v

Plant species list ........................................................................................................................................................

Post-treatment maps of individual treatment units showing openings..................................

Ecological descriptions of Date Creek site units...................................................................................

Maps of treatment units showing site series distribution...............................................................

.......................................................................................................................................................................

CONTENTS

APPENDIX 1 Plant species list

Scientific Name Common Name

TreesAbies amabilis amabilis firAbies lasiocarpa subalpine firBetula papyrifera paper birchPicea glauca x sitchensis x engelmannii hybrid white sprucePicea mariana black sprucePinus contorta lodgepole pinePopulus tremuloides trembling aspenPopulus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa black cottonwoodThuja plicata western redcedarTsuga heterophylla western hemlock

ShrubsAcer glabrum Douglas mapleAlnus incana ssp. tenuifolia mountain alderAlnus viridis ssp. sinuata Sitka alderAmelanchier alnifolia saskatoon berryBetula glandulosa scrub birchCornus sericea red-osier dogwoodCorylus cornuta beaked hazelnutLedum groenlandicum Labrador teaLonicera involucrata black twinberryMenziesia ferruginea false azaleaOplopanax horridus devil’s clubRibes lacustre black gooseberryRibes laxiflorum trailing black currantRosa acicularis prickly roseRubus idaeus red raspberryRubus parviflorus thimbleberrySalix spp. willowSambucus racemosa red elderberrySorbus scopulina western mountain ashSpiraea betulifolia birch-leaved spireaSpiraea douglasii hardhackVaccinium alaskaense Alaskan blueberryVaccinium membranaceum black huckleberryVaccinium ovalifolium oval-leaved blueberryViburnum edule highbush-cranberry

Herbs and Dwarf ShrubsActaea rubra baneberryAndromeda polifolia bog-rosemaryAngelica genuflexa kneeling angelicaAquilegia formosa red columbineAralia nudicaulis wild sarsaparillaArenaria sp. sandwort

APPENDIX 1 Continued

Arnica cordifolia heart-leaved arnicaAster borealis rush asterAster ciliolatus fringed asterAthyrium filix-femina lady fernBotrychium virginianum rattlesnake fernBromus sp. bromeCalamagrostis canadensis bluejointCardamine sp. bitter-cressCarex diandra lesser panicled sedgeCarex disperma soft-leaved sedgeCarex interior inland sedgeCarex leptalea bristle-stalked sedgeCarex limosa shore sedgeCarex pauciflora few-flowered sedgeCarex rostrata beaked sedgeCarex sitchensis Sitka sedgeCarex vesicaria inflated sedgeChimaphila umbellata prince’s pineCinna latifolia nodding wood-reedCircaea alpina enchanter’s nightshadeClintonia uniflora queen’s cupCorallorhiza maculata spotted coralrootCornus canadensis bunchberryDrosera anglica long-leaved sundewDrosera rotundifolia round-leaved sundewDryopteris assimilis spiny wood fernElymus glaucus blue wildryeEpilobium angustifolium fireweedEpilobium palustre swamp willowherbEquisetum arvense common horsetailEquisetum hyemale scouring-rushEquisetum sylvaticum wood horsetailEriophorum angustifolium narrow-leaved cotton-grassGalium boreale northern bedstrawGalium trifidum small bedstrawGalium triflorum sweet-scented bedstrawGaultheria hispidula creeping-snowberryGeocaulon lividum bastard toad-flaxGeranium erianthum northern geraniumGeum macrophyllum large-leaved avensGlyceria sp. mannagrassGoodyera oblongifolia rattlesnake-plantainGoodyera repens dwarf rattlesnake orchidGymnocarpium dryopteris oak fernHierochloe odorata common sweetgrassHypopitys monotropa pinesapImpatiens noli-tangere common touch-me-notKalmia microphylla bog-laurel

