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Social Representations of Community Multimedia Centres in Mozambique
Dissertation presented by Sara Vannini!Supervised by Lorenzo Cantoni!
Structure
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
Research Trends
Social Representations
[Moscovici, 1961]!
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Gap Context
Research Questions
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Gap Context Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
Data Generation & Analyses
Vannini, S., Rega, I., Cantoni, L. (2013). Information and Communication Flows through Community Multimedia Centres: Perspectives from Mozambican Communities. Information Technology for Development (ITD). Pp. 1-14. !
Rega, I., Vannini, S., Fino, E., Cantoni, L. (2013). Exploring the Meanings of Community Multimedia Centers in Mozambique: A Social Representations Perspective. Information Technology and International Development (ITID), Vol. 9, Issue 4.!
Vannini, S., Rega, I., Sala, S., Cantoni, L., (accepted). Using Photo-elicitation to Explore Social Representations of Community Multimedia Centres in Mozambique. Submitted to the Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries (EJISDC).!
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
Conclusions
Context
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
telecentres
community radios
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
Research Trends
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
Public Access Venues
enthusiasm and failures
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
[Gómez, 2013; Rega, 2010]!
sustainability
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
[Best, Thakur & Kolko, 2010; Kleine, 2013]!
(financial, technical, political, social) sustainability
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
[Ali & Bailur, 2007; Bailey, 2009]!
impacts digital inclusion
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
[Sey et al., 2013]!
(still) huge investments
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
one-size-fits-all
[Unwin, 2009]!
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
Design-reality gaps
[Heeks, 2002; 2003]!
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
stronger focus on the context
[Irani, Vertesi, Dourish, Philip & Grinter, 2010; Johri & Pal, 2012; Tedre, Sutinen, Kähkönen & Kommers, 2006; Van Zyl, 2013]!
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
participatory approaches
[Gómez, 2013; Kleine & Unwin, 2009]!
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
Theoretical Framework
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
Social Representations
[Moscovici, 1961]!
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
Social Representations
[Moscovici, 1961]!
systems of values, ideas and practices,
that are shared among a given social group
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
Social Representations
enable individuals to orientate themselves and interpret their world
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
[Moscovici, 1961]!
Social Representations
enable individuals to orientate themselves and interpret their world
provide a code that enables communication among the members of a community
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
[Moscovici, 1961]!
EGO! ALTER!
OBJECT!
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
[Moscovici, 2000]!
EGO! ALTER!
OBJECT!
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
in te r-sub ject iv i ty relationship with the other and with the context to give meaning
[Billig, 1996; Byford, 2002; Moscovici, 1984; 2000; Wagner et al., 1999]!
agency and creative power of the human being are allowed
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
[Moscovici, 1961; Voelklein & Howarth, 2005]!
cogni t i ve po lyphas ia development and negotiation of social representations lead to contradictions and conflicts
[Moscovici, 1961; Voelklein & Howarth, 2005]!
agency and creative power of the human being are allowed
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
[Bauer & Gaskell, 1999; Markovà, 2003; Mauri, 2007]!
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
Emergence
[Bauer & Gaskell, 1999; Markovà, 2003; Mauri, 2007]!
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
Emergence
Stability
[Bauer & Gaskell, 1999; Markovà, 2003; Mauri, 2007]!
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
Emergence
Transformation
Stability
SRT & ICT4D
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
SRT & ICT4D
SRT & International Development
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
SRT & ICTs
inclusion of the context & different social groups
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
[Bailey & Ngwenyama, 2011; Contarello et al., 2008]!
inclusion of the context & different social groups
participatory, design-oriented approach
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
[Duarte et al., 2009; Siddique & Kagan, 2006; Winskell et al., 2011]!
inclusion of the context & different social groups
participatory, design-oriented approach fitting for rapidly evolving phenomena
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
[Fortunati & Manganelli, 2008; Sarrica, 2011]!
inclusion of the context & different social groups
participatory, design-oriented approach fitting for rapidly evolving phenomena
used to inform policy-makers and to find drivers for individual actions
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
[Araujo, 2010; Cruz & Marinho, 2012]!
