. Vandana Asthana's work in water dis-tribution policy could bring about better resource management and even improve inter-national security. Drs. Middleton and Simmons are collaborating in music and com-puter science to expand the ability of musicians to overcome distance while performing. Dr. Canada's new approaches to math instruction will improve teaching and learning.

These and other contributions by our faculty are highlighted so that further collabora-tions can be developed with other research teams across the state and nation.

We welcome your comments and encourage discussion with our research faculty.

DR. RODOLFO ARÉVALO, President

2010 -11 | Volume 1, No. 1

CONTACT US

DiscoverE Magazine, Eastern Washington University300 Showalter Hall, Cheney, WA 99004-2445

E-mail: DiscoverEmagazine@ewu.eduPhone: 509.359.6422 Website: www.ewu.edu/DiscoverEDiscoverE, the research magazine for Eastern Washington

University, is published annually by the office of Graduate Education & Research and EWU Marketing & Communications.

Art direction, graphic design and photography provided by University Graphics, EWU Office of Information Technology.

2The Crystalline Path to New SuperconductorsExploring the superconducting properties of unique, crystalline compounds

These chemical compounds could hold the key to the future of energy efficiency. Dr. Jamie Manson's lab at EWU is the only source for these crystalline compounds.

12Water for the WorldAddressing issues of water policy on a global scale

10The New Visualism in Math EducationDocumenting the “how” in teaching, to create more effective math education

16The Future is SoonThe annual EWU Student Research and Creative Works Symposium

Selected Faculty PublicationsA modest sampling of faculty publications over the past year18

Grants By the Numbers2009-10 EWU grants activity21

6MANOME: A Duet of DisciplinesThe EWU Computer Science and Music Departments team up to help musicians rehearse and perform together in real time – on different continents

EWU Students Jaymes Winger and Andrew Sacksville-West peer from behind an oscilloscope used to measure latency for the MANOME project.

CONTENTS

Teresa ConwayDirector of

Marketing & Communications

Judy McMillanUniversity Graphics Supervisor

Nick BrownArt Direction/Graphic Design

PhotographyLarry Conboy

Managing EditorAnthony Flinn, PhD

Contributing WritersJason Keedy, Sam Stowers, David Rey

Kandi Carper, David ReyCopy Editors

DISCOVER E MAGAZINE STAFF

to Superconducting MaterialsTHE CRYSTALLINE PATH »

» DISCOVER E2

Dr. Jamie Manson’s work in crystallography could lead to materials capable

of more efficient energy transport. As we may, or may not, remember having

learned in school, electrical current – the flow of electrons through a circuit

– is impeded by various levels of resistance depending upon the material the

current is passing through. The greater the resistance, the less efficient the

circuit. This energy-efficient way of relaying energy would revolutionize

practically every aspect of our modern society.

Creating new molecular arrangements that mimic superconducting material Manson’s crystallographic work is an essential element in this search. Pictured above are unique compounds, and Manson's lab, at EWU, is the only source for these potentially revolutionary crystals.

While the world searches for more materials from which to draw energy, a functional superconductor could trans-port electrical current over great distances with 100 per-cent efficiency. That’s why superconductor technology is so vital. Current transmission lines are plagued by considerable electrical losses.

However, current superconducting materials can only function properly at a frosty, minus 160 degrees Celsius. For example, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) uses a super-conducting magnet, which must be held in liquid helium to keep it at an extremely low temperature, just a few degrees above absolute zero. In a catch-22, though, maintaining

ewu.edu/DiscoverE

superconducting materials at such temperatures requires a great deal of power and enormous cost. Consequently, the creation of a superconductor that can perform at ambient, or room temperature, would be revolutionary.

Manson’s crystallographic work is an essential element in this search. Through X-ray crystallography, Manson and his colleagues can determine the structure of crystals by map-ping the arrangement of their atoms. X-rays are shot into the crystal and then scatter off the atoms’ electrons. The subse-quent pictures reveal information on their positions. Man-son explained that it is the symmetry of the crystal structure, the ordered frequency of the pattern of atoms, which makes

» DISCOVER E3

the crystals so valuable to the research. Without those sym-metrical intervals, the structure becomes very difficult to determine, making it nearly impossible to discern the mate-rial’s molecular and atomic properties. From these structural analyses, it is then possible to foretell how certain atoms will interact with others. Admitting that it is a complex scheme, Manson said that the idea comes down to a simple matter of relationship. “All physical properties are driven by electrons and how they behave, so, if you understand how those work, then you can better design materials for other purposes.” One of those potential materials is a superconductor.

NEW MOLECULAR ARRANGEMENTS MIMIC SUPERCONDUCTING MATERIAL

For Manson, finding out how atoms interact in these types of controlled environments is vital to future technological prog-ress. “The idea is to better understand these interactions so that we can control them and take that knowledge and apply it to other types of materials that may be better suited for society and technological applications,” he said. His interest lies in the quest to better understand the synergistic relation-ship between magnetism and superconductivity.

The research teams attempt to generate various magnetic behaviors through the arrangement of various molecular building blocks. These experiments are vital in the search for new superconductors because the magnetic interactions of the known superconductors are too large to be studied appropriately with existing technology. By mimicking and reducing the scale of these interactions, researchers can use current technology to study the desired structural and mag-netic behavior.

Manson draws upon methods of coordination chemistry to link molecules into particular structural patterns, much like LEGO building blocks. Since the most studied supercon-ductors contain copper ions, these ions are the focal point where he uses organic (carbon-based) molecules to bond to those metal ions. The organic molecules are specifically chosen because they can serve as building blocks, organizing the metallic ions into square sheets – the basic framework of many known superconductors.

In the experimentation process, Manson said that the plans don’t always match the results. “It’s easier said than done – Mother Nature ultimately dictates how things are going to come together.” With various bonds and metals used as controls, a prediction is routinely made about what the magnetic property might be like based upon the struc-ture. Manson said that the fact that he is right half of the time reveals a stark reminder: “It means that we don’t know half as much as we think we do about chemistry, physics and how things interact – there’s still a lot to learn.”

PAIRING UP ELECTRONSElectrons, we’ll recall, are spinning charges that possess a small “magnetic moment,” simultaneously orbiting the nucleus to create a magnetic field. We can image this motion as field lines that look rather like a topological map. The overlying theory on superconductivity suggests that super-conductivity and magnetism cannot coexist, which in some respects seems true. For superconductivity, electrons pair up (in “Cooper pairs”) to produce a diamagnetic (non-magnetic) material. Once the material warms up above its critical tem-perature, the magnetic state is returned as the Cooper pairs are destroyed.

What is the relationship between the reduction of elec-tron correlation and the presence or strength of the mag-netic fields? The main factor that governs the strength of the magnetic interaction between metallic ions is the distance between them. Manson explains, “We can, in a sense, con-trol this interaction because we are using carefully chosen building blocks to space apart the metal ions, as well as place them in desired geometries (orientations). If the interac-tion between electrons on neighboring ions is too large, it becomes very difficult to perturb them.” Using external stim-uli such as high magnetic fields, ultra-low temperatures and pressure, which is what his recent National Science Foun-dation (NSF) grant will fund Manson and his team to do, he will be able to tweak such interactions. Without the ability to create these perturbations, there are too few experimental probes available from which to extract crucial information about the various electronic states that are ultimately respon-sible for a material’s properties.

The objective now, Manson continued, is the search for a superconductor with a higher critical temperature. While new superconductors are found each year, he explained that their critical temperature is still too low to be techno-logically useful. “The reason for this is because we still don’t understand what it takes to make something superconduct-ing,” said Manson. While there have been ideas presented to explain the superconducting properties, he explained they still don’t know the whole story.

