Division of Neuromuscular Diseases

Clinical Neurophysiology

University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Department of Neurology

Fellows/Residents Manual

Table of Contents

1. Staff Directory............................................................................................................3 2. Program Overview.....................................................................................................4 3. Orientation .................................................................................................................5

Fellows: 1. Goals .........................................................................................................................5 2. Responsibilities..........................................................................................................7

Evaluation of the Fellow Evaluation of the Fellowship Equipment and Facilities Conferences Professional Development Evaluation Process Vacation On-Call Duties

Rotating Residents (EMG Section): 1. Goals .......................................................................................................................32 2. Responsibilities........................................................................................................32

Evaluation of the Fellow Evaluation of the Fellowship Equipment and Facilities Conferences Professional Development Evaluation Process Vacation On-Call Duties

Rotating Residents (EEG Section): 1. Goals .......................................................................................................................33 2. Responsibilities........................................................................................................33

Evaluation of the Resident Evaluation of the Rotation Equipment and Facilities

Conference Schedules 1. EMG Conference.....................................................................................................35 2. EMG Case Conference ...........................................................................................37 3. Muscle/Nerve Conference.......................................................................................43

EMG Report Guidelines

University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Clinical Neurophysiology Department of Neurology Fellow/Resident Manual 2008-2009

Directory Clinical Neurophysiology Fellowship Staff David Lacomis, MD, Director, Clinical Neurophysiology Fellowship and Neuromuscular Division Richard Brenner, MD, Co-Director, Clinical Neurophysiology Fellowship Pat Trimber, Education Coordinator (contact for applications and information, 412/648-2022, [email protected]) EMG/Neuromuscular Faculty and Staff

NAME POSITION WORK PAGE EMAIL Abdel-Hamid, Hoda Attending EMG, Pediatric 412/692-7031 7275 [email protected]

Boksenbaum, Steven EMG Technician 412/647-9293 [email protected]

Caldwell, Betty Administrative Assistant 412/647-1706 [email protected]

Clemens, MD, Paula Attending, MDA Clinic 412/648-9762 2438 [email protected]

Clinical Research Exam Room 412/647-1041

Fera, Sandy EMG Transcriptionist 412/647-5424 [email protected]

Fuchs, Pam EMG Technician 412/647-9293 [email protected]

Histopathology/Becky Bennett 412/647-7660 [email protected]

Lacomis, MD, David Attending, EMG, MDA Clinic 412/647-1706 2717 [email protected]

Mielo, Melanie Outpatient Clinic Manager 412/692-4924 [email protected]

Molczan, MSN, CRNP, Rebecca Nurse Practitioner 412/692-4917 [email protected]

Pschirer, Juliana EMG Technician 412/647-9293 [email protected]

Rao, MD, Chitharanjan Attending, EMG 412/692-4607 14941 [email protected]

Roeske-Anderson, MD, Lisa Attending, EMG 412/692-4613 7192 [email protected]

Rowlands RN, Danielle Nurse Botox Clinic, Research Coord. 412/648-9053 [email protected]

Shipe, Carol EMG Lead Technician 412/647-9293 [email protected]

Trimber, Pat Education Coordinator 412/648-2022 [email protected]

Zivkovic, MD, Sasa Attending, EMG, MDA Clinic 412/647-1706 7593 [email protected]

EEG/Epilepsy Faculty and Staff

NAME POSITION WORK PAGE EMAIL Bagic, MD, Anto Attending, EEG, EMU, MEG, Epilepsy 412/692-4607 2208 [email protected]

Brenner, MD, Richard Attending, EEG 412/692-4609 3136 [email protected]

Burkett, R. EEG T, Susan EEG Lead Technician 412/647-3446 [email protected]

Crumrine, MD, Patricia Attending, Epilepsy Clinic, Pediatrics 412/692-5520 2153 [email protected]

Davis, Lindsay EEG Technician I 412/647-5423 [email protected]

Dayton, Maryann EEG Transcriptionist 412/647-5423 [email protected]

Fleming, Mary EEG Technician I 412/647-5423 [email protected]

Ghearing, MD, Gena Attending, EMG/EEG Laboratories 412/692-4064 3014 [email protected]

Heyman, MD, Rock Attending, EEG 412/692-4609 2596 [email protected]

Horner, Lowell EEG Technician III 412/647-3446 [email protected]

Lee, Jane EEG Technician II 412/647-3446 [email protected]

Leppla, R. EEG T., Donna EEG Technician III 412/647-3446 [email protected]

Matthew, Sarah EEG Technician I 412/647-3446 [email protected]

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Mulkerrins, Mary Ann EEG Technician II 412/647-3446 [email protected]

Plummer, R. EEG T., Cheryl EEG Supervisor 412/647-4141 [email protected]

Sioufi, MD, Firas Attending, EEG Laboratory, Epilepsy 412/684-2022 11201 [email protected]

Vaisleib, MD, Inna Attending, Epilepsy Clinic, Pediatrics 412/692-5528 8241 [email protected]

Van Cott, MD, Anne Attending, Epilepsy Clinic, VA Hospital 412/688-6185 4382 [email protected]

Williams, MD, Shelley Attending, Epilepsy, Pediatrics 412/692-5520 2010 [email protected]

Wilson, R. EEG T., Karlin EEG Technician III 412/647-3446

Ancillary Faculty and Staff

NAME POSITION WORK PAGE EMAIL Atwood, MD, Charles Attending, Sleep Lab, Pulmonary 412/692-2892 4144 [email protected]

Balzer, PhD, Jeffrey Attending, Intraoperative Monitoring 412/648-9779 5482 [email protected]

Buysse, MD, Daniel Attending, Sleep Lab, Psychiatry 412/246-6413 3564 [email protected]

Strollo, MD, Patrick Attending, Sleep Lab, Pulmonary 412/692-2892 2710 [email protected]

Thirumala, Parthasarathy Attending, OR Monitoring 412/648-2228 [email protected]

PROGRAM OVERVIEW The Clinical Neurophysiology Fellowship Program at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center is accredited by the ACGME and allows fellows to become certified by the American Board of Psychiatry & Neurology for Added Qualifications in Clinical Neurophysiology. Depending on the individualized training of fellows, they may also become eligible for subspecialty certification in other clinical neurophysiology subspecialties. The training period is one year, and two funded positions are available to residents who are Board-eligible or certified in Neurology. The program is accredited for a third position that may be filled if alternative funding is available; e.g., via Childrens Hospital. This one-year training program concentrates upon EMG and EEG but offers a broad exposure to clinical neurophysiology. The program builds upon basic skills learned during neurology residency and provides the fellow with the opportunity to obtain greater knowledge and skills in clinical neurophysiology. More subspecialized training is introduced and clinical correlation is stressed with the addition of clinical experiences and didactic sessions. Fellows must spend time in both specialties, but the percentage of time in either can vary. Many fellows elect to apply their time equally. Specific EMG training includes nerve conduction studies/EMG, pediatric EMG, autonomic nervous system testing, and EMG-guided botulinum toxin therapy administration for movement disorders. A minimum of one-half day per week involves outpatient evaluations of patients with neuromuscular diseases, especially myasthenia gravis, peripheral neuropathy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and myopathies, including dystrophies. Fellows also learn to perform needle muscle biopsies and interpret muscle and nerve histopathology. The EEG training includes interpretation of EEGs, long-term EEG monitoring in the epilepsy monitoring unit and via ambulatory EEG, video EEG, and evoked potentials. Ambulatory EEGs are also performed. Training in Evoked Potentials, including auditory, visual, and somatosensory, is also provided. Outpatient epilepsy evaluation and pre- and post-surgical epilepsy evaluation are also performed. Electives in polysomnography and intraoperative monitoring are available. Fellows are encouraged to participate in academic activities, including clinical research.

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Examples of fellows’ schedules are shown: MON TUE WED THU FRI

AM

Neuromuscular Clinic EEG Conference EMG Laboratory EMG Laboratory Epilepsy Clinic

Epilepsy Conference EMG Case ConferenceEMG Laboratory

Fello

w I

PM EMG Laboratory EMG Conference

EMG Laboratory Neuromusc Path Conf Academic EEG Laboratory

EMG Didactic Conf EMG Laboratory

AM EEG Laboratory EEG Conference EEG Laboratory

Neuromuscular Clinic Epilepsy Clinic Epilepsy Conference

EMG Case ConferenceEpilepsy Clinic

Fello

w I

I

PM EEG Laboratory EMG Conference

EEG Laboratory Neuromusc Path Conf Academic EMG Laboratory

EMG Didactic Conf EEG Laboratory

Schedules are typically arranged in three-month blocks. One block can include up to 60% elective time with 20% EMG and 20% EEG.

ORIENTATION Fellows will undergo a general orientation for new residents and fellows at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center in July. The program director will meet with fellows and Dr. Zivkovic will meet with residents at the beginning of their rotations to review goals and responsibilities. The residents and fellows should meet with the EMG lead technician to receive educational materials and with Dr. Brenner to get EEG reading materials. In addition, the program director will meet every two months with the Neurophysiology fellows to discuss their experiences in the fellowship, to structure their programs individually, and to obtain feedback. He will also discuss their career plans, financial considerations, and billing and compliance issues.

CONFERENCES The mandatory conferences are as follows: Wednesday, 1-2 PM, in 802 KMB EEG Conference Tuesday, 3:30-4:30 PM, in A509-PUH Muscle/Nerve Conference Tuesday, 12–1 PM, EMG Lab PUH? Not finalized EMG Case Conference Wednesday, 2-3 PM, 802 KMB EMG Didactic Conference Wednesday, 4-5 PM, KMB Neurology Grand Rounds Optional conferences: Thursday, 8-9 AM, in 4C Neurosurgery Conf. Rm., PUH Epilepsy Conference Tuesday, 12-1 PM, location? Child Neurology Conferences Fellows may also attend weekly Sleep Grand Rounds.

COMPETENCY-BASED GOALS AND OBJECTIVES FOR FELLOWS A. Patient Care

1. Provide competent, appropriate, and effective neurophysiologic testing and care of neuromuscular and epilepsy patients

2. Perform, review, and analyze competently i. EMG ii. EEG iii. Evoked potentials iv. Sleep Studies v. OR monitoring

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3. Competently evaluate and treat patients with i. Neuromuscular disorders ii. Epilepsy

B. Medical Knowledge

1. Demonstrate broad knowledge of clinical neurophysiology and apply it to patient care (emphasis on EMG and EEG)

2. Gain understanding of normal clinical neurophysiology and alterations in pathologic states through clinical study, didactic sessions, conferences, case conferences, assigned reading, and self-study

C. Practice-based Learning and Improvement

1. Demonstrate the ability to investigate the nature of findings of neurophysiologic studies as they relate to neurologic disorders

2. Appraise and assimilate scientific evidence in order to improve patient care 3. Incorporate feedback from faculty into daily practice

D. Interpersonal and Communication Skills 1. Communicate diagnoses effectively to patients 2. Communicate diagnoses effectively to referring MDs verbally and in writing 3. Produce timely and comprehensive reports

E. Professionalism

1. Develop professional communications style/affect that exhibits compassion, integrity and respect a. Demonstrate professional communications style with referring MDs b. Demonstrate professional communications style with colleagues and staff c. Demonstrate professional communications style with students d. Demonstrate professional communications style with patients

2. Demonstrate respect for patient’s privacy 3. Be compassionate and empathetic during EMG testing

F. Systems-based Practice

1. Develop an approach to electrodiagnostic testing based on the disease category, cost awareness, and risk-benefit analysis

2. Develop an approach to improve patient and staff safety • Electrical safety • Needle safety • Hand hygiene

SUBSPECIALTY GOALS FOR CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY FELLOWS

• Monday, 12:30-1:30 PM, in 802 LKB EEG Conference • Tuesday, 3:30- 4:30 PM, in A509-PUH Muscle/Nerve Conference • Thursday, 8-9 AM, in 4C Neurosurgery Conf. Rm., PUH Epilepsy Conference • Tuesday 12 – 1 PM, EMG Lab PUH EMG Case Conference • Wednesday, 2-3 PM, 802 KMB EMG Didactic Conference In addition, Neurology Grand Rounds are held on Wednesdays at 4-5 PM and Child Neurology Conferences are held on Tuesdays from 12-1 PM. Fellows may also attend weekly Sleep Grand Rounds.

