Diving into the Unknown Diving into the Unknown

Team Anonymous:Team Anonymous:Elvin Pathiyil

Mariya GudimaMichael Gutierrez

ProjectProject

• Anonymous plans to research the Anonymous plans to research the manufacturing of SCUBA gear. manufacturing of SCUBA gear. Anonymous will also research how Anonymous will also research how different water depths affect the gear different water depths affect the gear as well as the body. Also, the affects of as well as the body. Also, the affects of temperature on the gear will be temperature on the gear will be researched, as well as the most efficient researched, as well as the most efficient combination of gases in the gear at combination of gases in the gear at various water depths.various water depths.

ScubaScuba

• Scuba diving is the act of swimming Scuba diving is the act of swimming underwater while usingunderwater while using– SSelfelf– CContainedontained– UUnderwaternderwater– BBreathingreathing– AApparatuspparatus

History Of SCUBAHistory Of SCUBA• First arose during First arose during

World War II and World War II and originally used to originally used to refer to USA combat refer to USA combat frogmen's oxygen frogmen's oxygen rebreathers.rebreathers.

• Scuba in modern Scuba in modern times usually refers times usually refers to the in-line open-to the in-line open-circuit equipmentcircuit equipment

Types of scuba sets 1Types of scuba sets 1

• open-circuitopen-circuit– a type of SCUBA-a type of SCUBA-

diving equipment diving equipment where the user where the user breathes from the breathes from the set and then set and then exhales to the exhales to the surroundings surroundings without recycling without recycling the exhaled airthe exhaled air

Types of scuba sets 2Types of scuba sets 2

• closed-circuit/semi-closed-circuit/semi-closed circuitclosed circuit– Here the diver Here the diver

breathes in from breathes in from the set, and out the set, and out back into the set back into the set where the exhaled where the exhaled gas is processed to gas is processed to make it fit to make it fit to breathe again.breathe again.

Wet SuitWet Suit

• Cold-water wetsuits Cold-water wetsuits are built differently, are built differently, have seams which have seams which do not leak, and do not leak, and provide good provide good protection from cold protection from cold water up to 60 water up to 60 minutes in shallow minutes in shallow water.water.

Dry suitDry suit

• provides thermal provides thermal insulation to the insulation to the wearer while wearer while immersed in waterimmersed in water

• protects the whole protects the whole human body, human body, except the head, except the head, hands, and hands, and possibly the feetpossibly the feet

Gas mixturesGas mixtures• Normal atmospheric airNormal atmospheric air

– (21% oxygen, 78% nitrogen, 1% other) can be (21% oxygen, 78% nitrogen, 1% other) can be used, so long as the diver is properly trained used, so long as the diver is properly trained in their use.in their use.

• Enriched Air NitroxEnriched Air Nitrox– which is air with extra oxygen, often with 32% which is air with extra oxygen, often with 32%

or 36% oxygen, and thus less nitrogen, or 36% oxygen, and thus less nitrogen, reducing the effect of decompression sickness reducing the effect of decompression sickness and nitrogen narcosis.and nitrogen narcosis.

Decompression sicknessDecompression sickness

• Decompression sickness (DCS), the Decompression sickness (DCS), the diver’s disease, the bends, or caisson diver’s disease, the bends, or caisson disease is the name given to a disease is the name given to a variety of symptoms suffered by a variety of symptoms suffered by a person exposed to a decrease in the person exposed to a decrease in the pressure around the body.pressure around the body.

Nitrogen narcosisNitrogen narcosis

• Aka inert gas narcosis is a reversible Aka inert gas narcosis is a reversible change in consciousness producing a change in consciousness producing a state similar to alcohol intoxication in state similar to alcohol intoxication in scuba divers at depth. It occurs to scuba divers at depth. It occurs to some small extent at any depth, but some small extent at any depth, but in most cases doesn't become in most cases doesn't become noticeable until deeper depths, noticeable until deeper depths, usually from 30 to 40 meters.usually from 30 to 40 meters.

Oxygen toxicityOxygen toxicity

• occurs when oxygen in the body occurs when oxygen in the body exceeds a safe partial pressure. In exceeds a safe partial pressure. In extreme cases it affects the central extreme cases it affects the central nervous system and causes a seizure, nervous system and causes a seizure, which can result in the diver spitting which can result in the diver spitting out his regulator and drowning. out his regulator and drowning. Oxygen toxicity is preventable Oxygen toxicity is preventable provided one never exceeds the provided one never exceeds the established maximum depth of a given established maximum depth of a given breathing gas. breathing gas.