DNB Orthopaedics Theory Papers

7/29/2019 DNB Orthopaedics Theory Papers

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DNB Orthopaedics Theory Papers

June 2010

Paper I

1. Acute compartment syndrome2. Gene therapy in orthopaedics

3. Vitamin D resistant rickets

4. Advances in medical treatment of rheumatoid arthritis

5. Management of multiple rib fractures with haemothorax

6. Differentiating features of head injury from cerebral symptoms of

fat embolism syndrome

7. Haemophilic arthropathy

8. PET scan in orthopaedics practice

9. Automatic bladder

10. Electrodiagnostic studies

Paper II

1. Salter Harris classification of epiphyseal injuries and its

relevance to skeletal growth.

2. Principles of management of radial nerve injury

3. Ponseti method of CTEV management

4. Salters osteotomy

5. Floor reaction orthosis

6. Klippel Feil syndrome

7. Claw hand

8. Tom Smith arthritis

9. Principle of amputation of lower limbs in children10. Patho-anatomy and management of congenital vertical talus

Paper III

1. Principles, merits & demerits of locking plates

2. Damage control orthopaedics

3. Describe the pathophysiology and pharmacological treatment of

acute spinal cord injury

4. Classify distal radius fractures. What are the recent trends in

their management?

5. Methods for reducing risks of blood transfusion

6. Evaluation and principles of management of fracture acetabulum

7. Classify peri-prosthetic fractures following THR. Outline theis

management strategies.

8. Shoulder instability

9. Distraction histiogenesis

10. Classify fracture calcaneum and describe their management.

Paper IV

1. Biological enhancement of fracture healing

2. High tibial osteotomy

3. Concepts of total knee replacement

4. Recent advances in bearing surfaces of total hip arthroplasty

5. DVT prophylaxis


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6. Management of metastasis in spine

7. Describe blood supply of long bones and effects of various

modalities of fixation on this

8. Multi-organ dysfunction syndrome

9. Management of congenital scoliosis

10. Enumerate various diagnostic tests with their relative merit forpost-operative infection. Outline the treatment of post-operative

infection after internal fixation

Dec 2009

Paper I

1. Post-operative pain management. Describe patient control analgesia.

2. Clinical features and management of stove in chest.

3. Indications of Limb salvage surgery in malignant bone tumors.

Describe the techniques of limb salvage in osteosarcoma.4. Uses of botulinum neurotoxin in Orthopaedic surgery.

5. Define pigmented villonodular synovitis. Describe pathology,

clinical features, diagnosis & its treatment.

6. Give a functional classification of muscles around the shoulder.

Enumerate the indications for shoulder arthrodesis. What are the pre-

requisites for a good result? Describe any one technique of shoulder

arthrodesis.

7. Describe pathophysiology of nerve compression (entrapment)

syndromes. Enumerate various syndromes of nerve entrapment. Give an

outline of the management of Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome.

8. What is traumatic arthrotomy of the knee joint? What is fluidchallenge test to confirm the diagnosis in doubtful cases? Outline the

principles of management.

9. What are the various causes of late onset paraplegia in tuberculosis

of spine? Describe the investigative modalities and outline the


10. Describe the management of unicompartmental osteoarthrosis knee.

Paper II

1. Management of septic arthritis in children,

2. Pathophysiology, types and clinical features of OsteogenesisImperfecta

3. Prognostic factors and outcome in the treatment of Perthes disease

4. Describe Madelung deformity, classification, clinical features and

management of Perthes disease

5. Classify congenital dislocation of knee. Comment on differential

diagnosis and management

6. Draw a diagram of Floor Reaction Orthosis, What is a good indication

for its use. Describe mechanism of action

7. Orthopaedic manifestation of neurofibromatosis

8. Describe muscular dynamics in calcaneovalgus deformity. Describe

management in patients before and after attaining skeletal maturity

9. Classification of neurogenic bladder and management


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10. What are closed chain and open chain exercises and discuss ACL

rehabilitation protocol

Paper III

1. Classification, management and complication of fractures of the

femoral head and neck in children

2. What are Monteggia equivalents, discuss the principles of management

of Monteggia fracture dislocation in children

3. Principles of management of a pulseless hand after supracondylar

fractures in children

4. Role of ultrasound in fracture healing

5. Subacromial impingement syndrome

6. Describe indications for amputation, Principles of lower limb

amputation in children

7. What is Mangled Extremity severity score(MESS), describe principlesof flap coverage in proximal one third of tibia

8. Classify ankle fractures, which pattern has syndesmotic instability,

what is their management?

9. What are biodegradable implants, what is their chemical composition?

Mention the indications of their use, advantage and disadvantage of

their use

10. What is central cord syndrome, describe its clinical presentation.

How will you manage such a case?

Paper IV

1. Osteochondral allograft transplantation. Mention indications for the

procedure

2. Role of Pamidronate in bone metastasis

3. What do you understand by patellar instability, describe the

principles of management, before and after skeletal maturity?

4. Enumerate modalities leading to biological enhancement of fracture

healing. Mention the methods of preservation of allogenic bone grafts.

