doc.: IEEE 802.11-10/0242r0 Submission February 2010 John A. Stine, Self Slide 1 SCR Synchronization Date: 2010-02-25 N am e A ffiliations A ddress Phone em ail John A . Stine Self 9322 Eagle Court M anassasPark, V A 703-983-6281 jstine@ mitre.org Authors: John Stine is employed by The MITRE Corporation but represents himself in this presentation. The MITRE Corporation is a not for profit company and has no economic interest in the outcome of the 802 standards process. The author's affiliation with The MITRE Corporation is provided for identification purposes only, and is not intended to convey or imply MITRE's concurrence with, or support for, the positions, opinions or viewpoints expressed by the author. MITRE Public Release #10-0513
Transcript
doc.: IEEE 802.11-10/0242r0
Submission
February 2010
John A. Stine, SelfSlide 1
SCR Synchronization
Date: 2010-02-25
Name Affiliations Address Phone email
John A. Stine Self 9322 Eagle Court Manassas Park, VA
John Stine is employed by The MITRE Corporation but represents himself in this presentation. The MITRE Corporation is a not for profit company and has no economic interest in the outcome of the 802 standards process. The author's affiliation with The MITRE Corporation is provided for identification purposes only, and is not intended to convey or imply MITRE's concurrence with, or support for, the positions, opinions or viewpoints expressed by the author.MITRE Public Release #10-0513
doc.: IEEE 802.11-10/0242r0
Submission
Abstract
• The Synchronous Collision Resolution (SCR) protocol provides special mechanisms to enable directional communications, QoS, energy conservation, and channel management that depend on network synchronization
• This presentation identifies simple mechanisms to synchronize networks using SCR– Synchronization to a reference (e.g. an access point)
– Selection of a synchronization reference
– Synchronization transfer
– Synchronization among references
John A. Stine, SelfSlide 2
February 2010
doc.: IEEE 802.11-10/0242r0
Submission
The Larger Story
Designing for Coexistence Design by rules coexistence Arbitrating the use of space, time, and frequency
Contention Mechanisms for Quality of Service and Energy Conservation
Differentiated servicesBandwidth reservation for streamingMultiple dozing modes (default, opportunistic, coordinated)
Design & Performance Assessment
Signaling and contention designFramework and epoch designPerformance and efficiency
Synchronization Mechanisms
Signaling and framing for synchronizationSynchronization functionsSynchronization algorithms
Slide 3 John A. Stine, Self
February 2010
doc.: IEEE 802.11-10/0242r0
Submission
REVIEW
Slide 4
February 2010
John A. Stine, Self
doc.: IEEE 802.11-10/0242r0
Submission
Characteristics of Synchronous Collision Resolution
• Time slotted channels with common time boundaries
• Nodes with packets to send contend in every slot
• Signaling is used to arbitrate contention
• Signaling resolves time, space, and frequencyA paradigm not
a specific design
CR Signaling
Transmission Slot
…
John A. Stine, SelfSlide 5
February 2010
Common Multiple technologies can coexist here
doc.: IEEE 802.11-10/0242r0
Submission
Proposed Signaling and Epoch Design • Designed to support
– Directional access– Prioritized access
February 2010
John A. Stine, SelfSlide 6
1 2 3 4 m-1 m… 1 2 3 4 m-1 m… 1 2 …
CBR Epoch CBR Epoch
CR Signaling
Transmission Slot
Pri
ori
ty/Q
oS
Bro
adca
stCB
R
Priority Phases
…C C CE E EC E C E C E
1 2 n…
Contention Phases
– Reservations for streams– Channelization
Packet Transmissions
– Energy conservation– Coexistence
doc.: IEEE 802.11-10/0242r0
Submission
Division of MAC Functionality
• SCR puts as much functionality as possible into signaling
• Signaling should be independent of messaging so that it can be the foundation of coexistence
• The signals used should be the most effective at propagating and being detected by a plurality of technologies
February 2010
