Do-Now If you owe me a project put it in the basket Take out the planet packet you had for
homework As I come around a check answer the
following questions using R.A.C.E Date and title the page Inner Planets
What do the four inner planets all have in common?
Anything Blue goes in your notes today!
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The Solar System
By Miss ScillieriMemorial School6th Grade
3Relative Sizes of the Planets, plus Pluto
Image from http://www.nineplanets.org/gif/NinePlanets.jpg
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Not pictured, the dwarf planet Ceres
Not picturedThe dwarf planet Eris
Jupiter
SaturnUranus
Neptune
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Image from http://www.nineplanets.org/gif/NinePlanets.jpg
Clean picture comparing relative sizes
Another perspective
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Image from http://media.skyandtelescope.com/images/TwelvePlanets_l.jpg
Another perspectiveRenamed Eris
The Inner PlanetsMercuryVenusEarthMars
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Characteristics of the Inner PlanetsThey are 4 planets closest to
the sun: Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars. Located inside Asteroid Belt
Very similar to each other, they are small and have rocky surfaces. They are dense. Do NOT have rings
Often called “terrestrial planets” because they resemble Earth, “terra-” means “Earth”
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MercurySize- about 38% of Earth’s diameter it is 4878 km
Distance from sun- about 39% of Earth’s distance it is 58,000,000 km
Surface- thin, hard rocky surface covered with many plains and craters
Atmosphere- very thin
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Mercury Ability to support life- none, there is
NOT any sign of life on Mercury, lack of water and oxygen along with hot temperatures make life unlikely
Moons- none Rotation- 59 Earth days Revolution- .24 Earth years Daytime(sunlit side) temperature 430ºC
Nighttime(shaded side) temperature -190ºC
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Mercury
Image on left from http://astrogeology.usgs.gov/Projects/BrowseTheSolarSystem/gifs/mercury2.gif
Image on right from http://pds.jpl.nasa.gov/planets/images/browse/mercury/mercury1.jpg
Venus Size- slightly smaller than Earth 95% of Earth’s diameter, it is 12,104
km Distance from sun- about 2/3 of
Earth’s, it is 108,000,000 km from sun Surface- covered with rock similar to
some parts of Earth, has volcanoes with lava flows and strange domes
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Venus Atmosphere- Very thick and cloudy,
mostly carbon dioxide, clouds partly sulfuric acid. The thick atmosphere traps heat making it HOT!
Atmospheric pressure is 90 times heavier than Earth’s and would crush a human
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Venus Atmosphere continued- Mostly
carbon dioxide so greenhouse effect is strong
Has clouds of sulfuric acid
Ability to support life- Life does NOT appear to exist on Venus, lack of water along with harsh temperatures and atmosphere make life on Venus unlikely
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Venus Sometimes called “Earth’s twin” or
“Earth’s sister planet” due to similarity Retrograde rotation- rotates “backward”
from east to west (opposite of Earth) Rotates very slowly, one rotation takes
about 8 Earth months and one revolution around sun takes about 7.5 Earth months (One day is longer than one year)
Moons- None
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Venus15
Image on left from http://rocksfromspace.open.ac.uk/images/venus.jpg
EarthSize- 12,756 km diameterDistance from Sun- 150,000,000
km Surface- Crust is a solid rocky
surface, 70% is covered by water
Atmosphere- up to 100 km thick, made up of 78% Nitrogen, 21% Oxygen, 1% other gases
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EarthAbility to Support Life- Life does exist on Earth. Gaseous oxygen, liquid water and moderate temperatures are hospitable for life on Earth
Rotation takes 24 hoursRevolution takes 365.25 daysEarth has one moon
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Earth18
Image on left from http://www.physorg.com/newman/gfx/news/2005/earth12.jpg
Image on right from http://z.about.com/d/space/1/7/c/e/earth_moon.jpg
MarsSize- 53% of Earth’s diameter, it is 6794 km
Distance from Sun- about 1.5 times distance of EarthIt is 228,000,000 km from sun
Surface-Rocky surface with carbonite rocks high in iron, creating red color Polar ice caps contain frozen water and carbon dioxide
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Mars Atmosphere- Very thin, with thin
clouds Mostly carbon dioxide Ability to support life- It is possible
that primitive bacteria may have lived on Mars or may now live there but none has been found. Existence of liquid water makes life on Mars a possibility
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MarsHas polar ice caps of frozen
water and frozen carbon dioxideRotation- 1.03 Earth daysRevolution- 1.9 Earth yearsMars has largest volcano in solar
system, called Olympus MonsMoons- 2 Phobos and Deimos
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Image of Phobos from http://www.nasa.gov/images/content/221818main_PIA10368-516.jpg
Mars
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Image on left from http://www.lunarplanner.com/Images/Mars2003/Mars.jpg
Image on right from http://www.spacetoday.org/images/Mars/MarsRovers2003/MarsRover2003_1.jpg
Do-Now Come in quietly Take out HW- As I check answer the Do
Now in Blue If you were absent check the folder! It is
due tomorrow Answer the following question? What do
the four outer planets have in common? Anything in Blue goes in your notes
today!
