July 2004

Peter Ecclesine, Cisco Systems

Slide 1

doc.: IEEE 802.11-04/697r1

Submission

XG Communications Program Overview

Preston Marshall

DARPA ATO Program Manager

30 June 2004

XG Industry Workshop

July 2004

Peter Ecclesine, Cisco Systems

Slide 2

doc.: IEEE 802.11-04/697r1

Submission

Purpose

• Provide Program Progress & Plans

• Establish Understanding of XG– What We’re Doing

– Where We’ll Be at DARPA’s Completion

• Discuss Features and Technology Maturity Levels Needed for Implementations– Policy Community

– Commercial Radio Community

– Military Radio & Radar Community

July 2004

Peter Ecclesine, Cisco Systems

Slide 3

doc.: IEEE 802.11-04/697r1

Submission

All Spectrum May Be Assigned, But…

…Most Spectrum Is Unused!

XG is Developing the Technology and System Concepts for DoD to Dynamically Access All Available

Spectrum

React

Formulate Best Course of Action

ReactReact

Formulate Best Formulate Best Course of ActionCourse of Action

Adapt

Transition network to new emission plan

AdaptAdapt

Transition Transition network to new network to new emission plan emission plan

Characterize

Rapid waveform determination

CharacterizeCharacterize

Rapid waveform Rapid waveform determinationdetermination

Sense

Real time, Low-power, wideband

monitoring

SenseSense

Real time, LowReal time, Low--power, wideband power, wideband

monitoringmonitoring

AutonomousAutonomousDynamic Dynamic SpectrumSpectrumUtilizationUtilization

DARPA XG Program

Goal: Demonstrate Factor of 10 Increase in Spectrum Access

Maximum Amplitudes

Frequency (MHz)

Am

pli

du

e (

dB

m)

Heavy UseHeavy Use

Sparse UseSparse Use

Heavy UseHeavy Use

Medium UseMedium Use

July 2004

Peter Ecclesine, Cisco Systems

Slide 4

doc.: IEEE 802.11-04/697r1

Submission

XG Program Components

The Primary Product XG Program is The Primary Product XG Program is Not a New Radio, but a , but a Set of Advanced Technologies for Dynamic Spectrum Access for Dynamic Spectrum Access

XG

Pro

du

cts

XG

Pro

du

cts

Temporal, Spectral, Temporal, Spectral, Dimensional, Energy Dimensional, Energy

CharacteristicsCharacteristics

Military & Civil Military & Civil Communications and Communications and Sensor ApplicationsSensor Applications

Transition to Transition to Military Use Military Use

MeasurementsMeasurementsMeasurements Policy-Based ControlsPolicyPolicy--Based ControlsBased Controls

XG BehaviorsXG BehaviorsXG Behaviors

Initial XG ImplementationInitial XG ImplementationInitial XG Implementation

Control of Features, Control of Features, Priorities, Allocations, Priorities, Allocations, Exclusions,…Exclusions,…

July 2004

Peter Ecclesine, Cisco Systems

Slide 5

doc.: IEEE 802.11-04/697r1

Submission

Accomplishments

• Collected RF Environment For Many Scenarios– Data Being Used As Basis For Phase 2 Design Evaluations

• First Version Of Sensor Completed– Provides Needed Capability For Rapid Wideband Sensing– Next Revision To Explore High-Risk/High-Payoff Enhancements

• Three Feasible Designs For Interference Avoidance, Network Operation, And Rendezvous– Nearing Phase 2 Evaluations And Competition For Phase 3

Participation

• Policy Language And Radio Interface Defined– Policy Language RFC v1 Composed And Released– Extensible to Future “Cognitive” Technology

