DME Vehicle in Chinaaboutdme.org/aboutdme/files/ccLibraryFiles/Filename/000000001962/7... · DME...

Huang Zhen, Qiao Xinqi, Zhang Wugao

Shanghai Jiao Tong University

China DME Association (CDA)

P.R. China

DME Vehicle in China

Contents

Energy issues in China

Progresses of DME China

--- DME engine research

--- DME vehicle standards

--- DME bus demonstration in Shanghai

Conclusions

Vehicle Production of China

In 2010, China vehicle production was 18 million, ranked No.1 in

the world.

0

200

400

600

800

1000

0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000

GDP/Cap. PPP (USD)

Ve

hic

les P

er

1000 P

ers

on

China(55)

Poland(345)

Brazil(119)

S. Korea(286)

UK(526)

Italy(667)

France(588) Germany(588) Japan(588)

US(816)

Dream and Reality

It is estimated that by 2020, vehicle population will be 225 million, and by

2030, vehicle population will be 450 million, consequently oil consumption

will be 225 million ton and 450 million ton respectively in 2020 and 2030.

Peak oil of the world

World oil peak production arrive between 2010 to 2015

China has become a net oil importer from 1993. Over 55% of total oil

consumption was imported from foreign countries in 2010.

China’s Oil Production and Consumption

Energy Insecurity Global warming Air Pollution

Challenges

Contents




--- DME vehicle standard


Conclusions

DME Utilization - LPG Alternative

DME news in China National Standard “DME for City Gas” was implemented July 1st, 2011

DME

DME Utilization – Vehicle use

DME news in China National Standard “DME fuel for vehicle” was implemented Nov. 1st, 2011

DME Engine Technology

High oxygen content

Low boiling temperature

High vapor pressure

High centane number

Low viscosity

High resolvability

Development of

NOx reduction technology

Engine reliability

Development of dedicated

fuel supply and

injection system

Rubber deterioration

Poor lubricity

NOx reduction

Smoke-free combustion

Diesel alternative

DME Pathway to more stringent regulation

USA - 2010 NOx, g/kW hr

PM

, g

/kW

hr

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0

USA 2007

USA - 1998 USA - 2004 (2002)

Euro IV - 2006

Euro V - 2009

Euro III - 2000

(5.0; 0.10)

(5.36; 0.13)

(3.5; 0.02)

(2.7; 0.13)

(2.0; 0.02)

(0.02; 0.01) (1.2; 0.01) 国4（2010）

国3（2007） 1st-G DMEV

2nd-G DMEV

3th-G DMEV

National Clean Vehicle Action Program:

1st-G DME Engine and Vehicle Demonstration

First City Bus Fuelled with DME in China in 2005

二甲醚发动机

EGR冷

却器

压气机

氧化后处理

装置（DOC）废气涡轮机

空气中冷器

EGR控

制器

废气

National 863 Hightech Project:

2nd-G DME Engine and Vehicle Demonstration

(Engine speed=1400 r/min)

Effect of EGR rate on Fuel Consumption and NOx Emission

( Engine speed=1400 r/min)

Effect of EGR rate on HC and CO emissions

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200

Speed(r/min)

Ttq(N.m)

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

Pe(kW)

DME

Diesel


2nd-G DME Engine and Vehicle Demonstration

NOx reduction

Premixed combustion

Low boiling temperature

High vapor pressure Easy evaporation

Increase plunger diameter

LPG blending

Cooled EGR

Retard Injection time

Shorten injection duration

Increase ignition delay

ium Decrease max temperature

DME Premixed Combustion


3rd-G DME Engine and Vehicle Demonstration

-10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60

0

40

80

120

160

200

12mm

13mm

RO

HR

(J/ C

A)

Crank Angle(CA)

6 CA BTDC

3 CA BTDC

n=1400r/min

BMEP=0.30MPa

Injection timing

Pure DME+30%EGR

Pure DME+w/o EGR

Plunger diameter

-10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60

0

40

80

120

160

200

70% DME+30%LPG

+15%EGR

12mm

13mm

RO

HR

(J/ C

A)

Crank Angle(CA)

6 CA BTDC

3 CA BTDC

n=1400r/min

BMEP=0.60MPa

Injection timing

Pure DME+w/o EGR

Plunger diameter

DME Premixed Combustion

Heat Release of DME

Effect of DME premixed combustion on fuel

consumption and emissions (800r/min)

200

220

240

260

280

20%EGR

0.60

BS

FC

(g/k

W.h

)

Pe(MPa)

12mm+12CA BTDC+0% LPG+0% EGR




13mm+3CA BTDC+30% LPG+optimal EGR

0.30

n=800r/min

30%EGR

0

200

400

600

800

1000

0.60

Pe(MPa)

NO

x(1

0-6)

12mm+12CA BTDC

+0% LPG+0% EGR

12mm+3CA BTDC

+0% LPG+0% EGR

13mm+3CA BTDC

+0% LPG+0% EGR

13mm+3CA BTDC

+30% LPG+0% EGR

13mm+3CA BTDC

+30% LPG+optimalEGR

0.30

n=800r/min

30%EGR

20%EGR

0

100

200

300

400

500

0.60

Pe(MPa)

