Date post: | 15-Aug-2015 |
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Structure of DNA
• DNA = Deoxyribonucleic acid
• Made out of sugars (deoxyribose), phosphates
and nitrogen bases
Double Helix polymer
This is a nucleotide
If you were to start reciting the order of the ATCGs in your DNA tomorrow morning, at a rate of 100 each minute, 57 years would pass before you reached the end…
Triplet
The code within DNA is based on a triplet system…
CCC CCA CCT CCGCAC CAA CAT CAG
DNA codes in three letter words……
DNA Replication• Making copies of DNA
– Because the bases always pair up, guanine with cytosine, and thymine with adenine, the bases on one side of the molecule form a pattern for the other side.
– The molecule splits and the corresponding bases pair up to form two new molecules.
– A pairs with ? G pairs with ? T pairs with ? C pairs with ?– AGTTGCAAGTCTAC– ?????????????????????
Genome
Genome: Collection of genetic information within all genes contained in the DNA molecule(s) in a cell.
If the genome was written out in book form, it would be the equivalent of 4,000 books. It would take a person typing 60 words per minute, eight hours a day, around 50 years to type the human genome.
If all the DNA in one of your cells were uncoiled, connected, and stretched out, it would be about 6 feet long. It would be so thin its details could not be seen, even under an electron microscope. If all this very densely coded information from one cell of one person were written in books, it would fill a library of about 4,000 books. If all the DNA in your body were placed end-to-end, it would stretch from here to the Moon more than 500,000 times! In book form, that information would fill the Grand Canyon almost 100 times. If one set of DNA (one cell’s worth) from every person who ever lived were placed in a pile, the final pile would weigh less than an aspirin.