Disrupting Computer Aided Engineeringon-demand.gputechconf.com/gtc-eu/2017/presentation/23113... ·...

Disrupting ComputerAided EngineeringKey Building Blocks of Accurate InteractiveEngineering Solutions

Unrestricted © Siemens AG 201710.10.2017 D. Hartmann, S. Gavranovic, P. Stelzig, T. Papadopoulos, U. WeverPage 2 Corporate Technology

Simulation is evolving from a trouble shooting tool to addingcustomer value in the form of digital twins

CAxSunriseModel

Pioneers

PLMPervasion

DigitalTwin Era

‒ Scientific experts usemodels

‒ Understanding ofphenomena

‒ Computertechnology aid inproduct design andengineering

‒ Model-basedSystems Engineering

‒ Key for communication

‒ Combining the virtual andphysical world

‒ Bridge value chains

~1985 ~2000 ~2015Timeline


Accurate Interactive Engineering SolutionsTable of content

CAE as we know it today 3

Are Interactive Tools the Future of CAE? 7

Key Building Blocks of Interactive CAE Tools 12

Interactive CAE – Experience it yourself ! 21

Interactive CAE – Conclusions 28


Computer aided engineering (CAE) solutions are a key tool in anyR&D industrial department

User Base

Today CAE solutions areused by 10-20% of

all engineers1

Computational Efficiency

Moore’s law for hardware andalgorithms have led to

exponential growth in efficiency2.

1) Whitepaper of Mentor Graphics: Democratization of CFD (link)2) SIAM Research and Education in Computational Science and Engineering (link)3) NAFEMS The NAFEMS Simulation Capability Survey 2015 (link)

Model Fidelity

Highly integrated multi-physicssimulations can accuratelypredict any phenomena3.

Bigger &more accurate Faster

Moreusers


World of engineering is transforming and computer aideddesign and engineering is facing new challenges

Need to run "bigger", "faster", and "more accurate" CAEsimulations by engineers who have less deep CAEexpertise

Democratization of CFD is indeed possible, but to get from 5-10%market penetration to 80-90% in the next 30-40 years will requiremore thinking out of the current box and probably radical rethinkingof CFD code structures with more fundamental research.3

The adoption of computer-aided engineering (CAE) is marred by complex userinterfaces, legacy codes, large capital investments and more.2

1) NAFEMS Simulation 20/20 Vision: Democratization - Accessibility (link)2) Webinar of the ASSESS Initiative (link)3) Whitepaper of Mentor Graphics: Democratization of CFD (link)

Democratization of CFD from Analyststo Designers


Today‘s complexity requires a new attitude as well asnew computer aided engineering paradigmsExample: Ideation for Additive Manufacturing (AM) along the GenePlore model1

1) T. Ward, S. Smith, R. Finke: Creative Cognition: Theory, Research, and Applications. Bradford Books. 189-21, 1996

ProductConstraints

PreinventiveExploration

andInterpretation

Focus or ExpandConceptGeneration

ofPreinventiveStructures

Simulation Experiment

We need to redesigna burner tip for AM









New innovations are driving CAE from an expert centricapproach to true democratization of CAE

Product complexity is exploding

Early analysis is getting momentum

Computational power is exploding

Democratization of CAE is taking place

Virtual reality is entering professional market

challenging

attractive

accessible

interactive

Simulation isbecoming

2000

2012

2015

2017immersive

2016

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?Interactive collaborative worlds are key to innovation


Are interactive tools the future of computer aided engineering?

Are virtual worlds suitable for conceptual mechatronic design, analysis and testing?

Tomorrow

Boost simulation inearly phases by

intuitive virtual designworlds for everyone

Today

Simulation is res-tricted to dedicatedsimulation expertsin late R&D phases

Researchquestion


Today‘s complexity requires new computer aided engineeringparadigms: Interactive Virtual Design Worlds

Meet, design and try out.Together, in virtual reality.With real physics, inside

your design.

