GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY THROUGH WASTE

PRESENTED BY:ALEX BOAKYE ENG14B00412YANDISAAC DJANKWEI NII DJAN ENG14B00260Y

SUPERVISOR: GEORGE HINSONGENERATION OF ELECTRICITY THROUGH PLASTIC WASTE

TABLE OF CONTENTIntroductionProblem StatementGeneral and Specific ObjectivesMethodologySystem Block DiagramSystem Design System Testing and ImplementationResults and AnalysisDiscussion ConclusionRecommendations

INTRODUCTIONIn accordance with the fast growing population, the demand for energy and the discharge of waste are increasing day by day. To overcome the energy crisis, alternative energy sources are the only remedy.Currently, the ability to meet the demand for energy has become a serious problem in many countries, in particular in developing countries due to the increasing population and the high demand for electricity (Balat, 2006) and Ghana is not an exception. Generation of energy from waste is beneficial in many ways. It is most suitable for eco-friendly waste disposal and also for energy generation.

PROBLEM STATEMENTThe ability to meet the demand for energy has currently become a serious problem in many countries, in particular in developing countries due to the increasing population and the high demand for electricity. (Balat, 2006)The recent outages situation (emergency load shedding program) in the country (Ghana) has given rise to damage of equipments due to the instability of power supply as a result of the high demand of electricity. The outages was confirmed by the Electricity Company of Ghana (ECG) as difficulties facing power generation companies. (www.ghanaweb.com, 2013/16/07)The use of Small Thermal Plants (STPs) is an alternative way to generate electricity at a low cost, for that matter, the generation of electricity through the incineration of plastic waste.

GENERAL AND SPECIFIC OBJECTIVESThe purpose of this study is to turn turbines with energy (heat energy) derived from the burning of plastic waste to produce electricity.

The specific objectives are stated as follows:To design a thermal-power generating station driven by the mechanical energy from the incineration of plastic waste.To provide a supporting power plant to assist the existing ones of Ghana.To ensure an eco-friendly environment.

METHODOLOGYThe Evaluation method of research design was employed, using both qualitative and quantitative approaches.Both primary and secondary data sources were used in the study.

SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAMOUT-LETIN-LET

GENERATION AND TRANSMISSION CIRCUITFEED WATER AND STEAM CIRCUITFEED COOLING WATER CIRCUITPLASTIC WASTE AND ASH CIRCUIT

AIR AND GAS CIRCUIT

FUEL (SORTED PLASTIC WASTE)TO LOADBOILERCONDENSER

STEAM TURBINE GENERATION

STEAMELECTRICITYWATERHEAT

ASH

THE DESIGNED SYSTEM

SYSTEM TESTING AND IMPLEMENTATION

Plastic waste

RESULTS AND ANALYSIS

DISCUSSIONSWhen the current has a positive maximum value, the voltage produced is of negative maximum value and the rotary velocity is minimal.At a positively high rotary velocity of the shaft, the torque has a negative maximum value and vice versa.At a positively high rotary velocity of the shaft, the torque has a negative maximum value and vice versa. This explains that the torque and the rotary velocity are inversely proportional.

CONCLUSIONThe conclusions made from the study are as follows:It is possible to generate electricity through the use of plastic waste.It is very critical to generate electricity through the use of plastic waste as it is know now to be possible.The effects and benefits of eco-friendly environment will help reduce green house effect and this would be achieved gradually as it will take a little while to collect the plastic waste. It will also reduce the rate of animal fatality because plastics which would be mistaken for food by animals will be reduced.

RECOMMENDATIONDevelopers are to look critically at the selection of site for the construction of the plant before implementing in order to select the best site for the plant and it nearest to the waste site as that will reduce cost.The plant is suitable in short transmission systems as they only generate small mega watt of power, hence should be provided for small towns and villages with low power consumption.In situations where the plastic waste power plant is constructed to provide large power, it should be used in times of light load conditions or as a peaking plant or emergency plant but should not be used as a base plant. This is because the disposal of waste varies.