Discuss it with HIGH VOLTAGE ENGINEERING High Voltage Engineering stands out as the group to talk to when a problem involving the application of accelerator radiations is on the agenda. High Voltage Engineering and Applied Radiation Corporation have unparalleled experience in this field. Accelerator applications today include:, ELECTRONS AND X-RAYS FOR: Radiation sterilization of medical and surgical ma- terials * Preservation of foods a Radiation- cross- linking of plastic film and wire a Initiation of chemical reactions * Modification of semiconductors \- * X-ray therapy N Radiography of castings, weld- ments, reactor components or solid fuel rocket engines * Fundamental chemical, biologieal and nuclear research. POSITIVE IONS AND NEUTRONS FOR: Rapid, sensitive analysis by neutron activation * Materials evaluation, environmental simulation, solid state physics, wear and corrosion studies * Reactor engineering, pulsed sources for subcritical reactors and; shielding studies * Neutron cross- sections * Physics research and teaching. Reliability from experience with more than 250 particle accelerators in the field. * HIIGH VOL.TAGE: ]OE:G INRBE: RING * BU3FLrI rC , bMASSACnIUSEBTT 13. U8. A. I APPLIED RADIATION CORPORATION * HIGH VOLTAGE ENGINEERING (EUROPA) N.V.
Transcript
Discuss it withHIGH VOLTAGE ENGINEERINGHigh Voltage Engineering stands out as the group totalk to when a problem involving the application ofaccelerator radiations is on the agenda. High VoltageEngineering and Applied Radiation Corporationhave unparalleled experience in this field. Acceleratorapplications today include:,ELECTRONS AND X-RAYS FOR:
Radiation sterilization of medical and surgical ma-terials * Preservation of foods a Radiation- cross-linking of plastic film and wire a Initiation ofchemical reactions * Modification of semiconductors \-* X-ray therapy N Radiography of castings, weld-ments, reactor components or solid fuel rocketengines * Fundamental chemical, biologieal andnuclear research.
POSITIVE IONS AND NEUTRONS FOR:Rapid, sensitive analysis by neutron activation* Materials evaluation, environmental simulation,solid state physics, wear and corrosion studies* Reactor engineering, pulsed sources for subcriticalreactors and; shielding studies * Neutron cross-sections * Physics research and teaching.
Reliability from experience with more than 250 particle accelerators in the field.
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*BU3FLrI rC , bMASSACnIUSEBTT 13.U8. A.
I APPLIED RADIATION CORPORATION* HIGH VOLTAGE ENGINEERING (EUROPA) N.V.
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SCIENCE, VOL. 1341956
Applications are being received forthe 1962-63 Sigma Delta Epsilon grant-in-aid to women in science. The award,presented by the Graduate Women'sScientific Fraternity, is available to anywoman who holds a degree and hasdemonstrated outstanding ability in oneof the mathematical, physical, or bio-logical sciences. Preference will beshown to applicants 35 years of age orolder. The $500 stipend may be appliedeither directly to the research projector to relevant course work. Deadline:1 February 1962. (Erma S. Vander-zant, Dept. of Biochemistry and Nutri-tion, Texas A&M College, CollegeStation)
Applications are being accepted forthe Edwin Leigh Newcomb awards inpharmacognosy. Three awards of $250each will be presented, on the basis ofessays or published papers, to an un-dergraduate student; a graduate stu-dent; and a teacher, research worker,or industrial scientist. Papers must con-tain some new information ascertainedfrom studies made by the contestant,and must be principally within thefields of morphologic, taxonomic, phys-iologic, cytogenetic, or commercialpharmacognosy; or in drug plant cul-tivation. Phytochemical aspects of thework may be included in conjunctionwith one or more of the previouslymentioned fields. Deadline: I February1962. (H. W. Youngken, Massachu-setts College of Pharmacy, 179 Long-wood Ave., Boston 15)
Scientists in the News
Biological Abstracts has announcedthe following appointments:
Phyllis V. Parkins, assistant directorfor editorial affairs.
Robert R. Gulick, assistant directorfor administrative and business affairs.
William C. Hoida, research coordi-nator.
Recent awards of the AmericanChemical Society:
J. R. Partington, professor emeritusof Queen Mary College in London, re-ceived the 6th annual Dexter award forhis work in the history of chemistry.
Melvin Mooney, retired U.S. Rub-ber Company scientist, will receive the1962 Charles Goodyear medal for hisdevelopment of the Mooney viscometerand for his work on the physics ofrubber.
Seibert Q. Duntley, research physi-cist and director of the visibility labora-tory of the UJhiversity of" California'sScripps Institution of Oceanography, hasreceived the 1961 Frederic Ives Medalof the Optical Society of America.