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GOALS FOR CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY FELLOWS

I. Neuromuscular/EMG Training a. Learn to perform and interpret nerve conduction studies and electromyography. b. Learn to identify electrodiagnostic features of normals, normal variants, and nerve and

muscle disorders. c. Learn to evaluate and treat patients with neuromuscular diseases. d. Learn the basic aspects of autonomic testing and single fiber EMG. e. Learn the basics of nerve and muscle histopathology and the EMG and clinical

correlations. f. Attain superior knowledge of peripheral nervous system anatomy. g. Understand the basics of neurophysiology that are pertinent to the interpretation of

NCS/EMG. For a-h, the fellow will obtain the skills through supervised hands-on training and participation in EMG and neuromuscular pathology conferences and in reading of the pertinent literature. The assessment will also include attending physician’s observation of the fellow’s presentations at didactic conferences. These clinical skills will be assessed by the EMG and Neuromuscular attending physician’s reviews of electrodiagnostic testing and patient evaluations, and by monitoring the fellow during electrodiagnostic testing. The attending physician will review the pertinent reports that have been generated. The evaluation will also be performed with the appropriate technicians and nurses. The portfolio of the fellow will be reviewed by the program director.

h. Understand the limitations of electrodiagnostic testing. i. Learn to generate a thorough, organized report for the referring physician.

Assessment will include the attending physician’s review of the report with the appropriate feedback being rendered. Feedback from referring clinicians will also be solicited when appropriate.

j. Understand the clinical implications of research findings in neuromuscular diseases. The assessment will also include attending physician’s observation of the fellow’s presentations at didactic conferences.

Autonomic Nervous System Testing: During their neuromuscular rotation, clinical neurophysiology trainees will be exposed to various procedures for evaluating the autonomic nervous system. Trainees will observe and perform specific tests that evaluate the integrity of the autonomic nervous system, and assist in developing appropriate strategies tailored to a patient’s individual problem. Examples of autonomic testing that trainees acquire knowledge of are sudomotor function testing, cardiovagal testing, and tilt-table evaluation. Direct patient experience is supplemented by didactic lectures, review of selected journal articles, and the option of participating in clinical research projects.

II. EEG/Epilepsy Training Learn to perform and interpret electroencephalograms. Such expertise will include, but not be limited to, knowledge of the following: a. Instrumentation and technique b. Minimum and preferred technical standards for performing EEGs c. Understand the basics of neurophysiology that are pertinent to the interpretation of EEG d. Normal EEG patterns and their variants e. Developmental aspects of EEG f. Changes in EEG activity with aging g. Abnormal EEG patterns and their functional correlates h. The role of EEG in diagnosing and treating specific neurological disorders i. The relation of EEG findings to results of other neurodiagnostic tests

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j. Learn to identify and treat seizures k. Learn to differentiate artifact and normal variants from pathologic changes l. Learn to identify EEG features of encephalopathic disorders, structural brain processes,

and seizure disorders m. Learn to evaluate and treat patients with epilepsy, including pre-surgical evaluations n. Learn to identify seizure patterns and to understand the clinical correlations o. Learn to identify and treat non-convulsive, convulsive, and other seizure types p. Understand the basics of neurophysiology that are pertinent to the interpretation of

EEGs. These clinical skills will be assessed by the EEG and Epilepsy attending

physician’s reviews of electroencephalography testing and patient evaluations, and by monitoring the fellow during electroencephalography testing. The attending physician will review the pertinent reports that have been generated. The evaluation will also be performed with the appropriate technicians and nurses. The portfolio of the fellow will be reviewed by the program director.

q. Learn to utilize appropriate triage and management skills when asked to assist in treatment of seizure disorders by the Neurology Consult Service or other requesting inpatient services.

r. Understand the clinical implications of research findings in epilepsy. The fellow will obtain the skills through participation in EEG conferences and in reading of the pertinent literature. The assessment will include attending physician’s observation of the fellow’s presentations at didactic conferences.

s. Learn to generate a thorough, organized report for the referring physician. Assessment will include the attending physician’s review of the report with the appropriate feedback being rendered. Feedback from referring clinicians will also be solicited when appropriate.

III. General

a. Develop appropriate communication skills. These skills will include teaching residents and informing external and internal referring clinicians with regard to results of electrodiagnostic tests. It will also include communication with technical personnel. Assessment will include personal observation by attending physicians as well as feedback from staff and timeliness of testing.

b. Professionalism Act in a professional manner with the allied professionals, ancillary staff and attending physicians. The assessment will consist of attending physician observation on a daily basis, along with feedback from ancillary staff.

c. Practice evidence-based medicine utilizing attending physician instruction, guidelines provided by the American Association of Electrodiagnostic Medicine, and the pertinent medical literature. These skills will be assessed at didactic EMG/EEG conferences, as well as during observation of technical procedures.

d. For systems-based practice, the fellow will interact with other hospital-based services in a timely and effective manner, especially with inpatients and with patients who are seeing multiple physicians on the same day. Assessment will consist of observation of the turn-around time and “3600 Evaluations”

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FELLOW RESPONSIBILITIES

I. EMG/Neuromuscular Rotation: a. The fellow is responsible for obtaining the pertinent neurologic history and performing the

pertinent neurologic examination on all patients before presenting the patient to the attending physician.

b. In conjunction with the technician, the fellow should be able to determine which nerves should be examined on nerve conduction studies.

c. The fellow should perform the nerve conduction studies or at least review the nerve conduction studies with the technician before presenting the case to the attending physician. (The fellow is expected to perform five nerve conduction studies on normals before starting patient examinations.)

d. The fellow performs the needle examination under the supervision of the attending physician. Fellows should not expect to perform only needle examinations and omit nerve conduction studies.

e. Generate the report and review changes made by the attending physician. f. The fellow is also responsible for supervising and teaching rotating residents in the EMG

Laboratory. g. The fellow is to attend and present at required conferences and to assign topics to the

rotating residents. h. The fellow will learn to perform needle muscle biopsies. i. The fellow is to maintain a logbook of all procedures. j. The fellow must evaluate the attending physicians twice a year and turn in the

evaluations to the Education Coordinator. k. The fellow will meet with the program director every two months. l. The fellow will engage in scholarly activities.

Outpatient:

a. The fellow is responsible for attending outpatient neuromuscular clinics as assigned and to arrive on time. Fellows are expected to dress and act in a professional manner (no scrubs, jeans, or sneakers).

b. The fellow is expected to evaluate and examine patients in a thorough but timely manner, present the case to the attending physician, localize the process, and generate a differential diagnosis, determine the necessary diagnostic tests, and formulate a treatment plan. The fellow is required to document the findings in the outpatient record. This is also an excellent opportunity to hone skills for the Neurology Boards and clinical practice.

c. Request for vacations must be presented four weeks prior to the date to the program director.

d. The fellow has primary responsibility for coverage during the absence of the attending physician for vacation and conferences. A staff person will serve as the back up.

e. The fellow may be required to supervise and teach residents and teach medical students who are rotating through the outpatient neuromuscular service.

II. EEG/Epilepsy Rotation

a. The fellow is responsible for obtaining the pertinent neurologic history and for reviewing the EEG before presenting the findings to the attending physician. The fellow should be involved in performance of the EEG if clinically indicated. Furthermore, the fellow should perform a neurologic examination and supervise administration of anti-convulsant medications when clinically indicated for emergent EEGs.

b. In conjunction with the EEG technician, the fellow should be able to determine which, if any, additional montages, electrodes, or activating procedures should be performed during an EEG.

c. Generate the report and review any changes made by the attending physician.

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d. The fellow is also responsible for supervising and educating rotating residents in the EEG Laboratory.

e. The fellow is to attend and present at required conferences. f. Maintain a logbook of all procedures. g. The fellow must evaluate the attending physicians twice a year and submit the

evaluations to the education coordinator. h. The fellow will meet with the program director monthly.

Outpatient and Epilepsy Monitoring Unit:

a. The fellow is responsible for reviewing epilepsy monitoring unit data from the previous day and for reporting the pertinent findings to the attending physician.

b. The fellow is expected to examine inpatients in the epilepsy monitoring unit, document all findings, and coordinate the care with the attending physician and other house staff.

c. The fellow is expected to evaluate and examine patients in the Epilepsy Clinic in a timely but thorough manner, to formulate a differential diagnosis, to determine the necessary diagnostic testing, and to formulate a treatment plan under the supervision of an attending physician.

d. The fellow will be required to provide every-other weekend call coverage for emergency or urgent EEGs. (Weekend call to be divided equally between both fellows.)

Video-EEG Long-Term Monitoring: Trainees acquire knowledge of the use of video-EEG in the context of a comprehensive evaluation of patients with paroxysmal phenomena, including epilepsy. Trainees will have extensive knowledge of the following:

• Basic electronics, computer skills, and data reduction techniques necessary for effective and efficient long-germ monitoring

• Digital EEG and polygraphic methods • The clinical and electrographic correlated of various paroxysmal behavior, and especially the

features that allow distinguishing between epileptic and nonepileptic phenomena • Electroclinical correlates of different seizure types and the various epilepsy syndromes • The relation of scalp to intracranial potentials • Integrating results of video-EEG recording with other neurodiagnostic data including MRI, PET

and neuropsychological testing • Use of video-EEG recording to formulate specific treatment strategies

Goals and Responsibilities in Evoked Potentials During their rotation in and exposure to evoked potentials, trainees will acquire the necessary background to interpret and direct the recording of standard visual brainstem auditory and short-latency somatosensory evoked potentials. Training objectives will include, but not be limited to, a comprehensive knowledge of the following:

1. Instrumentation, including principles of signal averaging 2. Basic visual, somatosensory and auditory physiology, anatomy, and related neuroscience 3. Technical and end-organ factors that influence evoked potentials 4. Normal patterns of evoked potentials, their variations in normal control populations, and the effect

of peripheral and central nervous system immaturity and of aging. 5. Definitions of abnormal, interpretation of abnormal patterns, and relevant clinical correlations 6. Use of evoked potentials in specific neurological diseases, especially demyelinating and

degenerative disorders

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Equipment and Facilities: Two Nicolet Viking Select EMG machines are used in each laboratory at UPMC Presbyterian and UPMC Montefiore. Single fiber and quantitative EMG software packages are available. Quantitative sensory testing utilizes CASE IV. The Autonomics Laboratory is equipped with QSWEAT® for quantitative sudomotor axon reflex testing and a tilt table with Colin Pilot® heart rate and blood pressure monitoring and Atlas® software. At Children’s Hospital, a Viking Quest EMG machine is used. The EMG lab at UPMC Presbyterian has a Neuromuscular and “electrodiagnostics” book and video library, and the Health Sciences library is adjacent to UPMC Presbyterian. Pubmed and other on-line sources, including electronic journals and books, are readily available. PCs are available at workstations in the EMG Laboratory and fellows’ office. EMG Pro software is used for report generation. All UPMC medical records are available electronically. Three XLTEK® and two Bio-logic CEEGraph® portable EEG machines are used in the UPMC Presbyterian Hospital EEG Laboratory. In addition, two XLTEK® and two Bio-logic CEEGraph® portable EEG machines are used in the EEG Laboratory at Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic and at UPMC Montefiore Hospital (one of each machine at each location). Two Microsoft Windows®-based personal computers utilizing digital EEG-reading software by XLTEK® and Bio-logic® are used to interpret EEGs at the reading station. There is an additional computer in the fellow’s office that may serve as another reading station. Persyst Insight II® software is utilized when reviewing and interpreting prolonged EEG recordings in both portable or resting EEGs and EMU monitoring. Persyst MagicMarker® software is utilized to view and interpret after-hours, emergent EEGs from home via internet through a secure website over a local area network connection. Outpatient and video EEG and Epilepsy monitoring are also performed at Children’s Hospital. The EEG facilities utilize Neuvo Concepts Incorporated (NCI) digital EEG equipment. The routine lab has five acquisition stations, all of which may be used for portable recordings. One has portable video capability. The lab has 2 reading stations and one CD burner for record storage. The long-term monitoring lab has 4 stations for video EEG, two reading stations, and one CD burner. Evoked potentials testing is performed utilizing one Nihon-Kohden® evoked potential measuring system. Printouts of visual, brainstem auditory, and somatosensory evoked potentials are generated for interpretation. The EMU is equipped with state-of-the-art EMU monitoring software by Biologic® and Persyst®, and is capable of monitoring four patients simultaneously for extended periods. One of the EMU beds is equipped with a 128-channel capability for pre-surgical patients who have undergone subdural grid electrode placement or depth-electrode placement. Twenty-four hour ambulatory EEGs are performed utilizing two Oxford® 16-channel ambulatory EEG devices. Persyst Insight II® software is used to review and interpret this data. Personal computers are available at the reading station in the EEG Laboratory, fellow’s office, and physician workstations on the inpatient floors. All hospital computers have access to the Health Sciences Library website which provides access to a variety of online journals, electronic books, Pub-Med, Ovid, and other online services. The Department of Neurology has 10,000 square feet of research space that is attached to UPMC Presbyterian and UPMC Montefiore. Major areas of basic neuromuscular research include disease mechanisms potential treatments of muscular dystrophies (Paula Clemens, MD) and motor neuron disease.

