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DNA BASED COMPUTERSDNA BASED COMPUTERSDNA BASED COMPUTERSDNA BASED COMPUTERS

ByBy

P.Naveena & K.VasudhaP.Naveena & K.Vasudha

III/IV ITIII/IV IT

GVP College Of EngineeringGVP College Of Engineering

VisakhapatnamVisakhapatnam

ByBy

P.Naveena & K.VasudhaP.Naveena & K.Vasudha

III/IV ITIII/IV IT

GVP College Of EngineeringGVP College Of Engineering

VisakhapatnamVisakhapatnam

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Introduction

DNA

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Long polymer of NucleotidesShape of Double Helix

Contains Genetic instructions

Encodes sequence of amino acidresidues in proteins using Genetic Code.

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PROF. LEONARD ADLEMAN

InventorOf DNA Computers

Used DNA for Solving MathematicalP

roblemsTo prove Feasibility of Biomedical Computation

over conventional Electronic Computation

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How is this concept developed? Proposed a Molecular Algorithm to solve

Hamiltonian Path Problem with DNA.

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Hamilton Path Problem Using DNA

Test Tube Computer Goal : To find the Shortest Route between 7

cities , going only once through each city.

Steps :Molecules combined in the test tube form

strands

Strands of DNA represent each city

All possible combinations are created and

wrong ones eliminated through chemical

reactions.

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Why DNA?

Unlimited Supply of DNA compared to

Silicon. Cheaper.

Environment friendly.

Faster Computational capability than themost powerful Human Built Computer.

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Working Of DNA Computers

Operates in parallel with countlessmolecules integrating at once.

DNA-software & Enzymes Hardware.

Instead of Electrical signals for logicoperations, DNA logic gates rely on DNA

code.

In the cell,DNA is modified by variety ofenzymes.(Small protein molecules).

DNA strands are made of combinations of

As,Ts,Cs,Gs that act like 0s and 1s.

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SpecialF

eatures One litre of water can hold 10^22 bases of

DNA.

Suitable for solving fuzzy logic

problems.

Double stranded Nature

Capable of working in parallel for large size

problems.

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Differences

Silicon chip

Electric Impulses

Processing is Serial.

Number ofOperations

are small 10^9/joule. Regular transistor

1 micron wide

Strands of synthetic DNA

Molecules.

Processing is Parallel.

Number ofOperations are

large -10^19/joule. DNA transistor is 2nm

wide.

Conventional Computer DNA Computer

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Advantages Processing is done in parallel fashion.

Have Huge memory space

Energy efficient

Generate a complete set of potential

solutions

Large parallel searches are supported.

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Disadvantages Generating solution sets, even for some

relatively simple problems, requires large

amounts of memory. It can take longer to sort out the answer to a

problem than it took to solve the problem.

O

ccasional Errors in pairing up of DNAStrands.

High Cost in Computing.

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Future of DNA Computing

Enabling a computing system to read and

decode DNA directly.

Able to createWET DATABASE for

research purpose.

For cracking secret codes in the Defence.

Pharmaceutical and Biomedical applications

using computers will be enhanced.

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Conclusion The field of DNA computing is still in its

infancy and the applications for this

technology are still being developed.

The creation of practical DNA computers

may start a whole new computer revolution

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