DISSENT AND INDEPENDENCE

Chapter 1 Sec 2

IN THIS SECTION…THE BIG IDEA IS

Colonist are frustrated by British policies and limited rights, and begin demanding greater freedoms.Colonist begin to protest the English Kings policies. Angered by the protest, Britain increases control over the colonies.Some Colonist declare Independence while others stay loyal to the King.

LATE 1600’S AND EARLY 1700’S

England’s Parliament passed laws limiting the colonies while expanding their own economy, keeping the colonies dependent on Great Britain. This form of economy was called mercantilism.Mercantilism: a country had to sell more export more than buy import. A country also had to be self-sufficient inn raw materials.

ENGLAND BUYS AND SELLS TO THE COLONIES

Colonies are seen as a way to generate wealth for England. Colonies were not allowed to sell their raw materials to any other country but England, even if they could get a better price. If the colony did not produce anything England needed, they could not make any money anywhere else.

COLONY LIMITED ON SHIPPING BY NAVIGATION

ACTS Any items shipped must be on English ships only.

Ships taking foreign items to the Colonies were demanded to pass through England first, in order to pay taxes to the king, before shipping to the Colonies, driving up the final price for the colonies. New England Colonist begin smuggling

KING JAMES II SENDS IN HIS OWN GOVERNOR

New governor immediately levies new taxes, enforces the Navigation Acts, and attempts to take away the authority of the Puritan Church.

THE GLORIOUS REVOLUTION OF 1688 King James begins to ignore demands of

his own people. He ignores Parliament, the English Bill of Rights, and converts to Catholicism. The birth and baptism of his infant son as a catholic build fear in the English people of a Catholic Monarchy. Parliament invites James protestant daughter to come and rule. King James runs, William and Mary become King and Queen.

KING ORDERED TO HONOR

ENGLISH BILL OF RIGHTS Change of power in England without any bloodshed. Brought in a constitutional monarchy. Bill of Rights Bill of Rights: King or queen could not suspend Parliament laws, or create own courts. Could not impose taxes or create an army without consent of Parliament. Freedom of speech, impartial jury in legal cases.

WHY DO WE REALLY CARE WHAT HAPPENED IN

ENGLAND? America was a colony of England. Their policy effected American, and their way of thinking. While the turmoil is going on in England, additional turmoil is going on in America. The English Bill of Rights affected American Government.

THE ENLIGHTENMENT Influenced the thinking of American Colonist. Intellectual and cultural movement of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. “The Age of Reason.” Stressed reason, logic, criticism and freedom of thought over tradition, blind faith and superstition

WHY DON’T YOU ENLIGHTEN ME

ON THAT?

THREE INFLUENTIAL PHILOSOPHERS

OF THE ENLIGHTENMENT John Locke, Jean Jaques Rousseau, Baron de Montesquieu

JOHN LOCKE Most influential philosopher of the Declaration of Independence.(Thomas Jefferson uses his ideas) Believed right to rule came from the people. If ruler violated the rights of the people, it was justified to overthrow them.

JOHN LOCKE CONTINUED….. Natural Rights: life, liberty, property Social Contract. Social Contract: people come together to form a government. They agree to honor the governments laws, and government agreed to protect their rights.

SOCIAL CONTRACT Social Contract: people come together to form a government. They agree to honor the governments laws, and government agreed tom protect their rights.

PEOPLE BEGAN TO QUESTION

CERTAIN BELIEFS. Why must we follow a king who does not have our interest at heart? John Locke “people are born with minds like blank slates that society and education could shape for the better. (Tabula Rasa) You don’t have to be born into the nobility to be successful or a good person. All people have rights and that society can better them become core beliefs of American society.

JEAN-JAQUES ROUSSEAU

Believed in Social Contract Government would rule by the consent of people, who would make their own laws. Civilized societies were happy and unselfish. Government was to implement policies that would benefit the people. (General Welfare)

BARON DE MONTESQUIEU

Suggested three levels of power in Government Legislative, Judicial, and Executive The different branches would provide checks and balances, keeping one branch from becoming too powerful. His ideas used in Our Constitution

CHPT 1, SEC 2 CONTINUED

THE GREAT AWAKENING

A religious revival with large public meetings that stressed piety (being religious) and being born again into the faith.