Harold Mayfield, of Toledo, Ohio,has received the Brewster memorialaward of the American Ornithologists'Union for his 1960 monograph, TheKirtland's Warbler.
P. S. Gill, director of the GulmargCosmic Ray Research Laboratory inKashmir, India, and head of the phys-ics department at the University of Ali-garh, has been appointed 1961-62 vis-iting professor of physics at WashingtonState University.
Edward L. Criscuolo, a technologistin industrial radiography at the U.S.Naval Ordnance Laboratory, has re-ceived the 1961 Coolidge award of theSociety of Nondestructive Testing forhis work in industrial x-ray.
Lysle H. Peterson, professor of phys-iology at the University of PennsylvaniaSchool of Medicine, has been namedthe first director of the university'sBockus Research Institute.
E. F. Knipling, director of the U.S.Department of Agriculture's ento-mology research division in Beltsville,Md., has won the first distinguishedservice award of Ford Farming maga-zine and the 1961 John Scott awardof the Entomological Society ofAmerica. Knipling shared the Scottaward with R. C. Bushland, livestockinsects investigations leader in theUSDA's entomology division at Kerr-ville, Texas.
Robert H. Luce has resigned afterserving 17 years as head of biology atRensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Hewill continue as a professor in the de-partment. Roland Walker, professor ofbiology, has been pamed acting chair-man of the department.
Julius London, associate professor ofmeteorology at New York' University,has been named professor of astrogeo-physics at the University of Colorado.
Wolf Vishniac, associate professor ofmicrobiology at Yale University, hasbeen appointed professor of biology atthe University of Rochester (N.Y.).
15 DECEMBER 1961
Recent Deaths
Charles L. Crockett, 63; chief chem-ist for the Norfolk and Western Rail-way since 1946; 28 Nov.
Frederick C. Fishback, 63; surgeonand clinical associate professor ofsurgery at Georgetown University; 23Nov.
Walter G. Flood; independent metal-lurgy consultant in Washington, D.C.;27 Nov.
George Halperin, 80; physician andeditor of the medical abstract sectionof the Journal of the American MedicalAssociation; 7 Nov.
William A. Hamor, 74; retired seniordirector of research at the MellonInstitute; 23 Nov.
Horace J. Harper, 65; soils special-ist at Ataturk University in Erzarum,Turkey, for the International Coopera-tion Administration, and former pro-fessor of soils at Oklahoma State Uni-versity for 36 years; 8 Nov.
A. Langseth, 66; professor of chem-istry at the University of Copenhagen;20 Oct.
Horace N. Lee, 71; retired researchmicroscopist and wood and paper tech-nologist; 12 Oct.
Peter Payson, 63; assistant directorof research for Crucible Steel Companyin Pittsburgh, Pa.; 26 Nov.
Francis B. Stewart, 63; chemist withthe Chemical Warfare Service in BattleCreek, Mich.; 27 Nov.
Clyde C. Taylor, 49; fishery biol-ogist at the U.S. Bureau of Commer-cial Fisheries' biological laboratory inLa Jolla, Calif.; 9 Nov.
Victor Tinderholt, 39; Drosophilageneticist with the City of Hope Med-ical Center's department of geneticsin Duarte, Calif.; 21 Nov.
Joseph E. Willetts, 101; ophthalmol-ogist and founder of the Eye, Ear, Nose,and Throat Hospital in Pittsburgh, Pa.;27 Nov.
Erratum: In the announcement of the scholar-ships at German Institutions [Science 134, 462(18 Aug. 1961)], the address for the HumboldtFoundation was listed incorrectly. The addressshould have been Alexander von HumboldtStiftung, Nassestrasse lla, Bonn, Germany.Erratum: In the report, "Cytogenetic behavior
of a knobbed chromosome 10 in maize," by G. Y.Kikudome [Science 134, 1006 (6 Oct. 1961)],two errors occur in the counts for family 61:36for the R:r ratio in Table 1 (line 2, columns2 and 4). The number of R kernels is 1338, not1388; the total number of R and r kernels is2718, not 2178.
Erratuni: In the announcement on iodine-125[Science 134, 1605 (17 Nov. 1961)], Oak RidgeNational Laboratory was erroneously reported tobe producing the isotope for $1 per millicurie.The Atomic Energy Commission has not author-ized a change in the laboratory's price of iodine-125, which remains at $15 per millicurie.