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The Rheumatology Division also has an active research program in inflammatory myopathies. Fellows may participate in these research activities and may also consider a grant application to extend their training. Fellow’s Office: Located at G812, PUH, the Fellows’ Office is in the vicinity of the EMU and EMG Laboratory, and two personal computers are available. Conferences: EMG/Neuromuscular Conferences: Muscle Biopsy Conference: The fellows will be required to present at the muscle biopsy conferences throughout the course of the year. The presentations should include the clinical, electrodiagnostic, and pathologic aspects of the disorder. Peripheral nerve as well as muscle diseases will be presented. Any changes in the schedule should be made at the fellow level. High-quality PowerPoint presentations are required. If the fellow requires pathologic specimens, they must be requested at least two weeks in advance from the program director. Conferences are held in the Neuropathology sign-out room, A509, PUH. See attached schedule. EMG Didactic Conferences: Each week, a fellow or resident will be assigned an AAEM minimonograph or similar publication to discuss at the didactic conference. Under the supervision of an attending physician, the fellow or resident will then review the topic. See attached schedule. There is also a weekly EMG Case Conference in which Dr. Rao presents a case of interest and there is an interactive discussion of the findings. EMG Case Conference: Each week, Dr. Rao presents interesting EMG cases in an informal setting with discussion. Annual EMG Conference: A two-day EMG Conference is held annually in March at UPMC Presbyterian. Attendance is mandatory for all fellows. EEG/Epilepsy Conferences EEG Conference: Each week Dr. Richard Brenner will review EEGs showing a variety of normals, normal variants, artifacts, seizures, and other important data of which all residents and fellows in neurology should be aware. Relevant clinical scenarios and cases will be discussed in conjunction with these EEGs. Fellows and residents are expected to attend and will be asked at random to interpret and discuss various EEG findings. Fellows are also expected to give PowerPoint™ presentations on pertinent topics assigned to the by Dr. Brenner. Throughout the year, various faculty members will give didactic lectures on the following topics: EEG

• Physiological Basis of EEG • Instrumentation, Recording Technique and Artifacts • Polarity, Montages and Localization • Normal EEG in Adults • Normal EEG in Children • EEG in Coma • EEG in Epilepsy • EEG in Dementia and Focal Lesions • Quantitative Analysis and Topographic Mapping • OR Monitoring

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• Neonatal EEG – Normal and Abnormal • Pathophysiology of Epilepsy • Epilepsy Monitoring • Identify and Classify Seizures and Epileptic Syndromes • Treatment of Epilepsy

Sleep Medicine

• Physiology of Sleep • Polysomnography • Sleep Disorders

Evoked Potentials

• Principles of Signal Averaging • Visual Evoked Potentials • Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potentials • Somatosensory Evoked Potentials

Epilepsy Conference: Once each week, the Epilepsy Conference is held at which interesting cases are presented in a forum for relevant discussion. Attendees will include not only the fellows, but also various adult and pediatric epilepsy physicians and staff, as well as epilepsy neurosurgery physicians and staff. Fellows are expected to present cases throughout the course of the year. Additional Electrodiagnostic Training: The fellows may spend additional time in botulinum toxin clinic (for movement disorders and spasticity) and learn to interpret autonomic studies and quantitative sensory testing. Professional Development: A clinical research project is highly recommended. Fellows are expected to present at a national meeting. Fellows should maintain a “portfolio” which includes a logbook of all electrodiagnostic studies, electroencephalography studies, needle muscle biopsies, conferences attended, conferences given, teaching sets, evaluations, and other pertinent information as deemed appropriate. Evaluation: Fellows will be given a written EMG test at the beginning and end of the fellowship. In addition, evaluations will be performed every three months by the attending neurologists, based on the fellow’s observed performance in the EMG Laboratory and outpatient clinic. The program director will solicit input from the lead technician and nurse for a 3600 evaluation. Moreover, EEG/Epilepsy attending physicians will also evaluate the fellows every three months based on their observed performances in the EEG Laboratory and outpatient clinic. The program co-director will solicit input from various ancillary staff, including EEG/EMU technicians and the epilepsy clinic nurse practitioner. Fellows will also keep a portfolio (available at Clinical Neurophysiology website) documenting their achievements. Presentations made by fellows at didactic conferences will also be formally critiqued. Fellows are also expected to evaluate the attending physicians at least every six months, and these evaluations should be submitted to the education coordinator.

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University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Division of Neuromuscular Diseases

Clinical Neurophysiology Fellow/Resident Evaluation (Neuromuscular Service)

Resident/Fellows Name: Rotation Dates: Evaluator’s Name: Evaluation Date: Contact with Resident: 1-10 11-20 21-30 >30 hours/week Goals:

1. Learn to perform nerve conductions and EMG and know the relevant anatomy and utility and limitations of the studies.

2. Learn to obtain a neuromuscular history and to perform a competent neuromuscular examination. 3. Learn to generate appropriate EMG reports. 4. Learn the principles of electrodiagnostic medicine and concepts of neuromuscular diseases

including the clinical implications of research findings. Objectives:

1. Perform nerve conductions and EMG needle examinations on patients in the EMG Lab under supervision of an attending. Recognize normal and abnormal patterns, review the findings with an attending, and generate a report to the referring physician. Demonstrate competence by being able to teach residents and students.

2. Perform a focused neuromuscular history and examination on patients in the EMG Lab and a detailed history examination in neuromuscular clinics. Generate a differential diagnosis. After review with the attending, direct the evaluation and treatment if indicated. *Attend one neuromuscular clinic per week and one half-day to six half-days of EMG per week.

3. Actively participate in didactic EMG and neuromuscular pathology conferences and case discussions. Pursue outside reading (see recommended readings list).

1. History Obtains basic data, but lacks organization. Missing some essential elements. History relatively complete and accurate with satisfactory organization. Comprehensive, thorough, precise history. Histories are exceptionally complete. 2. Neuromuscular Examination Notable deficiencies in examination. Neurologic examination is satisfactory, and adequately thorough. Examination is thorough. Above average. Examinations are extremely accurate, complete, and pertinent. 3. Case Presentation and Synthesis Notable gaps in clarity, organization presentation and synthesis; fails to integrate data appropriately. Presents satisfactory synthesis of the patient that is adequately accurate, complete, and organized. Thorough, well-organized presentations and assessments. Above average.

Clear, organized, complete, accurate, and polished presentations with excellent synthesis of the available data.

4. Nerve Conduction Studies Little interest and minimal ability to perform and interpret nerve conduction studies. Able to perform reasonable nerve conduction studies.

Above average use of information in order to determine the nerves to be studied and above average quality of nerve conduction studies.

Excellent use of available information and excellent technical skills with regard to nerve conduction studies.

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5. Needle Electrode Examination Minimal ability to perform needle examination. Able to reasonably focus on motor unit potentials.

Above average performance of the needle examination with good analysis of the data and understanding of the muscles to be examined.

Excellent technical skill with integration of the available clinical information. 6. Problem Solving Rarely analyzes critically; cannot synthesize new information; cannot deal with events on a conceptual level.

Can sometimes analyze critically and synthesize new information; has occasional difficulty dealing with events on a conceptual level.

Can usually analyze critically and synthesize new information. Almost always works with events on a conceptual level.

Almost always analyzes critically and synthesizes new information. Almost always works with events on a conceptual level.

Always analyzes critically and synthesizes new information. Always works with events in a conceptual manner. 7. Cooperation

Generally does not cooperate with other health care workers and/or acts in ways conveying lack of respect for others’ professional roles.

Behavior usually acceptable to colleagues, with some exceptions. Cooperates when necessary. Makes little impression.

Maintains acceptable and workable co-worker relationships.

Active member of team. Elicits cooperation of others and establishes an atmosphere of mutual respect and dignity with co-workers.

Elicits and contributes to full cooperation among health professionals. Exceptionally active member of the team.8. Dependability Cannot be relied upon. Attendance and punctuality are usually erratic. Cannot be believed. Usually present but sometimes tardy or sporadic in attendance, without good justification. Can usually be relied upon, but is occasionally absent or late without justification. Usually reliable. Can almost always be relied upon. Is almost never absent or late except for justified reasons. Can always be relied upon. Is almost never absent or late except for justified reasons. Totally reliable.

Can always be counted on for attendance and punctuality in patient care. Meets responsibilities without reservation.

9. Teaching Shows little interest in teaching residents. Poor presentations at conferences. Average interest in teaching residents. Adequate effort in presentations at conferences. Good effort and skill in teaching residents and in conference presentations. Very interested in teaching. Above average effort in skill in presenting at conferences. Outstanding teacher of rotating residents. Exceptionally good conference presentations. 10. Overall Functioning Functioning far below expected level at this point of training. Functioning at a minimal acceptable level at this point of training. Functioning at a satisfactory level. Functioning above the level expected at this point of training. Functioning at exceptional and outstanding level.

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Please comment on the fellow/resident’s PRINCIPAL STRENGTHS (include degree of improvement in skills over the course of contact): Areas in need of improvement: Do you have any reason to question this fellow/resident /student’s honesty? (If yes please explain above.) Yes__________ No_________ Attending Physician Signature Date Fellow/Resident Signature Date

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NURSING AND ALLIED HEALTH EVALUATION CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY FELLOW

INTERPERSONAL SKILLS AND PROFESSIONALISM SKILLS Resident: Date: Outpatient Location: Nursing Station: Evaluator: The Neurology Department at the University Health Center of Pittsburgh expects its residents to demonstrate the communication, interpersonal, and professionalism skills that promote care delivered in the best interest of the patient. Please complete this evaluation based on your interactions with the above-named resident. Check “needs improvement” or “satisfactory” in the space provided after each statement. If you cannot comment on an item, please leave it blank. All “needs improvement” responses require explanation in the space provided below. We ask that you or your immediate supervisor discuss any significant concerns with the resident privately before submitting this form.

COMMUNICATION/INTERPERSONAL SKILLS Needs Improvement Satisfactory

Consistently demonstrates willingness to listen to patients. Consistently demonstrates willingness to listen to nursing and allied staff. Consistently explains information to patients and families using clear, understandable terms.

Consistently participates cooperatively in multidisciplinary rounds.

PROFESSIONALISM

Altruism/Empathy Consistently attentive to details of patient comfort and delivery of care (performance of procedures).

