Nov 2007

Li, SiBEAM

Slide 1

doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/2790r0

Submission

What Is Happening In 60 GHz

Date: 2007-11-12

Name Company Address Phone email Sheung Li SiBEAM sli@sibeam.com

Authors:

Nov 2007

Li, SiBEAM

Slide 2

doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/2790r0

Submission

Abstract

A recitation of how research, legislative, and physical activities have led to the current interest in 60 GHz standards and technology

Nov 2007

Li, SiBEAM

Slide 3

doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/2790r0

Submission

Why Is There So Much 60 GHz Activity Outside of 802.11?

• 802.15 TG3c

• COMPA

• Ecma

• NGmS

• WirelessHD

Nov 2007

Li, SiBEAM

Slide 4

doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/2790r0

Submission

Path Loss Is Greater at Higher Frequencies

Frequency (GHz)3 5 8 10 20 30 50 80 100 200

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

Concrete Block Painted 2X6 Board

Clay Brick

3/4" Plywood

3/4" Pine Board

Wet Paper Towel

GlassDrywall

Asphalt Shingle

To

tal O

ne W

ay A

tten

uati

on

(d

B)

Kevlar SheetPolyethylenePaper Towel (Dry)Fiberglass Insul.

Ma

teria

ls A

tte

nu

atio

n (

dB

)

Nov 2007

Li, SiBEAM

Slide 5

doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/2790r0

Submission

60 GHz Is Particularly Bad Because Is Oxygen Absorptive

Nov 2007

Li, SiBEAM

Slide 6

doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/2790r0

Submission

MMCWG Saw 60 GHz As Reflective

• An industry consortium known as the Millimeter Wave Communications Working Group saw 60 GHz as Biologically (Water) Reflective.– Apple Computer

– Cutler Hammer

– Hewlett-Packard

– Hughes

– Metricom

– Motorola

– Rockwell Int’l

– Sun Microsystems

Nov 2007

Li, SiBEAM

Slide 7

doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/2790r0

Submission

Early 60 GHz Work Led To Current Spectrum Allocations

60 GHz

TransmitStrength(EIRP W)

100

10

1

0.01

Signal Bandwidth (MHz)

0.1

10 100 1000

802.11

UWB

Nov 2007

Li, SiBEAM

Slide 8

doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/2790r0

Submission

Shannon’s Law Made 60 GHz Spectrum Interesting

• Bandwidth: Gbps throughput possible with simpler radios – Few bps/Hz

• Capacity: Spectrum supports over 25 Gbps using QPSK

• S/N: Implementation difficulties with UWB alleviated by availability of over 1000x more power on license-exempt basis

Nov 2007

Li, SiBEAM

Slide 9

doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/2790r0

Submission

Reflective Thinking Instead of Refractive Thinking about 60 GHz

Energy Doesn’t Disappear:

High Attenuationmeans

High Reflections

O2 Absorptionis

1dB per 100m

Frequency (GHz)3 5 8 10 20 30 50 80 100 200

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

Concrete Block Painted 2X6 Board

Clay Brick

3/4" Plywood

3/4" Pine Board

Wet Paper Towel

GlassDrywall

Asphalt Shingle

To

tal O

ne W

ay A

tten

uati

on

(d

B)

Kevlar SheetPolyethylenePaper Towel (Dry)Fiberglass Insul.

Mat

eria

ls R

efle

ctiv

ity

Nov 2007

Li, SiBEAM

Slide 10

doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/2790r0

Submission

Finding The Right 60 GHz Reflection Has Its Benefits

Wall Composed ofMixed Material

• 2 sheet drywall• High gloss paint• 2x4 boards• PVC piping• Misc. electrical

Calculated wall loss from absorption tables was

22-37 dB total

Omni wall loss was actually 16 dB

Beamsteered wall loss thru best path was only 5 dB

A

A

B

A

B

TX

RX

Nov 2007

Li, SiBEAM

Slide 11

doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/2790r0

Submission

Rebalancing The Thinking About Link Budgets at Higher Frequency

2.4 GHz: 18dBm + 2dBi = 20dBm

60 GHz: 10dBm + 30dBi = 40dBm

Active(PA)

Passive(Antenna)

Nov 2007

Li, SiBEAM

Slide 12

doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/2790r0

Submission

Advancements in Antenna, Beamforming, and Advancements in Antenna, Beamforming, and Beamsteering Enable These GainsBeamsteering Enable These Gains

2t

t

A4G

• Possible at 60 GHz, because with constant antenna area, max received Possible at 60 GHz, because with constant antenna area, max received power increases as the frequency squaredpower increases as the frequency squared

• 20dBi with single element directional to over 30dBi with multiple 20dBi with single element directional to over 30dBi with multiple element non-directional designs element non-directional designs

Nov 2007

Li, SiBEAM

Slide 13

doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/2790r0

Submission

Leading to Interesting Potential for 60 GHz Applications

Nov 2007

Li, SiBEAM

Slide 14

doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/2790r0

Submission

• New designs using standard chip processes offer enormous cost reduction vs. traditional high frequency designs

• Each new process generation also scaling both digital AND analog/mixed-signal designs

X Digital CMOScan now support

60 GHz

All of The Preceding in CMOS or SiGe

Nov 2007

Li, SiBEAM

Slide 15

doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/2790r0

Submission

What is Happening in 60 GHz

• Researchers are thinking differently about radio designs

• Effectively using reflectivity for in-room (to overcome directivity) and multi-room (to reduce path loss) designs

• Emphasizing algorithmic and antenna designs over amplification

• Exploiting lots of spectrum with high power limits and few incumbents

Nov 2007

Li, SiBEAM

Slide 16

doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/2790r0

Submission

Items to Consider

• Should 60 GHz be usable under an 802.11 architecture?

• What time frame is relevant?– TGn PAR (2003) TGn Publication (2008)

– VHT PAR (2008) VHT Publication (2013?)

• The following excerpts from earlier 802.11 submissions– “A Bluetooth pico-cell colocated with an 802.11 station

will degrade its throughput by a factor of 10”

– “(5 GHz) will be limited to single room applications”

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Mar 2008