BACK TO THE LABIn Manson’s lab, undergraduate students assume a large share of the day-to-day activities. “I’ll give each student a task – letting them know what we’re trying to design, what we’re trying to build with the crystals,” Manson said.

To conduct property measurements from which the inter-actions of the atoms are studied, the students must first grow crystals, a process that can be lengthy. The students first take the chemical ingredients and place them in a solvent, which is usually water or some organic solvent. The hope is that, once the ingredients are mixed, they will remain in solution

» DISCOVER E4

and, after a period of time, produce crystals. As the ions and building blocks are crystallized into the sol-id state, information is gathered about their relative positions and orientations.

Along with his undergraduate assistants, Man-son is also a part of an international scientific team which works from the experimental to the theoreti-cal side. He explained that the labs at Eastern play an integral part of the process. The materials, which are made in Manson’s synthesis labs, are used in studies worldwide that are conducted by many of the best researchers in their respective fields. “We’re really the focal point of the whole research project, because without the materials, no one has anything to study,” said Manson. They attempt to design the types of materials which will prove to be interesting speci-mens for research.

Manson described the new compounds discovered in the labs each year as priceless. “While metals such as gold and platinum may fetch high market value, the number of unique materials that are created in these labs are invaluable,” he said. “These are never before discovered compounds and we’re the only source for these.” Once various studies are completed, the results will be announced in various forms, including publication in top scientific journals and presenta-tions at national and international conferences.

• Jason Keedy

Discovering the properties of crystalline compoundsHigh magnetic fields help determine a material’s critical fields, from which Manson and his students can extract other data relevant to the magnetic interaction between electrons. This process is part of what Manson calls “experiments under extreme conditions,” which also include ultra-low temperatures and high pressure.The left photo shows a close up view of the 300 T single turn magnet located at the National High Magnetic Field, Los Alamos, N.M. The right photo shows the firing of the 300 T single turn magnet. The magnet is destroyed during each experiment.Photos by Dr. Chuck Mielke, Deputy Group Leader and Pulsed-Field Magnet Lab Director, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, N.M.

Dr. Jamie Manson Dr. Manson began his aca-demic career right here in eastern Washington, gradu-ating from Eastern Washing-ton University with a BS in Chemistry in 1994. He went on to receive a PhD from the University of Utah, returning to EWU in 2003 as a facul-ty member in the Chemistry Department. Since then, Man-

son has become internationally renowned in his field, inor-ganic and materials chemistry, studying the rational design, synthesis and physical characterization of novel molecular magnetic solids.

The overall goal of his research is to study the origin of physical properties at the microscopic level with an eye toward new materials design and potentially useful device applications. He has been awarded two National Science Foundation (NSF) grants, totaling more than $500,000. Most important, undergraduate students play a significant role in this research at Eastern. Of his 100 peer-reviewed publica-tions, 91 have undergraduate co-authors he has mentored.

ewu.edu/DiscoverE » DISCOVER E5

» DISCOVER E6

MANOMEa duet of disciplines

Dr. Steve Simmons from Computer

Science and Dr. Jonathan Middleton

from Music have been planning a

concert – a concert where the musicians

are scattered across the globe …

In 2005, Middleton, Simmons and a handful of graduate and undergraduate students began the arduous process of experimenting with current live Internet audio technology.

“We chugged along… doing terrible experiments,” said the 41-year veteran professor Simmons. Early attempts by Simmons and his students to stream the audio between musi-cians playing in two different rooms resulted in a 1-second lag.

“Simmons had the tech side, and I was the music side, relaying what a musician needs to perform,” said Middleton. The two realized that zero-latency audio wasn’t what they should be pursuing. Even when musicians are playing togeth-er in the same room there is a delay based off the physical dis-tance between them. Everything we hear has some latency to it. “An audio feed with zero latency would make it sound like the other guy was playing inside your head,” explained EWU senior and MANOME team member Andrew Sacksville-West. They discovered the desired audio latency or “sweet spot” for musicians to be able to play together at a steady, consistent rhythm is around nine to 12 milliseconds.

Simmons then tightened the control in the experiment, al-lowing the team to isolate problem-causing components and cut the time down to 10 milliseconds. They reached the sweet spot, but not consistently.

Middleton went on sabbatical to Stanford University and was introduced to Chris Chafe, a professor in at Stan-ford’s Center for Computer Research in Music and Acous-tics (CCRMA). Chafe had been working on software for low- latency audio since 2000, and was also achieving “sweet spot” latency in his own experiments.

“From then on, we have all worked as a group and it’s done a lot of good,” said Simmons, “We built our own hardware components, but we used all their software components, ex-cept for one where one of the graduate students wrote a com-peting component that we could test side by side.”

The collaboration culminated in Chafe coming to Eastern in April 2009, and performing a cello duet with the Spokane Symphony’s principal cellist, John Marshall. Marshall per-

» DISCOVER E7

“The Beatles all came from Liverpool…imagine all The Beatles that could be formed now that they don't have to grow up in the same neighborhood.”

• Dr. Jonathan Middleton

Each year of sustained, innovative collaboration, working with teams of students, brings the concert date closer.

Simmons anticipates the rhythm of congas lighting up the faces of the audience. Middleton will hear guitarists, a piano player, and a brass section coming in on top of the percussion. The musicians will listen and watch each other for cues as they improvise the song in front of the crowd.

The members of this jam band, however, could be physi-cally separated by thousands of miles, performing from Tokyo, Paris, New Orleans, even Toledo, Ohio, but simultaneously in real time. The musicians will be cueing off each other through video and audio feeds transmitting 100 times faster than Skype. Meanwhile, the audience will be listening to this per-formance live in Spokane.

This concert will be possible via low-latency audio and video network connections. Currently, people use Internet audio and video to chat and hold video conferences. These connections have a high latency, meaning there is a marked delay between when a person speaks on one end and when the listener on the other end actually hears the message. This delay has little to no effect on con-versations, but for music collaborations, where timing and connection consistency are crucial, it is a major problem – a problem that EWU researchers are excited to be solving.

“The Beatles all came from Liverpool,” said Middleton, “That was a freak occurrence. Imag-ine all The Beatles that could be formed now that they don’t have to grow up in the same neighbor-hood. Distance doesn’t matter anymore.”

Simmons and Middleton are the principal professors behind the Metropolitan Area Net-work Optimized Music Environment (MA-NOME) project. Along with their students, they are part of a small, yet global community pioneer-ing the field of low-latency Internet audio and video. The mu-sic and computer science departments worked together with Stanford University music technology professor Chris Chafe to complete their first goal of providing low-latency audio good enough for two cellists on opposing sides of the EWU campus to play together live, last April. Now they are focusing on developing matching video, while working on other col-laborative research projects taking place at Eastern that blur the lines between departments.

HEARING INSPIRATIONIndependent concert promoter Craig Volosing presented the idea for this achievement to Simmons. Volosing was searching for a way for visiting musicians to rehearse with local accompanying musicians like those from the Spokane Symphony without having to fly in two weeks before the event. Simmons then pitched the idea to EWU faculty mem-bers in 2004. Middleton jumped on board.

ewu.edu/DiscoverE

latency of each one. Each step and component (video camera, computer tower, monitor) a computer uses to send data, in this case a frame of video, adds time to how long it takes for data to get through. The goal of ultimately reducing video latency is achieved by going through each component and ei-ther switching out slow components with faster ones or fine-tuning them to do their jobs as quickly as possible. “It’s like you’re a murder mystery detective,” said Simmons, “You’ve ruled out some suspects. Others you’re not sure if they’re villains or innocent bystanders.”