Computer aidedcreativity instead of

computer aideddocumentation and

validation

Interactive andconcurrent physics:Immediate evaluation invirtual reality instead ofwaiting for hours classicalCAE tools to finish

Sketch 3D CADmodels in virtual

spaces instead oflengthy CAD

operations


We enhance virtual worlds from a pure visual experience to whereone can create and analyze designs by realtime solvers

Ultra-fastSolvers

Innovation BenefitEnabler

GamificationApproach

ImmersiveTechnologies

• Physics Engines Out of the box and great for 0 order

• 3D physics multigrid solver on GPUs more than 100 x faster

• Large FE usable for immediate feedback

• Realtime results for large FE models

• Latest Virtual Reality HTC Vive

• Latest Augmented Reality MS HoloLens

• Intuitive 3D display of 3D data

• Reuse for stakeholders, marketing

• Cheap HW

• Inspirations from fast moving market

• Proven concepts

• Create reuseable geometries

• Industrialization Take the best you find

• User Experience Interaction concepts

• CAD world combined with computer graphics voxel world









Ultra-fast background simulation is the key technology for the nextgeneration of virtual representation.

Highfidelity3D modelsFocus: Design & Engineering

More than 1.000.000degrees of freedom

Challenge:§ State-of-use vs. state-of-art technologies§ Established tools rely on general purpose solvers§ Exploitation of novel computing architectures

Our Innovation:§ Interactive computer aided engineering tools§ 500x faster than state-of-art solvers

Key Building Blocks:§ Efficient voxel-based discretizations§ Cut-cell methods§ Novel integration schemes§ Multi-grid solvers§ Hardware-aware algorithms

12345


Structured hexahedral discretizations (Voxels) originating fromcomputer graphics1 offer highly efficient implementations

Replace conformal elements by simplestructured elements

n Efficient implementationn Very little overhead for data-structuresn Highly efficient memory layouts possiblen Less accurate due to non-conformity

vs

1

1) C. Dick, J. Georgii, R. Westermann (2011): A Real-Time Multigrid Finite Hexahedra Method for Elasticity Simulation using CUDA (preprint)

+++-


Cut cell methods1 relying on Nitsche’s method allow to efficientlyhandle non-conforming geometries

Realize boundary conditions weakly viaNitsche’s method

Enforce Dirichlet boundary conditions via anadditional potential

where

yielding the following FEM discretization

n Little computational overheadn Accuracy close to conformal approachesn Surface integrals are difficult to evaluate efficiently

2

P. Hansbo, M. G. Larson, K. Larsson (2017) Cut Finite Element Methods for Linear Elasticity Problems (preprint)

++

-

Additional terms due to Nitsche‘s method

Cla

ssic

alap

proa

chN

itsch

em

etho

d


Voxel-based surface integration

Instead of classical methods, e.g. marching cubes,multi-level voxels are used to determine volumeintegrals. Appropriate choice of voxels n andintegration weights ensure convergence

Multi-level surface integrations allow efficient realization of cut-cellmethods on GPUs

n Fast evaluation (also on GPUs)n First order convergence

3

Dennis Hechler (2017): Voxel-basierte Cut-Cell Verfahren für lineare Elastizität. Master Thesis, U Münster

Grid Size

Abs

olut

eEr

ror

vs

One

finite

elem

ent

cell

++


Iterative matrix-free solvers

Solutions of

can be approximated iteratively by

e.g. the Jacobi scheme with

Simple iterative matrix-free solvers efficiently damphigh frequency errors

n Efficient smoothing of high frequency errorsn Slow convergence+-

)(1 ii xfx rr=+

bxULxD iirrr

+×+-=× + )(1

bxrr

=×


Geometric multi-grid method

Algorithm:

n Hierarchy of grids, starting on finest level

n Few iteration of a simple iterative scheme

n Error is restricted to the coarser grid

n On the coarsest level a direct solver is used

n Solutions are prolonged back to finest grid

Geometric multi-grid methods have an optimal complexity

n Straight forward to implementn Optimal complexity (linear in # unknowns)+

4

+


Hardware-aware solvers

Adapt algorithm and memory-layout to specifichardware architecture to exploit massive parallelism