July 2004

Peter Ecclesine, Cisco Systems

Slide 6

doc.: IEEE 802.11-04/697r1

Submission

Sense

Top-Level Functional Architecture

SystemStrategyReasonerRadio

PlatformPolicy

Reasoner

DeviceConfiguration

SystemPolicy

AccreditedPolicy

Transmit

July 2004

Peter Ecclesine, Cisco Systems

Slide 7

doc.: IEEE 802.11-04/697r1

Submission

Top-Level CONOPS

Develop Develop RequestRequest

RF Resource Request

Process Process RequestRequest

Determine Determine

OpportunitiesOpportunities

Select Select

OpportunitiesOpportunitiesRF

Transmit Plan

Bound: Yes/NoUnbound: Binding

Constraints

July 2004

Peter Ecclesine, Cisco Systems

Slide 8

doc.: IEEE 802.11-04/697r1

Submission

SenseSystemStrategyReasonerRadio

PlatformPolicy

Reasoner

DeviceConfiguration

SystemPolicy

AccreditedPolicy

Transmit

Current XG Program Participants

RockwellRockwellCollinsCollins

SSCSSCSSCSSC

July 2004

Peter Ecclesine, Cisco Systems

Slide 9

doc.: IEEE 802.11-04/697r1

Submission

Program Development Plan

FY02 FY03 FY04 FY05 FY06

XG System End-to-End XG System End-to-End Mobile DemoMobile Demo

10X ReusePossible

10X Reuse(Lab)

CDR Final Demo

Policy Language DevelopmentPolicy Language Development

System IntegrationSystem Integration System IntegrationSystem Integration

High Risk TechnologiesHigh Risk Technologies

SensingSensing

Lab Demos

July 2004

Peter Ecclesine, Cisco Systems

Slide 10

doc.: IEEE 802.11-04/697r1

Submission

XG Key Principles• Suitable for Range of Architectural Implementations

– Centralized and decentralized

• Identify “Interference-Preventing” Core Set– Extensible to other features (subleasing, microcharging,...)

• Separate Policies From Engineering– Avoid advocacy for specific sharing policies– XG Being Developed In Advance of Policy Framework

• Provide For Richness/Complexity of Policies– Regulations neither flat nor hierarchical

• Allow For Diversity of Policy Sources– Peer-Peer and hierarchical policy authorities– Enable extension to “cognitive” optimizing logic

Policy “Layer” Flexible for Implementations to Use Without Revisiting for Engineering & Policy Changes

July 2004

Peter Ecclesine, Cisco Systems

Slide 11

doc.: IEEE 802.11-04/697r1

Submission

The XG Problem SpaceHow Do We?

Measure Instantaneous

Spectrum U

sage?

Account for Propagation

Differences?

Policy LanguagePolicy LanguageCommon

Approaches that Must Be Agreed on, and Can be Adopted

Widely

Resolve Inconsiste

nt

Policies?

Infer Ambiguous

Policies?

Protect “Hidden”

Nodes?

Reflect Band-

Specific Policies?

Reflect Nation -

Policies?

Optim

ize System

Performance?

Infe

r Pote

ntial

Inte

rfere

nce?

ImplementationImplementationDesign Specific

Approaches that Can be Implemented in

Many Ways to Develop Unique

Products

Describe Worst-Case Interference?

Abstract Capabilities (Behaviors)

July 2004

Peter Ecclesine, Cisco Systems

Slide 12

doc.: IEEE 802.11-04/697r1

Submission

Levels of Policy Regulation

RegionalRegional

NationalNational NationalNational

Gov’tGov’t Non-Gov’tNon-Gov’t

AgenciesAgencies Commercial & Civil Commercial & Civil OwnersOwners

DoDDoDServicesServices

UnitUnit UnitUnit UserUser UserUser UserUser UserUser UserUser

Interference

Interference

Prevention

Prevention

QOS, Cost

QOS, Cost

Optimization

Optimization

Policy AuthorityPolicy Authority

PolicyPolicy FocusFocus Ontology-Based Policy Controls Enable Combining Ontology-Based Policy Controls Enable Combining

and Processing Rules From Multiple Authoritiesand Processing Rules From Multiple Authorities

July 2004

Peter Ecclesine, Cisco Systems

Slide 13

doc.: IEEE 802.11-04/697r1

Submission

Network-Specific PoliciesNetwork-Specific Policies

RegionalRegional

NationalNational NationalNationalNationalNational NationalNational

Gov’tGov’t NonNon--Gov’tGov’tGov’tGov’t NonNon--Gov’tGov’t

AgenciesAgenciesCommercial & Civil Commercial & Civil

OwnersOwnersDoDDoD

ServicesServicesAgenciesAgencies

Commercial & Civil Commercial & Civil OwnersOwners

DoDDoDServicesServices

UnitUnit UnitUnit UserUser UserUser UserUser UserUser UserUserUnitUnit UnitUnit UserUser UserUser UserUser UserUser UserUser