John A. Stine, SelfSlide 7
Messaging
Signaling
Involves the exchange of management
frames
Involves the transmission and detection of RF energy
doc.: IEEE 802.11-10/0242r0
Submission
Assumptions
• All stations know– The number of transmission
slots per epoch
– The duration of transmission slots
– The signaling design
– Any specialized signaling sequences
February 2010
John A. Stine, SelfSlide 8
Synchronization will involve specialized signaling sequences
1 2 3 4 m-1 m… 1 2 3 4 m-1 m… 1 2 …
CBR Epoch CBR Epoch
CR Signaling
Transmission Slot
Prio
rity/
QoS
Bro
adca
st
CB
R
Priority Phases
…C C CE E EC E C E C E
1 2 n…
Contention Phases
Packet Transmissions
doc.: IEEE 802.11-10/0242r0
Submission
Concept of Operations
• Access points establish networks
• Subscriber stations– Search and find access points
– Point their antennas toward the access point
– Associate with the access point
February 2010
John A. Stine, SelfSlide 9
Access Points are good time
references
4.5 m
3.0 m
door
window
STA 1
STA 2
STA 3
STA 4
STA 5
STA 6
STA 7
STA 8
AP (in ceiling)
x
y
00
1.0 m
1.0
m
1.0
m
25 meter
25 m
ete
r
2.5 m
1.8 m
x
y
0
0
AP in ceiling
STA1 STA2
STA3
Cubicle 1 Cubicle 2
Cubicle 3 Cubicle 4
Cubicle 5 Cubicle 6
Cubicle 7 Cubicle 8
Reference point
doc.: IEEE 802.11-10/0242r0
Submission
Concept of Operations
• Subscriber stations (The TV and the projector)– Are set to receive inputs from a known channel
– Search for and synchronize to those stations
– Search process also supports antenna pointing
February 2010
John A. Stine, SelfSlide 10
7 m
7 m
TV
STB
4.5 m
3.0 m
door
window
STA 1
STA 2
STA 3
STA 4
STA 5
STA 6
STA 7
STA 8
AP (in ceiling)
x
y
00
doc.: IEEE 802.11-10/0242r0
Submission
SYNCNRONIZATION
Slide 11
February 2010
John A. Stine, Self
doc.: IEEE 802.11-10/0242r0
Submission
Goals of Synchronization
• The purpose of synchronization is to make the slots in which signaling occurs unambiguous
• Stations are synchronized when their transmission slots align to within x sec and are in the same epoch and synchronization epoch (x = 1 in our design)
February 2010
John A. Stine, SelfSlide 12
C C CE E EC E C E C E
C C CE E EC E C E C E
C C CE E EC E C E C E
C C CE E EC E C E C E
1 2 3 4 m-1 m 1 2
CBR Epoch
1 2 3 4 m-1 m 1 2
CBR Epoch
S
S
Synchronization Epoch
doc.: IEEE 802.11-10/0242r0
Submission Slide 13
February 2010
John A. Stine, Self
1 2 3 4 m-1 m 1 2
CBR Epoch
1 2 3 4 m-1 m 1 2
CBR EpochSignaling will be used to align epochs
(Will in effect align seconds)
Messaging must be used for time of day
synchronization (Aligns to which second of the
day)
doc.: IEEE 802.11-10/0242r0
Submission
Goals of Synchronization - 2
• Different synchronization tasks– Synchronization to a reference (e.g. an access point)
– Synchronization transfer
– Synchronization among references
February 2010
John A. Stine, SelfSlide 14
doc.: IEEE 802.11-10/0242r0
Submission
Starting Assumptions
• Stations can synchronize to the leading edge of received signals
• Stations will synchronize to a network before participating in contentions
• Our signaling design will provide a set of signals that – Uniquely identifies a reference
– Enables stations to synchronize to the reference
– Avoids the need to send any packets
February 2010
John A. Stine, SelfSlide 15
doc.: IEEE 802.11-10/0242r0
Submission
Main Assumption
• Criteria– Propagation of signals is likely less than 30 meters so p 100 ns
– If stations can synchronize to rs 900 ns of the leading edge of a received signal then our signal design will work
February 2010
John A. Stine, SelfSlide 16
sy
p rs
tS
doc.: IEEE 802.11-10/0242r0
Submission
SIGNALING FOR SYNCRHONIZATION
Slide 17
February 2010
John A. Stine, Self
doc.: IEEE 802.11-10/0242r0
Submission
Additions to the Epoch Design to Support Synchronization
• The first y transmission slots (y 2) of every epoch are set aside to support synchronization – Do not allow reservations in these slots
– The first slot is used to send signals that enable synchronization