Graphics processing units (GPU) allow additional speedup

n Interactive 3D simulations with “engineeringaccuracies”

+

5

S. Gavranovic, D. Hartmann, U Wever (2015): Topology Optimization using GPGPU, EUROGEN 2015

time (s)

erro

r

- CPU Multi-grid solver - Direct solver- GPU Multi-grid Solver

Speed up byGPU (5-10x)

Speed up by multi-grid (100x)

CPU - efficientmemory layout

GPU - efficientmemory layout


Voxel-based multi-grid methods leveraging cut cell methodsopen up the vista of interactive computational engineering

Speed up byGPU (5-10x)

5

Speed up by multi-grid(100x, optimal complexity)

4Voxel-Discretizationaccuracy

1

ConformalDiscretizationaccuracy

2 Nitsche’s Method- GPU Multi-grid solver- CPU Multi-grid solver

- Direct solver- CPU Multi-grid with Nitsche

S. Gavranovic, D. Hartmann, P. Stelzig (2017): Accurate Interactive 3D Engineering Simulations Accelerated by GPU. NAFEMS WC 2017

time (s)

erro

r

3









FEM solvercase study

Geometry FEMwith146k cells

Interactive FEMwith 1500k cells


FEM solvercase study

FEMwith146k cells


FEMwith146k cells


300xfaster

8%deviationfrom FEM


Today‘s complexity requires new computer aided engineeringparadigms: Interactive Virtual Design Worlds

Meet, design and try out.Together, in virtual reality.With real physics, inside

your design.

Computer aidedcreativity instead of

computer aideddocumentation and

validation

Interactive andconcurrent physics:Immediate evaluation invirtual reality instead ofwaiting for hours classicalCAE tools to finish

Design 3D CADmodels in virtual

spaces instead oflengthy CAD

operations


Challenge: FEM for non-experts

Interactive FEM in Virtual Reality

Interactive and concurrent physics:Immediate evaluation in virtual reality

instead of waiting for hours classical CAEtools to finish

https://git.ppmd.siemens.net/mch14260/CTIsimulation_public/blob/master/Videos/CTIsimulation.Phase3.NordicWalking_FEMinVR.mp4


Challenge: Optimal design structures within seconds

Interactive Design Assistance

Computer aided creativity instead ofcomputer aided documentation and

validation

https://git.ppmd.siemens.net/mch14260/CTIsimulation_public/blob/master/Videos/20170427IDeAsCylinderTopOpt.mp4


Challenge: Conceptual design task in a virtual world

Interactive Collaborative Spaces

Meet, design and try out. Together, invirtual reality. With real physics, inside

your design.

https://git.ppmd.siemens.net/mch14260/CTIsimulation_public/blob/master/Videos/CTIsimulation.Phase3.Demo2_NW01.mp4









Interactive simulation is not meant to replace today’s solution butto expand simulation assistance along the whole life cycle

Machines with build in simulations /digital twin to make informed

decisions autonomously

Ideation Realization Utilzation

Autonomous simulationbased design assistance

without any user inputs toboost innovative concept

designs

Established simulation toolsto validate and tune designs

https://git.ppmd.siemens.net/mch14260/CTIsimulation_public/blob/master/Videos/ar_motor.mp4


If you want to know more …

Dirk HartmannCorporate TechnologyCT RDA AUC

Phone: +49 173 2537709E-mail: [email protected]

Internetsiemens.com/corporate-technology

StefanGavranovic

PhilippStelzig

UtzWever

TheoPapadopoulos

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