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Do Now (looseleaf)
1. What is the difference between a motor neuron, sensory neuron and an interneuron?
2. How do nerves communicate with one another?
3. How does a neurotransmitter know what receptor to go to? Explain
Do Now (looseleaf)
1. How do neurotransmitters and hormones travel around the body?
2. Where are neurotransmitters and hormones secreted from?
3. How are neurotransmitters and hormones similar?
4. Using your knowledge, predict which system causes a change in your body faster (endocrine or nervous)
Endocrine System How does the endocrine system help maintain homeostasis?
Controls and coordinates the body’s response to changes in the environment using hormones!
Is this the same function as the nervous system? Explain
So are the nervous and endocrine systems the same thing? Explain
Yes! Both perform REGULATION
Are you crazy? NO- Nervous system uses nerves and
neurotransmitters- Endocrine system uses glands and
hormones
What organs are in the endocrine system?
Glands
Synthesize and secrete hormones
What are hormones?Hormones
Chemical signals secreted in one area of the body that affect other areas
Hormones are proteins with a specific shape
Travel in blood vessels Allow body to RESPOND to
CHANGE
How do hormones have a specific shape?*Hormones are proteins!
Sequence of amino acids determines shape of proteins
So, how do hormones work? Different glands secrete different
hormones Specific hormones are secreted into the
blood and travel everywhere in the body! Hormones only affect / attach to certain
cells, called target cells
How do hormones know what cells to affect or deliver a message to?
Target cells recognize specific hormones because hormones have specific shapes that only fit in certain cell receptors!
Specific Hormones & Specific Receptors
Hormones and receptors fit together like a: Lock and Key
Hormone
Secreting Cell(Gland Cell)
Can’t readsignal
Can’t readsignalNon-target
Cells
Why?
Target Cells
Receptors
Blood Vessel
Binding of a hormone to a receptor on the surface of its target cell causes…
A specific reaction
Lets take a look at the types of glands, hormones and the reactions they cause!
Pituitary Gland Also known as… The MASTER Gland Location - BRAIN
Hormone(s) Target(s) Function(s)
TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone) Thyroid Gland
Causes Thyroid to secrete its hormone
Affects metabolism
FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone) Ovaries / Testes Stimulates sperm and egg
development
Growth Hormone Bones Stimulates elongation of the bones
Thyroid Gland Location - Neck
Hormone(s) Target(s) Function(s)
Thyroxine Various CellsIncreases metabolism, digestion and energy levels
Adrenal Gland Location – Top of Kidneys
Hormone(s) Target(s) Function(s)
Epinephrine / AdrenalineHeart
Blood VesselsSkin
Muscles
Emergency Response
“Fight or Flight” Response
Pancreas Location – Behind Stomach
Hormone(s) Target(s) Function(s)
Insulin Body CellsEspecially Liver & Muscle Cells
Lowers blood sugar levels
Stores sugar in in liver and muscle cells as glycogen
Glucagon Body CellsEspecially Liver & Muscle Cells
Raises blood sugar levels
Stimulates the release of sugar stored in liver cells
Gonads – Testes & Ovaries
Hormone(s) Target(s) Function(s)
Estrogen & Progesterone Ovaries & body cells
Influences development of female secondary sex characteristics
Testosterone Testes & body cellsInfluences development of male secondary sex characteristics
Type 1 Diabetes (insulin-dependent diabetes)• The body does not produce insulin. • Developed before 40th birthday, often in early adulthood or
teenage years. • Only about 10% of all diabetes cases are type 1. • Patients with type 1 diabetes will need to take insulin injections
for the rest of their life. They must also carrying out regular blood tests and following a special diet.
Type 2 Diabetes• Body does not produce enough insulin for proper function, or
the cells in the body do not react to insulin (insulin resistance).
How is hormone production regulated?
Hormones are NEVER released at a constant rate!Example:
Growth Hormone – If released at a constant rate… You would be a GIANT!! (Gigantism)
Hormones are released based upon…
The needs of the body
The mechanism that alters (stimulates or stops) the activity of a gland is usually an example of a
Example: Heating your home using a thermostat
If the home is cool, you raise the heat, thermostat, to 70⁰F and the home begins to warm up
FEEDBACK MECHANISM
What happens when 70⁰F has been reached?The heat will shut off because 70⁰F
was reached!The heat will turn back on when
the temperature is below 70⁰F
How does the process of Feedback work in your body?When is your blood glucose level high?
When is your blood glucose level low?
Types of Feedback:Positive Feedback – Negative Feedback –
Both Positive & Negative Feedback helps to…
hormone secretion continues hormone secretion STOPS
Maintain Homeostasis
Ingestion of Elevated Blood Secretion of Drop in blood Secretion of Starch causes Sugar Levels insulin is increased sugar levels insulin decreased
Are you ready?1. If liver cells usually have 100 insulin receptors each, and they
dropped down to only 50 each, what would happen?
2. Draw a neurotransmitter that would attach to this receptor:
Type 1 Diabetes (insulin-dependent diabetes)• The body does not produce insulin. • Developed before 40th birthday, often in early adulthood or
teenage years. • Only about 10% of all diabetes cases are type 1. • Patients with type 1 diabetes will need to take insulin injections
for the rest of their life. They must also carrying out regular blood tests and following a special diet.
Type 2 Diabetes• Body does not produce enough insulin for proper function, or
the cells in the body do not react to insulin (insulin resistance).