The team revealed the results. They had some difficulties, including an oscilloscope they had to switch out with one donated by the Engineering and Design Department. In the end though, not only did they achieve their goal of develop-ing a system, they got baseline measurements on the system of 100 milliseconds – only 80 milliseconds off the mark.

Computer science students then spent the next 10 weeks researching what equipment they needed to replace and what equipment was obtainable. Now, MANOME is looking

» DISCOVER E8

“Latency” refers to the amount of time it takes for sound to travel from its source to its destination. For example, during thunderstorms, when lightning strikes there’s a delay in hearing the accompanying thunder. This delay is due to the distance the thunder has to travel from its source, the lightning, to its destination, your ear.

WHAT IS LATENCY?

“We’re doing research that can change the world.”

• Dr. Steve Simmons

WEB

Distance » 10 – 14 feet

SAME LOCATION OVER THE INTERNETDistance » Variable

Natural Latency Time » 9 – 12 milliseconds Digital Latency Time » 9 – 12 milliseconds

formed in the Music Department Recital Hall, while Chafe was in classroom 209 in the Computing and Engineering Building. “At this point, we hit audio gold,” said Simmons. The team got a dedicated network for the performance and achieve a consistent latency of nine milliseconds.

“There was like,” Simmons said with a pause, “quality.”The team also gave the audience a video feed using Skype,

but Marshall had to turn his eyes from the screen or close them because the 300-millisecond delay kept throwing him off. The Skype video delay and the nine millisecond audio delay were so off that Marshall was actually hearing Chafe play notes well before he saw Chafe play them. The next step had revealed itself. It was time for the MANOME team to tackle video.

SEEING THE FUTUREIt was March 16, 2010, and the classroom for the Computer Science 494 senior project class was stuffed with students and professors ready to share the results of their projects. Five of the teams were assigned with challenging, but stan-dard, projects like designing a book purchas-ing website or perfecting programs that allow professors to set up their schedules more easily. The CS-494 MANOME team, consisting of Dru Marks, Ian Clark, Andrew Sackville-West, Jaymes Winger and Brian Ross, was the only group whose project’s outcome was unknown.

They were tasked with taking the first steps in achiev-ing video with a 20-millisecond latency; developing a system to begin testing the components involved and measure the

Dr. Jonathan Middleton A professor of music at EWU, Mid-dleton earned his doctorate at Co-lumbia University in 1999. In 2000, he was named the Washington state Composer of the Year, and in 2007, he was a visiting scholar at Stanford’s CCRMA. He has created more than 40 acoustic or electronic composi-tions, most drawn from music found in nature or science. His music has

been performed locally by the Spokane Symphony, North-west Symphony Orchestra and the Coeur d’Alene Symphony Orchestra, and recorded internationally by the Kiev and Czech Philharmonic orchestras.

Middleton’s research in acoustic innovation includes work with Finnish acoustician and digital sound processing expert Henri Penttinen, using the axial and spatial sensitiv-ity of smart phones to affect the timbre of the music they composed for phones. Also, Middleton’s “Musicalgorithms” website http://musicalgorithms.ewu.edu/ uses algorithms and integer sequences to create musical patterns, such as those in his “Redwood Symphony.” Most recently, collaborat-ing with computer science students and Dr. Steve Simmons, Middleton developed the only online software for teaching overlapping melodies, or “Counterpoint.”

Dr. Steve SimmonsA professor of computer science at EWU, Simmons earned his doctor-ate at the University of Oregon in 1972. In 1984, he helped found the new EWU Department of Com-puter Science, and in the 1990s, he launched into the field of computer networks, co-founding the Terabyte Triangle connectivity project in downtown Spokane, helping to

obtain worldwide fiber-optic connectivity for EWU, and contributing to the Eastern Washington GigaPop project for statewide network research.

In other research and development, Simmons worked with the EWU Music Department on several projects. These include, with Dr. Middleton, developing web-based courseware for teaching Counterpoint, as well as the Avista-sponsored Virtual Possibility Network Project for regional university collaboration over a dedicated high performance fiber-optic network. In recognition of his achievements, in 1999, he received both the EWU Deans’ and the EWU Chairs’ Awards for Excellence; in 2003, the TechNet Catalyst Award for Individual Innovation; and in 2009, the EWU Chairs’ Award for Excellence in Scholarship.

» DISCOVER E9

at fall quarter of 2010 as an opportunity to get closer to low-latency video, as they switch out hardware and run through processing code try-ing to shave time off the display process. The video card and camera the CS-494 team used added 30 milliseconds of delay.

“They’ve done really great work,” said Stan-ford’s Chafe about the MANOME project, “It’s really amazing, and there are only a few groups in the world doing this.”

Still, MANOME is just one collaborative proj-ect for the two departments. The departments are looking at creating a Music Informatics BA program at Eastern. The program would not only give students an education in compositional theory and acoustics, but also programming skills and training in manipulating computer hardware. This combination would give a foundation to anyone preparing for a career in the digital age music industry.

Middleton has already begun incorporating math and science into his music instruction by creating and successfully implementing a way to teach music students algorithms for the North-west Distributed Computer Science Departments (NWDCSD). “I cushioned the blow as best as I could,” Middleton said. “I came to class and said, ‘Have you guys seen The Matrix? Do you know the difference between the blue pill and the red pill? Well, today we’re going to take the red pill.’”

Through the concept of teaching complex mathematics to artistically-minded students, his class received favorable reviews and now acts as the NWDCSD’s training module.

Among American universities, Eastern is unique in its ability to combine departmental efforts. “EWU is easier in that it’s not compart-mentalized. Schools like UCLA are too big,” said Simmons.

The technology the MANOME project is working on could not only be used for perfor-mances, but for music instruction and overall collaboration. Surgeons from Inland Health have even shown interest in studying whether the au-dio/video technology could be used for surgery at a distance. At the same time, they are setting precedents for combining disciplines.

“We’re doing research that can change the world,” Simmons said.

• Sam Stowers

ewu.edu/DiscoverE

The New Visualism in Math Education

In teaching mathematics, the “how” can be more important than the “what,” and a method of documenting the “how” is being tried out by EWU professor Dan Canada.

Canada’s pre-service math teachers acted out how math problems are solved and captured that process visu-ally to share and review it easily via classroom technol-ogy. he result is an emerging teaching tactic that could help future teachers better explain mathematical concepts to K-16 students.

“An approach for math education is to consider not only the mathematical content, but also the methods by which we can engage students in discourse and other means of justify-ing their own thinking,” Canada said. “How can we represent our thinking? What will help us to explain why we thought of a particular approach to problem solving?”

In addition to preparing future teachers, Canada does research focusing on how people learn mathematics and how to best teach mathematics. Obviously, these two processes go hand-in-hand, and part of the research element includes finding modes best suited to merge the two in the classroom.

“Technology can definitely be used appropriately to enhance both the mathematical teaching and learning pro-cess,” Canada said. “I can envision ways of sharing class-room thinking with other institutions via the web – after all, what can be captured electronically can be disseminated and shared in a variety of formats.”

When he talks about technology, Canada isn’t referring to the cutting edge; rather he means electronic devices and tools that are already commonly available. For the process he developed with his pre-service teachers, the only devices required are a digital camera and a classroom SMART Board. The SMART Board works simultaneously as a conventional white board and a computer monitor that displays projec-tions from a computer. The advantage of a SMART Board over older tools like overhead projectors or chalk boards is the in-teractivity with what is being displayed, the richness of the content, and the ability to archive it electronically for future reference via the SMART Board or computer.