APPENDIX 1 Continued

Lathyrus nevadensis purple peavineLinnaea borealis twinflowerListera cordata heart-leaved twaybladeLycopodium annotinum stiff clubmossLycopodium complanatum ground-cedarLycopodium obscurum ground-pineLysichiton americanum skunk cabbageMentha arvensis field mintMenyanthes trifoliata buckbeanMitella nuda common mitrewortMoneses uniflora single delightOrthilia secunda one-sided wintergreenOryzopsis asperifolia rough-leaved ricegrassOsmorhiza chilensis mountain sweet-cicelyParnassia fimbriata fringed grass-of-ParnassusPetasites palmatus palmate coltsfootPetasites sagittatus arrow-leaved coltsfootPlatanthera dilatata white bog-orchidPlatanthera hyperborea green-flowered bog-orchidPlatanthera orbiculata round-leaved rein-orchidPoa pratensis Kentucky bluegrassPotentilla palustris marsh cinquefoilPrenanthes alata western rattlesnake-rootPterospora andromeda pinedropsPyrola asarifolia pink wintergreenPyrola chlorantha green wintergreenRubus arcticus dwarf nagoonberryRubus chamaemorus cloudberryRubus pedatus five-leaved brambleRubus pubescens trailing raspberrySaxifraga nelsoniana brook saxifrageScirpus microcarpus small-flowered bulrushSenecio triangularis arrow-leaved groundselSmilacina racemosa false Solomon’s-sealSmilacina stellata star-flowered false Solomon’s sealSpiranthes romanzoffiana ladies’ tressesStellaria sp. starwortStreptopus amplexifolius clasping twistedstalkStreptopus roseus rosy twistedstalkStreptopus streptopoides small twistedstalkThalictrum occidentale western meadowrueThelypteris phegopteris beech fernTiarella laciniata cut-leaved foamflowerTiarella trifoliata three-leaved foamflowerTiarella unifoliata one-leaved foamflowerTofieldia glutinosa sticky false asphodelTrichophorum cespitosum tufted clubrushTrientalis europaea northern starflower

APPENDIX 1 Concluded.

Triglochin maritimum seaside arrow-grassUrtica dioica stinging nettleVaccinium oxycoccos bog cranberryVaccinium vitis-idaea lingonberryVeronica sp. speedwellViola canadensis Canada violetViola glabella stream violetViola palustris marsh violetViola spp. violet

Mosses, Lichens, and LiverwortsAulacomnium palustreBarbilophozia sp.Brachythecium spp.Calliergon sp.Cladina mitisCladina rangiferinaConocephalum conicumDicranum scopariumDicranum spp.Hylocomium splendensMnium spp.Peltigera aphthosaPlagiochila asplenioidesPlagiomnium insignePleurozium schreberiPtilium crista-castrensisRhytidiadelphus loreusRhytidiadelphus triquetrusSphagnum spp.Tomenthypnum nitens

APPENDIX 2 Post-treatment maps of individual treatment units showing openings

The following maps present the post-treatment distribution of openings for each treatment unit. Aerialphotographs were taken of each treatment unit and digitized using GIS (scale = :).

. Map of treatment unit D2 (clearcut).

INDIVIDUAL TREATMENT UNIT MAP

- - - - - - - - Treatment unit boundary. . . . . . . . . Openings

≡ Landings= = = = = = Roads– – – – – – Skid trails

0 40m

APPENDIX 2 Continued

. Map of treatment unit D4 (heavy removal) with opening distribution.

INDIVIDUAL TREATMENT UNIT MAP

- - - - - - - - Treatment unit boundary. . . . . . . . . Openings

≡ Landings= = = = = = Roads– – – – – – Skid trails

0 40m

APPENDIX 2 Continued

. Map of treatment unit D5 (light removal) with opening distribution.

INDIVIDUAL TREATMENT UNIT MAP

- - - - - - - - Treatment unit boundary. . . . . . . . . Openings

≡ Landings= = = = = = Roads– – – – – – Skid trails

0 40m

APPENDIX 2 Continued

. Map of treatment unit D3 (no harvest).

