DLTs: 8 12 Chapter 1: The Human Body: An Orientation Unit 1:
Organization of the Body
Slide 2
The Language of Anatomy To prevent misunderstanding, anatomists
use universally accepted terms to identify body structures
precisely and with a minimum of words. The language of anatomy is
presented and explained here and in chapter 1 of your
textbook.
Slide 3
DLT 8: I can describe the anatomical position. Body erect, feet
slightly apart, palms facing forward, thumbs point away from
body
Slide 4
DLT 9: I can use correct anatomical terms to describe body
directions, regions, and body planes or sections. Directional Terms
Superior and inferior toward and away from the head, respectively
Anterior and posterior toward the front and back of the body
Medial, lateral, and intermediate toward the midline, away from the
midline, and between a more medial and lateral structure Proximal
and distal closer to and farther from the origin of the body part
Superficial and deep toward and away from the body surface
Regional Terms: Posterior View Otic (ear) Occipital (back of
head or base of skull) Cephalic (head) (b) Posterior
Slide 11
Regional Terms: Posterior View Brachial (arm) Otic (ear)
Occipital (back of head or base of skull) Acromial (point of
shoulder) Vertebral (spinal column) Scapular (shoulder blade)
Dorsum or dorsal (back) Olecranal (back of elbow) Lumbar (loin)
Sacral (between hips) Manus (hand) Upper extremity Cephalic (head)
(b) Posterior
Slide 12
Regional Terms: Posterior View Brachial (arm) Otic (ear)
Occipital (back of head or base of skull) Acromial (point of
shoulder) Vertebral (spinal column) Scapular (shoulder blade)
Dorsum or dorsal (back) Olecranal (back of elbow) Lumbar (loin)
Sacral (between hips) Gluteal (buttock) Perineal (region between
the anus and external genitalia) Femoral (thigh) Popliteal (back of
knee) Sural (calf) Calcaneal (heel) Plantar (sole) Manus (hand)
Upper extremity Cephalic (head) Lower extremity (b) Posterior
Slide 13
Body Planes Sagittal divides the body into right and left parts
Midsagittal or medial sagittal plane that lies on the midline
Frontal or coronal divides the body into anterior and posterior
parts Transverse or horizontal (cross section) divides the body
into superior and inferior parts Oblique section cuts made
diagonally
Slide 14
Body Planes
Slide 15
Anatomical Variability Humans vary slightly in both external
and internal anatomy Over 90% of all anatomical structures match
textbook descriptions, but: Nerves or blood vessels may be somewhat
out of place Small muscles may be missing Extreme anatomical
variations are seldom seen
Slide 16
DLT 10: I can locate and name the major body cavities and their
subdivisions, and list the major organs contained within them.
Dorsal cavity protects the nervous system, and is divided into two
subdivisions Cranial cavity within the skull; encases the brain
Vertebral cavity runs within the vertebral column; encases the
spinal cord Ventral cavity houses the internal organs (viscera),
and is divided into two subdivisions Thoracic Abdominopelvic
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Body Cavities Cranial cavity (contains brain) Dorsal body
cavity Diaphragm Abdominal cavity (contains digestive viscera)
Pelvic cavity (contains bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum)
Vertebral cavity (contains spinal cord) Key: Dorsal body cavity
Ventral body cavity Thoracic cavity (contains heart and lungs) (a)
Lateral view
Slide 18
Body Cavities Ventral body cavity (thoracic and abdomino-
pelvic cavities) Abdomino- pelvic cavity Superior mediastinum
Pleural cavity Cranial cavity Vertebral cavity Pericardial cavity
within the mediastinum Diaphragm Abdominal cavity (contains
digestive viscera) Pelvic cavity (contains bladder, reproductive
organs, and rectum) Thoracic cavity (contains heart and lungs) (b)
Anterior view Key: Dorsal body cavity Ventral body cavity
Slide 19
Body Cavities Thoracic cavity is subdivided into two pleural
cavities, the mediastinum, and the pericardial cavity Pleural
cavities each houses a lung Mediastinum contains the pericardial
cavity; surrounds the remaining thoracic organs Pericardial cavity
encloses the heart
Slide 20
Body Cavities The abdominopelvic cavity is separated from the
superior thoracic cavity by the dome-shaped diaphragm It is
composed of two subdivisions Abdominal cavity contains the stomach,
intestines, spleen, liver, and other organs Pelvic cavity lies
within the pelvis and contains the bladder, reproductive organs,
and rectum
Slide 21
DLT 11: I can name the serous membranes and indicate their
common function. Ventral Body Cavity Membranes Parietal serosa
lines internal body walls Visceral serosa covers the internal
organs Serous fluid separates the serosae
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Serous Membrane Relationship
Slide 23
Heart Serosae
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Other Body Cavities Oral and digestive mouth and cavities of
the digestive organs Nasal located within and posterior to the nose
Orbital house the eyes Middle ear contains bones (ossicles) that
transmit sound vibrations Synovial joint cavities
Slide 25
Other Body Cavities
Slide 26
DLT 12: I can name the nine regions or four quadrants of the
abdominopelvic cavity and list the organs they contain.
Abdominopelvic Regions
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Organs of the Abdominopelvic Regions
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Abdominopelvic Quadrants Right upper Left upper Right lower
Left lower
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