The SMART Board allows users to “write” on the content being projected via a pen-like stylus, giving the teacher and students an interactive space that combines the technology of the computer interface with traditional handwriting.

EXPLORING THE POSSIBILITIESAfter weeks of developing a classroom culture of ex-

perimentation and inquiry, Canada and his class explored whether using the SMART Board’s visual aids and interactive emphasis provided by digital images was a viable tool for learning, teaching, and learning to teach.

Leading up to the experimentation, Canada and his stu-dents discussed an important concept – they needed not only to understand how they were reasoning, but why. What they found was that they were having difficulty taking good ideas and “replaying” them in teaching presentations. With no

» DISCOVER E10

• Professor’s research probes the use of

accessible technology to document

both learning and teaching processes

for mathematics teachers-in-training.

Dr. Dan CanadaAfter having taught middle and high school mathematics for nine years (both in America and overseas), Dan Canada began turning to research during his PhD studies in Portland, Ore. One project with the National Science Foundation (NSF) looked at public perceptions of mathematics education reform, particularly the views held by parents. Another NSF project examined how students and teachers reason about data and chance. Now at Eastern Washington University since 2003, he has extended his research on the statistical reasoning of preservice teachers: What are the ways that they simulate probabilistic situations? How do they represent and interpret data? What inferences and decisions do they make in the face of uncertainty? Canada also looks at the power of technology to transform the way we teach and learn, and he continues efforts to apply this power to other mathematical topics, having problem solving as a common core theme.

» DISCOVER E

easy way to archive ideas or concepts, good ideas and meth-ods could become lost. That’s where Canada’s new process comes in.

“One thing I do in my classes is model teaching as a dynam-ic process, and a part of this is trying new things, myself,” he said. “So I could imagine students thinking, ‘Oh great, here’s another one of Dr. Dan’s crazy ideas to try in the classroom.’”

Before giving the SMART Board a try, the class tried to use visual and tactile aids to get across their teaching concepts in the classroom. Canada said that those efforts led to overly complex and unwieldy presentations. “Often, entire tables would be covered with collections of pattern blocks, tiles or other manipulatives that a group of teacher candidates were using,” he recounted.

There needed to be a more elegant method. After some preparation and explanation of what he wanted, Canada broke his class up into groups of three or four and had them think of ways to convey visually the concept of fractions and mathematical computations involving fractions. Here’s a task given to one group:

“A normal recipe feeds 12 people. But I only want to make enough to feed five people. The normal recipe uses 1 ⅖ cups of flour; how much flour should I use?”

The group with the problem outlined above took six digi-tal photographs that captured visual representations of the reasoning concepts behind finding an answer. From those photos, they created six pages for the SMART Board to pres-ent to their classmates.

The group used the photos they took of cubes being ordered into groups that would represent the measurements, and captured “action photos” of the visual representations being manipulated to explain the reasoning behind the solution. Their classmates downloaded their presentation to their own computers and made comments, drew conclusions, or critiqued the group’s work.

The ability to jump from frame to frame using the SMART Board was important, as a vigorous discussion ensued about the soundness of the solution method.

Canada said he was very pleased with the results of the experimentation, and he came away with the feeling that the process was even more useful than he’d originally anticipated.

“Collectively,” he explained, “the class showed a good range of creativity and gave careful thought to which

‘slices’ of their process they wanted to capture on camera. But, it was in the second phase, in the presentation of the photo- documentation, that they seemed to appreciate the mathe-matical learning that can be enhanced by using this combina-tion of technology,” he added.

BEYOND THE CLASSROOMCanada believes his work so far shows that his method is scalable to the younger students his pre-service teacher stu-dents will be instructing in their own classrooms.

“The kinds of technology we already see kids using are exactly the kinds that educators can integrate into the learn-ing process,” he added.

Canada said his process currently lends itself more to a project-based effort, rather than day-to-day implementation, as developing the presentations is time consuming.

“The great thing about having everything saved electroni-cally, though, is that the work can be recalled on any day we’d benefit from seeing our past thinking,” he explained.

Now that he’s used still photos in the process, Canada wants to give audio-video a whirl. Students are used to get-ting large chunks of their daily information from internet video and television, and integrating the dynamic element of moving pictures may be the eventual best method of informa-tion delivery through Canada’s system.

“Something I’ve been investigating is the use of video case studies, or vignettes, to enhance teacher education programs,” Canada said. “This approach can really help us, as educators, in discerning how another person thinks mathematically.

He also sees the archiving function of the process as a valuable assessment vehicle.

“I see great potential in some aspects of this technology for assessment purposes,” he said. “That is, if students have access to the means to create video that appropriately cap-tures their reasoning, then that product is something that can be transmitted, stored and evaluated – it could also have im-plications for distance learning.”

Canada, currently in Tanzania on a Fulbright Fellowship, is excited to get back to Eastern and experimenting with his students.

“You never know whether something is a good idea until you try,” he concluded. “That would pretty much sum up a lot of the times in education when I’ve tried something new.”

• David Rey

ewu.edu/DiscoverE 11

» DISCOVER E12

Dr. Vandana Asthana, Associate Professor of Government at

EWU, is addressing water issues on a global scale.

In these countries, especially in South Asia, efforts to ensure national security have little meaning as long as mil-lions are steeped in poverty, lack water access and sanitation, and face hunger, malnutrition and illiteracy. When a popula-tion’s survival is at stake, and the countryside and economic base are threatened by resource depletion and environmen-tal degradation, and civil conflict puts day-to-day life at risk.

“National security,” in its traditional sense, ultimately loses its salience and importance. Ironically, these insecurities created by state policies, often damage state legitimacy and become national security issues, a theme laid out in Asthana’s book, The Politics of Environment and Ganga: A Water Marvel.

“Water is a key element in contributing to quality of life, exis-tence and survival,” said Asthana, calling for a shift in focus from state security to society-centered security, from arms and nuclear weapons to sustainable resource management. This shift means thinking about “security” in an entirely new way.

Her engagement with environmental politics brought her to a United Nations environmental summit in Rio de Janeiro, where the north-south divide in matters of environmental justice and democracy was a revelation. It transformed her research from that of an avid scholar of international rela-tions, to one of environmental politics, especially in water policy and security. Her passion to learn more and harmonize her social science knowledge with a scientific temper drove her toward a second doctorate degree in natural resources and environmental sciences from the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign – one connecting environmental sci-ence and policy.

WATER SUPPLY AND THE TECHNOCRACY OF POLICY-MAKINGAsthana’s study on “India’s Tehri Dam: Whither Gender” demonstrates how the premises guiding water resource development in India has focused on a technocratic, supply-based paradigm as the only way to meet water needs for irri-gation, drinking water, sanitation, industry and other uses in a sustainable manner. While dams have provided food security

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Growing up in Kanpur, India, on the banks of the sacred river Ganga, Vandana

Asthana, PhD, associate professor of government at Eastern Washington University,

was fascinated by the freely flowing, eco-resilient waters of a river that many

revered and worshipped, and that provided material goods and services to the

people and cities on its banks. Over time, the river grew polluted with PCBs, heavy

metals, lead and cadmium from growing agricultural washout, as well as industrial

and municipal sewage. Challenging herself to mitigate the river’s pollution, she

helped form a non-governmental organization (NGO) called “Eco Friends.”

Working on the ground, she realized that the state-centric security discourse – the

language of officialdom – could not describe, much less address, the fundamental

problems of security facing the bulk of population in developing countries.