– The additional slots are used to shift epochs
– The technique also prevents contention starvation
February 2010
John A. Stine, SelfSlide 18
1 y y+1 m-1 m… 1 …
CBR Epoch
…
No reservations allowed. All slots require contention
No restrictions on slot use
doc.: IEEE 802.11-10/0242r0
Submission
Additions to the Epoch Design to Support Synchronization - 2
• Enable a special signaling design in the first slot to support synchronization activities– Unique signals for different types of references
February 2010
John A. Stine, SelfSlide 19
1 y y+1 m-1 m… 1 …
CBR Epoch
…
Sync Signaling
Transmission Slot
Special rules and signaling to support distinguishing synchronization signaling
Stations sending the synchronization signals may also send management
frames or packets
doc.: IEEE 802.11-10/0242r0
Submission
Additions to the Epoch Design to Support Synchronization - 3
• Establish an epoch cycle for periodic transmission of synchronization reference signaling – Provide a unique reference signaling sequence which stations search for and synchronize to– These would be sent in the first transmission slot of an epoch repeated every w epochs (Select w to match desired time interval, e.g. quarter second)– All stations must hear and be synchronized to the synchronization reference signal to participate in the contentions within the following synchronization
epoch
February 2010
John A. Stine, SelfSlide 20
1 2 3 4 m-1 m… 1 2 3 4 m-1 m… 1 2 …
CBR Epoch CBR Epoch
Synchronization Epoch
CBR Epoch
1
Transmission slot used for sending the reference synchronization signal
ww-1 2 3 4 5 6 7w-2w-3w-4w-5w-6w-7
doc.: IEEE 802.11-10/0242r0
Submission
Distinguishing Synchronization Signals
• Use different signals for synchronization to make it easier to discern synchronization signals from generic contentions and to differentiate contention signals from echoes (i.e. E from C)
• Possible variations of simple signals– Tones (vary by frequency and duration)
– Chirps (vary by frequency, duration, and slope of frequency rise)
February 2010
John A. Stine, SelfSlide 21
0 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008
1
0
11.2
1.2
sq3 t 0.004 0.006 3000( )
0.010 t
0 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008
1
0
11.2
1.2
sq3 t 0.004 0.006 5000( )
0.010 t
0 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008
1
0
11.2
1.2
sq3 t 0.004 0.007 3000( )
0.010 t
0 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008
1
0
11.2
1.2
sq3 t 0.004 0.006 3000( )
0.010 t
0 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008
1
0
11.2
1.2
sq4 t 0.004 0.008 100 4000( )
0.010 t
0 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008
1
0
11.2
1.2
sq4 t 0.004 0.008 100 10000( )
0.010 t
0 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008
1
0
11.2
1.2
sq4 t 0.004 0.008 100 4000( )
0.010 t
00.0020.0040.0060.008
1
0
1 1.2
1.2
sq4t0.004 0.008 100 4000 ()
0.01 0t
doc.: IEEE 802.11-10/0242r0
Submission
Types of References• Designated reference
– A station configured to be a reference
• Ad hoc reference– A station that cannot detect a neighboring
reference and elects itself as the reference
• Device reference– A station that has output for a device on
the network– Used to support direct transfer
• Arbitrating reference– A station seeing two designated or ad hoc
references that assists in synchronizing one to the other
February 2010
John A. Stine, SelfSlide 22
4.5 m
3.0 m
door
window
STA 1
STA 2
STA 3
STA 4
STA 5
STA 6
STA 7
STA 8
AP (in ceiling)
doc.: IEEE 802.11-10/0242r0
Submission
Rules for Contentions in the First Transmission Slots of Epochs - 1
• Regular contentions do not use the CBR priority phase
• Signals in the priority phase are used to indicate a synchronization signal and the type of reference
February 2010
John A. Stine, SelfSlide 23
Priority Phases
…C C CE E EC E C E C E
1 2 n…
Contention Phases
Reserved for synchronization use
C E C E C E
Sync Indicator
Type of Reference
doc.: IEEE 802.11-10/0242r0
