DO NOW: Page 817 answer questions 1/2

SECTION 2

THE HOME FRONT

20s

• WHY?

30s

Were Americans the only ones

using propaganda?

Betty Grable: Allied Pinup Girl

She Reminded Men What They Were Fighting ForWould this be

acceptable during WW1 (1914-1919?)

What does this tell us about American culture in the 1940s?

New Roles for Women

1942: a woman grinds the points on drills, and the drills will be used in the war effort.

· There was an urgent need for women to enter the workforce to help with the war effort and to keep the nation’s economy going.

Over 6 million women entered the workforce, replacing men that joined the military.

· “Rosie the Riveter” symbolized the millions of women that worked in factories producing planes, tanks, ships, and other war goods.

We Can Do It! Rosie the Riveter Artist: J. Howard Miller

· Women enjoyed a newfound confidence in their ability and right to work outside of the home and many began to earn salaries equal to men.

• Pink imitating Rosie

“Rosie the Riveter” VideoLyrics by Redd Evans and John Jacob Loeb, 1942

A real-life "Rosie" working on the A-31 Vengeance bomber in Nashville, Tennessee (1943)

Disney WW2 Propaganda1. Title of cartoon2. Purpose of cartoon (i.e. war bonds, recruitment, training, education)3. target audience 4. emotions5. techniques used

NJ in WW2 Reading • On the night of Jan. 16, 1942, less than six weeks after Pearl

Harbor, LT. Cmdr. Reinhard Hardegen stood on the bridge of the Nazi submarine U-123 and with his high-powered binoculars scanned the beachfronts of Wildwood and Cape May eight miles away.

• Hardegen and his junior officers were amazed at what they saw; New Jersey shore towns remained illuminated. They could see vehicles moving on beachfront streets.

• “It was a special experience for us to be that close to the American shore, to be able to see the cars driving on land, to see the lights on the streets, to smell the forests,” Hardegen recalled in a post war interview. “We were that close.”

• What Hardegen was seeing was a selfish side of New Jersey at war.

• Shore lights cast a glow 25 miles at sea…(continued on handout)

Separate sheet to hand in • QUESTIONS: 1. Why did most NJ towns ignore

the Navy’s request?• 2. On Memorial Day how did bathers at Ship

Bottom see the Navy respond?• 3. What happened to Newark Airport during the

war? • 4. Why did many people think NJ would be

targeted? • 5. What happened to the car factory in Linden

during the war? (What did it make?)

Zoot Suit RiotThe trial of the rioters was unusual. Judge Charles W. Fricke would not allow the defendants to cut their hair or change their "zoot suit" clothes, even though they were going to be in jail for months.

The sheriff's department offered "evidence" claiming to show that people of Spanish or Indian heritage were more likely to be violent.

The court verdict was against the rioters.

In October 1944 the convictions were thrown out by the appeals court. It ruled that racial prejudice and improper handling of the case had resulted in an unfair trial.

Alleged "Zoot Suit rioters" leave a Los Angeles jail for a court appearance, 1943.

Zoot Suit RIOT!• Race riots between white sailors and

young Mexican Americans (easily identified by their “Zoot Suits”)

Relocation of Japanese Americans

· After the attack on Pearl Harbor, many Americans questioned the loyalty of Japanese Americans, fearing they may act as spies or help Japan invade the U.S.

The Wartime Relocation

Agency (WRA) forced

approximately 120,000 Japanese

Americans to sell their

homes and businesses

http://www.fdrlibrary.marist.edu/images/photodb/23-0308a.gif

Internment camp in Manzanar, California

• They were released in 1944, after victory against the Japanese seemed imminent.

and relocate to inland camps, living in crowded barracks behind barbed wire.

They remained in the camps for the rest of the war.Some Japanese Americans went to court to fight for their civil liberties.

Their efforts failed.

Still, when the military ban on Japanese Americans was lifted in 1943, many eagerly joined the 44nd Regimental Combat Team.

Japanese American Internment (U.S. Govt Propaganda)(9:26)

Kenji - Manzanar (3:51)This is a video to the song "Kenji" by Fort Minor, or Mike Shinoda of Linkin Park. It describes his family's life in the time of World War II and how they were put in a Japanese Internment Camp.

We're gonna have to slap the dirty little JapAnd Uncle Sam's the guy who can do itWe'll skin the streak of yellow from this sneaky little fellowAnd he'll think a cyclone hit him when he's thru itWe'll take the double crosser to the old woodshedWe'll start on his bottom and go to his head

Performed by Carson Robison, December 1941 – audio link

When we get thru with him he'll wish that he was deadWe gotta slap the dirty little Jap We're gonna have to slap the dirty little JapAnd Uncle Sam's the guy who can do itThe Japs and all their hooey will be changed into chop sueyAnd the rising sun will set when we get thru itTheir alibi for fighting is to save their faceFor ancestors waiting in celestial spaceWe'll kick their precious face down to the other placeWe gotta slap the dirty little Jap

Korematsu v. United States (1944)

The Facts The Issue The Decision• In 1942, FDR ordered that

select people could be banned from war zones.

• The army relocated Japanese Americans on the West Coast to internment camps.

• Fred Korematsu was arrested for resisting the army’s orders.

Korematsu argued that he was denied equal protection under the law because he was a Japanese American.

The court held that the military order was justified for security reasons.

As industries cranked out military goods, consumer goods became scarce.

• Shopped with ration books

• Bought war bonds• Planted victory gardens• Collected scrap metal and

other materials

The Office of War Information worked with the media to encourage support of the war effort Americans:

Americans made many sacrifices, looking toward

victory.

Japanese Internment Crossword

HANDOUT

• Use this photo for the “List what you see in the artifact” question

• Answer on same sheet as DO NOW