DNA
"The Blueprint of Life"
DNA stands for...
DeoxyriboNucleic Acid
DNA FACTS
• established by James Watson, Francis Crick, and Rosalind Franklin
• Shape of a double
helix
• codes for your genes (traits) • made of repeating subunits called
nucleotides
What is a nucleotide?
Has three parts: PHOSPHATE
DEOXYRIBOSE (sugar) BASE (A,T,G,C)
Base-Pair Rule
Adenine <==> Thymine
Guanine <==> Cytosine
The sides of the DNA ladder are phosphate & sugar held together by hydrogen bonds
Base Pair Rule
One side: A T A T C A T G C G G G
Other side:
How the Code Works
The combination of A,T,G,C determines what traits you might have, for ex. C A T C A T = purple hair T A C T A C = yellow hair
Think of the bases of DNA like letters. Letters form words.... Words form sentences.... *endless combinations
Let's Review What We Know About DNA
1. DNA stands for: De _____ ribo ______ acid
2. What is the shape of DNA? _______________
3. Who established the structure of DNA? ____________
4. Adenine always pairs with _______________
5. The sides of the DNA ladder are deoxyribose and _____
6. Guanine always pairs with _____________
7. What is the complimentary sequence: A A T G C A
8. The two sides of DNA are held together by _______ bonds. 9. DNA is composed of repeating subunits called ______________________
10. What are the 4 bases that make up the rungs of the DNA ladder? _______________________________________
DNA REPLICATION
the process by which DNA makes a copy of itself (cell division)
SEMI-CONSERVATIVE - half of the old strand is saved
"ADN animation" by brian0918™ - Own work. Licensed under
Public domain via Wikimedia Commons -
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ADN_animation.gif#mediav
iewer/File:ADN_animation.gif
"DNA Structure+Key+Labelled.pn
NoBB" by Zephyris - Own work.
Licensed under Creative
Commons Attribution-Share Alike
3.0 via Wikimedia Commons -
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ki/File:DNA_Structure%2BKey%
2BLabelled.pn_NoBB.png#media
viewer/File:DNA_Structure%2BK
ey%2BLabelled.pn_NoBB.png
"DNA Structure+Key+Labelled.pn NoBB" by Zephyris - Own work. Licensed under Creative Commons
Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons -
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:DNA_Structure%2BKey%2BLabelled.pn_NoBB.png#mediaviewer/
File:DNA_Structure%2BKey%2BLabelled.pn_NoBB.png
RNA - the messenger *single strand
*ribose sugar *contains no thymine, uracil instead
*follows base pair rule
DNA: A T A G C G
RNA:
RNA carries the "message" to the ribosomes, where proteins are made
DNA --> RNA --> Protein
Proteins are the building blocks of the organism (traits)
Transcription - process where RNA is made from DNA
Translation - process where proteins are made from RNA