Tehri Dam: While dams have provided food security to India and allowed for improved irrigation, the long history of involuntarily displaced populations, and their inadequate resettlement and rehabilitation, has been the main reason why dams have lost their status as temples of modern India.

ewu.edu/DiscoverE

to India and allowed for improved irrigation, the long his-tory of involuntarily displaced populations, and their inad-equate resettlement and rehabilitation, has been the main reason why dams have lost their status as temples of modern India. While the Tehri dam represented a secure water sup-ply, the insecurity of potable water access was apparent in Asthana’s interviews with women who still walked several miles to haul water for meeting their daily needs – in spite of the promises that water would be continuously available to them from the dam.

Social, economic, environmental and political criti-cisms of these projects were inevitable, and were expressed in social activism and protests. As a result, the credibility of civil- engineering construction has been eroded, yet the official language used to promote such constructions as the Tehri dam in the “policy discourse,” tends to be axiomatic. That is, it presents the economic needs and benefits as if they were self-evident, directing arguments and analysis around desired outcomes that implicitly negate and exclude other ways of thinking.

In another study, published in her new book, Water Policy Processes in India, Asthana explores the competing dis-courses around privatization of water. She draws attention to the multiple ways water is valued in urban water policy reform, and how the language of valuation is used by vari-ous competing parties to position themselves in Delhi’s water management policies. The water policy that’s produced in relation to local, “sub-national,” and global pressures comes from both “above” and “below” the state of Delhi.

Her research shows how “narratives” – storylines embed-ded in the public mind – of crisis, irregularity and scarcity, dominated the discourse about water use in Delhi. For instance, according to the state government, problems in water management can only be remedied using technologi-cal skills of private industry. Moreover, her research in Delhi,

as well as in the state of Washington, found that much of the scientific discourse that’s presented as neutral – statis-tics, data compilation, and numbers – actually masks the political part of policymaking. This sense of “neutrality” comes, she explains, by at first obscuring the role of political interests. The technocratic, supply-side message then seems to be depoliticized, granting it legitimacy and a sense of consensus. In the case of Delhi, a “discourse coalition” was created where scientific, economic and political figures con-verged to share the same privatizing storyline, a particular version of reality that privileged a macroeconomic and tech-nical structure for managing water.

However, there are counterclaims to this argument that technological efficiency is the primary value and that it must be directed by private interests. These counterclaims,

Technocratic

Discourse

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Women must walk several miles to haul water for meeting their daily needs – in spite of the promises that water would be continuously available to them from the dam.

WHAT DETERMINES WATER POLICY?Just as the Tehri dam in India represents an obstacle to water access for the locals, the dam in the illustration represents the technocratic discourse of privatizing policy-making, blocking local concerns and determining water policy.

Water Policy

Traditional, local knowledge

Environmental concerns

Local need for water access

Dr. Vandana Asthana The former chair of the Depart-ment of Political Science at Christ Church College, C.S.J.M Univer-sity in Kanpur, India, Dr. Asthana joined the Government Depart-ment at EWU in 2006, where she teaches international relations, comparative politics and the poli-tics of South Asia. She has pub-lished numerous articles in vari-

ous journals and contributed chapters in edited volumes. In addition to her academic work, she has served on delegations of Track Two Diplomacy for confidence-building measures between India and Pakistan. Dr. Asthana has been associated with premier think tanks in the region, and participated in the Ford Foundation projects in India and Sri Lanka on Com-prehensive and Environmental Security in South Asia. The Founder Member of the IC Centre for Governance, New Del-hi, and the Founder Secretary and Member of the Advisory Panel of Eco-Friends, an NGO that works on water issues in India, Dr. Asthana has served as consultant for the govern-ment of India on the water security of India.

Asthana explains, speak to “an alternative rationality that is also sustainable.” They revolve around reviv-ing local initiatives, known as “indigenous knowledge systems,” for community-driven and community- controlled water solutions. An example is the con-struction of johads, small-scale earthen reservoirs that help to harvest rainwater and improve the recharge of groundwater resources. It is within these competing narratives about water, rather than by the government alone, claims Asthana, that policies are shaped and artic-ulated by different groups, determined by their relative power and their claims to knowledge.

WATER SECURITY: A QUESTION OF AVAILABILITY, ACCESS AND QUALITYWhether it is the case of big dams and access to water by the common people, or multinational companies, such as Suez from France, that are contracted to provide water, questions of availability, allocation and access remain. These insecurities about water, Asthana has shown, can trigger regional, distributional and structural conflicts, affecting internal stability and governance. She argues that the depletion, degradation or inequitable distribu-tion of water resources tends to be a security concern, especially when the water in question is in short supply and dependence on it is great, and it is shared with the other users and often adversarial countries. Although her research shows that the possibility of international disputes over freshwater resources is not likely to spark violent conflict, water security issues can neverthe- less have a destabilizing effect on regional and interna-tional security.

The importance of a water-secure future is fully recognized in all countries of the world today. So in her current research project, “Negotiating Water Rights in Tribal State Relations: Conflict, Survival and Adaptability in the Inland Northwest,” Asthana casts her gaze more locally, on the ambiguity of Native American water rights in the upper Columbia River basin. The tribes face competing claims by the states, businesses, recreation groups and other nongovernmental actors on such issues as water quality and use. Conflicting juris-diction situates water as a core issue between them. In talking to the Spokane, Coeur d’Alene and Kalispel tribes, Asthana finds many parallels between the socio-cultural and environmental impacts of large dams in India and the Pacific Northwest, particularly in the conflict sur-rounding rights. “While the river may have a material role to play in meeting diverse sectoral needs,” she said,

“to the tribes in the Northwest and in India it has a sym-bolic and cultural significance too. I’m excited to get into something where I’m learning and drawing comparative parallels on water rights and the role of power, knowl-edge and agency in defining spaces of engagement in these water policy processes.”

FUTURE RESEARCH AND STUDENT CONTRIBUTIONSAsthana’s ongoing work is a manuscript entitled “India’s Water Security: Domestic Stability, Transboundary Dif-ferences and Sustainable Water Resource Management,” which studies the issues arising from the British legacy of partitioned rivers, which creates tension and conflict over water in Pakistan, Nepal and Bangladesh.

Asthana applies what she learns in the field and brings it back to her students at EWU. Often her students draw upon her scholarly experience and apply it to issues pertinent to the Inland Northwest region. Last year, for the annual U.N. sponsored World Environmental Day, her global envi-ronmental politics class created a display entitled “Local to Global: Environment, Complexity, Sustainability and Spokane.” The class sought to raise awareness on such issues as sustainable resource management, which contributes to resource security.

Asthana points out that, while the crises and tensions in both domestic and international hydrology of river basins and the riparian states in the region and the world are cause for persistent concern, she remains optimistic that countries will, at some point, realize they must cooperate to pursue a water peacemaking strategy based in sustainable develop-ment and sound management of water resources.

• Jason Keedy

» DISCOVER E15ewu.edu/DiscoverE

THE FUTURE IS SOON

For the past 13 years, Eastern Washington University students have shown off their ability to identify a research question, gather and assess pertinent data, and present their findings in a cogent, interesting and sometimes amusing manner at the EWU Student Research and Creative Works Symposium.

Founded in 1998 as a showcase for the university’s McNair Scholars Program students’ research work, the symposium has grown into an annual event where hundreds of students present their projects from a multitude of disciplines, includ-ing creative works or performances.