BAPTIST GAIN A LARGE FOLLOWING

IN THE SOUTH Welcomed poor farmers and enslaved Africans Condemned the brutalities of slavery All men created equal before God.

MEANWHILE…IN 1740 Great Awakening in 1775, but French and Indian War starts in 1740, last 7 years. Great Britain vs. France, who enlist the Indians to help. Fighting over Ohio River Valley.

WAR LEAVES GREAT BRITAIN IN DEBT

Proclamation Act 1763: halt colonial expansion west of the Appalachians. Colonist fought war to have access to that land and are angry at King George.

KING ADDS NEW TAX POLICIES

TO PAY OFF DEBTColonist smuggle to avoid custom duties: tax on imports/exports Sugar Act of 1767: raises taxes on sugar, molasses. Also Silk, wine, coffee, indigo. Earn money to pay off war debt.Gain stronger control over colonies.

STAMP ACT Stamp Act: stamps must be bought and placed on printed materials. Newspapers, diplomas, playing cards, books and pamphlets)Colonist are outraged. Sons of Liberty: “No taxation without representation”

COLONIST IGNORE STAMP ACT

Boycott all British goods. Merchants in England suffer

loss of money. 1000’s of British lose jobs.

King rescinds the Stamp Act.

TOWNSHEND ACT New taxes added to colonist to pay off Great Britain's debt. Townshend Act: new custom duties (taxes) added to glass, lead, paper, paint, tea. Custom officers given new power to arrest smugglers. Colonist challenge authority of Great Britain.

BOSTON MASSACRE British soldiers guard customs house where colonist begin to gather and harass the soldiers. Shoving begins, snowballs are thrown, back up is called. British end up firing on crowd, 5 colonist are killed. British repeal almost all of Townshend Acts, except tax on Tea

SMUGGLING CONTINUES Colonial smugglers caught and forced back to England. Colonist view this was denied the right to a trial by their peers. Committees of Correspondence: a group who communicated with other colonies about British activities. Helped to unify the colonies in their stand against Great Britain.

BOSTON TEA PARTY Tea Act (1773): favorable terms for British East India company, making business harder for American merchants. Colonist began blocking shipments. Sons of Liberty allows delivery but dumps all tea ion harbor the night before it is to ne unloaded.

NO TAXATION WITHOUT

REPRESENTATION Protestors believed they were defending their rights. Dressed as Mohawk Indians showed they identified with America. 340 chests of British East India Company tea, weighing over 92,000 pounds (roughly 46 tons Sons of Liberty, Francis Akeley, caught and imprisoned for his participation. He was the only person.

INTOLERABLE ACTS King shuts down Boston Harbor, demanding destroyed tea be paid for. Banned town meetings, and expanded powers of King appointed Governors. Stationed 2,000 British troops in New England, forcing New Englanders to house them.

THE FIRST CONTINENTAL CONGRESS

Met in Philadelphia May, 1774. 55 delegates from 12 colonies. (Georgia abstains) Boycott all British goods, meet again in 1775 if crisis remains.

MASSACHUSETTS FORMS OWN ASSEMBLY.

In conflict with British appointed Governor. Minutemen: men trained and ready to respond with a minutes warning. Some remain loyal to the King. “Tory or Loyalist” vs. “Patriots or Whigs”

LEXINGTON AND CONCORD

General Gage, leading the British army (700 British troops) tries to take Patriot arms in Concord. Patriots discover plan, send men, including Paul Revere out to war “The British are coming.” British arrive in Lexington, with 70 minutemen waiting. No one knows who shot first, 8 minutemen dead, and 10 wounded. Revolutionary war begins.

CONCORD British head to Concord Military arms and supplies moved. 400 militiamen force retreat of British. Militia from surrounding area respond, trap British inside of Boston

2ND CONTINENTAL CONGRESS MEETS

Decide to adopt the militia as their own continental army. George Washington: 1st General and Commander of Continental Army

DECISION FOR INDEPENDENCE

Declaration of Independence: document written mostly by Thomas Jefferson dissolving all ties with Great Britain, and proclaiming themselves the “United States of America” Yorktown: last military battle of the Revolutionary War.