Comment on mode of action, advantages and disadvantages

5. Describe the pathogenesis of hallux valgus deformity; describe the

role of metatarsus primary varus in the pathogenesis. How will you

manage an adolescent girl with severe hallux valgus?6. Describe various types of rickets; describe biochemical changes and

clinical presentation of various types of rickets!

7. Define osteoporosis. Comment on types, causes and management

8. What is highly cross linked polyethylene? How is it manufactured?

How has it affected modern total hip arthroplasty?

9. Anatomy of Lisfranc joint, and management of injuries around the

joint

10. Describe gate control theory of pain. What is transcutaneous nerve

stimulation and its indications?

June 2009


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Paper I

1) Briefly describe the stages of fracture healing. Discuss physical or

chemical modalities to enhance fracture healing.

2) Discuss prophylaxis against secondary complications of patient withpolytrauma.

3) Ganz antishock pelvic fixator.

4) Describe musculoskeletal manifestations of HIV infected patients.

5) Describe pathogenesis of medial compartment osteoarthrosis. Discuss

pros & cons of HTO vs unicondylar replacement.

6) Femoroacetabular impingement syndrome.

7) Osteofibrous Dysplasia

8) Enumerate indications & various techniques for shoulder arthrodesis.

What are the prerequisites for a good result?

9) What is malalignment test? Discuss principles of focal dome

osteotomy.10) Gene therapy in Orthopedics.

Paper II

1) Enumerate the causes of intoeing gait. How will you treat intoeing

gait because of hip disorders.

2) What is congenital coxa vara? Describe its pathophysiology and

outline principles of management.

3) Obers test.

4) Briefly discuss the clinical features and pathology of Ewings

Sarcoma. Outline the principles of treatment in a case of EwingsSarcoma of upper end of humerus.

5) How will you evaluate a child with genu valgum deformity? Outline

the principles of management. What is timed epiphysiodesis?

6) Thermoplastic splints

7) Classify nerve injuries. What is the role of electrodiagnosis in

differentiating various nerve lesions?

8) Discuss the principles of rehabilitation of a paraplegic patient.

9) Briefly describe the principles & steps of Ponsettis method of CTEV

correction.

10) Enumerate various causes of claw hand. What is the pathogenesis of

clawing? Discuss the principles of surgical correction.

Paper III

1) Classify fractures of calcaneum. Outline the principles of

management.

2) Elaborate the principles of LCP. What are the applications in

periarticular fractures?

3) Classify epiphyseal injuries. Describe the complications. What is

Langenskiolds procedure?

4) Current concepts in the management of fracture neck & head of radius

in children and adults.

5) Classify flexor tendon injuries of the hand. Describe the treatment


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of neglected ruptures of flexor tendons in Zone II.

6) Outline the principles of management in a case of infected non union

of a long bone. How will you treat infected non union of tibia?

7) Classify fractures of the acetabulum. Discuss radiographic

evaluation of acetabular trauma.

8) How will you manage a case of knee dislocation with absent distalpulsations?

9) Describe instability patterns after wrist trauma. Discuss the

management of VISI (Volar Intercalated Segment Instability)

10) How will you differentiate between the cerebral sign as a result of

head injury vs fat embolism syndrome? Describe in brief management of

fat embolism syndrome.

Paper IV

1) Autologous Transfusion.2) Describe the anatomy of Distal Radio Ulnar Joint. Describe

indications & technique of performing Kapandjis procedure.

3) Sexual Dimorphism in orthopedic practice.

4) Brown Tumor.

5) Surgical Dislocation of Hip.

6) Describe anatomical classification of chronic osteomyelitis. Discuss

the principles of management based on this classification. How will you

fill the dead space after excision of infected tissue?

7) Describe the presentation of tourniquet palsy and its causes. What

precautions are taken to prevent it?

8) Describe the anatomy of PCL. Discuss its significance in Total KneeArthroplasty.

9) Describe the basic principle of PET scan and discuss its role in

orthopedics.

10) What is pelvic support osteotomy? Outline its principles and

operative technique.

Dec. 2008

Paper I

1. Discuss Anatomy of rotator cuff. What is rotator cuff disease?Discuss its pathogenesis and management.

2. Define and classify Rickets. Describe pathogenesis, clinical

features and management of hypophosphatemic rickets.

3. What are Biochemical markers for bone formation and bone resorption.

Discuss their role in management of osteoporosis.

4. Discuss causes of loosening after a total hip replacement. Discuss

its clinical features, diagnosis and management.

5. Discuss various methods available for treatment of Giant cell tumor

of proximal tibia in a 30 yr. old man.

6. What is claudication? Classify it and discuss its cause specific

management.

7. Discuss the etiology, Pathology , diagnosis, and management of Gas


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Gangrene of the Lower Extremity.

8. Discuss approach to find out a primary tumor in a 65 yr. Old man

presenting with vertebral metastasis and low backache.