1973
their effect on health, but none seemedmore important to Sigerist than geog-raphy and economics. Recognizing that"medical theories always represent oneaspect -of the general civilization of aperiod," Sigerist concluded that "in or-der to understand them fully we mustbe familiar with the other manifestationsof that civilization. ..." The historyof medicine then could be written suc-cessfully only when placed in its socialand cultural context. It is this ap-proach which marked the contributionsof Sigerist to a field of history that isalmost as old as the practice of medi-cine itself.As originally conceived, volume 2
was to deal with Greek, Indian, andPersian medicine in their totality. Butat the time of his death Sigerist hadbrought to completion only materialdealing with the early periods. Of thesethe section on Persia suffers most, forancient Persia made little contributionto the development of medicine. Thescholar can regret that the study didnot reach the 10th and 11th centuriesof the modern era, the period duringwhich Persian civilization flourished un-der the influence of Islam and in whichPersian medicine reached its zenith.Surely Sigerist would have provided in-teresting insights into the problems sur-rounding the relations between society,religion, and medicine during this im-portant period in Middle Eastern his-tory.The organization of the remaining
sections follows the system adopted inthe first volume; thus a chapter is de-voted to the "setting" of ancient Indiaand another to the early Indus civiliza-tion. The lengthy chapter, "Life in theGreek city-states," provides an excel-lent study of the place of medicine andhygiene in early Greek society.
Sigerist was aware of the importanceof religious and philosophic trends inthe development of medical thought andpractice; and setting the medicine ofancient India alongside that of an-cient Greece brings into sharp contrastthe relatively advanced empirical andrational content of the latter as com-pared to the religious spirit of theformer.
This volume was edited and broughtthrough publication by Ludwig Edel-stein and Miriam Drabkin; they alsoshare responsibility for the excellentchoice of illustrations.
EVERETT MENDELSOHNCommittee on History of Science,Harvard University, Cambridge15 DECEMBER 1961
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Fundamentals of Scientific Mathematics.George E. Owen. Johns Hopkins Press,Baltimore, Md., 1961. 284 pp. Illus. $5.
Geology of the Atlantic and Gulf Coast-al Province of North America. Grover E.Murray. Harper, New York, 1961. 709pp. Illus. $24.
Graphics. John T. Rule and Steven A.Coons. McGraw-Hill, New York, 1961.491 pp. Illus. $8.95.Handbook of Automation, Computation,
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Experimental Methods. pt. 1, A. F. Dono-van and H. R. Lawrence, Eds.; pts. 2 and3, F. E. Goddard, Ed.; pt. 4, R. R. Gil-ruth, Ed. Princeton Univ. Press, Prince-ton, N.J., 1961. 992 pp. Illus. $22.50.
Industrial Water Treatment Practice. P.Hamer, J. Jackson and E. F. Thurston,Eds. Butterworths, Washington, D.C.,1961. 529 pp. Illus. $16.50.
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Reports on Progress in Physics. vol. 24.A. C. Stickland, Ed. Inst. of Physics andPhysical Society, London, 1961. 424 pp.Illus.
Semimicro Qualitative Analysis. A non-hydrogen sulfide system. Jacob Cornog.Houghton Mifflin, Boston, Mass., 1961.253 pp. Illus. $5.
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Synthesis of Optimum Control Systems.Sheldon S. L. Chang. McGraw-Hill, NewYork, 1961. 393 pp. Illus. $11.75.
Synthetic Methods of Organic Chemis-try. vol. 15. W. Theilheimer, Ed. Karger,Basel, Switzerland; Interscience, NewYork, 1961. 696 pp. Illus. $46.75.
Ultraviolet and Visible AbsorptionSpectra. Index for 1955-1959. Herbert M.Hershenson. Academic Press, New York,1961. 148 pp. $8.
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Applied Elasticity. John Prescott. Dover,New York, 1961. 666 pp. Illus. $2.95.
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1977
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surrounding each animal. This delicateinterplay between the organism, micro-environment, and macroenvironmentwas also shown to affect differentiationin other organisms. The second paperreported apparent rhythmicities ofsexual differentiation and stressed thepossible role of intrinsic as well as ex-trinsic factors in controlling these de-velopmental phenomena.
During the last day of the sympo-sium papers were presented on regen-eration and budding. It seemed espe-cially fitting that such papers should begiven because hydra were the first ani-mals in which these two processes werestudied. The symposium reports em-phasized a chemical approach to theseproblems. One line of attack involvedstudy of the effects of chemical agentson regeneration. Interestingly, it wasproposed that the vitamin lipoic acidexerts its inhibitory effects on regen-eration by inhibiting DPN-malic dehy-drogenase. Next, the control of regen-eration, growth, and cell migrationwere discussed in relation to postulatedgrowth-stimulating and growth-inhibit-ing factors. Finally, the finding of ahigh DNA to protein ratio in buds ascompared to the parent hydra was dis-cussed in relation to cell growth.One of the most refreshing aspects
of this meeting was the espirit de corpsgenerated among all those who tookpart. The participants were as follows:P. Broberg, R. Bryden, A. Burnett, G.Chapman, D. Claybrook. S. Crowell,R. Eakin. D. Fawcett, C. Fulton, G.Gauthier, T. Goreau. C. Hand, A.Hess, E. Kline, C. Lane, H. Lenhoff,Y. Li, W. Loomis, P. Lunger, C. Lytle,G. Mackie, E. Martin, L. Muscatine,E. Palincsar, H. Park, L. Passano, J.Phillips, D. Ross, D. Slautterback, D.Spangenberg, B. Strehler, S. Wain-wright, E. Wangersky, J. Welsh, andR. Wood.The proceedings and discussions of
the symposium are being published bythe University of Miami Press.