Accepts inconvenience when necessary to meet the needs of the patient. Respect Consistently respects patient privacy when conducting examinations. Consistently courteous and receptive to nursing and allied health staff. Responsibility Consistently responds in a timely manner when paged or called. Consistently follows through on patient care issues. Integrity Maintains composure during stressful/crisis situations. Please provide specific comments to substantiate any “needs improvement” response. Do you have any additional concerns regarding this resident’s communication, interpersonal, or professionalism skills? Please provide information if this resident has consistently performed in an outstanding manner.

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University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Division of Neuromuscular Diseases

Clinical Neurophysiology Fellow/Resident Evaluation (Neuromuscular Service)

Resident’s/Fellow’s Name: Rotation Dates: Evaluator’s Name: Carol Shipe, Lead EMG Tech Evaluation Date: Scoring: Excellent = 1 Very Good = 2 Average = 3 Fair = 4 Poor = 5 N/A = not applicable

1. Nerve Conduction Study skills

2. Interpretation of NCS

3. Interaction with techs

4. Interaction with patients

5. Teaching Skills

6. Overall function

Comment:

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University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Clinical Neurophysiology

Fellow/Resident Evaluation (Epilepsy Service)


1. Learn to obtain history and to perform a competent neurologic examination. 2. Learn to perform and interpret video-EEG monitoring, 3 Learn to generate appropriate video-EEG reports. 4. Learn and understand the evaluation and treatment of patients with epilepsy.

Objectives: 1. Obtain detailed histories and perform neurological examinations on all patients admitted to the

Epilepsy Monitoring Unit. 2. Review EEG recordings with the chief EEG technologist and attending epileptologist in order to

develop an increasing level of expertise and the recognition of EEG patterns associated with epilepsy. Observe and carefully analyze different seizure types. Attend weekly EEG Conference.

3. Dictate reports, summarizing EEG findings (ictal and interictal) as well as clinical events. Report to include interpretation which details the epilepsy type as well as epilepsy syndrome.

4. Attend two outpatient Epilepsy Clinics per week. Attend weekly Epilepsy Center Case Review Conference.

1. History Obtains basic data, but lacks organization. Missing some essential elements. History relatively complete and accurate with satisfactory organization. Comprehensive, thorough, precise history. Histories are exceptionally complete. 2. Neurologic Examination Notable deficiencies in examination. Neurologic examination is satisfactory, and adequately thorough. Examination is thorough. Above average. Examinations are extremely accurate, complete, and pertinent. 3. Case Presentation and Synthesis Notable gaps in clarity, organization presentation and synthesis; fails to integrate data appropriately. Presents satisfactory synthesis of the patient that is adequately accurate, complete, and organized. Thorough, well-organized presentations and assessments. Above average.

Clear, organized, complete, accurate, and polished presentations with excellent synthesis of the available data.

4. EEG and Neuroimaging Studies Little interest and minimal ability to interpret EEG and neuroimaging studies. Able to adequately review the EEG and neuroimaging studies.

Above average use of EEG and neuroimaging studies in the evaluation and treatment of patients with epilepsy.

Excellent use of available EEG and neuroimaging studies in the evaluation and treatment of patients with epilepsy.

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5. Problem Solving

Rarely analyzes critically; cannot synthesize new information; cannot deal with events on a conceptual level.




Always analyzes critically and synthesizes new information. Always works with events in a conceptual manner.

6. Cooperation





Elicits and contributes to full cooperation among health professionals. Exceptionally active member of the team.

7. Dependability Cannot be relied upon. Attendance and punctuality are usually erratic. Cannot be believed. Usually present but sometimes tardy or sporadic in attendance, without good justification. Can usually be relied upon, but is occasionally absent or late without justification. Usually reliable. Can almost always be relied upon. Is almost never absent or late except for justified reasons.

Can always be relied upon. Is almost never absent or late except for justified reasons. Totally reliable.



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Fellow/Resident Evaluation (EEG Service)


1. Learn to interpret EEGs. 2. Learn to generate appropriate EEG reports. 3. Learn the principles of electroencephalography.

Objectives: 1. Read daily EEG studies performed at UPMC and review with an attending EEG physician. 2. Dictate EEG reports indicating clinical history, reason for EEG, EEG findings, and clinical

interpretation. 3. Attend weekly EEG Conference. Attend weekly Epilepsy Center Conference Case Review. Give

quarterly PowerPoint presentations discussing an EEG topic. Review suggested reading list in the Clinical Neurophysiology Fellow/Resident Manual.

1. EEG Studies Little interest and minimal ability to interpret EEG studies. Able to provide reasonable EEG interpretation. Above average interpretation of EEG studies. Excellent interpretation of EEG studies. 2. Problem Solving

Rarely analyzes critically; cannot synthesize new information; cannot deal with events on a conceptual level.




Always analyzes critically and synthesizes new information. Always works with events in a conceptual manner.

3. Cooperation





Elicits and contributes to full cooperation among health professionals. Exceptionally active member of the team.

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4. Dependability Cannot be relied upon. Attendance and punctuality are usually erratic. Cannot be believed. Usually present but sometimes tardy or sporadic in attendance, without good justification. Can usually be relied upon, but is occasionally absent or late without justification. Usually reliable. Can almost always be relied upon. Is almost never absent or late except for justified reasons.

Can always be relied upon. Is almost never absent or late except for justified reasons. Totally reliable.



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Fellow’s Name: Rotation Dates: Evaluator’s Name: Evaluation Date: Scoring: Excellent = 1 Very Good = 2 Average = 3 Fair = 4 Poor = 5 N/A = not applicable

1. Clinical skills

2. Patient Care/Caring

3. Interaction with nurse


5. Professionalism

6. Overall function

Comment:

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Resident’s/Fellow’s Name: Rotation Dates: Evaluator’s Name: Cheryl Plummer, REEGT, Lead EMU Tech Evaluation Date: Scoring: Excellent = 1 Very Good = 2 Average = 3 Fair = 4 Poor = 5 N/A = not applicable

1. Interpretation of Video EEG



4. Teaching Skills

5. Overall function

Comment:

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Resident’s/Fellow’s Name: Rotation Dates: Evaluator’s Name: Susan Burkett, REEGT, Lead EEG Tech Evaluation Date: Scoring: Excellent = 1 Very Good = 2 Average = 3 Fair = 4 Poor = 5 N/A = not applicable

1. Interpretation of EEG



4. Teaching Skills

5. Overall function

Comment:

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CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY MINI-CLINICAL EVALUATION EXERCISE (CEX) Evaluator: Date:

Resident: N1 N2 N3

Patient Problem/Dx: Settings: Ambulatory In-Patient EMU EMG Laboratory Patient: Age: Gender: New Follow-up Complexity: Low Moderate High Focus: Data Gathering Diagnosis Therapy Counseling 1. Medical Interviewing Skills ( Not observed)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 UNSATISFACTORY SATISFACTORY SUPERIOR

2. Neurological Examination Skills ( Not observed) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

UNSATISFACTORY SATISFACTORY SUPERIOR 3. Technical Skills ( Not observed)


4. Synthesis and Localization ( Not observed) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

UNSATISFACTORY SATISFACTORY SUPERIOR 5. Humanistic Qualities/Professionalism ( Not observed)


6. Clinical Judgment ( Not observed) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

UNSATISFACTORY SATISFACTORY SUPERIOR 7. Counseling Skills ( Not observed)


8. Organization/Efficiency ( Not observed) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

UNSATISFACTORY SATISFACTORY SUPERIOR 9. Overall Competence ( Not observed)


Mini-CEX Time: Observing: Mins. Providing Feedback Mins. Critique: Resident Signature Evaluator Signature

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GUIDELINES FOR IMPLEMENTING THE MINI-CEX The clinical neurophysiology mini-clinical evaluation exercise (CEX) focuses on the core skills that residents demonstrate in patient encounters. It can be easily implemented by attending physicians as a routine, seamless evaluation of residents in any setting. The mini-CEX is an observation or “snapshot” of a resident/patient interaction. Based on multiple encounters over time, this method provides a valid, reliable measure of a resident’s performance. Attending physicians are encouraged to perform one mini-CEX per resident during the rotation. Settings to Conduct Mini-CEX: Mini-CEX Evaluators

In-patient services (EMU) Attending Physicians Ambulatory (Neuromuscular or Epilepsy Clinics) Supervising Physicians EMG Laboratory

Rating Scale: A nine point rating scale is used; a rating of 4 is defined as “marginal” and conveys the expectation that with remediation, the resident will meet the standards for Board Certification.

DESCRIPTORS OF COMPETENCIES DEMONSTRATED DURING THE MINI-CEX Medical Interviewing Skills: Facilitates patient’s telling of story; effectively uses questions/directions to obtain accurate, adequate information needed; responds appropriately to affect, non-verbal cues. Physical Examination Skills: Follows efficient, logical sequence; balances screening/diagnostic steps for problem; informs patient; sensitive to patient’s comfort, modesty. Technical Skills: Demonstrates skillful use of nerve conductions, EMG, or EEG in evaluating patients, based on their symptoms and neurologic examination findings. Synthesis and Localization: Appropriately uses information obtained from history and physical examination to localize the disease process in the nervous system and create an accurate differential diagnosis. Humanistic Qualities/Professionalism: Shows respect, compassion, empathy, establishes trust; attends to patient’s needs of comfort, modesty, confidentiality; and information. Clinical Judgment: Selectively orders/performs appropriate diagnostic studies and therapeutic measures; considers risks and benefits. Counseling Skills: Explains rationale for test/treatment; obtains patient’s consent, and educates/counsels regarding management. Organization/Efficiency: Prioritizes; is timely and succinct. Overall Clinical Competence: Demonstrates judgment, synthesis, caring, effectiveness, and efficiency.

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Vacation: Fellows are allotted four weeks of vacation in addition to UPMC-observed holidays. Job interviews must be taken from vacation time. The last week of December could be split between the fellows. In addition, fellows may have one week for conferences. Vacation requests must be made in writing to the program director four weeks prior to the dates requested. On-Call Responsibilities: There is no evening or weekend call for EMG/Neuromuscular. There is weekend on-call from home for urgent EEG and for rounding on patients on the epilepsy monitoring unit. Call starts at 5 PM on Friday and ends at 8 AM on Monday. Fellows are on call every other weekend. There is no weeknight call for EEG. Fellows are responsible for the schedule; the program director will resolve conflicts.

Recent Trainees

Name Fellowship

Year Current Location

Board - Certified in Clinical

Neurophysiology. Al-Lahham, Tawfiq 2008-2009 Khavandgar, Simin 2008-2009 Sitwat, Bilal 2008-2009 Liang, Ye (Vivian) 2007-2008 Pittsburgh, PA , hospital faculty Lu, Angela 2007-2008 Pittsburgh, PA, hospital faculty Bekele-Acuri, Zewditu 2006-2007 Middletown, NY, private practice Stevens, Michelle 2006-2007 Erie, PA, private practice Thirumala, Parthasarathy 2006-2007 Pittsburgh, PA, hospital faculty Abdel-Hamid, Hoda 2005-2006 Pittsburgh, PA, hospital faculty Qazizadeh, Salim 2005-2006 Harrisburg, PA, private practice Sioufi, Firas 2005-2006 Pittsburgh, PA, hospital faculty Eshragi, Shervin 2004-2005 Canada, private practice Mendez, Oscar 2004-2005 Crossville, TN, private practice X Jung, Ki 2003-2004 Gastonia, NC, private practice X Mushtaq, Romila 2003-2004 Milwaukee, WI, hospital faculty Barsouk, Tatyana 2002-2003 Washington, PA, private practice X Shah, Nilay 2002-2003 New York, NY, private practice Pulipaka, Uma 2001-2002 Longview, TX, private practice X Zivkovic, Sasa 2001-2002 Pittsburgh, PA, hospital faculty X Qi, Yan 2000-2001 Landsdale, PA, private practice Shukla, Chirag 2000-2001 Trenton, NJ, private practice X Tobin, Karen 1999-2000 Washington, PA, private practice Creel, G B 1998-1999 Petrella, J T 1997-1998 Rana, SS 1997-1998 Blatt, I 1996-1997 Campellone, Joseph 1996-1997 Camden, NJ, hospital faculty Aggarwal, Avinash 1995-1996 Tarrentum, PA, private practice Gonzalez, J 1995-1996

Publications by Fellows REFEREED ARTICLES: 1. Aggarwal A, Lacomis D, Giuliani MJ. A reversible paralytic syndrome with anti-GD1b antibodies

following influenza immunization. Muscle Nerve 1995;18:1199-1201.