9. Discuss differential diagnosis in a 25 yr. old male presenting with

mono-articular arthritis of knee joint. Tabulate the management in an

algorithmic manner.10. What is Marfans syndrome? What is its orthopaedic management?

Paper II

1) Classify elbow dislocation. How will you manage an unreduced

posterior dislocation elbow in 10 yr. old child?

2) Define and classify cerebral palsy. Describe crouched gait and its

management in a 10 yr. old child.

3) Describe various systems, implants available for limb length

equalization. Discuss their underlying principle.

4) Give one example each of concentric and eccentric contraction duringgait cycle. How will paralysis of tibialis anterior affect normal gait.

5) Describe Salters osteotomy. What are its indications, merits and

demerits.

6) What is thoracic outlet syndrome? Discuss its Anatomy . How will you

diagnose it in OPD?

7) Discuss sexual and bladder rehabilitation of a 30 yr. old male

following a complete spinal injury at D12 vertebral level.

8) Discuss indications, merits and demerits of talectomy.

9) Discuss orthotic management in a High Radial Nerve Palsy.

10) Discuss various functions of hand. How will you attain key pinch in

a quadriplegic with no useful power?

Paper III

1) What is Polytrauma? Describe the scoring method & principles of

management of a patient with polytrauma in accident & emergency

department.

2) Describe clinical features, diagnostic criteria and treatment of fat

embolism syndrome.

3) What is floating knee? Discuss its management in a 25 yr. Old adult.

4) Describe various clinical methods to diagnose anterior cruciate

ligament injury. Describe post operative management of ACLreconstruction by a bone patellar tendon bone graft.

5) Discuss the principles of management of Non-Union fracture Neck of

Femur in an adult.

6) What is a Toddlers fracture? Discuss its differential diagnosis and

management.

7) How will you transport an organ after amputation to a sterilized

centre for re-implantation? What is the order of implantation in a

below elbow amputation?

8) Classify peri prosthetic fracture following a total hip replacement.

Discuss their management.

9) Discuss the principles and the biomechanics of intra-medullary

nailing.


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10) Classify Pilon fractures and discuss their management.

Paper IV

1) What is multi system organ failure? What are indicators of

mortality? Write briefly about diagnosis and management.2) Define and classify VIC. Describe its surgical and orthotic

management in Grade II VIC of forearm.

3) Describe arches of foot. Classify Flat Foot & briefly discuss the

management principles of flat feet in a child.

4) What are the anatomical & physiological differences between neck

shaft angle and version in a child and adult?

5) Discuss principle of chondroplasty in osteoarthritis of knee joint.

6) Define multidirectional instability of shoulder joint. Discuss its

management.

7) Discuss the role of injectable steroids following spinal injury.

8) Discuss various methods of preventing deep vein thrombosis followingtotal knee replacement. Discuss their merits & demerits.

9) What are indications of arthrography in a hip? Discuss various

approaches to aspirate the hip joint.

10) What is the indication & principle behind parathormone therapy for

treatment of osteoporosis? What are its merits & demerits?

June 2008

Paper I

1) Femoro acetabular impingement syndrome.2) Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis. Diagnosis and

management.

3) Management of Brachial artery injury in association with

supracondylar fracture of humerus.

4) Differentiating features between Osteonecrosis and transient

migratory osteoporosis.

5) Discuss the diagnosis and clinical features of DVT in orthopedic

surgery. Outline the management. What special precautions are required

if post-operative epidural analgesia is used for 4 5 days.

6) Discuss the approach to a patient with suspected bony metastasis

with unknown primary tumor.7) Enumerate the radiological types of Tuberculosis Hip. How does this

classification help us in prognostication?

8) Discuss the approach to a patient of pelvic fracture with a

suspected abdominal injury.

9) Enumerate various methods of ACL Reconstruction. Discuss the pros &

cons of each method.

10) Bone defects encountered during total knee replacement and their

management.

Paper II

1) Discuss the types of equines contracture in cerebral palsy and its


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management.

2) Describe the Anatomy of iliotibial band and the effect of its

contracture on the lower limb. How do you clinically detect the

contracture?

3) Renal Osteodystrophy

4) Scheurmans disease.5) Pathophysiology of claw hand and its treatment.

6) Discuss the management of flexor tendon injury in zone II.

7) Describe the orthotic management of an asensate foot particularly in

reference to leprosy.

8) What are the various types of exercises? Discuss the benefits and

indications of isometric exercises.

9) What is paraffin wax? How is it useful in treatment of orthopedic

conditions? What are the indications and contraindications of wax bath

therapy?

10)Define ankle foot orthosis. What are the plastic materials used in

fabrication. Describe indications and care during daily use.

Paper III

1) Describe the causes of ulnar wrist pain after healing of a distal

radial fracture and discuss the management.

2) Damage control orthopaedics .

3) Classify fractures of acetabulum and role of conventional radiology

in the classification

4) Classify ankle injuries. Which fracture patterns have syndesmotic

instability & how do you manage it?

5) Classify fractures of the proximal humerus. What is the relevance ofblood supply of humerus in planning management? How will you treat four

part fractures?