Forthcoming Events
December
26-31. American Assoc. for the Ad-vancement of Science, annual. Denver,Colo. (R. L. Taylor, AAAS, 1515 Massa-chusetts Ave., NW, Washington 5)
The following 45 meetings are beingheld in conjunction with the AAAS an-nual meeting.AAAS Cooperative Committee on the
Teaching of Science and Mathematics
(J. R. Mayor, AAAS, 1515 MassachusettsAve., NW, Washington, D.C.). 27 Dec.AAAS Southwestern and Rocky Moun-
tain Div. (M. G. Anderson, New MexicoState Univ., University Park). 26-30 Dec.Academy Conf. (J. G. Arnold, Jr.,
Loyola Univ., New Orleans, La.). 27-28Dec.
Alpha Epsilon Delta (N. F. Witt, Univ.of Colorado, Boulder). 28-29 Dec.
American Astronautical Soc. (M. Pitkin,Martin-Denver Co.. Denver, Colo.). 28-29Dec.
American Astronomical Soc. (H. J.Smith. Yale Observatory, 135 ProspectSt., New Haven, Conn.). 26-30 Dec.American Economic Assoc. (K. E.
Boulding, Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor).26 Dec.
American Educational Research Assoc.(D. D. Feder, San Francisco State Col-lege, San Francisco, Calif.). 30 Dec.American Nature Study Soc. (S. G.
Baldwin, Danville, Ill.). 27-30 Dec.American Physiological Soc. (R. E.
Smith, Univ. of California. Los Angeles).29 Dec.American Political Science Assoc. (J.
Korbel. Social Science Foundation, Univ.of Denver. Denver, Colo.). 27 Dec.American Psychiatric Assoc. (D. A.
Hamburg. Stanford Medical Center, PaloAlto. Calif.). 27 Dec.American Soc. of Criminology (G. H.
Barker. Dept. of Sociology, Univ. ofColorado. Boulder). 29-30 Dec.
American Soc. of Naturalists (E. W.Caspari, Univ. of Rochester, Rochester,N.Y.). 27 Dec.
American Soc. of Zoologists (R. L.Watterson, Univ. of Illinois, Urbana). 27-30 Dec.
American Sociological Assoc. (C.Taeuber. Bureau of the Census. Wash-ington. D.C.) 29 Dec.
American Statistical Assoc. (J. A. Nied-erjohn. Ideal Cement Co., Denver, Colo.).29-30 Dec.
Association of American Geographers(M. J. Loeffler. Univ. of Colorado. Den-ver). 26-28 Dec.
Association for Computing Machinery(W. F. Cahill, Goddard Space FlightCenter. Greenbelt. Md.). 28 Dec.
Beta Beta Beta Biological Soc. (Mrs.F. G. Brooks, Box 515 Ansonia Station.New York 23). 26-27 Dec.BIO (Biomedical Information-Process-
ing Organization) (R. S. Ledley, Nat].Biomedical Research Foundation, SilverSpring, Md.). 27 Dec.
Biometric Society, WNAR (F. Graybill.Statistical Laboratory, Colorado StateUniv.. Fort Collins). 28 Dec.Committee on Desert and Arid Zones
Research, Southwestern and Rocky MouLn-tain Div. of AAAS (T. L. Smiley. Univ.of Arizona. Tucson). 30 Dec.
Conference on Scientific Communication(C. D. Leake, Ohio State Univ., Colum-bus). 30 Dec.
Ecological Soc. of America (R. S. Mil-ler, Univ. of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon.Canada). 27-29 Dec.
Institute of Management Sciences (M.M. Flood, Mental Health Research Inst.,Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor). 29 Dec.
SCIENCE, VOL. 134
AAAS Symposium Volume 63
CONGENITAL HEART DISEASEAllen D. Bass and Gordon
K. Moe, Editors June 1960Presented at the AAAS Washington meeting,
December 1958.372 pp., 147 ilkLis., references,
index $7.50AAAS members' cash orders $6.50The recent spectacular advances in car-diac surgery have resulted from the in-timate and fruitful collaboration of thesurgeons with embryologists, pathol-ogists, internists, pediatricians, physiol-ogists, and engineers. The present vol-ume summarizes the current status ofknowledge of congenital heart disease,ranging from the experimental pro-duction of developmental anomalies,through the morphoaogy and pathologicphysiology, to the diagnosis and surgicalrepair of congenital lesions, and includesan introductory chapter by the dean ofcardiac embryologists, Professor BradleyM. Patten.