Interference

InterferencePrevention

Prevention

QOS, Cost

QOS, CostOptimization

Optimization

Interference

InterferencePrevention

Prevention

QOS, Cost

QOS, CostOptimization

Optimization

Policy AuthorityPolicy Authority

PolicyPolicyFocusFocus

Spectrum Regulatory

Spectrum Regulatory

Policies

Policies

Dimensions of Policy Definition

Ra

dio

-Sp

eci

fic

Ra

dio

-Sp

eci

fic

Po

licie

sP

olic

ies

July 2004

Peter Ecclesine, Cisco Systems

Slide 14

doc.: IEEE 802.11-04/697r1

Submission

XG Policy Language

• Need to Express Policies In A Way That The Radio Can Understand– Current regulatory policies are implicit in radio hardware – policy and technology are

coupled and costly to change

– Need to be able to select and update policies in situ• New locations, updated policies, new authorizations, ...

• Web Ontology Language (OWL) Being Used For Developing XG Policy Language– Basis for semantic web technology – W3C recommendation

– Provides structure and richness needed to express policies

– Includes general theorem proving/reasoning engines for deductive inference

– OWL Is NOT Another Programming Language – structured way to build representations of knowledge, facts, and rules/policies for machine understanding

Technology Independent Mathematical Rigor and Logic

July 2004

Peter Ecclesine, Cisco Systems

Slide 15

doc.: IEEE 802.11-04/697r1

Submission

How Technology and Policy Can Maximize Access

1.1. Enhance Policy Flexibility by Enhance Policy Flexibility by Opening Up the EnvelopeOpening Up the Envelope• Accept and Manage More Accept and Manage More

RiskRisk

2.2. Increase Capability to Increase Capability to Dynamically Sense and AdaptDynamically Sense and Adapt• Faster Spectrum Analyzers, Faster Spectrum Analyzers,

More Instantaneous More Instantaneous BandwidthBandwidth

3.3. Develop Radios & Waveform Develop Radios & Waveform Standards that Can Exploit Standards that Can Exploit Sharing PoliciesSharing Policies• Wider Coverage, Better Wider Coverage, Better

Antennas, Adaptive Antennas, Adaptive WaveformsWaveforms

Dim

ens

ion

2D

imen

sio

n 2

Operating Operating AreaArea

Dimension 1Dimension 1

XG Approach XG Approach Allows the Operating Envelope To Autonomously Change Over Time as Policies and Technologies Evolve as Policies and Technologies Evolve Independently

Operating Operating AreaArea

July 2004

Peter Ecclesine, Cisco Systems

Slide 16

doc.: IEEE 802.11-04/697r1

Submission

XG Policy Language Features

• Resolve Multiple Sources Of Policy Without Causing Failure– Allows for Multiple Uncoordinated Sources of Policy

• Approachable Implementation– Growing Community Of DAML/OWL Users, Features and Authoring Tools

• Class Extensible– Maximizes Generality and Reduces Complexity– Everyone Can Extend Policies To Their Needs– Rapid Adoption Of New Policy Concepts And Technologies

• Provable Structure– Set Theory, Logical Reasoning And Theorem Proving

• Host Implementation Independent– All Policies Can Run On Any Compliant Device

Transition from Describing Self-Operation to Defining Effects on Others

July 2004

Peter Ecclesine, Cisco Systems

Slide 17

doc.: IEEE 802.11-04/697r1

Submission

Today’s Charter(After Policy Language Briefing)

• What Are The Credibility Shortfalls (If Any)?

• What Additional Technologies Are Needed (If Any)?

• What Additional Activities Are Needed (If Any)?– Demonstrations of Technology

– Measurements and Analyses

July 2004

Peter Ecclesine, Cisco Systems

Slide 18

doc.: IEEE 802.11-04/697r1

Submission

URLs

• http://www.darpa.mil/ato/programs/XG/index.htm

• http://www.darpa.mil/ato/programs/XG/rfcs.htm

• http://www.daml.org/2004/06/xg/Overview.html  • http://www.w3.org/TR/owl-ref/

• http://www.starlab.vub.ac.be/staff/mustafa/WORM_2004.htm