6) Discuss the advances in the management of periarticular fractures.

7) Describe the mechanism of injury & clinical presentation of various

incomplete spinal cord syndromes.

8) Differentiating features in the patho Anatomy & management of

intracapsular fracture neck of femur in children & adults.

9) Advances in treatment of osteoporotic fractures.

10)Discuss the clinical features & management of Achilles tendinopathy

in athletes.

Paper IV

1) Biological therapy in inflammatory arthritis.

2) Trochanteric flip osteotomy in surgical exposures of the hip joint.

3) Rationale for using metallic implants in osteoarticular

tuberculosis.

4) Clinical differentiation between pre-ganglionic and postganglionic

lesions of brachial plexus & its effect on the management.

5) Transcutaneous nerve stimulation.

6) Define femoral anteversion. How do you detect it clinically? Discuss

the role of anteversion in orthopaedics diagnosis & management

7) Pathophysiology of lumbar canal stenosis.


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8) What are bisphosphonates? Discuss the role of Bisphosphonates in

various orthopedic disorders.

9) Describe the blood supply of a long bone. Discuss the effects of

various modalities of internal fixation on the blood supply.

10)Biodegradable orthopedic implants

Dec 2007

Paper I

1. management of multiple rib fracture with Haemopneumothorax

2. filum terminale syndrome

3. management of skeletal metastasis

4. round cell tumour. Discuss the management of multiple myeloma

5. osteoporosis

6. management of fat embolism

7. exertional compartment syndrome8. management of haemarthrosis of knee developing in an injury

9. role of labeled WBC and multiphasic bone scan in bone Pathology

10. tuberculosis of hip joint

Paper II

1. etiology and pathological Anatomy of DDH

2. Mid carpal instability

3. surgical principles of flexor tendon repair

4. klippel feil syndrome

5. indications of amputation. Describe surgical principles ofamputation in children and adults

6. pes planus

7. role and mode of action of pharmacological treatment in CP

8. Calcaneovalgus deformity. Disscuss the treatment issues in mature

and immature foot

9. madelung deformity

10. shoulder instability

Paper III

1. indications of Valgus osteotomy for fracture neck of femur. Discussthe preoperative planning, Implant choice, advantages and disadvantages

of the procedure/

2. guiding principles of removal of orthopaedic implants after fracture

union. What are the current recommendations for removal of implant in

commonly encountered fractures

3. classify Periprosthetic fractures around the knee. Outline the

treatment strategy

4. Classify fractures of the Capitullumn and discuss the management of

each type

5. Surgical Anatomy of AC joint along with classification of AC joint

injuries. Briefly discuss the management.

6. what are the various protocols which have been used for


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pharmacological intervention in spinal cord injuries.what is the

current opinion on pharmacological intervention

7. classify fractures of pelvis briefly discuss the management of

rotationally unstable and vertically stable injuries

8. Various methods of fixing severely osteoporotic fractures.

9. what is LISS. Discuss its role in stabilizing fractures of distalfemur.

10. what is ballistics. Briefly describe the current management of

ballistic injuries of the spine.

Paper IV

1. Biological enhancement of fracture healing

2. Bearing surface of total hip arthroplasty

3. Causes and treatment of thoracic outlet syndrome

4. what are the musculo skeletal manifestations of retroviral infection

5. high tibial osteotomy6. discuss the pharmacological treatment of rheumatoid arthritis

7. Structure and function of articular cartilage

8. Sickle cell disease

9. Classify Spondylolisthesis. Describe the management

10. Renal Rickets.

June 2007

Paper I

1. DIC2. Enumerate bleeding disorders . How will you manage a grossly

arthritic Knee in haemophilia?

3. Tension Pneumothorax

4. Decribe the various myocutaneous flaps used to cover tibia in

different levels.

5. primitive neuroectodermal tumours

6. pathogenesis of lumbar canal stenosis? What is the differentiating

feature between vascular & neurogenic claudication

7. Briefly discuss the principles and priorities in managing polytrauma

8. loose bodies in knee etiology? How will u manage a case of 30 year

old sportsmanwho presents with locked knee due to loose body9. how will u differentiate structural scoliosis from nonstructural

scoliosis?describe infantile idiopathic scoliosis. What is the

importance of rib vertebral angle?

10. how will u manage a case of recalcitrant tennis elbow?

Paper II

1. Classify radial club hand. Describe the pathological Anatomy &

management of a 1 yr old child?

2. Classify Coxa Vara. Describe the management of adolescent coax vara

3. describe the DD of cystic lesion in upper end of humerus in a 10

year old child. Describe the management of SBC in same child


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4. Classify fracture neck of femur in children. Describe its management

and complications briefly

5. Define Gait. Describe the aetiopathogenesis and causes of

trendleberg gait

6. what is symes amputation? Desribe the indications and complications.

What is the prosthesis suitable for symes amputation?7. Describe briefly the clinical features and management of SCFE?

8. Neurological deficit in caries spine; types, pathogenesis and

prognostic factors?

9. A one year old child has been successfully treated for CTEV.

Describe the orthotic management from this time to the completion of

treatment?