The first day of the Symposium highlights creative works, including art, film, music, theatre and creative writing. The following day features presentations and posters from vari-ous research-based academic programs, including biology, chemistry, physical therapy, engineering and design, psychol-ogy, anthropology and history.

All students prepare their research or creative work under the mentorship of faculty members and prepare writ-ten abstracts that highlight their subject and findings.

Past research subjects have ranged from examinations of political issues such as the effect Bill Clinton’s affair had on his political rhetoric, and how NAFTA has affected the Mexi-

can workforce. Social issues such as the cultural significance of hair lengths in the U.S., and an examination of how social media can make us more vulnerable to stalking, were sub-jects from previous years. Interesting scientific examinations of quantum mechanics and consciousness, and whether the tea we drink is safe, were undertaken by students in the past couple of years.

Every year, there are always intriguing presentations that push the students and the audience beyond the routine, with titles like: “Narcissism Among Corrections Officers,” “The Effects of Generalized Anxiety Disorder on Marital Satisfac-tion,” and “Slavery and the Bible.”

The 2010 event was held on May 18-19, with 264 pre-sentations and performances by EWU undergraduates. Out of those research presentations, the following four stood out for their scientific value and pertinence to present and future issues and problems. These projects all address health issues: treatments for Alzheimer’s and cancer, an ergonomic program to prevent musculoskeletal disorders, and a natural method for removing lead from river water.

STUDENTS CONDUCT STANDOUT RESEARCHPictured above are some of the students featured in the Standout Research section on the opposite page, from left to right: Mellissa Apperson, Marcus Annable, Travis Denton (faculty mentor), Steven McDaniel, Samantha Modderman.

Swelling numbers of student researchers at this year’s event

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An investigation towards the development of the next generation of Alzheimer’s drugsAUTHORS: MARCUS ANNABLE, STEVEN W. MCDANIEL, TODD T. TALLEY AND PALMER TAYLOR

Faculty Mentor: Travis Denton, Chemistry and Biochemistry

Over 5 million people in the United States are currently suffering from Alzheimer’s disease (AD). There are four medications that have been approved for treating AD, and three of them focus on the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase. Recently, a pharmacological surrogate to the alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), the acetylcholine binding protein, was discovered. This protein is currently being used as a high through-put screening tool for compounds targeting the alpha-7 nAChR. The focus of this project is developing a synthetic strategy for the preparation of a class of compounds that resemble nicotine to treat AD. Further aims are identifying and refining characteristics of the molecules by employing medicinal chemical strategies, including molecular modeling and toxicology assays. The results of these endeavors will be discussed.

Towards the treatment of cancer: Polyamides and polyamines as gene delivery agentsAUTHOR: WHITNEY PINCHES

Faculty Mentor: Travis Denton, Chemistry and Biochemistry

The American Cancer Society estimated 1,479,350 cancer cases and 562,430 cancer-related deaths will occur in 2010 in the U.S. Consequently, 67 percent of gene therapy clinical trials are aimed toward the treatment of cancer. Although effective therapeutic genes have been developed, the drawback to gene therapy is the transport agent used to deliver the genetic material. Polyamides and polyamines have been strategically developed for the use as gene delivery agents. To be an effective non-viral therapeutic agent, polymers must be non-toxic to cells, condense genetic material and be consumed by cells. Results of recently prepared polyamides and polyamines as gene delivery agents will be discussed.

Method for implementing a participatory ergonomics program to reduce risk of Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) in the grocery industryAUTHOR: SAMANTHA MODDERMAN

Faculty Mentor: Daniel Anton, Physical Therapy

Therapy Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) are common among grocery workers due to the nature of their work. Lifting heavy loads and repetitive awkward postures place increased stress on joints and muscles. Participatory ergonomics programs are effective in reducing the risk of work-related MSDs. These programs have shown benefits among manufacturing workers but have not been tested among grocery workers. The purpose of this study was to implement and evaluate the effectiveness of a participatory ergonomics program for grocery workers. A two-group pre-post test trial was conducted at two grocery stores. The safety committee at one store received education in participatory ergonomics, and the other store acted as a control, receiving no education. Demographic and health survey information was collected at both stores along with videotape of specific grocery store tasks. Tasks were analyzed with ergonomic assessment methods. Methods of the study will be presented, since the results are pending.

Lemna minor can remove high and low concentrations of lead from river waterAUTHORS: MELISSA APPERSON, NATHAN LEWIS AND TAYLOR STOLL

Faculty Mentors: Suzanne Schwab and Justin Bastow, Biology

In the current study, we assess if Lemna minor (duckweed) and Spirogyra (live algae) are effective at reducing lead concentrations in river water. In order to test for the biosorption (i.e. biological absorption) of lead, Spirogyra and L. minor, were used in combination with a lead solution of one liter of river water mixed with 1.5 grams of lead acetate. Three different amounts of this mixture were added to 18 glass containers each. Water was taken from the Spokane River in Spokane Valley and a tributary to the Spokane River located in Marshall, Wash. Spirogyra and L. minor were each added to 36 of the glass containers. The remaining 18 were control, which allow for comparing to be done between each group. Lead levels were recorded again after one week. The results showed that L. minor had a significant effect on the uptake of lead and was better at removing lead from the water than Spirogyra. Spirogyra was only significant in the uptake of lead at the intermediate value.

A selection of outstanding undergraduate research

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2010 STUDENT RESEARCH ANDCREATIVE WORKS SYMPOSIUM

SELECTED FACULTYPUBLICATIONS

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ARTS, HUMANITIES AND EDUCATION

Carnegie, Teena A. M. “Interface as Exordium: the Rhetoric of Interactivity,” Computers and Composition, 2009, 26:3. pp. 164-173.

—with Abell, J. “Information, Architecture, and Hybridity: The Changing Discourse of the Public Library.” Technical Communication Quarterly, 2009, 18: 3. pp. 242-258.

Hammermeister, J.J. Cornerstones of coaching: The building blocks of success for sport coaches and teams. Cooper Publishing Group: Traverse City, Mich., 2009.

— with Pickering, T., Hammermeister, J.J., Ohlson, C.J., Holliday, B. and Ulmer, G. “An exploratory investigation of relationships among mental skills and resilience in Warrior Transition Unit cadre members.” Military Medicine, 2010, 175(4), 213-219.

— with Von Guenthner, S., Hammermeister, J.J., Burton, D. and Keller, L.: “Testing the ‘Better Mousetrap:’ an exploratory examination of a periodized mental skills training program for elite cross country skiers.” Journal of Sport Behavior, 2010, 33(1), 4-24.

— with Ebbeck, V., Cardinal, B., Watkins, P., Hammermeister, J.J., and Concepcion, R. “Muscle dysmorphia symptoms and their relationship to self-concept and negative affect among college recreational exercisers,” Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 2009, 21(3), 1-14.

Hathaway, Nancy: solo exhibition at MAC Gallery, Moses Lake Museum & Art Center, Moses Lake, Wash., July 16-Aug. 13, 2010; two person exhibition at Kathrin Cawein Gallery of Art, Pacific University, Forest Grove, Ore., Aug. 31-Sept. 24, 2010.

Johnson, M. K., Carnegie, Teena A. M. and Nardone, C. F. Technical Communication as Problem Solving. (online) Kendall Hunt, 2010.

Lindholdt, Paul: “Theodore Winthrop (Sept. 22, 1828 – June 10, 1861),” in Early American Nature Writers: A Biographical Encyclopedia — “Magpie in the Window,” in Memoir (http://memoirjournal.squarespace.com) — “Genius Loci” in Sewanee Review (http://www.sewanee.edu/sewanee_review), winter 2010.