INDIVIDUAL TREATMENT UNIT MAP

- - - - - - - - Treatment unit boundary. . . . . . . . . Openings

≡ Landings= = = = = = Roads– – – – – – Skid trails

0 40m

APPENDIX 2 Continued

. Map of treatment unit A1 (clearcut).

INDIVIDUAL TREATMENT UNIT MAP

- - - - - - - - Treatment unit boundary. . . . . . . . . Openings

≡ Landings= = = = = = Roads– – – – – – Skid trails

0 40m

APPENDIX 2 Continued

. Map of treatment unit B3 (heavy removal) with opening distribution.

INDIVIDUAL TREATMENT UNIT MAP

- - - - - - - - Treatment unit boundary. . . . . . . . . Openings

≡ Landings= = = = = = Roads– – – – – – Skid trails

0 40m

APPENDIX 2 Continued

. Map of treatment unit A2 (light removal) with opening distribution.

INDIVIDUAL TREATMENT UNIT MAP

- - - - - - - - Treatment unit boundary. . . . . . . . . Openings

≡ Landings= = = = = = Roads– – – – – – Skid trails

0 40m

APPENDIX 2 Continued

. Map of treatment unit B1 (no harvest).

INDIVIDUAL TREATMENT UNIT MAP

- - - - - - - - Treatment unit boundary. . . . . . . . . Openings

≡ Landings= = = = = = Roads– – – – – – Skid trails

0 40m

APPENDIX 2 Continued

. Map of treatment unit B4 (clearcut).

INDIVIDUAL TREATMENT UNIT MAP

- - - - - - - - Treatment unit boundary. . . . . . . . . Openings

≡ Landings= = = = = = Roads– – – – – – Skid trails

0 40m

APPENDIX 2 Continued

. Map of treatment unit C2 (heavy removal) with opening distribution.

INDIVIDUAL TREATMENT UNIT MAP

- - - - - - - - Treatment unit boundary. . . . . . . . . Openings

≡ Landings= = = = = = Roads– – – – – – Skid trails

0 40m

C2

APPENDIX 2 Continued

. Map of treatment unit B5 (light removal) with opening distribution.

INDIVIDUAL TREATMENT UNIT MAP

- - - - - - - - Treatment unit boundary. . . . . . . . . Openings

≡ Landings= = = = = = Roads– – – – – – Skid trails

0 40m

APPENDIX 2 Continued

. Map of treatment unit C1 (no harvest).

INDIVIDUAL TREATMENT UNIT MAP

- - - - - - - - Treatment unit boundary. . . . . . . . . Openings

≡ Landings= = = = = = Roads– – – – – – Skid trails

0 40m

APPENDIX 2 Continued

. Map of treatment unit A3 (clearcut).

INDIVIDUAL TREATMENT UNIT MAP

- - - - - - - - Treatment unit boundary. . . . . . . . . Openings

≡ Landings= = = = = = Roads– – – – – – Skid trails

0 40m

APPENDIX 2 Continued

. Map of treatment unit B2 (heavy removal) with opening distribution.

INDIVIDUAL TREATMENT UNIT MAP

- - - - - - - - Treatment unit boundary. . . . . . . . . Openings

≡ Landings= = = = = = Roads– – – – – – Skid trails

0 40m

APPENDIX 2 Continued

. Map of treatment unit C3 (light removal) with opening distribution.

INDIVIDUAL TREATMENT UNIT MAP

- - - - - - - - Treatment unit boundary. . . . . . . . . Openings

≡ Landings= = = = = = Roads– – – – – – Skid trails

0 40m

APPENDIX 2 Concluded.

. Map of treatment unit A4 (no harvest).

INDIVIDUAL TREATMENT UNIT MAP

- - - - - - - - Treatment unit boundary. . . . . . . . . Openings

≡ Landings= = = = = = Roads– – – – – – Skid trails

0 40m

APPENDIX 3 Ecological descriptions of Date Creek site units

For the purpose of ecosystem mapping of the Date Creek research area, the site series were grouped into“site units.” Table (below) lists the site units with their respective ICHmc site series.

