Diversity and change, national and local

our experience of using the 2011 census results

Ludi SimpsonCathie Marsh Centre for Census and Survey Research (CCSR)

University of ManchesterLudi.simpson@manchester.ac.uk;

ONS census analysis dayManchester, July 18th 2013

My involvement with the Census

www.ethnicity.ac.uk

2011 Census – the best yet2011 Census – the best yet

http://www.manchester.ac.uk/

Census Briefings

• How has ethnic diversity grown?

• More segregation or more mixing?

• Does Britain have plural cities?

• How can we count immigration and integration?

• Has neighbourhood ethnic segregation decreased?

• Who feels British? National identity

• Available at http://www.ethnicity.ac.uk/census/

• Funded by CoDE and JRF

Twitter: @EthnicityUK

1991 (9 categories) 2001 (5 headings, 16 categories) 2011 (5 headings, 18 categories)

White White: British White: British

Caribbean White: Irish White: Irish

African White: Other White: Gypsy or Irish Traveller

Other Black Mixed: White-Caribbean White: Other

Indian Mixed: White-African Mixed: White-Caribbean

Pakistani Mixed: White-Asian Mixed: White-African

Bangladeshi Mixed: Other Mixed: White-Asian

Chinese Asian: Indian Mixed: Other

Other Asian: Pakistani Asian: Indian

Asian: Bangladeshi Asian: Pakistani

Asian: Other Asian: Bangladeshi

Black: Caribbean Asian: Chinese

Black: African Asian: Other

Black: Other Black: Caribbean

Chinese or other: Chinese Black: African

Chinese or other: Other Black: Other

Other: Arab

Other: Other

Growth of ethnic minorities in England and Wales, 1991-2011

Increased ethnic diversity in England & Wales, 1991-2011

Extreme diversity in England & Wales, 2011

Area profiler www.ethnicity.ac.uk/census

Geographical spreading of ethnic minorities

Growth of minority

populations

Young adults to inner city areas

Diverse area grows from immigration and from age momentum

City boundary

Migration from city suburbs and to more rural areas , of White and minorities

Consequences: Lower %White in ethnically diverse areas White flight nor Self-segregation

ImmigrationMovement

to the suburbs

Decreased urban segregation

Growth of multiple ethnic group households

Who feels British? Not the White British! National Identity in England

Those not feeling

‘UK’ are likely to

be mostly recent

migrants

Some of the older Irish population has emigrated

Age at 2011

Contrasting measures of ‘minorities’

Forthcoming Briefings: www.ethnicity.ac.uk/census

• Employment inequalities

• Occupational class

• Educational attainment

• Health inequalities

• Housing disadvantage and overcrowding

• Household composition

• Caring

Dynamic of Diversity: Evidence from the 2011 Census

Unemployment inequalities have decreased and are still large

Aged 25-49, unemployment

Make use of census evidence

• Language – most highly prioritised by refugees for integration– English language need is not only for recent

immigrants

• The census allows tailoring services and solutions, enabling local provision to respond to local needs– Diversity in cities and outside cities– From cradle to grave

BUT ...these valuable small area data are under threat...

• Evidence for briefings like these cannot be produced without data for small areas.

• The ONS Beyond 2011 programme will consult from September 2013 on alternatives to the census.

• If a case is not made to retain production of small area statistics, the alternatives to the census will not include them.

Access to Census analysis• ONS ‘What the Census tells us’

– http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/guide-method/census/analysis/index.html

• Local authority sites for their areas– http://www.manchester.gov.uk/info/200088/

statistics_and_census/438/public_intelligence/5

• University of Manchester census ‘ethnicity and diversity briefings’, area profiles (LAs)– www.ethnicity.ac.uk/census

• A growing number of other sites

The best access route to Census data depends on the user

• One-off needs– ONS Neighbourhood Statistics– Local authority systems

• Bulk data, for analysts and providers of data to other users– NOMIS / SASPAC / InFuse– ONS

• http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/guide-method/census/2011/census-data/2011-census-data-catalogue/census-data-quick-view/index.html

What I’d like

• To say thank you to ONS, NRS, NISRA• Ethnic group in 18 categories, always• Local authorities, as high priority• Stop saying migration when you mean

immigration• API (summer has started)• Cell numbers in each table• Even more stress on possible comparisons

with 2001