10. Describe the pathological Anatomy of the bursae of the hand.

Discuss the etiology, clinical feature and management of acute

infection in those bursae?

Paper III

1. Peritalar dislocation

2. Chronic compartment syndrome

3. Hanging cast 4. what is unstable trochanteric fracture? Briefly

describe the various methods of managing unstable trochanteric fracture

5. discuss the indications pros and cons of reamed Vs undreamed

intramedullary nailing

6. discuss the management of closed fracture shaft of humerus with

radial nerve palsy

7. Carpal instability types, clinical features and radiological

assessment8. Describe the Anatomy of Subacromial space. What is the morphology of

acromion process in the pathogenesis of rotator cuff tears? How will

you manage full thickness tear?

9. what is locked compression plate? Discuss the principles, clinical

situations where it is particularly usefull

10. how will you manage a case of acute Hemarthrosis Knee?

Paper IV

1. Describe Bone remodeling unit. Briefly describe the drugs which

influence remodeling2. PET Scan

3. Wallerian degeneration

4. Briefly describe the relevant biomechanics of the lower limb,

particularly in relation to bone cuts in total knee replacement

5. gate control theory of pain

6. what is neuropraxia? How will you differentiate it from axonometsis

during first few days of injury

7. tribology

8. tumour induced osteomalacia

9. describe the histological zones of growth plate. Discuss the

anatomical changes which takes place in rickets and Slipped capital

femoral epiphysis


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10. Discuss the pathogenesis of acute hematogenous osteomyelitis. How

does it differ in different age groups

Dec 2006

Paper I

1) Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation

2) Features which differentiate head injury from the cerebral symptoms

of Fat Embolism syndrome.

3) Synovioma

4) Otto Pelvis

5) Principles of surface replacement arthroplasty of hip. What do you

think are the reasons of failure of previous historical designs

compared to the modern successful design?

6) What are the various methods of closing gaps between nerve ends

during nerve repair?7) What are the indications of spinal osteotomy in ankylosing

spondylitis? Describe the various techniques.

8) Pathophysiology of septic shock.

9) Management of a patient having fracture pelvis with urinary

retention. Restrict yourself to the management of his urinary problem.

10)Kienbocks disease.

Paper II

1) Name the prehensile movements of hand. What are the tendon transfers

described for opponens deficit hand?2) Describe briefly indications, contraindications and principle

technical steps of Salters osteotomy.

3) How do principles of amputation differ in children as compared to

adults? What is pylon prosthesis? What are advantages and

disadvantages?

4) What is the pathological Anatomy of carpal tunnel? Describe briefly

the diagnosis and management of carpal tunnel syndrome.

5) What are the hand deformities in rheumatoid arthritis? Describe the

pathological Anatomy and treatment of Boutannaires deformity.

6) Describe briefly the aetiology, clinical features and principles of

treatment of Tom Smith arthritis.7) Outline the calcium metabolism. What do you mean by Vitamin D

resistant rickets? Describe its clinical features and management.

8) What is crutch palsy? Describe the orthotic management of wrist

drop.

9) Describe the pathological Anatomy , clinical features and management

of post polio calcaneus deformity in a 12 yr. Old patient.

10)What is Floor Reaction Orthosis? Describe its parts and mechanism of

function. What are its indications and contraindications?

Paper III

1) Describe the mechanism of injury and clinical presentation of


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various incomplete spinal cord syndromes.

2) What is Lisfranc joint? Classify injuries around this joint and


3) Classify calcaneal fractures. Discuss the management based on

classification system. Enumerate the complications.

4) Enumerate Biodegradable implants. What are the advantages anddisadvantages of their use?

5) Classify periprosthetic fractures around the knee and discuss their

management.

6) Classify fracture acetabulum and outline the indications of surgical

treatment.

7) Classify ankle injuries. Which fracture patterns have syndesmotic

instability and how do you manage that?

8) Classify fractures of the proximal humerus in elderly. What is the

relevance of blood supply of the humeral head in planning management?

How will you treat four part

fracture?9) What is Gas Gangrene? Discuss the clinical features, bacteriology

and principles of management.

10)Describe the causes of ulnar wrist pain after healing of distal

radius fractures. Discuss the management of DRUJ disorders.

Paper IV

1) Describe the Physiology of micturition. Briefly discuss the

management of automatic bladder in spinal injuries.

2) Describe the arches of foot. Discuss the clinical features and

management of peroneospastic flat foot.3) Describe the blood supply of femoral head. How does it differ in

children and adults?

4) Describe the properties of synovial fluids. How does it help in

differentiating various types of arthritis?

5) What are the stages of fracture healing? Discuss the factors

regulating fracture healing.

6) What are bone graft substitutes? How do they work?

7) Describe the metabolism of Vitamin D and its clinical significance.

8) What are Giant cell variants? Describe in brief their differential

diagnosis.

9) What is DOTS? What is its rationale?10)Pathoanatomy, radiology and diagnosis of Congenital vertical Talus.

