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Chapter 1 1

The Internet and Its

Uses

Working at a Small-to-Medium Business or ISP

Chapter 1

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Objectives Describe how the Internet is evolving and the various ways that

businesses are using the Internet.

Describe the importance of standards in the continuing growth ofthe Internet.

Describe the purpose of an ISP and the services that it offers.

Describe the hierarchical structure of the Internet and thepurpose of the Point of Presence (POP) and the InternetExchange Point (IXP).

Identify the types of devices used in by the ISP to provide

services and describe the importance of scalability in the ISPnetwork.

Describe the various network support teams that work at an ISPand the roles and responsibilities of each one.

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Internet in Business

E-commerce

business over the web

online shopping, Ebay, etc.

Communication

email, IM, VoIP

Collaboration & Training

document sharing

remote work environment

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Standards and the Internet

Standards

set of rules how something must be done

makes it possible for different devices to send informationover the Internet

RFC (Request for Comments)

Records each step of a standard development

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Internet Connectivity Options

Dial-up

Inexpensive

Uses phone with a modem

Slowest connection (56kbps)

Cable

Offered by cable TV

Cable modem separates signals

Faster connection (512 kbps)

Satellite

128512 kbps depending on service

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Internet Connectivity Options

DSL (Digital Subscriber Line)

More expensive than dial up

Faster connectivity

Uses phone line with continuous connection DSL modem separates signals

ADSL (Asymmetric)

Suitable for the home user

Download speed faster than upload

SDSL (Symmetric)

Suitable for small-to-medium business

Upload and download speeds the same

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Bandwidth Connections

T1

can transmit up to 1.544 Mbps

symmetrical

E1 (European)

can transmit at 2.048 Mbps

T3

can transmit up to 45 Mbps

used for larger businesses with more employees

E3 (European)can transmit at 34.368 Mbps

MetroEthernet

used by large companies with many branches in the same city

can transmit up to 10 Gbps

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Internet Hierarchy

ISP POPs connect to either a

IXP (Internet Exchange Point)

or

NAP (Network Access Point)

Over 100 points worldwide

Fiber used to connect the Internet backbone

also can run under the sea

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ISP Tiers Tier 1

Huge organizations that connect with each other

Span several continents

Tier 2

Pay Tier 1 to carry traffic across continents

Tier 3

Most major cities

Provides customer with local Internet access

Pays Tiers 1 & 2 for their services

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Devices Used for ISPs to Communicate

Access Devices

DSLAM (DSL Access Multiplexer)

CMTS (Cable Modem Termination System)

Modems

Border Gateway Routers

Enable ISP to connect to another ISP

Servers

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ISP Responsibilities

Customer Service

Planning & Provisioning

helps determine whether customer needs new or can useexisting hardware

On-site

which equipment needs to be installed

NOC (Network Operating Center)

monitors and tests connectivity

Help Desk

notifies customer when circuit is ready for operation

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Summary Businesses use the Internet for e-commerce,

communications, collaboration, and training.

Internetworking standards ensure that all devicesconnecting to the Internet use the same set of rules.

All Internet connections are made through an InternetService Provider (ISP).

Multiple ISPs join together at an Internet ExchangePoint (IXP) to gain access to each others networks.

ISPs must provide a reliable and scalable network. ISP organizations are composed of many teams

offering a range of support services.

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