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2. Gonzalez J, Lacomis D, Kramer DJ. Mushroom myopathy. Muscle Nerve 1996;19:790-792. 3. Campellone JV, Lacomis D, Giuliani MJ, Kroboth F. Hepatic myelopathy. Case report with review of

the literature. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 1996;98:242-246. 4. Blatt I, Brenner RP. Triphasic waves in a psychiatric population: A retrospective study. J Clin

Neurophysiol 1996; 13:324-329. 5. Van Cott A, Blatt I, Brenner RP. Stimulus sensitive seizures in postanoxic coma. Epilepsia 1996;

37:868- 874. 6. Petrella JT, Giuliani MJ, Lacomis D. Vacuolar myopathies in adults with myalgias: value of

paraspinal muscle investigation. Muscle Nerve 1997;20:1321-1323. 7. Campellone JV, Lacomis D, Giuliani MJ, Oddis CV. Percutaneous needle muscle biopsy in the

evaluation of patients with suspected inflammatory myopathy. Arthritis Rheum 1997;40:1886-1891. 8. Rana SS, Giuliani MJ, Oddis CV, Lacomis D. Acute onset of colchicine myoneuropathy in cardiac

transplant recipients: case studies of three patients. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 1997;99:266-270. 9. Campellone JV, Lacomis D, Kramer DJ, Van Cott AC, Giuliani MJ. Acute myopathy after liver

transplantation. Neurology 1998;50:46-53. 10. Lacomis D, Petrella JT, Giuliani MJ. Causes of neuromuscular weakness in the intensive care unit:

a study of 92 patients. Muscle Nerve 1998;21:610-617. 11. Campellone JV, Lacomis D, Giuliani MJ, Kramer DJ. Mononeuropathies associated with liver

transplantation. Muscle Nerve 1998;21:896-901. 12. Creel GB, Giuliani MJ, Lacomis D, Holbach SM. Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy: non-French

Canadian pedigrees. Muscle Nerve 1998;21:816-818. 13. Lacomis D, Gonzales JT, Giuliani MJ. Fluctuating clinical myotonia and weakness from Thomsen’s

disease occurring only during pregnancies. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 1999;101:133-136. 14. Lacomis D, Tobin K, Giuliani MJ. Multifocal small fiber sensory neuropathy. J Clin Neuromusc Dis

1999;1:2-5. 15. Tobin K, Giuliani M, Lacomis D. Comparison of different modalities for detection of small fiber

neuropathy. Clin Neurophysiol 1999;110:1909-1912. 16. Zaretsky M, Pulipaka U, Schiff D, Bahler D, Lacomis D. Rapidly progressive, acute

polyradiculopathies and cranial neuropathies resulting from leptomeningeal nasal-Type NK cell lymphoma. J Clin Neuromusc Dis 2000,1:137-140.

17. Zivkovic SA, Lopez OL, Zaretsky M, Wechsler LR. Rapidly progressive stroke in a young adult with very low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. J Neuroimaging 2000,10:233-236.

18. Zivkovic SA, Lacomis D, Giuliani MJ. Sensory neuropathy associated with metronidazole: report of four cases and review of the literature. J Clin Neuromusc Dis 2001;3:8-12.

19. Zivkovic SA, Lacomis D, Clemens PR. Chronic eosinophilic perimyositis with persistent myalgias. Muscle Nerve 2002;25:461-465.

20. Zivkovic SA, Lacomis D, Clemens PR. Chronic eosinophilic perimyositis with persistent myalgias. Muscle Nerve 2002,25:461-465.

21. Pulipaka U, Lacomis D, Omalu B. Amiodarone-induced neuromyopathy: three cases and review of literature. J Clin Neuromusc Dis 2002;3:97-105.

22. Zivkovic SA, Brenner RP. A case of area-specific stimulus sensitive postanoxic myoclonus. J Clin Neurophysiol 2003; 1:324-329.

23. Mendez O, Kanal E, Abu-Elmagd KM, Bond G, McFadden K, Zivkovic S. Granulomatous amebic encephalitis in a multiviseral transplant patient:. European Journal of Neurology 2006;13:292-295.

24. Abdel-Hamid H, Lacomis D. Lambert-Eaton syndrome with thymic hyperplasia. J Clin Neuromusc Dis 2006;8:31-34.

25. Sioufi F. Kaniecki R. Spontaneous intracranial hypotension associated with sacral Tarlov cyst. Neurology 2005;64:A351-352.

26. Bejeke-Arcuri Z, Van Cott AC, Brenner RP. EEG findings in post-anoxic action myoclonus. J Clin Neurophysol 2007,24:470.

INVITED REVIEWS, BOOK CHAPTERS AND EDITORIALS: 1. Campellone J, Lacomis D. Neuromuscular Complications. In: Widjicks EFM, ed. Neurologic

Complications in Organ Transplant Recipients. Boston. Butterworth-Heinemann, 1999, 169-192.

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2. Rana SS, Giuliani MJ, Oddis CV, Lacomis D. Acute onset of colchicine myoneuropathy in cardiac transplant recipients: case studies of three patients (Invited Review). Rheumatology Review Journal, 1999; 5:22-23.

3. Lacomis D, Campellone JV. Critical illness neuromyopathies. In: Pourmand R, Harati Y, eds. Advances in Neurology Series. Neuromuscular Diseases. New York: Lippincott-Raven; 2001:325-335.

4. Mendez OE, Brenner RP. Increasing the yield of EEG (Review). J of Clin Neurophysiol 2006,23:282-293.

MEETINGS AND ABSTRACTS: 1. Aggarwal A, Lacomis D, Giuliani MJ. An acute reversible motor neuron syndrome with anti-GD1b

antibodies. Poster presentation, AAEM Annual Meeting, San Francisco, California, September 30, 1994.

2. Petrella JT, Brenner RP. Hypothermia and triphasic waves. Presented at the American EEG Society annual meeting, Chicago, Illinois, September 17-18, 1994.

3. Van Cott AC, Blatt I, Brenner RP. Stimulus sensitive epileptiform bursts in suppressed EEGs: report of four cases. . Presented at the American EEG Society annual meeting, Chicago, Illinois, September 17-18, 1994.

4. Petrella JT, Giuliani MJ, Lacomis D. Lower motor neuron weakness in the intensive care unit. Poster presentation, American Academy of Neurology Annual Meeting, Seattle, Washington, May 1995.

5. Gonzalez J, Lacomis D, Kramer DJ. Mushroom myopathy. Platform presentation, AAEM Meeting, Montreal, Canada, September 23, 1995.

6. Campellone JV, Lacomis D, Giuliani MJ, Oddis CV. The role of percutaneous needle muscle biopsy in patients with suspected inflammatory myopathy. Poster presentation, the American College of Rheumatology Meeting, Orlando, Florida, October 1996.

7. Campellone JV, Lacomis D, Kramer DE, Giuliani MJ, Van Cott AC. Acute neuromuscular disease following liver transplantation: a prospective study. Poster presentation, American Neurological Association Meeting, Miami, Florida, October 1996.

8. Esfahani F, Lacomis D, Giuliani MJ. Compressive sural neuropathy secondary to xtreme sport. Poster presentation, American Association of Electrodiagnostic Medicine Meeting, Orlando, Florida, October 1998.

9. Esfahani F, Lacomis D, Giuliani MJ. Nutritional deficiencies, gastroplasty, and neurologic dysfunction. Poster presentation, American Association of Electrodiagnostic Medicine Meeting, Orlando, Florida, October 1998.

10. Zivkovic SA, Lacomis D. Electrodiagnostic features of vasculitic neuropathies. Poster presentation, American Academy of Clinical Neurophysiology, Santa Fe, New Mexico, February 14-16, 2002.

11. Zivkovic SA, Brenner RP. An unusual case of area-specific stimulus sensitive postanoxic myoclonus. Presented at the American Clinical Neurophysiology Society Annual Meeting, New Orleans, Louisiana, September 21, 2002.

12. Mendez O, Couce M, Kanal E, Abu-Elmagd KM, Bond G, McFadden K, Zivkovic SA. Granulomatous amebic encephalitis in a transplant patient: a case report. 129th Annual Meeting of American Neurological Association, Toronto, Canada, October 3-6, 2004. Annals of Neurology 56 (suppl 8):S70, 2004.

13. Abdel-Hamid, Lacomis D. A woman with shortness of breath. Neuromuscular Case Conference Presentation, American Academy of Neurology Annual Meeting, San Diego, California, April 2006.

14. Abdel-Hamid H, Lacomis D. Hydroxychloroquine myopathy. Presented at the American Academy of Neurology After Dinner Seminar, San Diego, California, April 5, 2006.

15. Sioufi F, Lacomis D. Paraneoplastic neuromyotonia syndrome with Hodgkins Disease. American Association of Electrodiagnostic Medicine, Washington DC, October 11-14, 2006.

16. Al-Lahham T, Acharya J, Bicknese A. A Case Report of Prolonged Refractory Status Epilepticus in a Teenager with Good Outcome. Poster presentation, American Epilepsy Society, Seattle, Washington, December 4, 2008.

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OTHER PUBLICATIONS: 1. Campellone JV, Lacomis D. Needle muscle biopsy in the investigation of neuromuscular disorders

[letter]. Muscle Nerve 1998;21:1562.

Goals for Rotating Residents in Neuromuscular Diseases 1. Review/learn peripheral nervous system neuroanatomy in detail, including the brachial plexus and

major muscle groups. 2. Learn the indications for and limitations of electrodiagnostic testing. 3. Learn to perform and interpret nerve conduction studies. 4. Learn to perform or understand and interpret needle electromyography. 5. Learn to evaluate and treat patients with neuromuscular diseases. 6. Learn the basics of nerve and muscle histopathology. 7. Understand the clinical implications of research findings in neuromuscular diseases.

Responsibilities for Rotating Residents in Neuromuscular Disease 1. Be present in the EMG laboratory during routine working hours. 2. Residents are required to learn to perform nerve conduction studies (at least on five normal upper

and five normal lower extremities). 3. Take a pre-and post-test during the rotation and be able to draw the brachial plexus. 4. Perform nerve conduction studies and EMG on patients as assigned. In general, needle exams will

not be performed during the first four weeks. 5. Attend mandatory conferences and present at conferences when assigned. 6. Present cases to the attending physician in conjunction with the fellow. 7. Evaluate the attending physicians at the end of the rotation and return the form to the education

coordinator.

Generating EMG Reports If the study is normal, it is mandatory that a brief history be dictated for each patient. If the EMG study is abnormal, a brief history is optional. The typed or dictated summary should emphasize the abnormalities. “Special” tests, including F-waves and H-reflexes, must be mentioned. Present tense is preferred for the nerve conductions; the past tense can be used for the needle examination. The reports should be as succinct as possible. An example of a normal upper extremity nerve conduction study is as follows:

The right median, ulnar, and radial sensory responses are normal. The right median, ulnar, and radial motor responses are normal including conduction velocities and F-waves.

It is acceptable to merely mention the abnormalities and state that the other nerves that were examined (see list) were normal, but the special tests need to be stated for coding. In dictating the needle examination findings, slang terms such as “thin units” or “unit” are to be avoided. The proper terms would include “short duration” “motor unit potentials.” The needle examination findings should also be succinct. It is inappropriate to list individual muscles. A pattern should be identified when present. For example, one could state, “long duration, polyphasic motor unit potentials were present in right L-5 innervated muscles.” Another example is “short duration, low amplitude polyphasic motor unit potentials were present in proximal more than distal arm and leg muscles.”

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The impression is the most important component of the report. Diagnosis should be listed individually and numbered in a new paragraph. Since EMG is considered an extension of the clinical examination, it is useful to use the term “electrodiagnostic evidence of” prior to each diagnosis. Clinical diagnoses and clinical recommendations are not part of the electrodiagnostic impression. They should be mentioned in a separate paragraph, e.g., “clinical correlation.”