June 2006

Paper I

1) Discuss the Pathology of osteoarthritis of knee with special

reference to the role of ACL rupture in the pathogenesis of

osteoarthritis knee.

2) Briefly describe the clinical features, types and management of

osteoid osteoma.

3) Describe in detail the synovial fluid analysis. How do you


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differentiate various types of arthritides based on the analysis?

4) Video Assisted Thoracoscopy

5) Osteochondritis Dessicans

6) Transient Migratory Osteoporosis of the hips

7) Describe various types of skin grafts. Discuss the stages of

biological incorporation of skin grafts.8) Discuss the pathogenesis of neurospinal claudication.

9) Automatic Dysreflexia.

10)Control of air quality in a modern orthopaedic operation theatre.

Paper II

1) Anterior Interosseous Nerve syndrome Aetiology, clinical features,

differential diagnosis and management.

2) Dwyers osteotomy for CTEV Indications, steps and complications.

3) Sprengels Deformity. Etio pathogenesis, clinical features and

management.4) Coxa Plana Clinical, Radiological features, Differential diagnosis

and principles of treatment.

5) Boutannaire deformity etiology, pathomechanics and management.

6) Ultrasonic Therapy Physiological effects, clinical applications

and contraindications.

7) Quadriceps Paralysis Gait pathomechanics, compensation employed

and corrective measures.

8) Suction Socket Prosthesis principles, indications and advantages

over conventional prosthesis and main points in its construction.

9) Bowing of Tibia in children Causes, types and management of

Congenital Bowing10)Equinus Deformity in cerebral palsy Etiopathogenesis, evaluation

and treatment.

Paper III

1) Fracture Talus.

2) Bennets Fracture dislocation

3) Hangmans Fracture.

4) Motor March

5) Principles of Tendon Transfer.

6) Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury.7) Acromio clavicular Disruption

8) Lateral Condyle fracture of Humerus

9) Perilunar Dislocation.

10)Fracture Disease.

Paper IV

1) Etiopathogenesis, Pathology and management of DIC.

2) Congenital postural deformities associated with in-utero position.

3) Raloxifene.

4) Biomechanics of Knee in relation to total knee replacement.

5) Structure and Biochemistry of articular cartilage.


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6) Bryants Traction.

7) Biochemical markers of Bone formation and resorption.

8) Describe pathological Anatomy and radiology in CTEV.

9) Stewart and Harnaley ankle arthrodesis.

10)Enumerate various deformities of foot and ankle seen in Post Polio

Residual Paralysis (PPRP). Describe in detail the management of TalipesCalcaneus

Dec. 2005

Paper I

1) Define entrapment syndrome. Enumerate various entrapment syndromes.

Discuss the entrapment syndrome in relation to the ulnar nerve in

detail.

2) Bony changes in hyperparathyroidism and hypoparathyroidism alongwith relevant pathophysiology.

3) Sports related injuries to soft tissues.

4) Suture Materials.

5) Finger Injuries.

6) Enumerate various classical levels of lower limb amputations.

Discuss AK amputation in detail. What is the difference in energy

consumption by the patient in AK amputation as compared to a BK

amputation?

7) Respiratory Distress Syndrome.

8)Cool Intravenous Regional Anaesthesia in orthopedic practice.

9) Day Care Surgery.10)Surgical audit.

Paper II

1) Congenital vertical Talus Etiology, Pathology , clinical,

radiological features and management.

2) Chiari Osteotomy indications, advantages, steps of surgery.

3) Claw Hand Etiology, patho-mechanics,principles of various

corrective procedures.

4) Bowing of Tibia in children Causes, types, clinical features &

management of congenital bowing of tibia.5) Klippel-Fiel syndrome Etiology, Pathology , clinical &

radiological features, differential diagnosis & management.

6) Microwave Diathermy its physiogical effects, clinical applications

& contraindications.

7) Describe various types of Crutches ; gait pattern with crutches.

8)Cool Skew Flap Amputation indications, advantages of conventional

amputation,steps of operation and complications.

9) Post polio equinus deformity of foot etiopathology, evaluation &

management.

10)Floor reaction Orthosis indications, principles and advantages.

Paper III


16/23

1) Enumerate the types of spinal cord lesions following fracture

dislocation of C5-6 vertebrae and discuss clinical features, treatment

and prognosis of each type of lesion in adult. 25 marks

2) Describe the following in brief 15 marks each

i) Treatment of fractures of distal end of radius.ii) Management of fracture of fracture shaft of femur that

has become infected after intramedullary fixation

iii) Treatment of radial head and neck fractures in children

iv) Management of Trochnanteric fractures in elderly.

v) Principles of management of Lisfranc injuries of foot.

Paper IV

1) Massive Transfusion.

2) Harmons approach of Tibia with applied Anatomy .

3) Strength Duration Curve.4) Biomechanics of hip joint and its clinical applications.

5) Radionuclide bone scanning

6) Allopurinol

7) Tension band principle and its application in treatment of fractures

using a wire and plate.

Cool Pathology of tuberculous arthritis and correlation with clinical

staging.

