7/23/2019 Disposal of Radioctive Waste

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/disposal-of-radioctive-waste 1/19

Disposal of

radioactive wasteSubmitted by:-

• Stavan Rathod•

 Benniz Boban.• Anurag Sharma.• armada• Shruti Bharati.•

 Shubham !hochare.• "ithali "adhu. 

7/23/2019 Disposal of Radioctive Waste

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/disposal-of-radioctive-waste 2/19

Content:#. $ntroduction.%. &ypes of Radioactive waste.

'. "anagement of Radioactive (aste.). "anagement of *igh +evel (aste.,. Storage and Disposal of used fuel and *+(

waste.. oncept of /0A.

7/23/2019 Disposal of Radioctive Waste

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/disposal-of-radioctive-waste 3/19

$ntroduction &o Radioactive waste:

• Radioactive wastes arethe leftovers from the useof nuclear materials forthe production of

electricity, diagnosis andtreatment of disease, andother purposes.

 

•

 Department of Energycontrols over radioactiveactivities.

7/23/2019 Disposal of Radioctive Waste

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/disposal-of-radioctive-waste 4/19

FEDERA

LA

E!C"E#

• Environmental $rotection

Agency:%

•

 Department &f 'ransportation:%

• Department &f (ealth And(uman #evices

7/23/2019 Disposal of Radioctive Waste

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/disposal-of-radioctive-waste 5/19

RAD"&

AC '")

E

*A

#'E+A

!A

E+E

!'

 !uclear power is the only large%scaleenergy%producing technology which taesfull responsi-ility for all its wastes and

fully costs this into the product.

 'he amount of radioactive wastes is verysmall relative to wastes produced -y fossilfuel electricity generation.

7/23/2019 Disposal of Radioctive Waste

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/disposal-of-radioctive-waste 6/19

 sed nuclear fuel may -e treated as aresource or simply as a waste.

 !uclear wastes are neither particularlyha/ardous nor hard to manage relative to otherto0ic industrial wastes.

 #afe methods for the 1nal disposal of high%level radioactive waste are technically proven2

the international consensus is that this should-e geological disposal.

7/23/2019 Disposal of Radioctive Waste

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/disposal-of-radioctive-waste 7/19

 'ypes &f *aste:

  E0empt *aste.

  Low Level *aste.

  "ntermediate Level *aste.

 

(igh Level *aste.

7/23/2019 Disposal of Radioctive Waste

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/disposal-of-radioctive-waste 8/19

/1empt +evel (aste

•  #ource:

  Dismantling &perations on!uclear industrial sites.

• Consist &f:Concrete, plaster, 3rics etc.

• +ethod of Disposal:

  Disposed with Domestic refuse.

7/23/2019 Disposal of Radioctive Waste

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/disposal-of-radioctive-waste 9/19

+ow +evel (aste

• #ource:

  (ospitals and "ndustry.

• Consist &f:

  $aper, Rags, 'ools..etc

• +ethod &f Disposal:

  Disposed "n a land1ll with

other ar-age.

7/23/2019 Disposal of Radioctive Waste

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/disposal-of-radioctive-waste 10/19

  $ntermediate +evel (aste

• #ource:

  &ntario $ower eneration4CA!D reactors5.

• Consist &f:

  Chemical #ludges, +etal fuelCladding, and Contaminantsfrom Reactors.

• +ethod of disposal:

  #olidi1ed in concrete. 

7/23/2019 Disposal of Radioctive Waste

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/disposal-of-radioctive-waste 11/19

*igh +evel (aste

• #ource:

  3urning of ranium fuel ina !uclear reactor.

•

 Consist of:  Fission products and

 'ransuranic Elements.

• +ethod of Disposal:

  Converting intoimpenetra-le su-stance.

7/23/2019 Disposal of Radioctive Waste

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/disposal-of-radioctive-waste 12/19

  "anaging *igh +evel waste

 Reprocess (L*:

#ources:

  sed fuel waste fromreactors.

Consist &f:

  (ighly radioactive 1ssionproducts, 'ransuranicElements.

 +ethods &f Disposal:

  Conversion to vitri1edwaste.

 nprocessed (L*:

 #ources:

  sed fuel waste fromreactors.

 Consist &f:

  (ighly Radioactive1ssion products.

 +ethods &f Disposal:

  #tore in encapsulatedcylinders for 67 years.

7/23/2019 Disposal of Radioctive Waste

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/disposal-of-radioctive-waste 13/19

7/23/2019 Disposal of Radioctive Waste

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/disposal-of-radioctive-waste 14/19

#torage and Disposal ofsed Fuel and (L* *aste

Amount of *aste $roduced:

  8,97,777 tonnes.

#torage site:  #torage $onds.

7/23/2019 Disposal of Radioctive Waste

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/disposal-of-radioctive-waste 15/19

 'hese pools are ro-ust constructions made of thicreinforced concrete with steel liners. $onds at reactorsare often designed to hold all the used fuel for the life ofthe reactor.

 &ne common system is for sealed steel cass or multi%purpose canisters 4+$Cs5 each holding a-out ;7 fuelassem-lies with inert gas. Cass< +$Cs may -e usedalso for transporting and eventual disposal of the usedfuel.

7/23/2019 Disposal of Radioctive Waste

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/disposal-of-radioctive-waste 16/19

Steps &a2en by /nvironmental0rotection Agency

 E$A=s role in radioactivewaste management is to set4develop and issue5

radiation protectionstandards and to providetechnical e0pertise duringradioactive site cleanup.

7/23/2019 Disposal of Radioctive Waste

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/disposal-of-radioctive-waste 17/19

 For disposal, to ensure that no signi1cantenvironmental releases occur over tens of thousands ofyears, =multiple -arrier= geological disposal is planned.

7/23/2019 Disposal of Radioctive Waste

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/disposal-of-radioctive-waste 18/19

 #etting standards:>. E$A sets generally applica-le

radiation protection standardsfor the safe management ofradioactive waste.

8.  "n some cases, such as the.#. Department of Energy=s*aste "solation $ilot $lant and ?ucca +ountain repository,Congress has assigned E$Aresponsi-ility for setting site%speci1c standards. For *"$$,E$A also oversees D&E=s

activities and re%e0amine@s itscerti1cation of the facility=scompliance with the standardsevery years.

7/23/2019 Disposal of Radioctive Waste

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/disposal-of-radioctive-waste 19/19