Goals for Rotating Residents in EEG/EMU 1. Review and learn various seizure disorders, including their presentations, diagnosis, and treatment. 2. Learn the indications for and limitations of electroencephalography, including indications for emergent

EEG testing. 3. Learn the basics of EEG equipment, setup, and operation. 4. Learn to read and interpret routine and prolonged EEGs. 5. Learn to evaluate and treat patients with seizure disorders. 6. Understand the indications for epilepsy surgery, pre-surgical workup, and post-surgical follow-up. 7. Understand the clinical implications of research findings in seizure disorders.

Responsibilities for Rotating Residents in EEG/EMU 1. Review and learn various seizure disorders, including their presentations, diagnosis, and treatment. 2. Learn the indications for and limitations of electroencephalography, including indications for emergent

EEG testing. 3. Learn the basics of EEG equipment, setup, and operation. 4. Learn to read and interpret routine and prolonged EEGs. 5. Learn to evaluate and treat patients with seizure disorders. 6. Understand the indications for epilepsy surgery, pre-surgical workup, and post-surgical follow-up. 7. Understand the clinical implications of research findings in seizure disorders.

Generating EEG Reports The format for generating and EMG report must include the patient’s identifying information (name, medical record number, and EEG number), brief history, EEG diagnosis/findings, EEG description, and interpretation/conclusions. An example of a normal EEG study is as follows: Patient Name: John Doe Medical Record Number: 000-00-0000 EEG Number: 00000X or 00000C (“X” denotes XLTEK record; “C” denotes CEEGraph record) History:

An EEG is requested in this 33 year-old man with a history of HTN and DM, who now has syncopal episodes. EEG Diagnosis: Normal EEG Description:

A resting 22-channel, digital EEG was performed with a total recording time of 25 minutes. A dominant posterior rhythm of 10 Hz was present following eye closure. There were no epileptiform abnormalities. Hyperventilation had little effect on the resting record. Intermittent photic stimulation did not elicit a well-developed driving response.

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Interpretation: This is a normal EEG. 1. The diagnosis should be listed individually and numbered in a new paragraph. Depending on which

attending physician is assigned to read, the resident may be required to give diagnoses utilizing the Mayo Classification of EEG diagnosis.

2. When describing the EEG, several key notations must be made. This includes the type of recording (i.e., portable or resting; number of channels; total time; awake or awake and sleep). Also, the background rhythms must be described, whether it is slow or of normal frequency. Any localizing or lateralizing abnormalities should be included. Any prominent artifacts, such as eye movements or a glossokinetic potential artifact, should be mentioned. Any epileptiform abnormalities, such as sharp waves, spikes, PLEDs, or seizures must be noted. The driving response to photic stimulation must be mentioned. The resident must note if the patient has any clinically abnormal movements or is appropriately responsive. A thorough description of the EEG must be provided, and much of what is described will depend on the case. An understanding of critical data to include in the description is gained through experience in interpreting and generating reports.

3. The interpretation/conclusion is the most important aspect of the report. If the EEG is normal, it must be simply stated; if abnormal, the findings must be briefly summarized, and when indicated, a clinical correlation included. For example, if the EEG was performed for a patient with mental status changes, and the EEG revealed generalized slowing, the interpretation could state, “This is an abnormal EEG revealing diffuse slowing of the background rhythms. This type of pattern may be seen with toxic/metabolic encephalopathies. There were no epileptiform abnormalities.”

EMG CONFERENCE Wednesday, 2 – 3 PM, 802 Kauffman Medical Building

DATE TOPIC

Jul. 2, 2008 NO CONFERENCE Jul. 9 NO CONFERENCE Jul. 16 NO CONFERENCE Jul. 23 NO CONFERENCE Jul. 30 Nerve Conduction Techniques, Chapter 4, Shin J Oh.

Aug. 6 Basic Principles and Pitfalls of Nerve Conduction Studies, Jun Kimura, AAEM Course A, Fundamentals in Electrodiagnostic Medicine 1992.

Aug. 13 AAEM Minimonograph #13: H-Reflexes and F-Waves: Physiology and Clinical Indications, Morris A. Fisher, rev. Nov. 1992.

Aug. 20

AAEM Minimonograph #14: The Effects of Temperature in Neuromuscular Electrophysiology, S. Rutkove, July 2001. AAEM Minimonograph #17: Factors Affecting the Amplitude of Human Sensory Compound Action Potentials, Charles F. Bolton, Oct. 1981.

Aug. 27 AAEM Minimonograph #11: Needle Examination in Electromyography, Jasper R. Daube, rev. Aug. 1991.

Sep. 3 Far-Field Potentials. Muscle & Nerve 1993:16:237-254.

Sep. 10 Pseudofacilitation, a Misleading Term. Muscle & Nerve 1994;17:599-607. AAEM Minimonograph #10: Volume Conduction. Muscle & Nerve 1991;14:605-624.

Sep. 17 AAEM Minimonograph #2: Important Anomalous Innervations of the Extremities, Ludwig Gutmann, rev. Apr. 1993.

Sep. 24 AAEM Minimonograph #32: The Electrophysiologic Examination in Patients with Radiculopathies, Asa J. Wilbourn and Michael J. Aminoff, Nov. 1998.

Oct. 1 AAEM Minimonograph #34: Polyneuropathy Classification by Nerve Conduction and EMG, Peter D. Donofrio and James W. Alber, Oct. 1990.

Oct. 8 AAEM Minimonograph #26: Electrodiagnosis of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, J Clarke

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DATE TOPIC Stevens, Apr. 1997.

Oct. 15 AAEM Minimonograph #12: Common Peroneal Mononeuropathy at the Fibular Head, Asa J. Wilbourn

Oct. 22 Electrodiagnostic Approach to the Patient with Suspected Brachial Plexopathy, Ferrante MA, Wilbourn AJ. Neurol Clin N Am, 2002;20:423-450.

Oct. 29

AAEM Case Report #14: Neuralgic Amyotrophy (Acute Brachial Neuropathy), SH Subramony, Jan. 1988. AAEM Case Report #28: Monomelic Amyotrophy. Muscle and Nerve 1994;17:1129-1134. Case Report #19: Ischemic Monomelic Neuropathy, Kerry H. Levin, Oct. 1989.

Nov. 5

AAEM Case Report #22: Polymyositis, LR Robinson, Apr. 1991. Electrodiagnostic Approach to the Patient with Suspected Myopathy. Lacomis D. Neurol Clin N Am, 2002:20:587-603.

Nov. 12 AAEM Case Report #20: Hereditary Motor and Sensory Neuropathy, Type 1, DA Chad, Nov. 1989.

Nov. 19 AAEM Minimonograph #31: The Electrodiagnosis of Ulnar Neuropathy at the Elbow, JC Kincaid, Oct. 1988.

Nov. 26 NO CONFERENCE

Dec. 3 AAEM Minimonograph # 27: Differential Diagnosis of Myotonic Syndromes, EW Streib, 1987.

Dec. 10

AAEM Minimonograph #33: Electrodiagnostic Approach to Defects of the Neuromuscular Transmission, JC Keesey, Aug. 1989. AAEM Minimonograph #25: Single Fiber Electromyography in Myasthenia Gravis, DB Sanders and James F. Howard, Sept. 1996.

Dec. 17

AAEM Minimonograph #33: Electrodiagnostic Approach to Defects of the Neuromuscular Transmission, JC Keesey, Aug. 1989. AAEM Minimonograph #25: Single Fiber Electromyography in Myasthenia Gravis, DB Sanders and James F. Howard, Sept. 1996.

Dec. 24 NO CONFERENCE Dec. 31 NO CONFERENCE Jan. 7, 2009 Case Report #26: Seventh Cranial Neuropathy, JM Gilchrist, Jun. 1993.

Jan. 14

Minimonograph #40: Clinical Neurophysiology of the Respiratory System, CF Bolton, Nov. 1993. AAEM Case Report #29: Prolonged Paralysis After Neuromuscular Junction Blockade, Gooch JL, 1995.

Jan. 21 Case Report #4: Guillain-Barré Syndrome, DH Weinberg, Feb. 1999. Case Report #16: Botulism, RA Maselli and N Bakshi, Aug. 2000.

Jan. 28 Case Report #7: True Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome, AJ Wilbourn, Oct. 1982.

Feb. 4

Case Report #27: Acute Retrohumeral Radial Neuropathies, Brown, Bradley, Watson, Nov. 1993. Case Report #25: Anterior Interosseous Nerve Syndrome, JJ Wertsch, Oct. 1992.

Feb. 11

AAEM Workshop Handout: Somatosensory Evoked Potentials: Basics, Goldberg, Lagattuta, Kraft, Oct. 1993. AAEM Minimonograph #19: Mar. 1998.

Feb. 18 AAME Minimonograph # 44: Diseases Associated with Excess Motor Unit Activity. Muscle & Nerve 1994;17:1250-1263.

Feb. 25 Congenital Myopathies. Muscle & Nerve 1993;16:237-254. EMG Evaluation of the Floppy Infant, HR Jones, Muscle & Nerve 1990;13:338-347.

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DATE TOPIC

Mar. 4 AAEM Minimonograph #18: Electrodiagnostic Studies in ALS and Other Motor Neuron Disorders, JR Daube, Oct. 2000.

Mar. 11 AAEM Minimonograph #42: Intra-operative Monitoring of Peripheral and Cranial Nerves, WF Brown and J Veitch, Apr. 1994.

Mar. 18 AAEM Minimonograph #48: Autonomic Nervous System Testing, JM Ravits, Aug. 1997.

Mar. 25 AAEM Minimonograph #28: Traumatic Injury to Peripheral Nerves, LR Robinson, Jun. 2000.

Apr. 1 NO CONFERENCE Apr. 8 NO CONFERENCE Apr. 15 NO CONFERENCE Apr. 22 NO CONFERENCE Apr. 29 NO CONFERENCE May 6 NO CONFERENCE May 13 NO CONFERENCE May 20 NO CONFERENCE May 27 NO CONFERENCE

Additional Readings 1. AAEM Case Report #23: Acute Paralytic Poliomyelitis, YT so and RK Olner, Dec. 1991. 2. AAEM Minimonograph #41: Neuromuscular Diseases Associated with HIV-1 Infection, DJ Lange,

Jan. 1994. 3. AAEM Minimonograph #3: Motor Unit Recruitment, Jack H. Petajan, rev. June 1991.