9) Growth plate - Anatomy and pathological states affecting it.

10) Radiological and biochemical features of renal osteodystrophy and

their interpretation.

June 2005

Paper I

Part A

1) Draw a flow chart of disaster planning at state level. What is the

concept of triage?

2) Pathology , clinical features and management of diabetic foot.

3) Nosocomial infection on orthopaedics common organism and

preventive measures.

4) Post operative DVT Prevention, clinical features and treatment.5) Post Menopausal Osteoporosis Prevention and management.

Part B

1) Crystal Synovitis.

2) Incoporation of Bone Grafts. How does it differ for cancellous and

cortical grafts?

3) Preparation and precautions required to operate HIV positive

patients.

4) Chemotherapy for osteosarcoma.

5) How does a neurological claudication differ from vascular

claudication? Enumerate the etiology of the two.


17/23

Paper II

Part A

1) Clinical features and management of slipped capital femoralepiphysis.

2) Ewings Sarcoma

3) Pollicisation Indications and prerequisites

4) What are parts of a shoe? Describe the modifications of a CTEV shoe.

5) What is modified Jones transfer for a high radial nerve palsy? How

does it differ from original transfer?

Part B

1) Pylon prosthesis Indications, prerequisites and advantages.

2) Botulin in cerebral palsy patients.3) PTB prosthesis Indications and principles.

4) Radial club hand.

5) Salter osteotomy for DDH.

Paper III

1) Describe the biology of fracture healing and the influence of intra

medullary rods and plates in healing. Discuss the role of various

modalities in stimulation of osteogenesis

(25 marks)

2) Describe in brief on the following (15 marks each)i) Treatment of odontoid fracture in adults.

ii) Enumerate the complications of femoral neck fractures in children

and discuss the management in any one of the complications.

iii) Classification and treatment of acromioclavicular dislocation.

iv) Stress, Strain, Modulus of elasticity and strength in relation to

metallic implants.

v) Rotator cuff injury in sportsmen.

Paper IV

Part A

1) Trendelenberg test with its anatomical basis and clinical

applications

2) Madura foot.

3) Synovial fluid and its analysis in various arthritis

4) Blood supply of head of femur and its clinical significance.

5) Morbid Anatomy , radiological and laboratory features of Multiple

Myeloma

Part B

1) Thompsons approach of radius with applied Anatomy .


18/23

2) Paralytic Bladder.

3) Methotrexae as a DMARD.

4) Therapeutic ultrasound.

5) Prophylaxis in thrombo-embolic disease.

Dec. 2004

Paper I

1) Describe etiopathogenesis of thoracic outlet syndrome and its

management

2) Short notes on

i) Shock

ii) Haemophiliac arthropathy

iii) Compartment syndromeiv) Ehler-Danlos syndrome

v) Acute rupture of Achilles Tendon

Paper II

1) Discuss etiology, pathogenesis and management of Perthes disease.

2) Write short notes on

i) Principles of amputation of lower limb in children

ii) Dupuytrens contracture

iii) Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

v) Nuclear Imaging.iv) F.R.O.

Paper III

1) Classify pelvic fractures and discuss the management.


i) Fracture Talus

ii) Calcaneovalgus Deformity

iii) Myositis Ossificans

iv) Biomechanics of Hip

v) Habitual Dislocation of Patella

Paper IV

1) Describe calcium metabolism. Discuss the etiology, clinical

features, diagnosis and management of nutritional rickets.


i) Arches of foot

ii) Core decompression

iii) Bone graft substitutes

iv) Pathology of osteoarthritis

v) Sudecks osteodystrophy


19/23

June 2004

Paper I

1) Osteoporosis Definition, Etiology, Clinical features,

Investigations, Prevention and Treatment.2) Short notes on

i) Surgery for habitual dislocation of patella

ii) Triple arthrodesis for equinus

iii) Shoe modification for valgoid tilt

iv) Fascio-cutaneous skin graft

v) Ideal stump

Paper II

1) Discuss the merits & demerits of operative & non-operative treatment

of simple diaphyseal fracture of tibia.2) Short notes on

i) Bristows procedure

ii) Classification of Distal Radius fracture

iii) Classification of Rotatory knee instability

iv) Management of Pelvic fractures

v) Old metacarpo phalangeal dislocation

Paper III

1) Discuss mechanism & classification of injury around ankle joint.

Discuss diagnosis and treatment.2) Short notes on

i) Discuss Pathology & management of infected non-union.

ii) Fracture Neck of Femur Classification and treatment

iii) Compression & Distraction in Orthopaedics

iv) Role of Ligamentotaxis in fractures

v) Tension band wiring principle.

Paper IV

1) Describe bone tumour. Classification, diagnosis and treatment

modalities for Multiple Myeloma.2) Short notes on

i) Bone Cement

ii) Intrinsic Hand

iii) Shoulder Hand Syndrome

iv) Gait Cycle

v) Osteoclast.

Dec. 2003

Paper I

1) Define Gangrene. Describe the aetiological classification & Mx of


20/23

gas gangerene?