British Agents: Bailey Bros. & Swinfen, Ltd.Hyde House, W. Central St.London W.C.1, England
American Association for theAdvancement of Science
1515 Massachusetts Ave., NW,Washington 5, D.C.
Precise traversing and measurementwith the microscope
The M4005 microscope was orig-inally designed to meet the needs ofnuclear physicists who are concernedwith the microscopy of charged parti-cles in photographic emulsions. How-ever, this instrument's facilities forprecise positioning and measurementof the object are of special advantagealso in the general fields of planimetryand high-power microspectrophotom-etry.
Fitted to a "universal" stand suitedfor use in all techniques of microscopyis a special ball-bearing stage, the topplate of which moves in either x or yaxes with a "noise", or chatter, of lessthan 0.2 microns. Micrometers actuatethe motions and these can be read toone micron.
This M4005 stand possesses a trulylinear fine motion of unique accuracywhich will measure depth in incre-ments of less than one micron, this ac-curacy of reading being maintainedthroughout the whole range of itsmotion.
A speed procedure for areaanalyses and particle counts
In these routine quantitative proce-dures involving the microscope, speed
and efficiency are major factors. Oper-ator fatigue in this exacting work is animportant consideration. It can resulton the one hand in substantial inaccu-racies or, if allowed for in planning thetests (with expense here also a consid-eration), may compromise results bylimiting the number of samples ex-amined.
Improved conditions for recordingcounts can be obtained by use of theCooke Point and Particle Counter. Aspecial mechanical stage is designed tomove the object through a series offixed intervals, the stage being con-nected electrically with a counter unitof standard type. Thus, in an areaanalysis of a micro-section 20x30 mm.with stage intervals 0.1 mm. apart andtraverses 1 mm. apart, a total of 6000points would be semi-automatically re-corded. Up to twelve points per sec-ond can be recorded, but there will bedelays as the counter unit is switchedto count a different constituent orgrain.
The instrument may also be usedmanually for speedy routine countingand sizing work. It is shown here withthe Cooke Universal Polarizing Micro-scope, set up for the area analysis of amineralogical specimen.
Biologists polarizing microscope
Many biological objects such asnerve, muscle, many plant fibres, etc.,are moderately or even strongly bi-refringent. These objects can be stud-ied with an ordinary polarizing micro-scope. Some specimens, however, par-ticularly dividing cells, show only veryweak bi-refringence. In order to studythese specialized equipment is neces-sary. Very perfect extinction must beobtained and a special elliptic com-pensator employed.
In the Cooke Biologists Polarizingmicroscope a special A/20 mica platecompensator is built into the substage,capable of rotation by an extendedarm against an arc graduated from0-120°, with a vemier reading intenths of a degree. Special high-extinc-tion polars are fitted to the microscopestand. With this equipment it is pos-sible to measure with reasonable accu-racy retardations down to A/1500(3.3A°) and to detect them down toA/3000 (1.7A'). The mica plate com-pensator can be swung out of theoptical train, allowing normal exam-ination and measurement techniqueswhen these are desired.
Biological Metallurgical * Polarizing - MICROSCOPES - Student * Routine * Research * Special Research
Philosophy of Science Assoc. (C. W.Churchman, Univ. of California, Berkeley).29 Dec.
Scientific Research Soc. of America (D.B. Prentice, 51 Prospect St., New Haven,Conn.). 29 Dec.
Sigma Delta Epsilon (Miss E. B. Thur-man, Natl. Institutes of Health, Bethesda,Md.). 28 Dec.
Society for General Systems Research(R. L. Meier, Univ. of Michigan, AnnArbor). 29 Dec.
Society for Industrial and Applied Math-ematics (D. L. Thomsen, Jr., I.B.M. Corp.,White Plains, N.Y.). 29 Dec.
Society of Protozoologists (N. D. Le-vine, College of Veterinary Medicine,Univ. of Illinois, Urbana). 27-30 Dec.
Society of the Sigma Xi (T. T. Holme,
CHFMTRAC CORPORATI/O130 ALEWIFE BROOK PARKWAY CAMBRIDGE 40, MASS. UN 4-9347
1992
51 Prospect St., Yale Univ., New Haven,Conn.). 29 Dec.
Society of Systematic Zoology (C. F.Lytle, Tulane Univ, New Orleans, La.).27-30 Dec.Tau Beta Pi Assoc. (R. H. Nagel, Univ.
of Tennessee, Knoxville). 29 Dec.United Chapters of Phi Beta Kappa (C.
