8/9/2019 dmr_iwp9

1/26

1Ritchie -- OS Themes -- December 2007

Unix and Beyond:

Themes in Operating Systems Research

Dennis M. RitchieBell Laboratories

Alcatel Lucent

dmr@bell-labs.comhttp://www.cs.bell-labs.com/~dmr

8/9/2019 dmr_iwp9

2/26

2Ritchie -- OS Themes -- December 2007

Unix Origins (1969 - ...)

Bell Labs has a lon histor! in earl! o"eratin s!stems# $or

e%am"le B&-S'S $or (BM 70)% machines* Multics +en Thom"son ,ante to ,rite a com"uter o"eratin s!stem b!

the 1)0s/

&%"lore structures $or builin OSs

Buil somethin $or our o,n rou" to use

unamental iea/ a oo ,a! to re"resent ata is3 $iles4

irst ste"s $or 5ni%/

$in concrete re"resentation $or ata on is3

e$ine access methos to ata

&arliest 5ni% sim"l! trie to buil some su"erstructure to test

Thom"son6s ieas

8/9/2019 dmr_iwp9

3/26

Ritchie -- OS Themes -- December 2007

ain !ar"y #deas (1969-$%)

Much ,as inherite# es"eciall! $rom Multics "ro8ect

iles contain 8ust a se9uence o$ b!tes--

inter"retation is u" to a""lications

o"timi:ation o$ access is u" to o"eratin s!stem

"re$erence is $or $iles ,ith reaable te%t# not binar!

iles are name in a hierarchical# tree-li3e name s"ace# e..

/usr/dmr/japan/japanslides.ppt

8/9/2019 dmr_iwp9

4/26

;Ritchie -- OS Themes -- December 2007

&i"e System access operations

Basic o"erations are

8/9/2019 dmr_iwp9

5/26

=Ritchie -- OS Themes -- December 2007

'ierarchica" ames/

-- source

-- shell sh!.c

sh".c

...

-- usr

-- en

... -- dmr

-- japan

japanslides.ppt

...

...

-- bin sh

...

-- ...

These are stanar no,>

8/9/2019 dmr_iwp9

6/26

Ritchie -- OS Themes -- December 2007

ames or other things

?ierarchical namin is stanar no,

5ni% introuce a consistent abstraction/ names $or (@O e

8/9/2019 dmr_iwp9

7/26

7Ritchie -- OS Themes -- December 2007

Remote i"e systems

B! 1)C0s# Sun ,ith S4# ATET Fom"uter S!stems RS4#

an Bell Labs Research etA4 ,ere builin remote $iles!stems -- others "ioneere also# li3e Gero%

5sin RHF remote "roceure call4 mechanisms# attach $ile

s!stem hierarchies on other machines to a local machine

(m"ortant enerali:ation/ a""roach to a istribute s!stemtrans"arent to a""lications

Some "roblems/ ?o, usable are remote (@O e

8/9/2019 dmr_iwp9

8/26

CRitchie -- OS Themes -- December 2007

Unix res+"ts and impact

(n$luence has been substantial an in$luential/

Acaemic# commercial# o

8/9/2019 dmr_iwp9

9/26

)Ritchie -- OS Themes -- December 2007

,nother step: "an 9 (199-%/)

Oriinal iea/ e$ine a remote "rotocol calle )H4 to tal3 to the

$ile s!stem 5ni% bean ,ith a structural iea/

?o, to re"resent a local $ile s!stemI

Hlan ) bean ,ith this structural iea/

?o, to tal3 to resources local or remote4I

8/9/2019 dmr_iwp9

10/26

10Ritchie -- OS Themes -- December 2007

"an 9 idea 01

Ma3e all resources accessible b! $ile s!stem names//de#/console

/de#/consctl/de#/mouse/proc (information about processes) mem stac status control .../net dns (domain name service) tcp clone (create connections) tcp%&

data (send/receive data) control status

tcp!% ....

