Do Now/Catalyst Match the following with their names

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

Parts of a Long Bone

Homework Check/Review

• Frontal bone is an example of which type?

• The femur is an example of?

• The scapula is an example of?

• The carpals are an example of?

• The metatarsals are an example of?

Spiraling: Biomed Terms

• Do you know the meaning of the following?

• 1. Ventro

• 2. Vertebro

• 3. Pedi

• 4. Pelvi

• 5. Planto/ar

Can you break these words apart?

• Psuedovertbrous

• Pelvicle

• Pedeal

• Ventric

• Plantar

• Let’s try on our own first…

Objectives

• You will be able to list the functions of the skeletal system

• You will be able to list and describe the different joint types.

Functions of the Skeletal System

• Support: Bones of the legs, pelvis, and vertebral column hold up the body; the jaw bones support the teeth, and nearly all bones provide support for muscles.

• Movement: Skeletal muscles would serve little purpose if not for their attachment to the bones and ability to move them.

• Protection: Bones enclose and protect such delicate organs and tissues as the brain, spinal cord, lungs, heart, pelvic viscera, and bone marrow.

• Blood formation: Red bone marrow is the major producer of blood cells, including most cells of the immune system.

Functions of the Skeletal System..

• Electrolyte Balance: the skeleton is the body’s main mineral reservoir. It stores calcium and phosphate and releases them when needed for other purposes.

• Acid-Base Balance: Bone buffers the blood against excessive pH changes by absorbing or releasing alkaline salts such as calcium phosphate.

• Detoxification: bone tissue removes heavy metals and other foreign elements from the blood and thus reduces their toxic effects on other tissues. It can later release these contaminants more slowly for excretion. The tendency of bone to absorb foreign elements can, however, have terrible consequences.

Joint Types

• Bony Joints: immovable joints formed when the gap between two bones ossifies and they become, in effect, a single bone. Most of these joints form with age and become either cartilaginous or fibrous joints.

• Fibrous Joint: a point at which adjacent bones are bound by collagen fibers that emerges from the matrix of one bone, cross the space between them, and penetrate into the matrix of another. Examples include the sutures between your cranial bones.

Joint Types

• Cartilaginous Joint: a joint that links two bones using cartilage. Examples: The pubic symphysis of the pubis bone, as well as the rib attachments to the sternum.

Joint Types

• Synovial Joints: are the majority and most recognizable type of joint in the body; they are freely movable, and we’re going to learn all six different types

Synovial Joints

– Hinge Joints: at one, one bone has a convex surface that fits into a concave depression of the other one. Allows movement in only one plane.

– Examples: knee, elbow, interphalangeal– Gliding Joints: articular surfaces are flat or only

slightly concave and convex. The adjacent bones slide over each other and have rather limited monoaxial movement.

– Examples: between the carpal and tarsal bones, between the vertebrae, and at the sternoclavicular joint

Synovial Joint

– Pivot Joints: monaxial joints in which one bone has a projection that fits into a ringlike ligament of another, and the first bone rotates on its longitudinal axis relative to the other.

– Examples include: the atlantoaxial joint or the proximal radioulnar joint

– Saddle Joints: This is a biaxial joint in which the articular surface of each bone is shaped like a saddle. An example is the trapeziometacarpal joint at the base of the thumb. This is actually the hallmark of primate anatomy- opposable thumbs.

Synovial Joints

– Condyloid Joints: These joints exhibit an oval convex surface on one bone that fits into a similarly shaped depression on the next. The radiocarpal joint of the wrist and the metacarpophalangeal joints at the bases of the fingers are examples.

– Ball-and-socket joints: occur at the shoulder and hip, where one bone has a smooth hemispherical head that fits within a cuplike depression of the other. The head of the humerus fits into the glenoid cavity of the scapula, and the head of the femur fits into the acetabelum of the os coxae. These are the only multiaxial joints of the skeleton.

Be Prepared for Quick Quiz Next Time

• The different types of bones and the structure of long bones.