Submission
Rules for Contentions in the First Transmission Slots of Epochs - 2
• Signaling rules provide precedence of references
• Follow-on signaling varies by reference type
February 2010
John A. Stine, SelfSlide 24
C E C E C E
Sync Indicator
Type of Reference
00 – A stations between two references assisting their time shift01 – A station that will send an identifier signal for a device to find and to synchronize to10 – A station that takes on the role of an ad hoc references in the absence of a reference11 – A station that is configured to be a designated reference 1 = signal, 0 = don’t signal
C CE EC E C E C E C E C E C E
Designates type of reference
Guidance from the reference(varies by type of reference)
doc.: IEEE 802.11-10/0242r0
Submission
Designated and Ad Hoc Reference Signals
• Current quarter second counts the quarter second (00 is the second boundary)• References (Types 11 and 10) indicate the quality of their signal
– Quality of reference follows when not directing a shift ( Shift signal = 0)
– Quality indicator• 00 – Internal clock only• 01 – Synchronized to multiple peer references• 10 – Neighbor to a reliable reference
• 11 – Reliable reference at this station (e.g. GPS)
February 2010
John A. Stine, SelfSlide 25
C CE EC E C E C E C E C E C E
Sync Reference Identifier
Type of Reference
Shift Type of Shift or Reference
Quality
Current Quarter Second
Designates type of reference
Guidance from the reference(varies by type of reference)
doc.: IEEE 802.11-10/0242r0
Submission
Designated and Ad Hoc Reference Signals - 2
• References (Types 11 and 10) can adjust the epoch timing– Shift signal sent to indicate a cooperative adjustment will be made
– After shift signal, type of shift indicates shift• 00 – Transmission slot 2 will be skipped this epoch
• 01 – Transmission slot 2 will be skipped every other epoch
• 10 – Transmission slot 2 will be skipped every epoch
• 11 – Epoch 2 will be skipped this synchronization epoch
February 2010
John A. Stine, SelfSlide 26
C CE EC E C E C E C E C E C E
Sync Reference Identifier
Type of Reference
Shift Type of Shift or Reference
Quality
Current Quarter Second
Designates type of reference
Guidance from the reference(varies by type of reference)
doc.: IEEE 802.11-10/0242r0
Submission
Device Reference Signals
• Additional slots used to send a device ID
• Echoing of device IDs is not necessary so there are a possible 210 = 1024 possible IDs
• Sent in the first transmission slot of an epoch but not the first epoch of a synchronization epoch
February 2010
John A. Stine, SelfSlide 27
C CC E C E C E C C C
Sync Reference Identifier
Type of Reference
Device ID
Designates type of reference
Guidance from the reference(varies by type of reference)
C C C C C
doc.: IEEE 802.11-10/0242r0
Submission
Arbitrating Reference Signals
• Arbitrating references direct designated and ad hoc references to adjust (Applicability assumed since guidance is synchronized)
– Shift size as large as 28 = 256 units (27 signed shifts for tenths of microseconds)
February 2010
John A. Stine, SelfSlide 28
C CC E C E C E C C C
Sync Reference Identifier
Type of Reference
Shift Type
Designates type of reference
Guidance from the reference(varies by type of reference)
Shift Size
C C C C C
doc.: IEEE 802.11-10/0242r0
Submission
Rules for Contentions in the First Transmission Slots of Epochs - 3
• Designated and Ad Hoc References send their signals in the first transmission slot of the first epoch of a synchronization epoch
• Device and arbitrating references may send their signals in the first transmission slot of any epoch but not the first epoch of a synchronization epoch
• First transmission slots not used by timing references may be used for non-CBR contentions
February 2010
John A. Stine, SelfSlide 29
Synchronization Epoch 1ww-1 2 3 4 5 6 7
w-2w-3w-4w-5w-6w-7
In any but #1
doc.: IEEE 802.11-10/0242r0
Submission
Summary of Signaling for Synchronization
Slide 30
February 2010
John A. Stine, Self