. Summary of site units with corresponding site series

Map Site seriesa

symbol Site unit name (ICHmc2)

HM Hemlock–Moss 01(a)

HM(1)b Hemlock–Moss; mixed wood seral association 52

SM Submesic Moss 01(b); 51

OF Oak fern 03

DC Devil’s club 04, 05, 54

CF Cottonwood Floodplain 06

SL Skunk cabbage–Lady fern 07

HW Herb Wetland 31, 32

SW Shrub Wetland 31, 32

FW Forested Wetland 08

a Site series as described in Banner et al. (). Site series (HwPl–kinnikinnick–Cladonia) and ($AtEp–dogwood) areuncommon in the study area. There were no sites sampled within the Cottonwood Floodplain ecosystem (site series ).

b HM() refers to a seral asssociation of the Hemlock–moss site unit.

For each site unit a summary of the vegetation andenvironment/soils data is presented. These sum-maries are derived from the reconnaissanceplots done throughout the study area. Dominantplant species are not in parentheses (occur with% or greater frequency, and a mean cover of %or greater), while those in parentheses occur infre-quently or often with varying cover values. Speciesare listed in decreasing importance and Latinnames are in brackets.

Some ecosystem units are divided into succes-sional stages (refer to Table of main report) andare indicated as such (e.g., HM refers to themature forest successional stage). Tree layer datawere recorded for three subdivisions: —domi-nant trees, —main canopy, —secondarycanopy or suppressed trees. The mean cover forthe entire tree layer is provided.

Within the environment and soils section of thereconnaissance plot summary, the characteristicparameters (soil development, etc.) are listed indecreasing order of dominance. Some parametersare listed as a range of conditions (e.g., soil texture).

Note that we have not provided separate siteunit descriptions for the ICHmca portion of theresearch area. HM, OF, and DC site units occurringin the ICHmca are similar to those of theICHmc except that western redcedar is lackingand amabilis fir is more abundant, both in the treelayer and as regeneration.

ICHmc HM– Hemlock–Moss site unit, pole-sapling and young forest ( plots)

VegetationTrees: continuous cover with very low diversity

(mean cover %). (western hemlock [Tsuga heterophylla]) western hemlock

(subalpine fir [Abies lasiocarpa]) western hemlock

(western redcedar [Thuja plicata])

Shrubs: virtually non-existent.(western hemlock)(false azalea [Menziesia ferruginea])

Herbs: very scarce, sometimes lacking.(bunchberry [Cornus canadensis])(five-leaved bramble [Rubus pedatus])

Moss layer: usually well developed with high covervalue.

Hylocomium splendensPtilium crista-castrensisPleurozium schreberi

Environment/Soils Parent material: morainal blanket, morainal veneerSoil development: Eluviated Dystric Brunisol,

Orthic Humo-Ferric Podzol, Orthic DystricBrunisol, Orthic Gray Luvisol

Humus form: Hemimor, MormoderHumus depth (cm): –

Coarse fragment (%): –

Soil texture: loam to sandy clay loam

Moisture regime: mesicNutrient regime: medium

Slope (%): –

Aspect (o): all

Comments: Pole-sapling stages are typicallycomposed of dense “doghair” western hem-lock that have developed with excessive over-stocking after forest fires about years ago.Trees are usually less than m high and havesmall diameters.

ICHmc HM Hemlock–Moss site unit, matureforest ( plots)

VegetationTrees: continuous unbroken cover (mean cover %).