EMG CASE CONFERENCE Tuesday, 12 – 1 PM, EMG Lab

DATE TOPIC

Jul. 1, 2008 Electrodiagnostic glossary Part 1 Jul. 8 Electrodiagnostic glossary Part 2 Jul. 15 Interpretation of electrodiagnostic data – Part 1 Jul. 22 Interpretation of electrodiagnostic data – Part 2 Jul. 29 Common mononeuropathies – median mononeuropathy at the wrist – Part 1 Aug. 5 Common mononeuropathies – median mononeuropathy at the wrist – Part 2 Aug. 12 Common mononeuropathies – ulnar mononeuropathy at the elbow – Part 1 Aug. 19 Common mononeuropathies – ulnar mononeuropathy at the elbow – Part 2 Aug. 26 Common mononeuropathies – peroneal mononeuropathy at the fibular head Sep. 2 Common mononeuropathies – tarsal tunnel syndrome Sep. 9 Uncommon mononeuropathies in the upper extremities – Part 1 Sep. 16 Uncommon mononeuropathies in the upper extremities – Part 2 Sep. 23 Uncommon mononeuropathies in the lower extremities – Part 1 Sep. 30 Uncommon mononeuropathies in the lower extremities – Part 2 Oct. 7 Brachial plexopathies – Part 1 Oct. 14 Brachial plexopathies – Part 2 Oct. 21 Brachial plexopathies – Part 3 Oct. 28 Lumbosacral plexopathies – Part 1

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Nov. 4 Lumbosacral plexopathies – Part 2 Nov. 11 Cervical radiculopathy – Part 1 Nov. 18 Cervical radiculopathy – Part 2 Nov. 25 NO CONFERENCE Dec. 2 Cervical radiculopathy – Part 3 Dec. 9 Lumbosacral radiculopathy – Part 1 Dec. 16 Lumbosacral radiculopathy – Part 2 Dec. 23 NO CONFERENCE Dec. 30 NO CONFERENCE Jan. 6, 2009 Lumbosacral radiculopathy – Part 3 Jan. 13 Anterior horn cell diseases – Part 1 Jan. 20 Anterior horn cell diseases – Part 2 Jan. 27 Anterior horn cell diseases – Part 3 Feb. 3 Polyneuropathy – Part 1 Feb. 10 Polyneuropathy – Part 2 Feb. 17 Polyneuropathy – Part 3 Feb. 24 Polyneuropathy – Part 4 Mar. 3 NMJ disorders – Part 1 Mar. 10 NMJ disorders – Part 2 Mar. 17 NMJ disorders – Part 3 Mar. 24 Primary muscle disease – Part 1 Mar. 31 Primary muscle disease – Part 2 Apr. 7 Cranial mononeuropathies – Part 1 Apr. 14 Cranial mononeuropathies – Part 2 Apr. 21 Pelvic neurophysiology – Part 1 Apr. 28 Pelvic neurophysiology – Part 2 May 5 Electrodiagnosis in the ICU – Part 1 May 12 Electrodiagnosis in the ICU – Part 2 May 19 Electrodiagnosis in the ICU – Part 3 May 26 Autonomic Testing July 1 Testing for small fiber polyneuropathy

The above topics will be covered over the academic year. Additional topics may be included. The format includes presentation and discussion of one or two cases in the categories listed. In order to maintain interest, the topics may not necessarily be scheduled in the order listed. In addition, I will frequently (participants are also welcome to) bring an unknown case for further enhancing the quality of learning. Sleep Disorders: Goals and Responsibilities Goals: to acquire an overview of: 1. Normal human chronobiology 2. Clinical evaluation of sleep disorders 3. The neurophysiological tests available to assess suspected sleep disorders appropriately.

Objectives: 1. To review polysomnograms and understand the normal stages of sleep. 2. To attend sleep clinic and sleep conferences in order to evaluate and understand sleep disorders

Page 41 of 48


3. To review polysomnograms from patients with sleep disorders and to understand the findings Intraoperative Electrophysiological Monitoring: Goals and Responsibilities The major goal of this rotation is to provide clinical neurophysiology trainees with the necessary background and skills to direct and interpret electrocorticography, and the use of evoked potentials. In particular, the resident should be able to: Goal: to obtain basic knowledge of intra-operative monitoring of cerebral, brainstem, and cranial nerve, spinal cord, and peripheral nervous system functions. Objectives: 1. To review intra-operative EEGs, evoked potential, and nerve root monitoring and understand the

associated basic technical factors. 2. To observe and understand the patterns of EEG related to anesthesia. 3. To observe EEG or evoked potential changes during brain and carotid surgery and to understand the

importance of focal changes. 4. To observe and understand the usefulness, limitations, and electrical patterns of somatosensory

evoked potentials and nerve root monitoring during spinal cord surgery.

REQUIRED AAEM RESOURCES www.aaem.net

AAEM Practice Issues and Position Statements (please view website, www.aaem.net/aaem/practiceissues/positionstatements/positionstatements.cfm) 1. Guidelines for Establishing a Quality Assurance Program in an Electrodiagnostic Laboratory, Muscle

Nerve 1999:22(S8):S22-S39. 2. Guidelines for Ethical Behavior Relating to Clinical Practice Issues in Electrodiagnostic Medicine

Muscle Nerve 1999:22(S8):S43-S47. 3. Referral Guidelines for Electrodiagnostic Medicine Consultations 4. Electrodiagnostic Testing of Pregnant Women 5. Expert Witness Testimony 6. Guidelines for Ethical Behavior Relating to Clinical Practice Issues in Electrodiagnostic Medicine 7. Appropriate Payors for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome 8. Billing for Same Day Evaluation and Management and Electrodiagnostic Testing 9. Inappropriate Requirement of Hard Copy Needle EMG for Reimbursement 10. Recommended Educational Requirements for the Practice of Electrodiagnostic Medicine 11. Credentialing of Physicians as Electrodiagnostic Medicine Consultants 12. Clinical neurophysiology training and certification in the United States: 2000. Neurology

2000;55:1773-1778. AAEM Practice Issues and Advocacy (please view website, www.aaem.net/aaem/practiceissues/practice parameters/practiceparameters.cfm) 1. Guidelines for Somatosensory Evoked Potentials 2. Practice Parameter for Electrodiagnostic Studies in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Summary Statement 3. Practice Parameter for Needle Electromyographic Evaluation of Patients with Suspected Cervical

Radiculopathy: Summary Statement 4. Practice Parameter for Electrodiagnostic Studies in Ulnar Neuropathy at the Elbow: Summary

Statement 5. Somatosensory Evoked Potentials: Clinical Uses

Page 42 of 48

http://www.aaem.net/aaem/practiceissues/positionstatements/positionstatements.cfm

http://www.aaem.net/aaem/practiceissues/practice%20parameters/practiceparameters.cfm


ETHICS 1. American Medical Association. Code of Medical Ethics: Current Opinions with Annotations, 2000-

2001. Chicago: American Medical Association, 2000. 2. American Association of Electrodiagnostic Medicine. Guidelines for Ethical Behavior Relating to

Clinical Practice Issues in Electrodiagnostic Medicine. Rochester, MN: American Association of Electrodiagnostic Medicine, 1997.

Suggested Reading 1. Aminoff MJ. Electrodiagnosis in Clinical Neurology. 4th ed. New York: Churchill Livingston, 1999. 2. Aminoff MJ. Electromyography in Clinical Practice: Clinical and Electrodiagnostic Aspect of

Neuromuscular Disease. 3rd ed. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1997. 3. Brown WF, Bolton CF. Clinical Electromyography. 2nd ed. Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1993. 4. Buschbacher RM. Manual of Nerve Conduction Studies. New York: Demos Medical, 1999. 5. Campbell WW. Essentials of Electrodiagnostic Medicine. New York: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins,

1998. 6. Chakravorty S. Magnetic Stimulation in Clinical Neurophysiology. Boston: Butterworths; 1990. 7. Chiappa KH. Evoked Potentials in Clinical Medicine. 3rd ed. New York: Lippincott Williams &

Wilkins, 1997. 8. Daube JR, editor. Clinical Neurophysiology. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002. 9. DeLisa JA, Lee MJ, Baran EM, Lai KS, Spielholz N, MacKenzie K. Manual of Nerve Conduction

Velocity and Clinical Neurophysiology. 3rd ed. New York: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 1994. 10. Desmedt JE. Neuromonitoring in Surgery. Clinical Neurophysiology Updates, No 1. Amsterdam:

Elsevier; 1989. 11. Dumitru D. Electrodiagnostic Medicine. Philadelphia: Hanley & Belfus, 2001. 12. Geiringer SR. Clinical Electrophysiology. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation: State of the Art

Reviews. Philadelphia: Hanley & Belfus; 1999. 13. Griggs RC, Mendell J, Miller RG. Evaluation and Treatment of Myopathies. Contemporary

Neurology Series, No 44. Philadelphia: FA Davis, 1995. 14. Grundy B. Evoked Potentials: Intraoperative and Intensive Care Unit Monitoring. New York:

Springer-Verlag; 1989. 15. Johnson EW, Pease WS, editors. Practical Electromyography. 3rd ed. Baltimore: Lippincott

Williams & Wilkins, 1997. 16. Jones HR, Bolton CF, Harper CM. Pediatric Clinical Electromyography. New York: Lippincott

Williams & Wilkins, 1996. 17. Katirji B. Electromyography in Clinical Practice. A Case Study Approach. Philadelphia: Mosby,

1998. 18. Kimura J. Electrodiagnosis in Diseases of Nerve and Muscle: Principles and Practice. 3rd ed. New

York: Oxford University Press, 2001. 19. Kline DG, Hudson AR. Nerve injuries: Operative Results of Major Nerve Injuries, Entrapments, and

Tumors. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1995. 20. Levin KH, Luders HO. Comprehensive Clinical Neurophysiology. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 2000. 21. Liveson JA. Peripheral Neurology: Case Studies. 3rd ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000. 22. Misulis KE. Spehlmann’s Evoked Potential Primer: Visual, Auditory and Somatosensory Evoked

Potentials in Clinical Diagnosis. 2nd ed. Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1994. 23. OH SJ. Principles of Clinical Electromyography: Case Studies. Baltimore: Lippincott, Williams &

Wilkins, 1998. 24. Ouvrier RA, McLeod JG, Pollard JD. Peripheral Neuropathy in Childhood. 2nd ed. International

Review of Child Neurology Series. London, UK: MacKeith Press for the International Child Neurology Association, 1999.

25. Preston DC, Shapiro BE. Electromyography and Neuromuscular Disorders. Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1997.

26. Stalberg EV, Trontelj JV. Single Fiber Electromyography: Studies in Healthy and Diseased Muscle. 2nd ed. New York: Raven Press, 1997.

Page 43 of 48


NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASE 1. Brooke M. A Clinician’s View of Neuromuscular Diseases. 2nd ed. Baltimore: Lippincott Williams &

Wilkins, 1986. 2. Cros D, editor. Peripheral Neuropathy: a Practical Approach to Diagnosis and Management. New

York: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2001. 3. Dawson DM, Hallett M, Wilborn AJ, Campbell WW, Terrono AL, Trepman E. Entrapment

Neuropathies. 3rd ed. Baltimore: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 1998. 4. Dyck PJ, Thomas PK. Diabetic Neuropathy. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1999. 5. Eisen A, Krieger C. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Synthesis of Research and Clinical Practice.

New York: Cambridge University Press, 1998. 6. Engel AG, editor. Myasthenia Gravis and Myasthenic Disorders. New York: Oxford University

Press, 1999. 7. Engel AG, Franzini-Armstrong C. Myology: Basic and Clinical. 2nd ed. Vols 1 & 2. New York:

McGraw-Hill, 1994. 8. Katirji B, Kaminski HJ, Preston DC, Ruff RL, Shapiro BE, editors. Neuromuscular Disorders in

Clinical Practice. Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2002. 9. Layzer RB. Neuromuscular Manifestations of Systemic Disease. Philadelphia: FA Davis, 1985. 10. Logigian EL, editor. Neurologic Clinics: Entrapment and Other Focal Myopathies. Philadelphia: WB

Saunders, 1999. 11. Mendell JR, Kissel JT, Cornblath DR, editors. Diagnosis and Management of Peripheral Nerve

Disorders. Contemporary Neurology Series, No 59. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001. 12. Mendell JR, Kissel JT, Cornblath DR, editors. Diagnosis and Management of Peripheral Nerve

Disorders. Contemporary Neurology Series, No 59. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001. 13. Pourmand R, editor. Neuromuscular Diseases: Expert Clinicians’ Views. Boston: Butterworth-

Heinemann, 2001. 14. Ropper AH, Wijdicks EFM, Truax BT. Guillain-Barré Syndrome. Contemporary Neurology Series, No

34. Philadelphia: FA Davis, 1991. 15. Senneff JA. Numb Toes and Aching Soles: Coping with Peripheral Neuropathy. San Antonio:

Medpress, 1999. 16. Shapira AHV, Griggs RC, editors. Muscle Diseases. Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1999. 17. Stewart JD. Focal Peripheral Neuropathies, 3rd ed. New York: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 1999. 18. Sunderland S. Nerve Injuries and Their Repair: A Critical Appraisal. New York: Churchill

Livingstone, 1990. 19. Walton JN, Karpati G, Hilton Jones D, editors. Disorders of Voluntary Muscle. 6th ed. New York:

Churchill Livingstone, 1994. 20. Younger DS. Motor Disorders. New York: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 1999. ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, AND PATHOLOGY 1. Carpenter S, Karpati J. Pathology of Skeletal Muscle. 2nd ed. New York: Oxford University Press,

2001. 2. Clemente CD. Anatomy: A Regional Atlas of the Human Body. 4th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott

Williams & Wilkins, 1997. 3. Cumming WJK, Fulthorpe J, Hudgson P, Mahon M. A Color Atlas of Muscle Pathology. London:

Mosby and Wolfe, 1994. 4. Geiringer SR. Anatomic Localization for Needle Electromyography. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Hanley &

Belfus, 1999. 5. Goodgold J. Anatomical Correlates of Clinical Electromyography. 2nd ed. Baltimore: Lippincott

Williams & Wilkins, 1985. 6. Kandel ER, Schwartz JH, Jessell TM. Principles of Neural Science. 4th ed. New York: McGraw Hill,

2000. 7. King R. Atlas of Peripheral Nerve Pathology. London: Edward Arnold, 1999. 8. Lee HJ, DeLisa JA. Surface Anatomy for Clinical Needle Electromyography. New York: Demos

Medical, 1999. 9. Midroni G, Bilbao J. Biopsy Diagnosis of Peripheral Neuropathy. Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann,

1995.