8/9/2019 dmr_iwp9

11/26

11Ritchie -- OS Themes -- December 2007

"an 9 #dea 0%

The namin scheme is "ri

8/9/2019 dmr_iwp9

12/26

12Ritchie -- OS Themes -- December 2007

!xamp"e: etor2 access

Access to net,or3 e

8/9/2019 dmr_iwp9

13/26

1Ritchie -- OS Themes -- December 2007

!xamp"e: etor2 access

Access to net,or3 e

8/9/2019 dmr_iwp9

14/26

1;Ritchie -- OS Themes -- December 2007

etor2 !xamp"e (4eore 4inding)

j a p a n . p p t

d m r . . .

u s r

s h . . .

b in

d a t a c o n t r o l

t c p 0 1 t c p 0 2

t c p D N S

n e t

/ a t s e r v e r

j a p a n . p p t

d m r . . .

u s r

s h . . .

b i n n e t

/ a t c l i e n t

8/9/2019 dmr_iwp9

15/26

1=Ritchie -- OS Themes -- December 2007

etor2 !xamp"e (ater 4inding)

j a p a n . p p t

d m r . . .

u s r

s h . . .

b in

d a t a c o n t r o l

t c p 0 1 t c p 0 2

t c p D N S

n e t

/ a t s e r v e r

j a p a n . p p t

d m r . . .

u s r

s h . . .

b in

d a t a c o n t r o l

t c p 0 1 t c p 0 2

t c p D N S

n e t

/ a t c l i e n t

8/9/2019 dmr_iwp9

16/26

1Ritchie -- OS Themes -- December 2007

"an 9 !xamp"e %

&%otic $ile s!stems can be create# builin on stanar# ol

"rotocols li3e ile Trans$er Hrotocol-- TH Jor3s b! chanin name s"ace so that $iles in

/n/ftpactuall! access a ser

8/9/2019 dmr_iwp9

17/26

17Ritchie -- OS Themes -- December 2007

"an 9 #dea 0/

Tr! to ma3e ata machine-ine"enent

use te%t re"resentation ,here "ossible/ encourae te%tinstea o$ binar! messaes ,hen "ossible

use $iles to connect "rorams# $or e%am"le# ,rite

connect tcp!$&.!%0.$.!!http

on a control $ile instea o$ transmittin a binar! structure Te%t ,or3s across remote $ile s!stems# ine"enent o$ b!te

orerin

&ncourae a more uni

8/9/2019 dmr_iwp9

18/26

1CRitchie -- OS Themes -- December 2007

Screen-shot examp"e

A Hlan ) imae/

8/9/2019 dmr_iwp9

19/26

1)Ritchie -- OS Themes -- December 2007

Recent 5+cent Res+"ts*rod+cts*Spinos

The Hlan ) istribution

http://plan?.bell.labs.com/plan?is an o"en istribution o$ the Hlan ) research ,or3

(n$erno K Lucent Hroucts E $ormer "roucts4

HathstarK Access Ser

8/9/2019 dmr_iwp9

20/26

20Ritchie -- OS Themes -- December 2007

#nerno System

An OS that combines the s!stem structure ieas $rom Hlan )

,ith other ieas/ A virtual operating system that can run either stan-alone on

a small e

8/9/2019 dmr_iwp9

21/26

21Ritchie -- OS Themes -- December 2007

athstar ,ccess Serer

An (nternet Hrotocol router esine to be

use$ul $or tele"hon! a""lications as an en-o$$ice Flass =4 tele"hone s,itch* it hanle

Orinar!

8/9/2019 dmr_iwp9

22/26

22Ritchie -- OS Themes -- December 2007

5+cent anaged &irea""s

An (nternet-to-(ntranet sa$et! inter$ace# ,ith "ac3et an content

$ilterin 5ses (n$erno as its internal o"eratin s!stem $or its central

element/ the bric3.

http://www.lucent.com/ins/products/#pnfirewall/inde.html

8/9/2019 dmr_iwp9

23/26

2Ritchie -- OS Themes -- December 2007

7iad+ct

A small bo% 1= cm lon4 "ro

8/9/2019 dmr_iwp9

24/26

2;Ritchie -- OS Themes -- December 2007

&ea7er

Hro8ect $or sho,in correctness o$

"rotocols an so$t,are 5ses ?ol:mann6s spin moel-chec3in

technolo!

5se in Hathstar $or chec3in call-

"rocessin coe A multi-FH5 s!stem ,as built as a tool

$or this* it runs Hlan )

8/9/2019 dmr_iwp9

25/26

2=Ritchie -- OS Themes -- December 2007

S+mmary

The line o$ research has been hihl! $ruit$ul

5ni% an its o$$s"rin ha

8/9/2019 dmr_iwp9

26/26

1Ritchie -- OS Themes -- December 2007

Unix and Beyond:Themes in Operating Systems Research

Dennis M. RitchieBell Laboratories

Alcatel Lucent

dmr@bell-labs.comhttp://www.cs.bell-labs.com/~dmr