(western hemlock)(hybrid white spruce [Picea glauca x sitchensisx engelmannii])(subalpine fir)

western hemlock(western redcedar)

(paper birch [Betula papyrifera])(subalpine fir)

western hemlock(western redcedar)

Shrubs: very sparse, primarily regeneratingconifers.

western hemlock(western redcedar)(false azalea)

Herbs: very sparse, cover values often less than %.(bunchberry)(one-sided wintergreen [Orthilia secunda])(green wintergreen [Pyrola chlorantha])(round-leaved rein-orchid [Platanthera

orbiculata])

Moss layer: continuous and well developed.Hylocomium splendensPtilium crista-castrensisPleurozium schreberi(Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus)

Environment/soilsParent material: morainal blanketSoil development: Eluviated Dystric Brunisol,

Orthic Dystric Brunisol, Orthic Humo-FerricPodzol, Orthic Gray Luvisol, Brunisolic GrayLuvisol

Humus form: Hemimor, MormoderHumus depth (cm): –

Coarse fragments (%): –

Soil texture: loamy sand to clay loam

Moisture regime: mesic (submesic to subhygric)Nutrient regime: medium

Slope (%): –

Aspect (o): all

Comments: Well-developed, productive forestswith poorly developed shrub and herb layers.This is the most common site unit and suc-cessional stage in the study area.

APPENDIX 3 Continued

ICHmc HM Hemlock–moss unit, old growth( plots)

VegetationTrees: well developed and homogenous, but some-

times patchy with stand openings (meancover %).

western hemlock western hemlock

(western redcedar(amabilis fir [Abies amabilis])

western hemlock

Shrubs: discontinuous and patchy, sometimes welldeveloped in stand openings.

western hemlock(oval-leaved blueberry [Vaccinium ovalifolium])(false azalea)(amabilis fir)(western redcedar)

Herbs: patchy and sparse.bunchberryfive-leaved bramble(oak fern [Gymnocarpium dryopteris])(one-sided wintergreen)(twinflower [Linnaea borealis])

Moss layer: well developed and continuous.Hylocomium splendensPtilium crista-castrensisPleurozium schreberi

Environment/SoilsParent material: morainal blanket, fluvial fan,

glaciofluvial and colluvial veneer overmorainal blanket

Soil development: Orthic Dystric Brunisol,Orthic Humo-Ferric Podzol, Eluviated DystricBrunisol, Orthic Gray Luvisol

Humus form: Hemimor, Mormoder,Humimor

Humus depth (cm): –

Coarse fragments (%): –

Soil texture: sandy loam to clay loam

Moisture regime: mesic (subhygric)Nutrient regime: medium (rich)

Slope (%): –

Aspect (o): all

Comments: This unit is predominant on the slopesof the Kispiox Range. Stands are often in excessof years old; structurally and floristicallymore diverse than successional stages –.

ICHmc Submesic moss site unit ( plots)

VegetationTrees: well developed and continuous (mean cover

%). (western hemlock)

(lodgepole pine [Pinus contorta var latifolia]) western hemlock

(western redcedar) western hemlock

Shrubs: patchy and sometimes nearly lacking.western hemlock(black huckleberry [Vaccinium membranaceum])

Herbs: very sparse and poorly developed.(prince’s pine [Chimaphila umbellata])(bunchberry)(one-sided wintergreen)

Moss layer: well developed and continuous.Hylocomium splendensPleurozium schreberi(Ptilium crista-castrensis)

Environment/soilsParent material: glaciofluvial terrace, glaciofluvial

ridge, pebbly morainal blanketSoil development: Eluviated Dystric Brunisol,

Orthic Dystric BrunisolHumus form: HemimorHumus depth (cm): –

Coarse fragments (%): –

Soil texture: sand to silt loam

Moisture regime: submesic (mesic)Nutrient regime: poor

Slope (%): –

Aspect (o): all

APPENDIX 3 Continued

Comments: This unit always occurs as a minorcomponent within an HM matrix, and is vir-tually indistinguishable from the HM unitexcept on the basis of parent material texture.

