Do you know that coughing sneezing and myalgia are some sign and symptoms for corona virus?

Do you know that the corona virus was called so due to its for the crown-like spikes on their surface?

Do you know that transmission of virus occurs through direct contact with the an infected person?

Join us as we reveal the facts about such an important spread of an obscure opponent “ CORONA VIRUS”!

BS 1 NURSING

Microbiology Intro

VIRUS

A virus is a small infectious agent that can replicate only inside the living cells of an organism.

Viruses can infect all types of organisms, from animals and plants to bacteria.

Viruses vary in size & shape

Bacteria Virus

Living attributes: Living organism Opinions differ on whether viruses are a form of life, or organic structures that interact with living organisms.Number of cells: Unicellular; one cell No cells; not living

Structures: DNA and RNA floating freely in cytoplasm. Cell wall and cellmembraneDNA or RNA enclosed inside a coat of protein

Ribosomes: Present Absent

Enzymes: Yes Yes, in some

Nucleus: No No

Can cause disease?: Yes Yes

Infection: Localized Systemic

How is it treated?: Anibiotics Vaccines prevent the spread and antiviral medications help to slow reproduction but can not stop it completely.

Beneficial?: Some beneficial bacteria (e.g. certain bacteria required in the gut)

Viruses are not beneficial. However, a particular virus may be able to destroy brain tumors (see references). Viruses can be useful in genetic engineering.

Reproduction: Fission- a form of asexual reproduction

Invades a host cell and takes over the cell causing it to make copies of the viral DNA/RNA. Destroys the host cell releasing new viruses.

Size: Larger (1000nm) Smaller (20 - 400nm)

Presence of living host

Doesn’t need host, can grow on non living surfaces

Needs host

Intercellular organism

Intracellular organism

Respiratory system :The respiratory system (or ventilatory system) is the biological system that introduces respiratory gases to the interior and performs gas exchange. In humans and other mammals, the anatomical features of the respiratory system include airways, lungs, and the respiratory muscles.

The respiratory system includes:1. Nose and nasal cavity2. Pharynx3. Larynx4. trachea5. bronchi and their smaller branches6. Lungs that contain the terminal air sacs or

alveoli

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM AND NEW CORONA VIRUS! The new coronavirus can easily infect the

cells of the airways of the human lung and in fact is as adept at doing so as a common cold virus.

the new virus multiplied at a faster rate than the SARS virus did in the human cells.

It does not need a phase of adaptation.

CHEST RADIOGRAPHS OF INDEX PATIENT WITH SARS WHICH IS SIMILAR TO THAT OF PATIENT WITH COV SARS VIRUS.

day 5 day 10

day 13 day 15.

CORONA VIRUSES

WHAT ARE CORONAVIRUSES?

• they are common viruses, first identified in the mid 1960s;that infect not only animals but humans as well.

• This particular strain of coronavirus is distinct from other known coronaviruses and SARS.

• named for the crown-like spikes on their surface.

• usually causes mild to moderate upper-respiratory tract illnesses & even acute respiratory infection presenting as pneumonia.

CORONA VIRUSES ARE CURRENTLY DIVIDED INTO 4 ANTIGENIC GROUPS:(NOTE: RECENTLY OTHER GROUPINGS HAVE BEEN PROPOSED)

Group I coronavirusesTGEV, FIPV, CCV, PRCV, HCoV-229E, RbCoV, FECoVSpike not cleavedM is N-glycosylatedNo HE proteinNo ORF 2

Group II coronaviruses MHV, BCV, HCoV-OC43, HEV, SDAV, SARS-CoVCleaved spikeM is O-glycosylatedHE proteinORF 2 present

Group III coronaviruses (Avian group)IBV, TCoVCleaved SpikeM is N-glycosylatedNo HE proteinNo ORF 2

Group IV coronaviruses (similar to Group II) SARS-CoV

-In group III coronaviruses spike forms the basis for different serotypes

 

What are the diseases that coronaviruses cause in humans?• HCoV-229E• HCoV-OC43• NL63/NL(New Haven

coronavirus)• HKU1-CoV• HCoV-EMC previously known as

Novel coronavirus 2012.

• But the most common disease is the SARS-COV& the most recent disease namely MERS-CoV. Since All cases have had some link to the Middle East

SARS VS. NEW COV- SARS

IS MERS-COV THE SAME AS THE SARS VIRUS?

 No. MERS-CoV is not the same virus that caused severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003

SARS VS CORONA VIRUS

the SARS virus, MERS-CoV is most similar to coronaviruses found in bats

different genetically from SARS, The presence of a new virus is mostly probable to mutation.

it does not transmit as easily as SARS did

we have seen for instance for SARS, there was a phase of adaptation to the human cells, to the receptor. And obviously that is not needed for this new coronavirus."

As previously said that its rate of multiplication is faster than SARS.

 What is MERS?Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) is a

viral respiratory illness. MERS is caused by a coronavirus called “Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus” (MERS-CoV).

What is MERS-CoV? MERS-CoV is a beta coronavirus. It was first

reported in 2012 in Saudi Arabia. MERS-CoV used to be called “novel coronavirus,” or “nCoV”. It is different from other coronaviruses that have been found in people before.

Source of MERS-CoV.

•Most probably originated from bats

. •Intermediate animal host

.