Methods:
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
Methods:
mixed methods prevailing
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
Methods:
mixed methods prevailing small variety for SRT & ICT4D
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
Research Questions
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Gap Context Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
What are the social representations of Community Multimedia Centres in Mozambique according to their different stakeholders?
1.
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Gap Context Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
Is Social Representations Theory "a suitable theoretical paradigm to be employed for advancements in ICT4D?
2.
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Gap Context Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
Is the chosen research strategy suitable to assess Social Representations in ICT4D?
3.
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Gap Context Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
Participants’ Selection
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Gap Context Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
C M C s i n M o z a m b i q u e , 2 0 1 1
Morrumbene Cuamba
Ful l Access CMCs
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Gap Context Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
Chiure Chokwe Dondo
Quelimane Sussundenga Xinavane
Offline CMCs
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Gap Context Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
Chitima Ilha de Moçambique
Connected Community Radios
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Gap Context Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
Data Generation
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Gap Context Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Gap Context Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
Interview Protocol
Photo-elicitation
About the interviewee
CMC identity
CMC and the Community
Perception of CMC and ICTs
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Gap Context Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
images provide valuable information on social representations that
is not accessible otherwise
[Mamali, 2006]!
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Gap Context Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
empowering
foster participants’ reflection
decrease risk of pre-conceived responses
richer data to the researcher
[Bignante, 2010; Clark-Ibáñez, 2004; Collier, 1967; Dodman, 2003; Nemer, 2013; Uimonen, 2013; Young & Barrett, 2001]!
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Gap Context Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
empowering
foster participants’ reflection
decrease risk of pre-conceived responses
richer data to the researcher
[Bignante, 2010; Clark-Ibáñez, 2004; Collier, 1967; Dodman, 2003; Nemer, 2013; Uimonen, 2013; Young & Barrett, 2001]!
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Gap Context Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
empowering
foster participants’ reflection
decrease risk of pre-conceived responses
richer data to the researcher
[Bignante, 2010; Clark-Ibáñez, 2004; Collier, 1967; Dodman, 2003; Nemer, 2013; Uimonen, 2013; Young & Barrett, 2001]!
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Gap Context Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
empowering
foster participants’ reflection
decrease risk of pre-conceived responses
richer data to the researcher
[Bignante, 2010; Clark-Ibáñez, 2004; Collier, 1967; Dodman, 2003; Nemer, 2013; Uimonen, 2013; Young & Barrett, 2001]!
Participant-Driven Photo-Elicitation
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Gap Context Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
Photo-elicitation protocol
What do you like the most...?
What should be improved...?
What does this represent to you?
Initiating Agencies #2
Staff Members #57
Users TC + RC #95
Radio Users #72
Non-Users #8
Data Analysis
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Gap Context Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Gap Context Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
1. Photo-taxonomy 2. Deductive Content Analysis on photos-
related text [Online Communication Model]!3. Inductive Content Analysis"
[N-Vivo]!4. Automatic analysis of the reciprocal
relationships among textual units"[T-Lab]!
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Gap Context Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
1. Photo-taxonomy 2. Deductive Content Analysis on photos-
related text [Online Communication Model]!3. Inductive Content Analysis"
[N-Vivo]!4. Automatic analysis of the reciprocal
relationships among textual units"[T-Lab]!
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Gap Context Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
1. Photo-taxonomy 2. Deductive Content Analysis on photos-
related text [Online Communication Model]
3. Inductive Content Analysis"[N-Vivo]
4. Automatic analysis of the reciprocal relationships among textual units"[T-Lab]
3 Spaces
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Gap Context Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Gap Context Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
1. Photo-taxonomy 2. Deductive Content Analysis on photos-
related text [Online Communication Model]!3. Inductive Content Analysis"
[N-Vivo]!4. Automatic analysis of the reciprocal
relationships among textual units"[T-Lab]!