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The Outer PlanetsJupiterSaturnUranus
NeptunePluto (a dwarf Planet)
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Characteristics of The Outer PlanetsThese are the planets outside
of the Asteroid Belt, they are: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and the dwarf planets Pluto and Eris
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune are called “Gas Giants” . They are much larger than Earth and do not have solid surfaces
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Characteristics of The Outer Planets Pluto and Eris are small and rocky,
like the terrestrial planets. The gas giants do not have well-
defined surfaces but have deep atmospheres that are typically about 75% hydrogen, 24% helium, and 1% other elements
Gas giants likely have solid cores of rock, ice, frozen carbon dioxide and other compounds
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JupiterSize- diameter is 11 times
Earth’s, It is 142,800 kmDistance from Sun- 5.2 times
further than Earth. It is 778,000,000 km
Surface and atmosphere of gas and liquid it does not have a well-defined surface
Has a deep atmosphere of about 86 % hydrogen,14 % helium, and tiny amounts of methane, ammonia, phosphine, water, acetylene, ethane, germanium, and carbon monoxide.
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JupiterAbility to support life- Lacks water, oxygen and moderate temperatures needed to support life. NO known life
Largest planet in solar system with 300 times the mass of Earth
Rotation- .41 Earth days (fastest)
Revolution- 29 Earth years
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JupiterMoons- 63Has dark ringsGreat Red Spot is storm on Jupiter, twice as big as Earth
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Jupiter
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Image on left from http://pds.jpl.nasa.gov/planets/images/browse/jupiter/jupiter.jpg
Image on right from http://www.spacetoday.org/images/SolSys/Jupiter/JupiterBelowIo2001.jpg
Jupiter and moon Io
SaturnSize- About 9.44 times size of
Earth. It is 120,540 kmDistance from sun- About 9.5
times distance from sun as Earth. 1,427,000,000 km
Surface and atmosphere –has no surface. Just thick mixture of gases.
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Saturn Ability to support life- Lacks water,
oxygen, and moderate temperatures needed to support life
Second largest planet in solar system Rotation- 0.43 Earth days Revolution- 29 Earth years
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Saturn Moons- scientists are unsure because of
distance and composition. Estimated at 60
Low density planet, could float in water
Has beautiful rings that look like thick and thin bands of color
Titan- its biggest moon is bigger than Mercury. Pictures show landforms once formed by flowing liquid. Scientists are studying if the moon can support life.
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Saturn
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Image on right from http://www.adlerplanetarium.org/cyberspace/planets/saturn/images/saturns_ring_plane.jpg
Image on left fromhttp://pds.jpl.nasa.gov/planets/images/full/saturn/saturn.jpg
UranusSize- About 4 times diameter of Earth. It is 51,200 km
Distance from Sun- About 19 times farther from sun than Earth. It is 2,871,000,000 km
Surface and atmosphere of a gas giant, it does not have a well-defined surface,
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Uranus The surface of Uranus consists of
blue-green clouds made up of tiny ice crystals of methane, and rock. The crystals of methane have frozen out of the planet's atmosphere.
Uranus' atmosphere is about 83% hydrogen, 15% helium and 2% methane.
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Uranus Ability to support life- Lacks water, oxygen, and
moderate temperatures needed to support life, NO known life
Rotation- 0.72 Earth days, is retrograde rotation like Venus, and rotates on side
Revolution- 84 Earth years
Uranus rotates on a 90 tilt and from bottom to top instead of side to side
Moons- 27. Icy and cratered surfaces
Rings- 11 dark rings. They are not as prominent or pretty as Saturn’s
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Uranus 38
Image on left from http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/image/uranus.jpg
Image on right from http://www.nasa.gov/images/content/139938main_uranus_ring.jpg
Do-Now Come in quietly Take out notebook open up to yesterday’s notesSit with your Color Team Red, Orange, Blue, and
Green. Do-Now Blue Team- fill in the first column on your
graphic organizer- FIRST COLUMN ONLY! Green, Orange, and Red Teams – Write 2-3
sentences describing Neptune’s rings, moons, and composition.
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Today we are going to the movies We will watch the brain pops on the
following titles
Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune Pluto
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Assignment Blue (Uranus)- after
movie you will complete KWL chart
Green (Saturn) – after movie you will write a story about visiting Saturn and what you need to pack in your suitcase to survive
Red (Pluto) will use information text to complete graphic organizer
Orange (Neptune)- will draw a poster advertising why it is such a great planet.