HC

(10

-6)





13mm+3CA BTDC+30% LPG+optimal EGR

0.30

n=800r/min

30%EGR

20%EGR

0

200

400

600

800

0.60

Pe(MPa)

CO

(10

-6)

12mm+12CA BTDC+0% lPG+0% EGR




13mm+3CA BTDC +30% lPG+optimal EGR

0.30

n=800r/min

30%EGR

20%EGR

(n=1400r/min,BMEP=0.60MPa)

220

225

230

235

240

245

250

BS

FC

(g/k

W.h

)






n=1400r/min

Pe=0.60MPa

0

100

200

300

400

500

600 12mm+6CA BTDC+0% LPG+0% EGR





Pe=0.60MPa

NO

x(1

0-6)

n=1400r/min

0

100

200

300

400

500






Pe=0.60MPa

HC

(10

-6)

n=1400r/min

0

200

400

600

800

1000 12mm+6CA BTDC+0% LPG+0% EGR





Pe=0.60MPa

CO

(10

-6)

n=1400r/min

Effect of DME premixed combustion on fuel

consumption and emissions

Contents






Conclusions

Promotion of standard system of DME vehicle

Vehicle (4 items):

The standard of DME city-bus

Liquid DME cylinder of DME city-bus

The technical requirement of DME

city-bus dedicated parts

The setting requirement of DME city-

bus dedicated parts

Engine (3 items):

Technical requirement of DME

engine

Technical requirement of the key

part of DME engine

Calculation method of DME engine

emission

Refilling (2 items):

The filling inlet of DME city-bus

The requirement of structure, design

and detection of DME filling station

Seal materials (2 items):

Standard of EPDM for DME vehicle

Standard of plastic for DME vehicle

Fuel (1 item)：

The DME fuel standard for vehicle

Fuel tank (2 items):

The valve of DME tank

The system of DME tank

Contents






Conclusions

Shanghai DME Bus Project

Shanghai Bus Company

(No.147 City Bus)

Nation 863 Program

Shanghai Economic Committee

Shanghai JiaoTong University

(Key Technology R & D)

Shanghai Diesel Company (Engine Maker)

Shanghai Auto Industry (Bus Maker)

ENN Company (Fuel

and refueling Station

Supplier )

Vehicle DME

Tank Supplier

Lubricant Supplier

Seal Material

Supplier

DME Supply

Pump Maker

DME Valve and

Control Unit

Suppller

Local DME fuel, engine, vehicle, tank, refueling station and

parts standards

11 companies + SJTU

In this work, dedicated fuel supply, injection and combustion system,

DME-tolerant seal material, fuel additive for lubricity improvement

were developed.

Dedicated engine passed 1000 hours reliability test, DME bus passed

45000 km road test, including 3000 km road test in summer

Finally 10 city buses were successfully developed

0.00

-0.05

-0.10

-0.15

-0.20

-0.25

添加剂种类

DME＋2％蓖麻油

DME＋500

PPM

月桂酸

DME＋500

PPM

添加剂B

DME＋500

PPM

添加剂A

DME＋500

PPM

添加剂C

纯DME

特征

间隙

磨

损

量

平

均

值

Shanghai DME Bus Demonstration

First DME refueling station was

developed by ENN in Shanghai by

ENN

DME Tank: 10 cubic meter

8500 Liter (DME)


NDRC granted first licence to SAIC for DME bus manufacture and selling in 2008.

A fleet of DME buses has be put into public use for demonstration in Jan. 2010.


DME客车视频（大容量版本）.mpg

Contents






Conclusions

Barriers to Implementation

General/Marketplace

- Lack of infrastructure.

- “Chicken and the Egg” dilemma

Technological

- Technical challenges for CO2 reduction in DME

production

Way Ahead

More industry involvement in R&D and demos

- LPG alternative

- DME buses. Trucks and trains

- DME power generation

- DME Heat Pump

- Government in role of early adopters

Need for more DME users to stimulate market

Government policies and incentives

Universal set of standards.

International cooperation.

Thank You!

E-mail: [email protected]

http//ecovehicle.sjtu.edu.cn

Properties of DME and Diesel Fuel

Property (unit/condition) DME Diesel fuel

Chemical formula CH3-O-CH3 —

Mole weight (g) 46.07 170

Boiling point (°C) -24.9 180～360

Liquid density (g/cm3) 0.668 0.84

Liquid viscosity (cP) 0.15 4.4-5.4

Low heat value (MJ/kg) 28.43 42.5

Ignition temperature (°C) 235 250

Cetane number 55-60 40-55

Stoichiometric air/fuel ratio (kg/kg) 9.0 14.6

%wt of carbon 52.2 86

%wt of hydrogen 13.0 14

% wt of oxygen 34.8 0

Modulus of elasticity (N/m2) 6.37×108 1.486×109

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