IMPROVEMENT IN FOOD RESOURCES

Cattle Farming

Cattle farming can be defined as the method of raising and breeding of cattle such as cow, goat, camel, buffalo etc to obtain milk or meat

Cattle farming is the backbone of our economy. It plays a vital role in the rural economy.

Animal husbandry output constitutes about 24 per cent of the country's agricultural output.

The average adult in Argentina eats about 57kg of beef a year, which is about the weight of an average human teenager.

Cattle

Prod

ucts

MILK

Labour

Manure

Meat

Fibre

 

milk production

Dairy cows are bred to give birth to a calf in order to produce milk.. Milk – producing female are called milch animal

Lactation describes the secretion of milk from the mammary  glands. Milk production can be increased by increasing the lactation period.

•Meat is produced by killing an animal and cutting flesh out of it. These procedures are called slaughter and butchery, respectively.

•Under hygienic conditions and without other treatment, meat can be stored at above its freezing point (–1.5 °C) for about six weeks without spoilage.

Animals are used in labour due to sheer physical strength in tasks such as ploughing or logging. Such animals are grouped as a draught or draft animal.

Animal fibers are natural fibers like silk,hair,fur and wool.

Manure is organic matter used as organic fertilizer in agriculture. Animal manure can be an economical source of crop nutrients. Most animal manure is feces.

LABOUR

FIBRES

MANURE

INDIAN CATTLE BELONG TO TWO DIFFERENTSPECIES

BOS INDICUS-COWS BOS BUBALIS BUFFALOES

Cows drink about a bathtub full of water and eat around 40 pounds of food a day.

Jersey

Brown Swiss

Holstein - Friesian

Hav

e lo

ng la

ctat

ion

period

s

Different Types Of Breeds

Red Sindhi

Sahiwal

Gir Show

exc

elle

nt

resi

stan

ce to

dise

ases

• PROPER CLEANING • SHELTER FACILITIES FOR COWS AND BUFFALOES• REGULAR BRUSHING TO REMOVE DIRT AND LOOSE

HAIR.• SHELTERED UNDER WELL-VENTILATED ROOFED

SHEDS THAT PROTECT THEM FROM RAIN, HEAT AND COLD.

• THE FLOOR OF THE CATTLE SHED NEEDS TO BE SLOPING SO AS TO STAY DRY AND TO FACILITATE CLEANING.

• BALANCED RATIONS CONTAINING ALL NUTRIENTS IN PROPORTIONATE AMOUNTS.

• VACCINATIONS ARE GIVEN TO FARM ANIMALS AGAINST MANY MAJOR VIRAL AND BACTERIAL DISEASES.

Food requirements of dairy animals are

of two types

Milk producing requirement, which is the type of food required during the lactation period.

Maintenance requirement, which is the food required to support the animal to live a healthy life.

ANIMAL FEED

INCLUDES

ROUGHAGE, WHICH IS LARGELY

FIBRE.

CONCENTRATES, WHICH ARE HIGH

IN PROTEIN

DISEASESCattle suffer from a number of diseases mainly due to hygenic problems.These diseases reduce the milk production.In some cases it can even cause the death of the cow.

SOME DISEASES THAT AFFECT COWS ARE:

•E. coli: foodborne illness

•Campylobacter :a bacterium that can cause another foodborne illness resulting in nausea, vomiting, fever, abdominal pain, headache and muscle pain

•BLV :Bovine Leukemia virus is insect-borne 

E.COLI BACTERIA

CAMPLYOBACTER BACTERIUM

Poultry Farming

India ranks fifth in egg production in the world.

Poultry farming means raising birds like chickens, geese, ducks, etc., selling or eating their eggs and using them for meat. Poultry fowls are affected by diseases caused by virus, bacteria, fungi and parasites. They are protected from diseases by proper sanitation, spraying disinfectants and vaccination.

Poultry farming is undertaken for

To raise domestic fowl for egg production.

For Chicken meat.

Aseel

Chittagong

Ghagus

Busra

BREEDS

Cross-breeding between Indian varieties like Aseel and foreign

varieties like Leghorn is done to develop new varieties.

Variety improvement are focused on to develop new varieties for the

following desirable traits• Number and quality of chicks• Dwarf broiler parent for commercial

chick production• Summer adaptation capacity/ tolerance

to high temperature• Low maintenance requirements• Reduction in the size of the egg-laying

bird with ability to utilise more fibrous cheaper diets formulated using agricultural by-products

DID U KNOWThe largest number of poultry population is

found in Andhra Pradesh

DiseasesPoultry birds suffer from a variety of diseases caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites. They also suffer from nutritional deficiencies. Diseases in poultry can result in economic losses.

Bacterial diseases of poultry include cholera, tuberculosis and diarrhoea.Fowl pox is a viral disease of poultry.Aspergillosis is a fungal disease of poultry

EGG PRODUCTION

The egg production period in commercial layer ins500 days. For increasing the egg production for the development of new variety which respect to quantity and quality of eggs.

For good production of poultry birds good management practices are important such as:-

Maintenance of temperatureHygienic conditions in housingPoultry feedPrevention and control of diseases and pestsAppropriate vaccination

UK alone consumes over 29 million eggs

per day

FACTS

Chickens are raised upto 6-7 weeks in the poultry farm. They grow to a weight of 700gm to 1.5kg in this period. They are fed with vitamin rich supplementary feed for good growth rate, better feed efficiency. Care is taken to avoid mortality and for feathering and carcass quality. They are produced as broilers and sent to market for meat purposes.

1. Sahiwal is an

a)Indigenous breedb)Exotic breedc)Foreign breed

2. --------------- describes the secretion of milk from the mammary  glands.

a)Broilingb)Milkingc)Lactation

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