Date post: | 03-Jan-2016 |
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DNA(Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
DNA Foldable Directions
• Make a shutter fold (lengthwise/hot dog)but overlap the left fold over the right.
• Fold the paper in half twice, make creases and cut the creases so you end up with 4 flaps per side
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DNA Foldable Directions• Label the left hand flaps A, T, C and G.• Label the right hand flaps T, A, G and C.• For each flap cut a
shape so they fit together like a puzzle– A: square (out)– T: square (in)– C: triangle (out)– G: triangle (in)
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It should look like this:
What is DNA?• Deoxyribonucleic Acid• GENES – • NUCLEOTIDES:• Double Helix
What is DNA?
• Important Scientists:– Rosalind Franklin:
• James Watson and Francis Crick:
What is DNA?DNA Nucleotide
P
Phosphate Group
Nitrogenous base (A, G, C, or T)CH2
O
C1C4
C3 C2
5
Sugar(deoxyribose)
“backbone”
“rungs” of DNA ladder
Nitrogenous Base Pairing•Bases held together by
•DNA had specific pairing between the nitrogen bases:
T A G C
Nitrogenous Base PairingChargaff’s Rule
• Their amounts in a given DNA molecule will be about the same and all 4 bases will equal to 100%
• If a DNA molecule contains 25% Adenine molecules how many Thymine molecules will there be? Guanine? Cytosine?
Nitrogenous Base PairingDNA Double Helix
P
P
P
O
O
O
1
23
4
5
5
3
3
5
P
P
PO
O
O
1
2 3
4
5
5
3
5
3
G C
T A
Nitrogenous Base PairingNitrogenous Bases
• PURINES1.
2.
• PYRIMIDINES3. Thymine (T)
4. Cytosine (C)
T or C
A or G
Nitrogenous Base PairingBASE-PAIRINGS
CG
H-bonds
T A
The Code of Life• The “code” of the chromosome is the SPECIFIC ORDER that bases occur.
• All living things contain DNA and reproduce– Kingdoms:
• Bacteria• Protists• Fungus• Plants• Animals
The Code of Life
Mushroom
Panda Bear Flower
E. coliVenus Fly Trap
Jellyfish Diatoms
Algae
Shark
Genetic Diversity…• Different arrangements
of NUCLEOTIDES in a nucleic acid (DNA) provides the key to DIVERSITY among living organisms.
Environmental factors that affect DNA
• Chemicals:– Addition of MgCl
causes fish to develop only 1 eye
• Drugs:– Causes deformities in
children
• Pollution– Asthma and
bronchitis
Environmental factors that affect DNA
• Temperature:
• Light:– Butterflies
exposed to red light have brighter colors
• Temp. Cont’d– Some reptiles change
sex based on temp.
AMAZING DNA FACTS…
• DNA from a single human cell extends in a single thread for almost 2 meters long!!!
• It contains information equal to some 600,000 printed pages of 500 words each!!!
(a library of about 1,000 books)
LET’S REVIEW DNA…
1. Summarize the relationship between genes & DNA.
2. Describe the overall structure of the DNA molecule.
3. What are the 4 kinds of bases?