C CE EC E C E C E C E C E C E
Sync Reference Identifier
Type of Reference
Shift Type of Shift or Reference
Quality
Current Quarter Second
Designates type of reference
Guidance from the reference(varies by type of reference)
Designated and Ad Hoc Reference
Arbitrating Reference
Device Reference
Type of Reference00 – A stations between two references assisting their time shift01 – A station that is the source to a device 10 – A station that takes on the role of an ad hoc 11 – A station that is configured to be a designated reference
Type of Shift00 – Transmission slot 2 will be skipped this epoch 01 – Transmission slot 2 will be skipped every other epoch10 – Transmission slot 2 will be skipped every epoch 11 – Epoch 2 will be skipped this synchronization epoch
Reference Quality00 – Internal clock only01 – Synchronized to multiple peer references10 – Neighbor to a reliable reference11 – Reliable reference at this station (e.g. GPS)
Shift Size: 28 possible shifts, (27 signed shifts for microseconds)
Device ID: 210 possible IDs
C CC E C E C E C C C
Sync Reference Identifier
Type of Reference
Shift Type Shift Size
C C C C C
C CC E C E C E C C C
Sync Reference Identifier
Type of Reference
Device ID
C C C C C
doc.: IEEE 802.11-10/0242r0
Submission
PROTOCOL RULES FOR SYNCRHONIZATION
Slide 31
February 2010
John A. Stine, Self
doc.: IEEE 802.11-10/0242r0
Submission
Network Participation
• A station may participate in a network if it is a reference or is synchronized to a reference– A station may only contend if it has synchronized itself to a
reference station or participated in a contention in the current synchronization epoch
– A station exiting a low energy state must synchronize itself to a reference signal prior to participating in the network
– A station that does not hear a reference for r epochs must execute the procedure for network entry and reference selection
• All stations should be either a reference or a direct one-hop neighbor to a reference
February 2010
John A. Stine, SelfSlide 32
doc.: IEEE 802.11-10/0242r0
Submission
Network Entry and Reference Selection
• Begin searching for a synchronization reference
• If multiple references are found, synchronize to the best reference
• If this station is a designated reference– After finding the best reference (it could be the station itself if it has
access to GPS) synchronize to that reference• If neighboring references conflict first serve as an arbitrating reference until
neighboring references are synchronized• Begin serving as a reference in the same slots as the best reference
– If no reference is found, begin serving as a reference
• If this station is not a designated reference and no reference is found, follow ad hoc reference procedures
February 2010
John A. Stine, SelfSlide 33
doc.: IEEE 802.11-10/0242r0
Submission
Selecting the Best Synchronization Reference
• Given a choice of references a station will prefer references by the following criteria– A reference from which the station can receive packets
– The reference with the highest quality in the order• Reliable reference at the reference station (e.g. GPS)• Neighbor to a reliable reference
• Synchronized to multiple peer references
• Internal clock only
– The reference more advanced in time
February 2010
John A. Stine, SelfSlide 34
doc.: IEEE 802.11-10/0242r0
Submission
Ad Hoc Reference Selection
• After a station fails to find a neighboring designated or ad hoc reference initiate process to become an ad hoc reference– Randomly select a time within the window of x seconds to become a
reference– While waiting to become a reference continue to search for a reference
and if found end this process and synchronize to that reference– If no reference is found in the wait
• If within two hops of a reference synchronize to the best two hop reference (Used to support mesh or ad hoc networking)
• Start sending an ad hoc reference signal
• Execute the ad hoc reference maintenance procedure