MacMullan, Terrance Habits of Whiteness: A Pragmatist Reconstruction. Indiana University Press, 2009.

Marinucci, Mimi. Feminism is Queer: The Intimate Connection between Queer and Feminist Theory. Zed Books, 2010.

—”Knowledge as Kennenlernen: Subjectivity, Pluralism and Intimacy,” in Social Epistemology, October–December 2010, vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 301–311.

—”There’s Something Queer About The Onion,” The Onion and Philosophy, edited by Sharon Kaye, Open Court, 2010.

—”What’s Wrong with Porn?” in Porn – Philosophy for Everyone: How to Think with Kink, Dave Monroe, ed. Wiley-Blackwell, 2010.

—”Why You Can’t Front on Facebook,” in Facebook and Philosophy: What’s on Your Mind?, edited by D. E. Wittkower, Open Court, 2010.

Toor, Rachel: Personal Record: A Love Affair with Running, University of Nebraska Press. 2010.

— “The Rise of the Pre-College Industry” in The Business of Higher Education, David J. Siegel and John C. Knapp, eds., Praeger, 2009.

Smith, Grant: “A Semiotic Theory of Names.” Onoma 41, 2010.

BUSINESS AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

Aiken, Damon and Campbell, Richard, “Exploring the Relationship between Brand Personality and Geographic Personality: Consumer Perceptions of Sport Teams and Cities,” Advances in Consumer Research. 2010.

Cauley, Fattaneh and Whitney, Keith: “Technologies Across Our Curriculum: A Study of Technology Integration in the Classroom,” Journal of Education for Business, 2009, 85: 114-118.

Chen, Guo-ming, Jian, Yin, Zhou, Duanning and Zhang, Dong “A New Method for Steganalysis Techniques: IKLDA,” ACTA Electronica Sinica (in Chinese), August 2009.

Djatej, Arsen, Zhou, Duanning, McGonigle, Bill and Sarikas, Robert: “Impact of In-depth Exposure of Database Knowledge to Accounting Students: an Empirical Study,” Global Education Journal, November 2009.

Dowd, Joe and Murff, Beth “Utility Accounting System Change during Increasing Competition: An Application of Discriminant Analysis,” American Journal of Business Research, 2008.

Eagle, David, Senteney, David, Kiefer, Dean and Djatej, Arsen: “The Real Options Solution to a Cost-of-Capital Dilemma,” Journal of Business and Economics Research, February 2010.

— with Djatej, Arsen, Sarikas, Robert and Senteney, David: “The Rationality of Index Investing and Paradoxes of Indexation,” Investment Management and Financial Innovations, 2009, vol. 6, issue 4.

» DISCOVER E19ewu.edu/DiscoverE

Fuller, Rex; Waronska, Agnieszka; and Zeis, Charles. “Value Added Program Assessment Using Nationally Standardized Tests: Insights Into Internal Validity Issues” Journal of the Academy of Business and Economics, January 2009.

Jones, Scott and Boush, David “Integrating Experience, Advertising and Electronic Word of Mouth” Journal of Internet Commerce. 2009.

Joost de Bruijn, Erik and Yokozawa, Kodo “International Transfer of Kaizen: A Conceptual Research Model,” presented and published in the June Conference of the Europe Operations Management Association (EurOMA) in Goteborg, Sweden.

— “The use(lessness) of online quizzes for achieving student learning,” International Journal of Information and Operations Management Education, 3(2).

— “Common factors in the withdrawal of European aircraft manufacturers from the regional aircraft market,” Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, January 2010, vol. 22, no. 1.

Luton, Larry “Administrative ‘interpretation’ as policymaking: An abuse of discretion by presidential administrations,” Administrative Theory & Praxis, December 2009.

McGinty, Robert: “Human Resources Underutilized: The Plight of Women on Campus!” Contemporary Issues in Education Research,. February 2010.

McGonigle, Bill and Djatej, Arsen: “The Optimal Level of Budgetary Goal Difficulty: An Experimental Study,” International Journal of Managerial and Financial Accounting, 2010.

Shervais, Steve, Kramer, Patricia, Westaway, Shawn, Cox, Nancy and Zwick, Martin: “Reconstructability Analysis as a Tool for Identifying Gene-Gene Interactions in Studies of Human Diseases,” Statistical Applications in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Berkeley Electronic Press, 2010.

Steenhuis, Harm-Jan, Grinder, Brian and Joost de Bruijn, Erik: “Measuring Student Learning Over Time with Clickers in an Introductory Operations Management Course.” The International Journal of Information and Operations Management Education, 2009, vol. 3, no. 1.

Teague, Bruce: “A Narrative Analysis of Idea Initiation in the Republic of Tea,” EN:TER, 1:1 2010.

Winchell, Dick: “So Close Yet So Far Away: American Academics on the Similarities and Differences Between the United States and Canada Following the International Canadian Studies Institute,” American Review of Canadian Studies, 2009.

Zhou, Duanning and Wei Huang, Wayne “Using a Fuzzy Classification Approach to Assess E-Commerce Web Sites: An Empirical Investigation,” ACM Transactions on Internet Technology, July 2009.

NATURAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES

Cizmar, E., Zvyagin, S. A., Beyer, R., Uhlarz, M., Ozerov, M., Skourski, Y., Manson, J. L Schlueter, J. A., Wosnitza, J. “Magnetic properties of the quasi-two-dimensional S = 1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnet [Cu(pyz)2(HF2)]PF6.” Phys. Rev. B, 2010, 81, 064422.

Coomes, J. :Taking and Creating Time: Leadership’s Role in Preparing Future Mathematics Teachers. Leadership Information 8(3). School Information and Research Service, 2009.

— with McDuffie, A.: Affecting Students’ Ways of Knowing Mathematics. MathAMATYC Educator 1(1). 2009.

DiMarco, Art “Effective Use of the AMSA Nerve Block” Dimensions of Dental Hygiene Journal, July 2010.

— Local Anesthesia for Dental Professionals, Pearson Publishing Company, 2010.

Finlay, J.C., Doucette, R.R. and McNeely, C. “Tracing energy flow in stream food webs using stable isotopes of hydrogen,” Freshwater Biology, 2010, 55: 941-951.

Frost, J.H, Coomes, J., Lindeblad, K.: Collaborating to improve students’ transitions from high school mathematics to college: Characteristics and outcomes of a cross-sector professional development project. NASSP Bulletin, 2009, 93(4).

Fuller, D.; Pimentel, J.T. and Peregoy, B.: Applied Anatomy and Physiology of Speech and Hearing.  Baltimore, Md. Lippincott, Williams & Wilkens, fall 2010.

Herting, G., Barber, K., Zappala, M.R., Cunningham R.P. and Burgis, N.E. –Quantitative in vitro and in vivo characterization of the human P32T mutant ITPase. Biochim Biophys Acta.- Molecular Basis for Disease, 2010, 1802(2): 269-274.

Huson, A. J., Cutler, N. P. and Koh, M. S. “Image Recognition of a 2D Marker to Control a Virtual Object in 3D,” Proc. of National Conference on Undergraduate Research (NCUR 2010), Missoula, Mont., April 2010.

Jackson, Robbie: An “Essential Functions” Rubric Requires Analyses of Individual Attributes and Core Competencies, Horner, J., Schwartz, I., Jackson, R., Johnstone, P.,Mulligan, M. Roberts, K., Sohlberg, M.  Journal of Allied Health, May 2009.