RISK FACTORSThe greater the population the greater risk in public places occurs.

Low immunity due to any kind of disease, infection …

majority of infections

occurred in hospitals

people were there for a

reason

underlying disease may be

required to make people

more vulnerable to infection with

MERS-CoV

• Incubation

Scientists don't know how long the virus sticks around in the body before showing symptoms. the first symptoms of infection showed up within 10 days.

THERE IS VERY LIMITED INFORMATION ON ITS IMPACT, TRANSMISSION AND SEVERITY AT THIS STAGE. First symptoms appear

The first symptoms of the virus include fever and upper respiratory tract infection, and a cough — similar to a flu or cold. Shortness of breath - in the later stage

Sore throat Extreme  fatigue  Diarrhea Headaches Fever Lethargy loss of appetite Myalgia - pain in the muscles Chills

• Multiple organ dysfunction About seven days after getting to the

hospital, your liver enzymes — an indication of the organ's health — will start to rise. Multiple patients suffered kidney failure along with their respiratory symptoms.

• Death  Eventually your body gives in and you die.

The first patient died 11 days after being admitted to the hospital. His death was deemed to be from "progressive respiratory and renal failure."

MERS CASES AND DEATHS, APRIL 2012 - MAY 2013

Countries Cases (Deaths)

France 2 (1)

Jordan 2 (2)

Qatar 2 (0)

Saudi Arabia 38 (21)

Tunisia 2 (0)

United Kingdom (UK) 3 (2)

United Arab Emirates (UAE) 1 (1)

total 50(27)

SuspectCase

Probable Case

Who can get infected?

Confirmed Case

-A person with laboratory

confirmation of infection with

MERS-CoV.

-If residence in or history of travel to the Arabian Peninsula or neighboring countries within 10 days before onset of illness-a person with an acute respiratory infection (e.g. pneumonia or Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome)-If close contact with a probable or confirmed cases within 10 days before onset of illness

Routine tests for acute

pneumonia(bacterial culture,

serology, urinary antigen

testing and tests for influenza viruses.)

Respiratory samples: Lower resp specimens:

sputum, endotracheal

aspirate, bronchoalveolar

lavage. nasopharyngeal

swabs if available

standard infection control precautions must

be used when taking specimens

(_ve p air-handling, gloves,

gowns, eye protection and hand hygiene.)

How do I test for MERS-CoV?

Is there a lab test?Lab tests (polymerase chain reaction or PCR) for MERS-CoV are available at CDC and other international labs. Otherwise, these tests are not routinely available.

Transmission

appears to be "very

limited

Fragile: surviving outside body

only~24 hrs .easily destroyed

by detergents

and cleaning agents

Not very contagiou

s however

Is it contagious?

A possible case or a case with a positive laboratory result

(preliminary or confirmed) for MERS-CoV :Standard, droplet and contact precautions with

additional precautions for aerosol generating procedures

Standard, airborne and contact precautions for patients who are in an

intensive care unit or require aerosol generating procedures on an

ongoing basisNote: If a contact of a case with a positive laboratory

result (preliminary or confirmed) develops a respiratory tract infection;

the above precautions should be applied.

ARE THERE TREATMENTS?

Scientists studying the Human Coronavirus-Erasmus Medical Center, which first appeared April 2012 in the Middle East, have discovered helpful details about its stronghold tactics.

Their findings predict that certain currently available compounds might treat the infection. These could act, not by killing the virus directly, but by keeping lung cells from being forced to create a hospitable environment for the virus to reproduce.

The new virus appears to specifically hamper the work of several genes that enable the body to sense the presence of viruses. The scientists believe such gene re-tuning by the virus could significantly lower the ability of lung cells to mount an appropriate antiviral reaction.

At present no proven treatment exists for human coronavirus EMC. Because the virus succeeds in multiplying by hijacking cellular processes initiated in response to infection, the scientists searched for drugs that might target these cellular responses, and in so doing stop the virus from reproducing.

There are currently no vaccines available to protect you against human coronavirus infection.  You may be able to reduce your risk of infection by—washing your hands often with soap and water, not touching your eyes, nose, or mouth.

AVOIDING CLOSE CONTACT WITH PEOPLE WHO ARE SICK.

People coming in close contact with infected individuals should use a mask and eyewear to cover their nose, eyes, and mouth to prevent transmission from sneezing or coughing.

What should I do if I get sick?

 If you have an illness caused by human coronaviruses, you can help protect others by—staying home while you are sick, avoiding close contact with others, covering your mouth and nose when you cough or sneeze, and keeping objects and surfaces clean and disinfected.

Most people with coronavirus illness will recover on their own. However, some things can be done to relieve your symptoms, such as:otaking pain and fever medications (Caution: Aspirin should not be given to children)ousing a room humidifier or taking a hot shower to help ease a sore throat and cough.

If you are sick, you should —drink plenty of liquids, andstay home and rest..

 

IF YOU ARE CONCERNED ABOUT YOUR SYMPTOMS, YOU SHOULD SEE YOU HEALTHCARE PROVIDER

Done by :

Alyson haidar

Kassem al zien

Hannan haidar

Farah jabak

Hassan al

ghadban

Souleiman mohamma

d

BS 1 nursing

Directed by : DR .Mohamad Fakih Lina –Haj –Hussein (Head of Nursing Department|)