1. Photo-taxonomy 2. Deductive Content Analysis on photos-
related text [Online Communication Model]!3. Inductive Content Analysis"
[N-Vivo]!4. Automatic analysis of the reciprocal
relationships among textual units"[T-Lab]!
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Gap Context Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
[Cantoni & Tardini, 2006; Inversini & Cantoni, 2014; Rega, 2010]!
Services Facilities & Tools People Managing People Using
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Gap Context Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
1. Photo-taxonomy 2. Deductive Content Analysis on photos-
related text [Online Communication Model]!3. Inductive Content Analysis"
[N-Vivo]!4. Automatic analysis of the reciprocal
relationships among textual units"[T-Lab]!
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Gap Context Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Gap Context Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
Outcomes
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
RC
TC
INFORMATION, COMMUNICATION,
SOCIO-POLITICAL ROLE RC
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
local and national
participation and change
EDUTAINMENT RC
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
educational role
entertainment
LEARNING CENTRE
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Gap Context
TC
learning and job opportunities
access to ICTs (little to information)
not a voice to the outside
COPY-CENTRE
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
TC
financial support
INTERNET & its possibilities
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
RC
TC
indirect experience
BUREAUCRATIC UMBRELLA
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
RC
TC
welcoming cozy
comfortable
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
appearance
unhealthy
social-recognition self-esteem
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
passion and skills development
social recognition
Conclusions
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
What are the social representations of Community Multimedia Centres in Mozambique according to their different stakeholders?
1.
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
BUREAUCRATIC UMBRELLA
INTERNET & its possibilities
INFORMATION, COMMUNICATION,
SOCIO-POLITICAL ROLE EDUTAINMENT
LEARNING CENTRE
COPY-CENTRE
cozy
RC
TC
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
Is Social Representations Theory "a suitable theoretical paradigm to be employed for advancements in ICT4D?
2.
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
Design-Reality Gap is addressed
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
integrated view: Initiating Agencies’ expectations & Local Ownership
Design-Reality Gap is addressed
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
integrated view: Initiating Agencies’ expectations & Local Ownership
insights on appropriation and reinvention of a (new) social object
Design-Reality Gap is addressed
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
Is the chosen research strategy suitable to assess Social Representations in ICT4D?
3.
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
mixed methods allow to grab the complexity of the phenomenon
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
photo-elicitation allowed for participation and for gaining different and original insights
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
Contributions
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
about Mozambican CMCs
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
synergies between Community Radios and Telecentres?
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
Telecentres do not offer contextualized services
about Mozambican CMCs
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
Telecentres do not offer contextualized services
more advanced services!!!
about Mozambican CMCs
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
need for training Staff members
more advanced services!!!
about Mozambican CMCs
Limitations
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
photo-elicitation protocol
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
relationship “donors”-recipient bias
photo-elicitation protocol
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
only a static snapshot
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
Future Lines of Work
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
the “cool” factor and the dimension of leisure diachronic dimension the whole ecosystem of public access in Mozambique improve photo-elicitation protocol faster methods for data analysis uses for design
[Gómez & Gould, 2010; Gómez, 2011]!
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
the “cool” factor and the dimension of leisure explore the use of SRs for design
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
[see: David, Vannini, Rega & Cantoni, 2013; Van Zyl & Vannini, 2013; Aguirre, Vannini, Rega & Cantoni, 2013]!
the “cool” factor and the dimension of leisure explore the use of SRs for design
dynamic dimension to Social Representations diachronically changes for kind of PAVs influence on capabilities and
activities [Bauer & Gaskell, 1999; Maury, 2007; Markovà, 2003]!
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
the “cool” factor and the dimension of leisure explore the use of SRs for design
dynamic dimension to Social Representations diachronically changes for kind of PAVs influence on capabilities and activities [Bauer & Gaskell, 1999; Maury, 2007; Markovà, 2003]!
Conclusions Outcomes Methodology Theoretical Framework Research Trends Context
THANK YOU!