ICHmc HM() Hemlock–moss site unit; mixedwood seral association ( plots)

VegetationTrees: patchy, discontinuous, diverse, often with

large stand openings (mean cover %). black cottonwood [Populus balsamifera ssp.

trichocarpa](hybrid white spruce)

paper birch(hybrid white spruce)(western redcedar)(subalpine fir)

(western redcedar)(subalpine fir)

Shrubs: well developed, robust, and often patchy.thimbleberry [Rubus parviflorus]highbush-cranberry [Viburnum edule](western redcedar)(subalpine fir)(prickly rose [Rosa acicularis])(black twinberry [Lonicera involucrata])(alder [Alnus spp.])(hybrid white spruce)(red-osier dogwood [Cornus stolonifera])

Herbs: patchy, diverse, and often vigorous.bunchberrytrailing raspberry [Rubus pubescens] (wild sarsaparilla [Aralia nudicaulis])(palmate coltsfoot [Petasites palmatus])(sweet-scented bedstraw [Galium triflorum])(oak fern)(queen’s cup [Clintonia uniflora])(pink wintergreen [Pyrola asarifolia])(twinflower)(false Solomon’s-seal [Smilacina racemosa])(purple peavine [Lathyrus nevadensis])

Moss layer: patchy and poorly developed.Rhytidiadelphus triquetrusMnium spp.(Ptilium crista-castrenis)

Environment/SoilsParent material: morainal blanket, glaciofluvial

blanketSoil development: Brunisolic Gray Luvisol,

Orthic Dystric BrunisolHumus form: Mormoder, Hemimor, Velomoder,

LeptomoderHumus depth (cm): –

Coarse fragments (%): –

Soil texture: loam to clay loam

Moisture regime: mesic to subhygricNutrient regime: medium to rich

Slope (%): –

Aspect (o): all

Comments: The Hemlock–Moss () site unitoccupies similar landscape positions to theHemlock–Moss unit on rolling moraine, andyet appears to be slightly richer and moister.The soil texture is finer and Brunisolic GrayLuvisols rather than Dystric Brunisols are thedominant soils. On these sites there is noclear-cut successional movement to a climaxstate, rather a seral equilibrium.

ICHmc OF (Oak fern site unit)

VegetationTrees: moderately well developed with low diversity

(mean cover %). western hemlock

(western redcedar) western hemlock

western redcedar western hemlock

(western redcedar)

Shrubs: patchy, with low diversity.devil’s club [Oplopanax horridus]western hemlock(western redcedar)(amabilis fir)(false azalea)

Herbs: well developed, patchy to continuous, dom-inated by oak fern.

APPENDIX 3 Continued

oak fernbunchberryfive-leaved bramble(one-sided wintergreen)(queen’s cup)(clasping twistedstalk [Streptopus amplexifolius])(spiny wood fern [Dryopteris assimilis])

Moss layer: well developed and continuous.Hylocomium splendensPleurozium schreberiPtilium crista-castrensisRhytidiadelphus triquetrus

Environment/SoilsParent materials: morainal blanket, fluvial fan,

colluvial veneer over morainal blanketSoil development: Gleyed Dystric Brunisol, Elu-

viated Dystric Brunisol, Orthic Regosol,Cumulic Regosol, Orthic Humo-Ferric Pod-zol, Orthic Gray Luvisol, Orthic SombricBrunisol, Gleyed Brunisolic Gray Luvisol

Humus form: Mormoder, Hemimor, Lepto-moder, Hemihumimor, Velomormoder,Velomor

Humus depth (cm): –

Coarse fragments (%): –

Soil texture: coarse sand to clay loam

Moisture regime: subhygric (mesic)Nutrient regime: rich (medium)

Slope (%): –

Aspect (o): –

Comments: This unit occurs on a variety of soildevelopments, but primarily on fluvial fanmaterial and fine-textured moraine. Althoughdevil’s club is always present it never achieveshigher than % cover.

ICHmc DC Devil’s club site unit ( plots)

VegetationTrees: patchy, discontinuous, and usually very open

(mean cover %).