2) Short Notes on :

i) Skin grafting

ii) Madura foot

iii) Mortons metatarsalgia

iv) DVTv) Ewings tumour

Paper II

1. Management of ankle fractures in children

2. Pathophysiology & presentation of TB spine in children

3. Juvenile Chronic arthritis - DD & investigations

4. Osteochondritis dessicans

5. Congenital amputations of lower limb in children

6. Haemophilia knee

7. Compound palmar ganglia8. Ulnar claw hand

9. Pes planus

10. Mono ostotoc fibrous dysplasia

Paper III

1) Recent advances in the management of intraarticular fractures of

upper end of tibia

2) Short notes on :

i) Rationale of surgical treatment of recurrent dislocation of shoulder

ii) Hangmans fractureiii) Calcaneum fracture

iv) Orthopaedic complications of high dose steroid

v) Sudeks Osteodystrophy

Paper IV

1) Describe the mechanism of calcium homeostasis by parathyroid hormone

and the skeletal changes that occur as a result of hyperparathyroidism.

Discuss the uses and limitations of lab investigations in the diagnosis

of primary hyperparathyroidism

2) Short notes on :i) BMP

ii) 2nd line of ATT

iii) Acute ankle sprain

iv) Growth plate & its functions

v) Stress, strain & modulus of elasticity in relationship to implants.

Dec. 2002

Paper I

1) Aetiology, Pathology & Mx of Spinal canal stenosis

2) Short notes on :


21/23

i) Tension pneumpthorax

ii) Non specific synovitis

iii) Painful arc syndrome

iv) metastatic lesion of bone & tis management

v) Crush Syndrome

Paper II

1) Pathogenesis, Clinical features & management of Caries spine in a

child 10 yrs old

2) Short notes on :

i) Intrinsic muscles hand

ii) fibrous dysplasia

iii) Habittual dislocation patella

iv) LASER Therapy

v) Amputations in children

Paper III

1) Management of fracture pelvis and their complications

2) Short notes on :

i) Cerebral diplegia? Line of Management?

ii) Multiple myelpma Investigations & Management?

iii) Pes Planus etiology & Management?

iv) Investigations of Pain in Hand?

v) Rationale of surgical Rx for recurrent anterior dislocation

shoulder?

Paper IV

1) Blood supply of head of femur in diff age groups?Management of

Idiopathic AVN of Femur?

2) Short notes on :

i) Osteogenesis imperfecta

ii) Cubitus Varus

iii) Renal Rickets

iv) Sudecks dystrophy

v) Neurogenic Bladder

June 2002

Paper I

1) Describe the various approaches to the spine

2) Short notes on :

i) Recurrent dislocation of patella

ii) Compression plating


22/23

iii) Hallux valgus

iv) Volkmans ischaemic contracture

v) Ewings sarcoma

Paper II

1) Describe the management of claw hand

2) Short notes on :

i) CTEV

ii) Septic arthritis of hip in a child below 5 years and above 3years

iii) Epiphyseal injuries

iv) Principles of amputation in children

v) Calcaneovalgus foot

Paper III

1.Treatment of ununited fracture neck of femur2.Treatment of intercondylar fracture of humerus

3.Investigation of collapse of a vertebra

4.Osteomalacia

5.Osteogenesis imperfecta

6.Post Polio Residual Paralysis

7.Diagnostic criteria of osteolytic lesion in upper end tibia

8.Pilon fracture

9.Brodies abscess

10. Costo clavicular syndrome

Paper IV

1) Describe the Anatomy of recurrent dislocation shoulder? Discuss

Management

2) Short notes on :

i) Ceramics In Orthopaedics

ii) Bone grafts

iii) Hyper parathyroidism

iv) Pigmented villonodular synovitis

v) Pes planus

2001

Paper I

1. OA Knee pathophysiology. Discuss rationale of surgical management

of OA Knee

2. Short notes on :

i) Renal Rickets Pathophysiology

ii) Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

iii) Hand to Knee gait in Polio

iv) Wallerian Degenration

v) Endotoxic Shock


23/23

Paper II

1. Pathomechanics, Clincal features & Management of various deformities

in RA hand?

2. Short notes on :i) Pseudoarthrosis

ii) Neglected Cong. Talipes Equino varus

iii) Electromyography

iv) Osteochondromatosis

v) Suction socket prosthesis

Paper III

1.Discuss the pathological alterations of femoral neck & head in

neglected & ununited femoral neck fractures and their management?

2. Short notes on :i) Traumatic paraplegia

ii) Fractures at the upper end of humerus

iii) Intercarpal instability

iv) Two level fracture of shaft of tibia

v) Fractures and dislocation of talus

Paper IV

1. Describe the development of vertebral column.Pathogenesis and

management of potts paraplegia. Discuss the treatment of resistant

cases?2. Short notes on :

i) Biodegradable implants

ii) Rigid flat foot

iii) wrist drop

iv) Compartment Syndrome

v) Symes amputation

Credits to Dr Feroz Khan

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DNB Orthopaedics Theory Papers

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