Do Now:

1. Is obesity considered a disability? Explain.2. Why do most diets have little long-term success? 3. How might such diets be detrimental?

Nutrients and Homeostasis

An increase in 5% body weight can cause fat deposits in the liver

A majority of liver transplants were due to hepatitis, more often it is due to an unexplained cause (cryptogenic) but all cases have seen fat deposits on the liver

Normal vs Abnormal Heart

Normal vs Abnormal Heart

True or False-You can never drink too much water.

Drinking more than 1.5 liters an hour dilutes the blood and causes sodium concentration in the blood to drop and osmotic pressure increases….water then enters cells causing them to swell….brain swelling can occur rapidly causing a coma

Anticipatory Set:

But until the 1740s, British sailors on long voyages were crippled by scurvy, an illness that produced weakness, bruising, bleeding gums, and painful joints.

Meanwhile, Dutch sailors who ate oranges at sea never got scurvy.

British physician James Lind hypothesized that citrus fruits might not only cure the illness but prevent it as well.

Lind divided the crew of one ship into six groups and gave each different foods. Sailors eating oranges, lemons, and limes remained healthy.

Simply adding vitamin C eliminated scurvy at sea. The sailors adopted the name “Limies.”

The six types of nutrients are WATER, CARBOHYDRATES, PROTEINS, FATS, MINERALS, AND VITAMINS.

• Water makes up 55% to 60% of your body. – involved in nearly every cell and body process– need 2 liters (8 cups) a day to replace fluid lost

• Carbohydrates are the main source of energy for the body.– simple and complex carbohydrates supply glucose– fiber from plant foods helps elimination

Simple and Complex Carbohydrates

• Proteins are necessary for growth and repair of the body’s cells.– enzymes– body makes 12 out of 20 amino acids – other eight essential amino acids come

from food (ex. Beans and Rice)

• Fats provide energy and key building components.– fats are saturated and unsaturated – essential fatty acids come from food– component of hormones and cell

membranes– myelin sheaths– insulation

Proteins and Fats

Protein malnutrition

• Kwashiokor –severe form of protein insufficiency

edema, irritability, anorexia, ulcerating dermatoses, and an enlarged liver with fatty infiltrates

5 signs your not getting enough fat in your diet

1. Hunger

2. Dry skin.

3. Poor body temperature regulation

4. Extreme mental fatigue

5. Loss of your menstrual cycle

• Minerals are inorganic materials.– help to build or repair tissues– replenished by eating variety of foods

• Vitamins are organic molecules that work with enzymes.– vitamins are fat-soluble and water-soluble – regulate cell functions, growth, development – replenished by eating variety of foods

Essential Vitamins

Meeting nutritional needs supports good health.

• During puberty, you require more nutrients and Calories.– 1g of protein or carbohydrate

equals 4 Calories. – 1g of fat equals 9 Calories.

• A balanced diet of whole foods provides the best nutrients and Calories.

• Food and physical activity also need to be balanced. MALES

FEMALES

• Food labels can help you make good eating choices.

Student Learning Objective:You should be able to identify six types of nutrients that help maintain homeostasis and describe ways of meetingnutritional needs that support good health.

Essential Question:What nutrients do cells require?

Chapter 32: The Digestive System

Section 32.1-Nutrients and Homeostasis

Do now:

1. Would a diet higher in protein or in complex carbohydrates give you more energy? Explain your answer.

2. What nutritional advantages do unprocessed foods offer over processed foods?

Independent Practice/HW:

Read section 32.1, Complete FAQ’s pg 914