Do-Now: Write the questions and answers.

• The characteristics of all organisms are determined by the instructions carried in their _____.A) sugar basesB) amino acidsC) DNAD) ribosomes

• Which of the following best describes a carbohydrate.A) used for energyB) store energy for very long periods of timeC) used in immune responses.

SB1C

Identify the function of the four major macromolecules:-carbohydrates-proteins-lipids-nucleic acids

Article: Healthy Fats

• Free Write: 5-6 sentences, 6-7 terms

• “Soybeans are important to nutrition…”

Omega-3SDAEPAGenetically modified

Fish oilgenecellenzyme

Nutrition scientistsmercury

EAT LIKE AN OLYMPIAN

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Of0-MQg1YPg

Do Now• Organic molecules called ___ are insoluble

in water, are often found in biological membranes and other waterproof coverings, and have the ability to store energy for extended periods of time.

• A cell’s work is carried out by many different types of molecules. ____ are especially important because they are involved in cell signaling, immune response, and enzyme activity.Word bank: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

Do Now

• Protein molecules are composed of long chains of __________.A) RNAB) amino acidsC) DNAD) ribosomes

• Where in the cell are proteins made?

BIOCHEMESTRY

MACROMOLECULES

MACROMOLECULES• “large molecules”• Made mostly of carbon,

hydrogen, and some other molecules

• Macromolecules are versatile molecules from which everything is formed.

• biochemistry is the study of these molecules that form life.

9

Carbon is a Versatile Atom

•Carbon has four electrons in its outer shell, so it can bond to 4 other molecules.

10

Shape of Organic Molecules

•Each type of organic

molecule has a unique three-dimensional

structureThe structure of a molecule determines its function in an

organism

Macromolecules are made of many small subunits bonded together– Monomers are the individual

subunits.– Polymers are made of many

monomers

Where did they come from?

• The primordial Earth (over 3 billion years ago) was a very different place than today– greater amounts of energy– stronger storms– many active volcanoes

• There was an abundance of inorganic gases but no oxygen, and…

• THERE WAS NO LIFE

• Stanley Miller wanted to show that organic compounds came from inorganic chemicals present in the atmosphere at that time.

• amino acids formed. • Subsequent modifications of

the experiment produced all four organic macromolecule classes.

There are 4 types of macromolecules that

make up all living things.

• Carbohydrates• Lipids• Proteins• Nucleic acids

• Function –main source of energy for cells–part of cell structure

• Cellulose in cell walls of plants• Chitin in cell walls of Fungi and

exoskeleton of insects

• Monomer – simple sugar or glucose

Carbohydrates

•Part of cell• Chloroplast• Mitochondria

• Examples –• Sugar• Starch

• Food sources of carbohydrates include sugar, breads, rice, pasta, etc.

• Function - –Store energy –Make up cell membranes –Makes hormones–waterproofing and insulation.

Lipids

• Monomer– fatty acids.

• Part of cell– Cell membranes

• Examples – fats, oils, waxes and steroids.

• Functions–enzymes that regulate cell

processes– transport

molecules across cell membranes.

– Build tissues like muscle and bone

– Fight infection and disease

Proteins

• Monomers – amino acids

• Parts of cell – almost all parts of cell

• Examples – food sources• Meat• Eggs• Dried beans or peas• Milk• Cheese

Amino acid

• Function –DNA stores

genetic information.

• RNA builds proteins.

•Monomer - nucleotide

Nucleic Acids

• Parts of cell–Chromosomes (DNA)–Ribosomes (RNA)–Nucleus

• Examples - DNA & RNA