Lee, Hyung Sook : Elementary preservice teachers’ area conceptions involving the notion of perimeter. In Swars, S. L., Stinson, D. W., and Lemon-Smith, S. (Eds.), Proceedings of the 31st Annual Meeting of the North American Chapter of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education (Vol. 5, p. 569-576) [CD-ROM]. Atlanta, Ga., Georgia State University, 2009.

— with Baldwin, J. T., Radosavljevic, A.: p is not pizza: Variables from grade 3 to 13. In D. Berlin & A. White (Eds.), Promising Practices to Meet Global Challenges in Science and Mathematics Education, 2010, (pp. 113-128). Columbus, Ohio.

Manson, J. L.   K. H. Stone, Southerland* H. I., Lancaster, T., Steele, A. J., Blundell, S. J., Pratt, F. L., Baker, P. J., McDonald, R. D., Sengupta, P. , Singleton, J., Goddard, P. A., Lee, C., Whangbo, M-H, Warter* M.L., Mielke, C.H., Stephens, P.W. “Characterization of the antiferromagnetism in Ag(pyz)2(S2O8) (pyz = pyrazine) with a two-dimensional square lattice of Ag2+ ions.” J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 4590.

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— with Lancaster, T., Blundell, S.J., Qiu, Y., Singleton, J., Sengupta, P., Pratt, F.L., Kang, J., Lee, C., Whangbo, M-H: “Spin fluctuations and orbital ordering in quasi-one-dimensional alpha-Cu(dca)2(pyz) {dca = dicyanamide = [N(CN)2]-, pyz = pyrazine}, a molecular analog of KCuF3.” Polyhed. 2010, 29, 514. (Young Investigator Special Issue).

Nievergelt, Yves : “Why {L}agrange Multipliers with Extreme Magnitudes Give Extrema of Definite Hermitian Forms on Quadric Surfaces,” SIAM Journal on Matrix Analysis and Applications. 2009,31, 13 November, 1303-1328.

— “Median Spheres: Theory, Algorithms, Applications” Numerische Mathematik, 2010, February, 114, 4, 573-606.

Pimentel, Jane: “Contextual thematic group treatment for individuals with dementia,” Neurophysiology and Neurogenic Speech and Language Disorders, Dec. 19, 2009; 135-141.

— with Algeo, D. Effects of environmental props on communication in aphasia group therapy. Gerontology, July 2009, 14, 12-18.

Pozzolo, A. and Pimentel, J. Reliability of the conversational interaction coding form when applied to natural conversation of individuals with aphasia. Neurophysiology and Neurogenic Speech and Language Disorders, December 2010.

Raymond, Kenneth W. – General, Organic and Biological Chemistry, An Integrated Approach, 3rd edition, John Wiley and Sons, January 2010; ISBN 978-0-470-50476-5

Richter, D.C., Loendorf, W. R. “Development of an Interdisciplinary Service-Learning Pilot Project Incorporating Universal Design Concepts for ADA Compliance,” Proceedings of American Society of Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition, June 2009.

— “Actions Taken and Changes Made to Become More Competitive,” Proceedings of the American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE) Conference, Louisville, Ky., June 20-23, 2010.

— “The Social, Economic, and Political Impact of Technology: An Historical Perspective,” Proceedings of the American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE) Conference, Louisville, Ky., June 20-23, 2010.

— with Geyer, T. “Promoting Technological Literacy by Utilizing Pictures and Recreated Artifacts,” Proceedings of the American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE) Conference, Louisville, Ky., June 20-23, 2010.

Schlueter, J.A., Southerland, H. I. *, Twamley, B., Funk K. A.*, Lancaster, T., Blundell, S. J. , Pratt, F. L., Baker, P. J. , Singleton, J. , McDonald, R. , Goddard, P. A., Sengupta, P., Batista, C. D. Ding, L., Cox, S., Lee, C., Whangbo, M.-H., Baines, C., Trial.,D.: Journal Amer. Chem. Soc., 2009, 131, 6733. Article is featured on the front cover of JACS (issue #19), 2009.

— with McDonald, R.D., Singleton, J. “Crystal structure and antiferromagnetic ordering of quasi-2D [Cu(HF2)(pyz)2]TaF6 (pyz = pyrazine) Low Temp. Phys. 2010, 159, 15.

Steiner, W.E., Katz, B.B., Harkins, J.B., Chiem, N., Witkowski, C.E., Norris, J.L.: Tuning in to the Low Molecular Weight Proteome, 2009, An Application Paper for Harkins, J.B., Pastor, S.J., Osucha, P., Hafeman, D.G., Witkowski, C.E., Norris, J.L., Analytical Chemistry, 2008, 80, 2734-2743.

Stolberg, Rebecca and Bilich, Lisa “Fighting Caries One Patient at a Time” Dimensions of Dental Hygiene Journal, July 2010.

Talarico, C.: Evaluating Power Consumption of Embedded SoC Designs: A Unified Hardware-Software Framework. Lambert Academic Publishing, 2009.

— with Koh, Min-sung and Rodriguez-Marek, E.:“A Multidisciplinary Undergraduate Project Implementing a Robotic Arm for the Artificial Insemination of Endangered Amphibian Species,” Proc. of the 2009 ASEE annual Conf. and Exposition, Austin, Texas, June 2009.

— with Wagner, J. R., Huson, A.J., Cutler, N.P., Niehenke, D.R., and Koh, M. S. “Seeing and Interacting with Sound: Oscillo-Tube Science Exhibit,” Proc. National Conference on Undergraduate Research (NCUR 2010), Missoula, Mont., April 2010.

SOCIAL SCIENCES AND SOCIAL WORK

Guillory, R. M., Retention strategies for American Indian/Alaska Native college students. Journal of Developmental Education, winter, 2009, 33(2), 12-21.

Jackson, N. C. Substance abuse and misuse among older adults: Risks, treatment, prevention, and future directions. In G. W. Lawson & A. W. Lawson (Eds.), Alcoholism and substance abuse in diverse populations, Rockville, Md., Aspen Publishers. 2009.

Kissling, Elizabeth: Representations of the Menstrual Cycle: Special Issue of Women’s Studies: An Interdisciplinary Journal (Editor, with Chris Bobel), 2010

Klyukanov, Igor: Translation of “The Interesting,” by M. Epstein. Qui Parle. Critical Humanities and Social Sciences, Fall/Winter 2009, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 75-88.

Mackelprang, R.W. and Salsgiver, R.O. Disability: A Diversity Model Approach in Human Service Practice, Chicago, Lyceum Books (2nd Edition), 2009.

— with Clute, Mary Ann: “Access for All: Universal Design and the Employment of People With Disabilities,” Journal of Social Work in Disability & Rehabilitation, 2009, 8 (3/4). pp. 205-221.

— “Culturally Competent Social Work Practice with Disabled Persons.”In D. Lum (Ed.). Culturally Competent Practice: A Framework for Understanding Diverse Groups and Justice Issues, 2010, chapter 16.

Shields, P. In G. Pallaver (Ed.), Against objections: Politics, communication and philosophy. Festschrift for Jörg Becker. Berlin: Springer Verlag.

— ICTs and the European Union’s evolving border surveillance architecture: A critical assessment. Observatorio (OBS*) Journal, 2010, 4(1): 255-288.

— Surveillance, information technology and the reconfiguring of U.S. borders. Peace Review: Journal of Social Justice, 2009, 21(3): 385-94.

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GRANTSBY THE NUMBERS

Total dollar amount for 2009-2010 funded grants

2009 -2010

$13,516,043.64Total number of faculty grantees

Total number of grants for…

46Highest dollar amount for a single grant

$2,895,078.00

361317

1410

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