February 2010
John A. Stine, SelfSlide 35
doc.: IEEE 802.11-10/0242r0
Submission
Ad Hoc Reference Maintenance
• In all reference signaling listen to the reference signals and echoes when this ad hoc reference is silent
– Listen in the reference type signaling field and resign as an ad hoc reference if a neighboring station is a designated reference
– Listen in the quality field and resign as an ad hoc reference of a neighboring station is a better quality reference
– Listen in the quarter second field and resign as an ad hoc reference if a neighboring station is 1 or 2 quarter seconds ahead
• On a periodic basis refrain from signaling in the guidance fields– Listen during the guidance fields and resign as an ad hoc reference if a
neighboring station is a reference
February 2010
John A. Stine, SelfSlide 36
C CE EC E C E C E C E C E C E
Sync Reference Identifier
Type of Reference
Shift Type of Shift or Reference
Quality
Current Quarter Second
Designates type of reference
Guidance from the reference(varies by type of reference)
doc.: IEEE 802.11-10/0242r0
Submission
Reference Directed Time Adjustments
• When a reference station receives guidance to adjust its timing it determines a shifting plan to come into alignment (Done so as not to disrupt ongoing streaming traffic)– It shifts largest increments first, whole quarter
seconds by changing the quarter second count and then shifts within synchronization epochs by:
• Skipping Epoch 2
• Skipping transmission slot 2 every epoch
• Skipping transmission slot 2 every other epoch
• Skipping transmission slot 2 the first epoch
– Repeated as necessary
– Ultimately puts the new quarter second mark within the first slot of the synchronization epoch
– Starts next reference signal on the mark
February 2010
John A. Stine, SelfSlide 37
C CE EC E C E C E C E C E C E
Sync Reference Identifier
Type of Reference
Shift Type of Shift or Reference
Quality
Current Quarter Second
Designates type of reference
Guidance from the reference(varies by type of reference)
1 2 3 4 m-1 m… 1 …
CBR Epoch
Synchronization Epoch
CBR Epoch
1ww-1 2 3 4 5 6 7w-2w-3w-4w-5w-6w-7
Attempt to place the quarter second mark in the first slot of the first epoch of the synchronization epoch
doc.: IEEE 802.11-10/0242r0
Submission
Arbitrating Synchronization of References• Stations that are neighbors of multiple
references may assist in synchronizing them
• Algorithm– Select the best reference and determine the
adjustment that other references must achieve
– Synchronize to a reference needing adjustment
– Randomly select an epoch in the synchronization epoch (x 1 < x w) and send the reference adjustment signal in its first transmission slot
• Send the adjustment signal
– Wait for the adjustment to be made and repeat the process as necessary
February 2010
John A. Stine, SelfSlide 38
C CC E C E C E C C C
Sync Reference Identifier
Type of Reference
Shift Type
Designates type of reference
Guidance from the reference(varies by type of reference)
Reference Signaling for a Device • Three scenarios
An isolated station that is the source of a stream to a device
– A station that is associated with a networkA networked device (e.g. a projector)A dedicated device (e.g. a disk drive)
• All device ID signals sent in a first transmission slot in an epoch after thefirst in a synchronization epoch
• In the first scenario the source is told the device ID and then it operates on its own clock and periodically sends the synchronization reference signal with the device ID
• In the other scenarios the source first synchronizes to the network and then starts sending the device reference signal– The second scenario may be preceded by coordination through the network
February 2010
John A. Stine, SelfSlide 39
7 m
7 m
TV
STB
C CC E C E C E C C C
Sync Reference Identifier
Type of Reference
Device ID
Designates type of reference
Guidance from the reference(varies by type of reference)
C C C C C
1.0 m
1.0
m
1.0
m
25 meter
25 m
