Diseases and

Injuries

Let’s find out

What are some common diseases and their symptoms?

How do infectious diseases infected?How can we prevent the spread of diseases?What are the steps to take when we are bitten

or stung by insects or animals?What are the steps to take when we are

injured?

DiseaseA disease is an illness that affects our health and prevents us from functioning normally. There are many types of diseases. Some are serious and may be infectious.

Communicable disease

This disease can be passed from one person to another.

• Common cold• Influenza• Chicken pox and

measles• Etc.

Common ColdCommon cold is the most common infectious disease in humans.It is spread when an infected person sneezes and cough into the air and the air is breathed in by other personSymptoms:• Runny nose• Sneezing• Coughing• Headache• Fever• Muscle pain

InfluenzaContagious disease caused by a virus that mainly affect the respiratory systemInfluenza is commonly called flu.Flu is contagious. It is transmitted when an infected person sneezes or cough into the air and the air is breathed in by other person.Symptoms:• Muscle ache• Headache and high

fever

Chicken pox and measles

It is spread through contact the bodily fluids of an infected person.Chicken pox is contagious illness that caused a red itchy rash on the skin.

Measles caused high fever, runny nose and red eyes before a red rash develops on the whole body.

Non Communicable DiseaseA non-communicable disease, or NCD, is a medical condition or disease, which by definition is non-infectious and non-transmissible among people. NCDs may be chronic diseases of long duration and slow progression, or they may result in more rapid death such as some types of sudden stroke.

• Diabetes• Obesity• Cancer• Alzheimer• Hypertension• Etc.

Recall!

• What is disease?• What is communicable disease?• What are the examples of communicable

disease?• What is Non Communicable Disease?• Give example

Diseases caused by animals

Diseases can be spread by animals such as:

• Mosquitoes• Birds• Cats and dogs

Spread of dengue and malaria by mosquitoes

Prevent Breeding of mosquitoesWater in potted plants and

clogged drains must be drained to prevent mosquitoes from laying their egg.

Prevent being bitten by mosquitoesUse insect repellents and

mosquitoes nets. Wearing long sleeve shirts and long pants may help too.

Short trivia

Bird FluLike human beings, birds suffer from flu too. Infected birds can transmit bird flu to human beings. However, an infected person cannot transmit the disease to another person.Symptoms:• Fever• Eye infection• Tiredness and muscle ache• Sore throat and cough

Spread of diseases by cats and dogsSick pets such as cats and dogs should be placed under the care of veterinarians. Parasites which infect dogs and cats can also infect humans. Parasites cause diseases in living thing they infect.Symptoms of disease varied but the more common symptoms include fever, diarrhea, stomach pain and flu-like symptoms such as sore throat and muscle ache.

Immunization

Immunization, or immunisation, is the process by which an individual's immune system becomes fortified against an agent (known as the immunogen).