Billman, 1811 Q St., NW, Washington9). 29 Dec.
27-29. American Economic Assoc.,New York. N.Y. (J. W. Bell, AEA, North-western Univ., Evanston, 111.)
27-29. American Folklore Soc., Cincin-nati, Ohio. (T. P. Coffin, 10 Bennett Hall,Univ. of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 4, Pa.)
27-29. American Geophysical Union,1st western natl., Los Angeles, Calif. (A.N. Sayre, U.S. Geological Survey, Wash-ington 25)
27-29. American Physical Soc., LosAngeles, Calif. (K. K. Darrow, 538 W.120 St., New York 27)
27-29. Western Soc. of Naturalists. Eu-gene, Ore. (I. A. Abbott, Hopkins MarineStation, Pacific Grove. Calif.)
27-30. InstituLte of Mathematical Sta-tistics, annual, New York, N.Y. (D. C.Riley, American Statistical Assoc., 1757K St., NW, Washington 6)
28-29. American Chemical Soc., Div. ofIndustrial and Engineering Chemistry.Newark, Del. (Scientific Liaison Office.Natl. Research Council, Sussex Dr., Otta-wa, Canada)
28-29. Linguistic Soc. of America, an-nual. Chicago, Ill. (A. A. Hill, Box 7790University Station, Austin 12, Texas)
28-29. Northwest Scientific Assoc., Spo-kane. Wash. (E. J. Larrison, Univ. ofIdaho, Moscow)
28-30. Archaeological Inst. of America,Detroit, Mich. (L. A. Campbell, 5 Wash-ington Square N.. New York 3)
28-30. Phi Delta Kappa, Bloomington,Ind. (R. S. Merkel, Indiana Central Col-lege, Indianapolis 27)
January2-3. California Assoc. of Chemistry
Teachers, San LuLis Obispo, Calif. (R.Major, 1736 N. Sierra Bonita Ave., Holly-wood 46, Calif.)
8-12. International Heat Transfer Conf.,Institution of Mechanical Engineers,London, England. (Secretary, IME, 1 Bird-cage Walk, Westminster. London, S.W. 1.England)
8-12. Society of Automotive Engineers,annual. Detroit, Mich. (R. W. Crory, SAE,485 Lexington Ave., New York 17, N.Y.)
8-13. Central Treaty Organization, Roleof Science in NaturKal Resources, Lahore,Pakistan. (Office of Intern. Conferences,Dept. of State. Washington 25)
9-11. Reliability and Quality Control,8th natl. symp.. Institute of Radio Engi-neers and American Inst. of ElectricalEngineers, Washington. D.C. (ScientificLiaison Office, Natl. Research Council,Sussex Dr., Ottawa, Ont., Canada)
9-12. Radioactive Isotopes in ClinicalMedicine and Research, 2nd symp., BadGastein, Austria. (R. Hofer, Garnisongasse13, Vienna IX, Austria)
9-19. Synoptic Meteorology Code Prob-lems, World Meteorological Organization,
23. Conference on Cardiac and VascularSurgery, New York Heart Assoc., NewYork, N.Y. (R. Ober, NYHA, 10 Colum-bus Circle, New York 19)
23-25. American Soc. of Safety Engi-neers, Philadelphia, Pa. (A. C. Blackman,5 N. Wabash Ave., Chicago 2, Ill.)
23-25. Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2ndAsiatic congr., Calcutta, India. (S. Mitra,4 Chowringhee Terrace, Calcutta 20)
24-26. Mathematical Assoc. of America,45th annual, Cincinnati, Ohio. (H. M.Gehman, Univ. of Buffalo, Buffalo, N.Y.)
24-26. Thermophysical Properties,symp., American Soc. of Mechanical Engi-neers, Princeton, N.J. (E. F. Lype, ASME,c/o Thompson Ramo Wooldridge, 23555Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio)
24-27. Americanw Physical Soc., annual,New York, N.Y. (K. K. Darrow, 538 W.120 St., New York 27)25-26. Western Spectroscopy Assoc., 9th
annual, Pacific Grove, Calif. (D. G. Rea,WSA, Univ. of California Space SciencesLaboratory, Berkeley 4)
25-27. Western Soc. for Clinical Re-search, 15th annual, Carmel-by-the-Sea,Calif. (H. R. Warner, WSCR, Latter-daySaints Hospital, Dept. of Physiology, SaltLake City 3, Utah)
26-29. Man and Civilization: Control ofthe Mind-Il, San Francisco, Calif. (S. M.Farber, Univ. of California San FranciscoMedical Center, San Francisco 22)
28-3. American Inst. of Electrical Engi-neers, New York, N.Y. (R. S. Gardner,AIEE, 33 W. 39 St., New York 18)
28-3. Pan American Assoc. ofOphthalmology, interim congr., Lima,Peru. (J. M. McLean, 525 E. 68 St., NewYork 21)
29-30. Carbohydrates, Cellulose, andCellulose Industries, symp., Council ofScientific and Industrial Research,
New ProductsThe information reported here is obtainied from
manufacturers and from other sources consideredto be reliable. Neither Science nor the writer as-sumnes responzsibility for the accuracy of the in-formnationi. All inquiries concerning items listedshould be addressed to the manufacturer. In-clutde the departmenit number in your inquiry.