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10. Moore KL, Dalley AF. Clinically Oriented Anatomy. 4th ed. New York: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 1999.

11. Perotto A. Anatomical Guide for the Electromyographer: the Limbs and Trunk. 3rd ed. Springfield: Charles C Thomas, 1994.

12. Pulst SM, editor. Neurogenetics. Contemporary Neurology Series, No 57. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000.

13. Purves D, Augustine GJ, Fitzpatrick D, Katz LC, LaMantia AS, McNamara JO, William SM, editors. Neuroscience. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates, 2000.

14. Rosse C, Gaddum-Rosse P. Hollinshead’s Textbook of Anatomy. 5th ed. Baltimore: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 1997.

15. Zigmond MJ, Bloom FE, Landis SC, Roberts JL, Squire LR, editors. Fundamental Neuroscience. San Diego: Academic Press, 1998.

JOURNALS • American Journal of Physical Medicine and

Rehabilitation • Annals of Neurology • Archives of Neurology • Archives of Physical Medicine and

Rehabilitation • Brain • Clinical Neurophysiology

• Electromyography and Clinical Neurophysiology • Journal of Clinical Neuromuscular Diseases • Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology • Journal of the Neurological Sciences • Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and

Psychiatry • Muscle & Nerve • Neurology • Pediatric Neurology

AAEM publications

SUGGESTED ACNS RESOURCES www.acns.org

Suggested Reading – EEG and Evoked Potentials 1. Aminoff MJ. Electrodiagnosis in Clinical Neurology. 4th ed. New York: Churchill Livingston, 1999. 2. Blume WT, Masako, KG, Young B. Atlas of Adult Electroencephalography. 2nd ed. Philadelphia:

Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 2002. 3. Blume WT, Kaibara M, editors. Atlas of Pediatric Electroencephalography. 2nd ed. Philadelphia:

Lippincott-Raven, 1999. 4. Daube JR, editor. Clinical Neurophysiology. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002. 5. Duffy FH. Topographic Mapping of Brain Electrical Activity. Boston: Butterworths, 1986. 6. Ebersole JS, Pedley TA, editors. Current Practice of Clinical Electroencephalography. 3rd ed.

Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 2002. 7. Fisch BJ. Fisch and Spehlmann’s EEG Primer. 3rd ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier Health Sciences, 1999. 8. Goldensohn AD, Legatt SK, Wolf SM. Goldensohn’s EEG Interpretation: Problems of Overreading

and Underreading. 2nd ed. Armonk: Futura Publishing Co., 1999. 9. Guberman A, Couture M. Atlas of Electroencephalography. Boston: Little, Brown and Company,

1989. 10. Hughes JR, Wilson WP. EEG and Evoked Potentials in Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurology.

Boston: Butterworths, 1983. 11. Hughes JR. EEG in Clinical Practice. Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1994. 12. Luders H, Noachtar S, Benson JK (translator). Atlas and Classification of Electroencephalography.

Allan Ross, ed. Philadelphia: W B Saunders 2000. 13. Misulis KE, Head TC, editors. Essentials of Clinical Neurophysiology. 3rd ed. Boston: Butterworth-

Heinemann, 2003. 14. Misulis KE. Spehlmann’s Evoked Potential Primer: Visual, Auditory, and Somatosensory Evoked

Potentials in Clinical Diagnosis. 3rd ed. Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2001. 15. Mizrahi EM, Hrachovy RA, Kellaway P, editors. Atlas of Neonatal Electroencephalography. 3rd ed.

Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 2004.

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16. Niedermeyer E, Lopes da Silva F, editors. Electroencephalography: Basic Principles, Clinical Applications, and Related Fields. 4th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 1999.

17. Nunez PL. Electric Fields of the Brain: The Neurophysics of EEG. New York: Oxford University Press, 1981.

18. Rowan AJ, Tolunsky E. Primer of EEG With a Mini-Atlas. Philadelphia: Butterworth-Heinemann Medical, 2003.

19. Sperling MR. Atlas of Electroencephalography, Volume 3, Intracranial Electroencephalography. New York: Elsevier, 1993.

20. Stockard-Pope JE, Werner SS, Bickford RG. Atlas of Neonatal Electroencephalography. 2nd ed. New York: Raven Press, 1992.

21. Tyner FS, Knot JR, Mayer BW. Fundamentals of EEG Technology: Vol. 2, Clinical Correlates. New York: Raven Press, 1989.

22. Walker AE. Cerebral Death. Baltimore-Munich: Urban & Schwarzenberg, 1985. 23. Wong PKH, editor. Digital EEG in Clinical Practice. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven, 1996. Suggested Reading – Epilepsy 1. Ajmone-Marsan C, Ralston BL. The Epileptic Seizure. Illinois: Charles C. Thomas, 1957. 2. Delanty N, editor. Seizures: Medical Causes and Management. Humana Press, 2001. 3. Duncan JS, Shorvon SD, Fish DR. Clinical Epilepsy. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1995. 4. Engel Jr J, Pedley TA, editors. Epilepsy: A Comprehensive Textbook. Philadelphia: Lippincott-

Raven, 1998. 5. Ettinger AB, Kanner AM, editors. Psychiatric Issues in Epilepsy: A Practical Guide to Diagnosis and

Treatment. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2001. 6. Ettinger AB, Devinsky O, editors. Managing Epilepsy and Co-Existing Disorders. Boston:

Butterworth-Heinemann, 2002. 7. Fisher RS. Imitators of Epilepsy. New York: Demos Publications, 1994. 8. Forster FM. Reflex Epilepsy, Behavioral Therapy and Conditional Reflexes. Illinois: Charles C.

Thomas, 1977. 9. Gastaut H, Broughton R. Epileptic Seizures. Illinois: Charles C. Thomas, 1972. 10. Hauser WA, Hesdorffer DC. Epilepsy: Frequency, Causes and Consequences. New York: Demos

Publications, 1990. 11. Jeavons PM, Harding GFA. Photosensitive Epilepsy. Philadelphia: JB Lippincott Co., 1975. 12. Kuzniecky RI, Jackson GD. Magnetic Resonance in Epilepsy. New York: Raven Press, 1995. 13. Luders H, Noachtar S, editors. Epileptic Seizures Pathophysiology and Clinical Semiology. New

York: Churchill Livingston, 2000. 14. Luders H, editor. Epilepsy Comprehensive Review and Case Discussions. London: Martin Dunitz,

2001. 15. Newmark ME, Penry JK. Photosensitivity and Epilepsy: A Review. New York: Raven Press, 1979. 16. Pellock JM, Dodson WE, Bourgeois BFD, editors. Pediatric Epilepsy Diagnosis and Therapy. 2nd ed.

New York: Demos, 2001. 17. Penfield W, Jasper H. Epilepsy and the Functional Anatomy of the Human Brain. Boston: Little,

Brown and Company, 1954. 18. Penry JK, Daly DD. Advances in Neurology Volume 11, Complex Partial Seizures and Their

Treatment. New York: Raven Press, 1975. 19. Shorvon S. Status Epilepticus: Its Clinical Features and Treatment in Children and Adults. New

York: Cambridge University Press, 1994. 20. Theodore WH, Porter RJ. Epilepsy: 100 Elementary Principles. London: W.B. Saunders Company

Ltd., 1995. 21. Wyllie E, editor. The Treatment of Epilepsy: Principles and Practice. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott

Williams & Wilkins, 2001.

Page 46 of 48


MUSCLE/NERVE CONFERENCE Tuesday, 3:30 - 4:30 PM

Didactic Sessions - NP Library; Glass Slide Conferences - A509

DATE TOPIC PRESENTER

Jul. 1, 2008 NO CONFERENCE

Jul. 8 How to Read a Muscle Biopsy Lacomis

Jul. 15 NO CONFERENCE

Jul. 22 Overview of Muscle Pathology Lacomis

Jul. 29 NO CONFERENCE

Aug. 5 Overview of Nerve Pathology Lacomis

Aug. 12 Inflammatory Myopathies: PM, DM, IBM Lacomis

Aug. 19 Glass Slide Case Presentation Lacomis

Aug. 26 Myopathies, Infectious and Granulomatous†† Thirumala

Sep. 2 Weakness in Critically-Ill Patients Lacomis

Sep. 9 Glass Slide Case Presentation Kellemier or Yeaney

Sep. 16 Major Toxic and Endocrine Myopathies Bekele-Arcuri

Sep. 23 Glass Slide Case Presentation Kellemier or Yeaney

Sep. 30 Myotonic Dystrophies 1 and 2 Stevens

Oct. 7 Glass Slide Case Presentation Kellemier or Yeaney

Oct. 14 Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophies Thirumala

Oct. 21 CPC Presentation Stevens

Oct. 28 Dystrophinopathies Bekele-Arcuri

Nov. 4 Glass Slide Case Presentation Kellemier or Yeaney

Nov. 11 FSH, Emery-Dreifuss, and OPD Stevens

Nov. 18 Glass Slide Case Presentation Kellemier or Yeaney

Nov. 25 Distal Myopathies Thirumala

Dec. 2 Glass Slide Case Presentation Kellemier or Yeaney

Dec. 9 Central Core, Nemaline Rod, Centronuclear Myopathies & CFTD Bekele-Arcuri

Dec. 16 CPC Presentation Thirumala

Dec. 23 NO CONFERENCE

Dec. 30 NO CONFERENCE

Jan. 6, 2009 Congenital Muscular Dystrophies Stevens

Jan. 13 NO CONFERENCE

Jan. 20 Lipid and Glycogen Storage Myopathies Thirumala

Jan. 27 Mitochondrial† Myopathy Bekele-Arcuri

Feb. 3 Glass Slide Presentation Kellemier or Yeaney

Feb. 10 Anterior Horn Cell Diseases Stevens

Feb. 17 Glass Slide Case Presentation Kellemier or Yeaney

Feb. 24 Guillain-Barré Syndrome and CIDP Thirumala

Mar. 3 Glass Slide Presentation Kellemier or Yeaney

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DATE TOPIC PRESENTER

Mar. 10 Charcot-Marie-Tooth Diseases Bekele-Arcuri

Mar. 17 CPC Presentation Bekele-Arcuri

Mar. 24 Paraneoplastic Neuropathies Stevens

Mar. 31 NO CONFERENCE

Apr. 7 Glass Slide Case Presentation Kellemier or Yeaney

Apr. 14 Vasculitic Peripheral Neuropathy Thirumala

Apr. 21 Glass Slide Case Presentation Kellemier or Yeaney

Apr. 28 Amyloid and Paraproteinemic Neuropathies Bekele-Arcuri

May 5 NO CONFERENCE

May 12 Glass Slide Case Presentation Kellemier or Yeaney

May 19 Toxic Neuropathies Stevens

May 26 † Concentrate on CPEOs and primary mitochondrial muscle involvement. †† Includes viral, bacterial, parasitic infections

Page 48 of 48

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