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THIS IS GRADED Last week’s center, this center, and tomorrow
center will be combined into one big grade for the 2nd Marking Period.
This assignments like all assignments deserve your upmost respect, attention, and effort!
This can easily be turned into an individual ESSAY instead of a group station!
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Neptune Size- Almost 4 times diameter of
Earth. It is 49,500 km Distance from Sun- Almost 30 times
farther from sun than Earth. It is 4,497,000,000 km
Surface and atmosphere of a gas giant, it does not have a well-defined surface
Neptune's composition is similar to Uranus. Cold and blue from methane clouds.
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Neptune continuedAtmosphere is mostly hydrogen and helium with a small amount of methane.
Ability to support life- Lacks significant water, oxygen, and moderate temperatures needed to support life. NO known life.
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Neptune continuedRotation- 0.67 Earth daysRevolution- 165 Earth yearsVisible clouds in atmosphereMoons- 133 Very dark rings, 1 very
faint ring
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Neptune
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Image on left from http://www.diracdelta.co.uk/science/source/n/e/neptune/neptune.jpg
Image on right from http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/63/Neptune-visible.jpg
Pluto Size- about 17% of diameter of
Earth. It is 2200 km Distance from sun- more than 39
times farther than Earth. It is 5,913,000,000 kilometers
Rocky, icy surface is very small Thin atmosphere of methane gas
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Pluto continued Ability to support life- Lacks water,
oxygen, and warmth needed for life NO known life Moons- 1 Charon (book), 3- Charon,
Hydra and Nix (web and NASA) Rotation- 6.4 Earth days Revolution- 248 Earth years
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Pluto 49
Image on left from http://www.crh.noaa.gov/Image/fsd/astro/Pluto1.jpgImage on right from http://www.jb.man.ac.uk/public/Pluto1.jpg
The Dwarf PlanetsCeres- new dwarf planet, it was
classified as the largest asteroid in the Asteroid Belt (it is between Mars & Jupiter). Say
Pluto- was classified as a planet, now classified as a dwarf planet
Eris- new dwarf planet, past Pluto it is an icy body near the edge of our solar system. Say
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The Dwarf Planets and their Moons
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Image from http://www.windows.ucar.edu/our_solar_system/dwarf_planets/images/dwarf_planet_sizes_sm.jpg
Planets and Dwarf Planets compared Dwarf planets are smaller than planets Both orbit the Sun Both are large enough that their gravity
pulls them into the shape of a sphere Planets clear smaller objects out of their
orbit. Dwarf planets can not because of their weaker gravity
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Information from http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/our_solar_system/dwarf_planets/dwarf_planets.html
Background info on Dwarf Planets There are currently three official dwarf
planets. Pluto, formerly the smallest of the nine "traditional" planets, was demoted to dwarf planet status. Ceres, the largest asteroid in the main asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter, was also declared a dwarf planet. The third and final (for now!) dwarf planet is Eris, an icy body on the edge of our Solar System that was discovered recently in 2005. Eris was temporarily labeled 2003 UB313 when it was first discovered, and given the nickname "Xena", before astronomers settled on the official name of Eris.
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Text from http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/our_solar_system/dwarf_planets/dwarf_planets.html
Background info on Dwarf Planets continued
What's the difference between regular planets and dwarf planets? As you might guess, it's partly an issue of size, with dwarf planets being smaller. But just how big does a planet need to be to become a full-fledged planet instead of a dwarf? You might think the minimum size requirement is arbitrary, but the size cutoff is actually based on other properties of the object and its history in the Solar System. Both planets and dwarf planets orbit the Sun, not other planets (in which case we call them moons). Both must be large enough that their own gravity pulls them into the shapes of spheres; this rules out numerous smaller bodies like most asteroids, many of which have irregular shapes. Planets clear smaller objects out of their orbits by sucking the small bodies into themselves or flinging them out of orbit. Dwarf planets, with their weaker gravities, are unable to clear out their orbits.Though there are just three dwarf planets now, their number is expected to grow. Scientists estimate there may be 70 dwarf planets amongst outer solar system objects that have been discovered already. Since we don't know the actual sizes or shapes of many of the objects we've found (because they are so far away), we can't yet determine whether they are actually dwarf planets or not. More observations and better telescopes will help us determine which other objects are dwarf planets. Astronomers speculate that there may be 200 or so dwarf planets out through the distance of the Kuiper Belt, an icy band of frozen planetoids on the edge of our Solar System.
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Text from http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/our_solar_system/dwarf_planets/dwarf_planets.html
Additional Sources http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/
our_solar_system/dwarf_planets/dwarf_planets.html
http://www.pantheon.org/miscellaneous/pronunciations.html
http://www.nasa.gov http://www.nineplanets.org
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