Microbalance (Fig. 1), manufacturedby Sartorius-Werke (Germany), is a
self-balancing instrument with electri-cal indication. The beam of the balanceconsists of two quartz arms fused ontoa quartz ring. The ring carries a wirecoil wound on its inside surface, andis suspended by platinum-iridium tor-sion wires that also serve as currentleads to the coil. The coil surrounds a
cross-magnetized ceramic magnet thatsupports another coil through which a
480-kcy/ sec current flows. When thebalance is at equilibrium, the beam coilis not exposed to the high-frequencyfield. If the beam deviates from theequilibrium position because of a weightchange, a 480-kc/sec signal is inducedin the beam coil. This is used as an
error signal to generate a counteractingcurrent that is applied to the beam coilto return the coil to its equilibrium posi-tion. The counter torque is proportionalto the current that produces it, so thatthe latter is a measure of the torqueacting on the beam. At maximum sen-
sitivity, 1 pta is equivalent to 1 lug.The object to be weighed is placed
on a small pan or suspended by wirefrom a hook on the stirrup. Preliminaryzeroing is achieved by adjusting a
counterweight that compensates for thatportion of the sample weight in excess
of the selected range. Final correctionis made by dials controlling the torsionwire.
Stability of the balance depends on
Ahmedabad, India. (Director, AhmedabadTextile Industry Research Assoc.,Ahmedabad-9)(See issue of I December for comprehensive list)
SCIENCE, VOL. 134
GERM PLASMRESOURCESAAAS SymposiumVolume No. 66
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394 pages, 59 illustrationsIndex, Cloth, April 1961.
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the temperature constancy of the coremagnet. The latter has a temperaturecoefficient of 10' per degree Centi-grade, so the temperature of the beamhousing must be kept constant. Othertemperature effects occur in both thestandard and the vacuum models. Thelatter permits operation under vacuumor controlled atmospheric conditions. Inthis model, the entire mechanism iscontained inside a glass body that willhold a vacuum of 10- to 10'0 mm-Hg.Eight ranges are provided from 0-100jug (smallest division 0.001 mg) to 0-20mg (smallest division 0.2 mg). An indi-vidual balance covers seven of the eightranges. Load capacity is 1 g. (BrinkmanInstruments, Inc., Dept. Sci498, 115Cutter Mill Rd., Great Neck, N.Y.)
Dielectric constant and dissipationfactor of solids or liquids are measuredby this instrument. A probe, essentiallya guarded capacitor, forms one leg of abridge; a variable capacitor forms thecomplementary leg. In operation, adielectric material is placed in the fieldof the probe. If the bridge is not bal-anced, a signal appears at the input ofthe instrument's amplifier. The signalpath is split in the amplifier so that twophase discriminators may be driven. A90-deg lag is introduced into the di-electric-constant discriminator. By re-solving the unbalance signal into twocomponents, one in phase and one inquadrature with the reference signal, itis possible to indicate, on separate nullmeters, which control the operator mustadjust to obtain bridge balance. Thedielectric constant and dissipation fac-tor are read directly from the controls.A flat probe for solid samples and
a corrosion-resistant probe for liquidsamples are available. Dielectric-con-stant range is 1.0 to 12.0 with accuracysaid to be ±5 percent. Dissipation-factor range is 0 to 0.15 and accuracy+(5 percent + 0.001). (Delsen Corp.,Dept. Sci500, 719 West Broadway,Glendale, Calif.)
Calorimeter controller is a thermistor-actuated system consisting of the neces-sary power supply, bridge circuit, am-plifiers, relays, electric water heater,and valves for the automatic additionof hot and cold water to adjust andcontrol calorimeter jacket temperatures.It can be used with old or new modelsof the manufacturer's adiabatic calorim-eters if minor changes are made in thewater connections. Temperature is saidto be maintained to within +0.01°C ofthe bucket temperature throughout the
15 DECEMBER 1961
It's easier, safer to buy reagents in Fisher PolyPacs. You just storea PolyPac until needed, then quickly convert it into a sealed, on-the-shelf dispenser using special pour-spout cap. No need totransfer reagents; no chance for contamination; no deposits, noreturns. Fisher's PolyPac is a five-gallon polyethylene bottle insturdy, ICC-approved cardboard carton-pounds lighterthan bulky,expensive carboy it replaces. Among the many liquid reagentsavailable in PolyPacs are formaldehydes, hydrochloric acids, sul-furic acids, buffer solutions. Obtain all the facts from your Fisherbranch, and ask about getting other reagents in PolyPacs. J-189
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test period except for momentary vari-ations of not more than 0.10C duringperiods of rapid temperature rise. Astainless-steel thermistor probe in thecalorimeter jacket and another in thebucket are held adjacent to the cus-tomary mercurial thermometer to sensetemperature equality.