ete
r
2.5 m
1.8 m
x
y
0
0
AP in ceiling
STA1 STA2
STA3
Cubicle 1 Cubicle 2
Cubicle 3 Cubicle 4
Cubicle 5 Cubicle 6
Cubicle 7 Cubicle 8
Reference point
4.5 m
3.0 m
door
window
STA 1
STA 2
STA 3
STA 4
STA 5
STA 6
STA 7
STA 8
AP (in ceiling)
x
y
00
doc.: IEEE 802.11-10/0242r0
Submission
USING THE SYNCHRONIZATION MECHANISMS TO CONSERVE ENERGY
Slide 40
February 2010
John A. Stine, Self
doc.: IEEE 802.11-10/0242r0
Submission
Opportunistic Periodic Dozing
Slide 41
February 2010
John A. Stine, Self
1 2 3 4 m-1 m… 1 2 3 4 m-1 m… 1 2 …
CBR Epoch CBR Epoch
Synchronization Epoch
CBR Epoch
1
Inactivity indicates a low load so doze
w 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Sync Signaling
Transmission Slot
Doze until the last transmission slot of epoch w of the synchronization
epoch, wakeup and wait for the synchronization signal
Start dozing as soon as possible
Duty cycles much less than 1% are possible
doc.: IEEE 802.11-10/0242r0
Submission
Conclusion
• Synchronization is necessary for signaling to work
• A signaling and framing design and accompanying algorithms are provided for synchronization
• Signaling can be used– To provide a synchronization reference
– To synchronize references
– To assist direct connectivity between devices and source stations
• Synchronization can be achieved without messaging
• The proposed synchronization design also supports very effective energy conservation
John A. Stine, SelfSlide 42
February 2010
doc.: IEEE 802.11-10/0242r0
Submission
References
Designing for Coexistence Design by rules coexistence Arbitrating the use of space, time, and frequency
Contention Mechanisms for Quality of Service and Energy Conservation
Differentiated servicesBandwidth reservation for streamingMultiple dozing modes (default, opportunistic, coordinated)
Design & Performance Assessment
Signaling and contention designFramework and epoch designPerformance and efficiency
Synchronization Mechanisms
Signaling and framing for synchronizationSynchronization functionsSynchronization algorithms
Slide 43 John A. Stine, Self
February 2010
doc.: IEEE 802.11-10/0242r0
Submission
References• J. A. Stine, “Exploiting processing gain in wireless ad hoc networks using synchronous collision
resolution medium access control schemes,” Proc. IEEE WCNC, Mar 2005. • J.A. Stine, “Cooperative contention-based MAC protocols and smart antennas in Mobile Ad Hoc
Networks,” Chapter 8 in Distributed Antenna Systems: Open Architecture for Future Wireless Communications, Auerbach Publications, Editors H. Hu, Y. Zhang, and J. Luo. 2007.
• K. H. Grace, J. A. Stine, R. C. Durst, “An approach for modestly directional communications in mobile ad hoc networks,” Telecommunications Systems J., March/April 2005, pp. 281 – 296.
• J. A. Stine, “Modeling smart antennas in synchronous ad hoc networks using OPNET’s pipeline stages,” Proc. OPNETWORK, 2005.
• J. A. Stine, “Exploiting smart antennas in wireless mesh networks,” IEEE Wireless Comm Mag. Apr 2006.• J. M. Peha, “Sharing Spectrum through Spectrum Policy Reform and Cognitive Radio,” TBP Proc. of the
IEEE, 2009.• J. A. Stine, “Enabling secondary spectrum markets using ad hoc and mesh networking protocols,”
Academy Publisher J. of Commun., Vol. 1, No. 1, April 2006, pp. 26 - 37.• J. Stine, G. de Veciana, K. Grace, and R. Durst, “Orchestrating spatial reuse in wireless ad hoc networks
using Synchronous Collision Resolution,” J. of Interconnection Networks, Vol. 3 No. 3 & 4, Sep. and Dec. 2002, pp. 167 – 195.
• J.A. Stine and G. de Veciana, “A paradigm for quality of service in wireless ad hoc networks using synchronous signaling and node states,” IEEE J. Selected Areas of Communications, Sep 2004.
• J. A. Stine and G. de Veciana, “A comprehensive energy conservation solution for mobile ad hoc networks,” IEEE Int. Communication Conf., 2002, pp. 3341 - 3345.
• K. Grace, “”SUMA – The synchronous unscheduled multiple access protocol for mobile ad hoc networks,” IEEE ICCCN, 2002.
