Distribution of methamphetamine and amphetamine in drug
abusers’ head hair
Sooyeun Lee , Eunyoung Han, Yonghoon Park, Hwakyung Choi, Heesun Chung Forensic Science International 2 0 0 9
NH
NH
NH
NH
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ดร.ศ�ร�รตน ช�สกุ�ลเกุร�ยง อ.ที่��ปร กุษา
The target
In the current study hair re sults collected for last thre
e years were evaluated usi ng the same statistical man
ner. The MA and AP concent rations in hair were put into
three groups and the meta-bolite to- parent drug ratios
of each group were examin ed. Furthermore, the conce
ntration ranges proposed h ere were applied to the inte
rpretation of five actual cases.
Comparisons of pubic, axillary, and head hair b y APand MAconcentrations and the ratios of A
P/MAPubic hair (n = 4 1 ) Axillary hair
- - The study of metabolite to parent drug ratios of metham- phetamine and methylenedioxymethamphet
amine in hair *Eunyoung Han , Yonghoon Park, Wonkyung Yang, Jaesin L
KKKK KKKK KKKK KKKKKK KKKKK, ,, ,
Pubic hair Axillary hair Head hair(n = 41) (n = 14) n = 2389
AP concentration (ng/mg) 0.14–8.35 (1.02) 0.22–6.58 (1.57) 0.13–13.39 (0.87) 09164781554 17655501782 051193751180MA concentration (ng/mg) . – . ( . ) . – . ( . ) . – . ( . )
/ 0 . 0 2 –0 .2 9 (0 .0 8 ) 0 .0 6 –0 .1 6 (0 .1 1 ) 0 .0 0 4 –1 .1 6 (0 .0 9 )
( ) 2 9 –5 1 (3 9 ) 2 9 –4 9 (3 9 ) 1 7 –6 9 (3 7 )
KKKKKKK KK KKKKKKKKKKK KKKKKK KKK K KKK KKKKKKK.
Overview
- Introduction - D rug abuse
- H ead hair structure
- Method
- Experiment
- Sample preparation
- GC/MS analysis
- Results and discussion
- Conclusion
Drug abuse
- M ethamphetamine (MA)
-Molecular weight :149.23 g/mol
-Melting point : 170-175 °C
- A mphetamine (AP)
-Molecular weight : 135.21 g/mol
-Melting point : 281-285 °C
Head hair structure
-Hair is constituted by fibrous proteins
- α-keratin (85-93%)
- melanins
- water (3-5%)
- lipid (1-9%)
- mineral compound (0.25-0.95%)
The duration of stages growth may influence length of hair and
density of a scalp. Hair growth varies between 0.7 and 3.6 cm/month,
a mean of 1 cm/month is generally accepted.
Method Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS)
Sample preparation
washed hair samples
cut and weighe d accurately
add in 1% HCl in methano l for 20 h at 38 ˚C
add -MA d5
andAPd
5
evaporated at4 5 C̊under N
2 gas
derivatized with 1 0 0 ml of trifluoroacetic
anhydride (TFAA)/ethyl a cetate(1:1) incubated at6 5 ˚C for 1 5 min
evaporated at4 5 C̊under N
2 gas
reconstituted i n ethanol
gas chromatography–mass spe ctrometry (GC–MS)
GC/MS analysis
GC condition
- col umn: - HP 5 MS capillary column
- injector temperature: 2 6 0 ◦C
- col umntemperature: initial temperature 100◦C( 1min) increase to 2 7 0 ◦C
ata rate of 2 0 ◦C/min to 2 7 0 ◦C( 10min)
- detector: MS analyzer (SIM mode) ; MA, m/z 154, 118, 110,91
; AP, m/z 140, 118, 91
; MA-d5, 158, 122 ; AP-d5, 144, 122
MA and AP concentrations (ng/mg) in drug ab users’ head hair (no. of cases = 2 0 7 0 ,
no. of segments 2355= )K K AP Interpretation
K KK-KKK 0 .5 0.1
KKKKKKKK KKKKK 0 .7 0.1K KKK 2 1 .0 15
K KKKK KK 0 .5 0.1
Percentile 25 42 04. .
K KKKKK 101. 0 .8
Percentile 75 2 4 .5 17.K KKKK KK 6 0 8 .9 414.
CKKKKKKKKKKKKK of K K , K K and the ratios of AP/MA of h ead hair
A. Miki [9]
MA user
E. Han [5]
MA user
No. of case 15 2389
MA concentration (ng/mg)
0.9 - 56.4 0.51 - 193.75
0.87
17.8
- Mean (ng/mg)
- Median (ng/mg)
AP concentration (ng/mg)
- Median (ng/mg)
- Mean (ng/mg)
7.2
0.1 – 3.5
0.9
11.80
0.13 – 13.39
-
0.5 -
T. Cairns [10] volunteer subjects from
drug rehabilitation programs
40
0.2 - 34.4
10.2
6.2
0.0 - 4.5
1.0
0.7
MA and AP concentrations (ng/mg) in drug ab users’ head hair (no. of cases = 2 0 7 0 ,
no. of segments 2355= )K K K K
-Cut off 0 .5 0.1
Standard error
0 .7 0.1
Mean 2 1 .015.
Minimum 0 .5 0.1Percentile25 4.2 0.4Median 101.
0.8Percentile75 24.5
1.7 Maximum 6089.414.
Low range
Medium range
High range
Distribution of AP/MA ratios.
mean
median
Interpretation of MA and AP concentrations in drug abusers’ he ad hair.
Subject Segmentno.
Hair length (cm)
Concentrations(ng/mg)
Interpretation
MA AP
A 1
1
1
1
2
1
4
3
B
C
D
E
3
3
3
3
2-9
6-12
12
3-4
1.0
5.9
2.4
1.4
124.5
6.9
3.2
12.0
0.1
0.6
0.1
0.3
5.6
1.3
0.3
0.2
medium
high
low to medium
low
low
low
low
medium
Conclusion
This evaluation was useful to provide the police with more understandable information on the presumed severity of drug use
than quantitative values only.
It could also facilitate the court’s decision regarding specific circumstances surroundi
ng the drug-related crimes.
TFA derivatives of methamphetamine,amphetamine
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