Temperature differences are utilizedthrough a Wheatstone-bridge circuitand a photoelectric galvanometer toactuate solenoid valves that add hotand cold water in variable amounts. Hotand cold water are added alternatelyin small amounts when the galvanom-eter beam moves on and off the photocell. When a rapid rhange in tempera-ture occurs, as in a bomb calorimeterimmediately after firing, the wide swingof the light beam strikes a second photo-cell and actuates full flow of hot water.The equipment permits manual controlat any time. The hot water reservoir ismade an integral part of the con-troller system, and flow lines are keptas short as possible to keep lags small.(Parr Instrument Co., Dept. Sci487,211 53 St., Moline, Ill.)
Time-lapse cinemicrography appara-tus is built into and on a steel desk. Itincludes the following major compo-nents: camera with drive, timing unit,and observation eyepiece; light source;antivibration mount. The 16-mm cam-era is equipped with a 400-ft magazine.The light source combines a tungsten-filament source for viewing with avariable-intensity xenon flash lamp forexposures of less than 10-' sec. Thecamera is driven through a quick-change gear box that provides eightrates from 1/4 to 32 frames per minute.The intensity of the xenon flash can bevaried over a range of about 600 with-out alteration of its color value. Alarge incubator enclosure providedwith a thermostatically controlled heatsource maintains materials under ob-servation at constant temperaturesfrom ambient to 40°C. (Sage Instru-ments, Inc., Dept. Sci488, 9 Bank St.,White Plains, N.Y.)
Calibration-transfer standard is anac-dc voltage and current measuringinstrument containing a three-dial po-tentiometer, light beam galvanometer,volt box, hermetically sealed oil-filledshunt box, standard cell, ac-dc trans-fer element, and switching circuits.Direct-reading limit of error is said tobe ±0.06 percent for ac and ±0.05percent for dc. Application of correc-tion factors permits increased accuracy.
1996
Voltage range is up to 1500 v, currentis 15 amp, and ac frequency is 20 cyto 50 kcy/sec. Adapters permit fre-quency range increase to 50 Mcy/sec.(Radio Frequency Laboratories, Inc.,Dept. Sci480, Powerville Rd., Boon-ton, N.J.)
Instrument heating units are designedto maintain exact temperatures forvarious electronic control devices. Per-formance and control characteristicsdepend upon the desired operationalfunctions. Controlled temperatures upto 500°F are available with power re-quirements ranging from 1/5 to 3watt/ in2 of exposed oven surface.(Spec-Heating, Inc., Dept. Sci478,13942 Saticoy St., Van Nuys, Calif.)
Signal-actuated voice recorder is de-signed to record a message and at thesame time maintain an automatic logof the time and date that the messageoriginated. The recording medium is¼/4-in. magnetic tape operating at aspeed of 5/8 in./sec to provide con-tinuous operation for 251/2 hours with-out changing reels. At this speed, re-sponse within 6 db is obtained over thefrequency range 300 to 2600 cy/sec.Recording begins within 10 msec aftera voice signal is detected. (Litton In-dustries, Dept. Sci438, 6601 RomaineSt., Hollywood 38, Calif.)
Low-power microscope features zoomoptics to provide continuous magnifica-tion from 10 to 30x. The instrumentmaintains constant focus throughoutpower change adjustments. Field ofview is 0.420 in. at lOX and 0.240 in.at 30X. A cross-line reticle is supplied,and a choice of two measuring reticlesis available. Direct readings are possibleat all magnifications without need forinterpolation. Folding tripod legs areprovided for convenient transport andstorage. (Bausch & Lomb, Inc., Dept.Sci447, Rochester 2, N.Y.)
Ruby rods for optional-maser appli-cations are available in sizes that willyield cylinders 1/2 in. in diameter and8 in. long, or 3/8 in. in diameter and12-in long. The boules are 0.04-percentchrome doped and oriented with C-axis perpendicular to the cylinder axis.Growing cycle is 42 hr, and annealingcycle 120 hr. (Adolph Meller Co.,Dept. Sci479, P.O. Box 6001, Provi-dence, R.I.)
JOSHUA STERNNational Bureau of Standards,Washington, D.C.
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