(hybrid white spruce)

(western redcedar)(western hemlock)

western hemlock(western redcedar)(hybrid white spruce)(subalpine fir)

(western hemlock)(western redcedar)

Shrubs: patchy to continuous, robust, and alwaysdominated by devil’s club.

devil’s clubwestern hemlock (black gooseberry [Ribes lacustre])(western redcedar)(highbush-cranberry)(thimbleberry)(red-osier dogwood)

Herbs: vigorous, patchy to continuous.oak fernthree-leaved foamflower [Tiarella trifoliata]bunchberrylady fern [Athyrium filix-femina](spiny wood fern)(enchanter’s nightshade [Circaea alpina])(five-leaved bramble)(clasping twistedstalk)

Moss layer: discontinuous and vigorous.Hylocomium splendensMnium spp.Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus(Ptilium crista-castrensis)(Pleurozium schreberi)

Environment/SoilsParent material: morainal blanket, lacustrine

blanket, gullied morainal blanket, fluvial fan,fluvial plain

Soil development: Orthic Regosol, OrthicGleysol, Orthic Humic Gleysol, Gleyed GrayLuvisol, Gleyed Dystric Brunisol, RegoGleysol, Gleyed Cumulic Regosol, CumulicRegosol, Orthic Dystric Brunisol, TypicHumisol

Humus form: Mormoder, Leptomoder, Hydro-moder, Velomoder, Hemimor

APPENDIX 3 Continued

Humus depth (cm): –

Coarse fragments (%): –

Soil texture: loamy sand to clay

Moisture regime: subhygric to hygricNutrient regime: rich

Slope (%): –

Aspect (o): variable

Comments: The Devil’s club site unit occurs ona range of materials with varied soil develop-ment, although gleyed and regosolic soils aremost common. Devil’s club has a mean coverof %. The tree canopy is often minimal andsome sites are shrub dominated.

ICHmc SL Skunk cabbage–Lady fern site unit,shrub dominated ( plots)

VegetationTrees: lacking or occasional individuals (mean

cover %)., , (hybrid white spruce)

Shrubs: robust, tall, diverse, and continuous.mountain alder [Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia]devil’s clubblack twinberry (red-osier dogwood)

Herbs: vigorous, tall with low diversity.lady fernenchanter’s nightshadeoak fern(skunk cabbage [Lysichiton americanum](three-leaved foamflower)(violet [Viola sp.])

Moss layer: very low cover and diversity.Mnium spp.

Environment/SoilsParent material: gullied morainal blanket,

glaciofluvial blanket, organic veneer over flu-vial blanket, fluvial blanket, lacustrine blanket,organic blanket

Soil development: Rego Gleysol, Rego Humic

Gleysol, Gleyed Cumulic Regosol, TerricHumisol, Typic Mesisol

Humus form: Leptomoder, Hydromoder, Velomo-der, Hydromor, Hydromormoder, Histomoder

Humus depth (cm): –

Coarse fragments (%): –

Moisture regime: subhygric to subhydricNutrient regime: rich to very rich

Slope (%):

Aspect (o): not applicable

Comments: The Skunk cabbage–Lady fern siteunit occurs distinctly as successional stage (shrub dominated) and – (mature forest/oldgrowth). The two forms exhibit significant dif-ferences in floristic diversity and cover values,although physical conditions do not differ.

ICHmc SL– Skunk cabbage–Lady fern siteunit, mature forest and old growth ( plots)

VegetationTrees: discontinuous and very open (mean cover %).

hybrid white spruce hybrid white spruce

western redcedar(western hemlock)(subalpine fir)

(hybrid white spruce)(western hemlock)

Shrubs: patchy and discontinuous, but robust.western hemlockwestern redcedar(mountain alder)(false azalea)(subalpine fir)(devil’s club)(highbush-cranberry)

Herbs: diverse, vigorous, and continuous.skunk cabbagehorsetail [Equisetum spp.]oak fernlady fernbunchberry

APPENDIX 3 Continued

(trailing raspberry)(soft-leaved sedge [Carex disperma])(three-leaved foamflower)(sweet-scented bedstraw)(violet)(common mitrewort [Mitella nuda])(enchanter’s nightshade)

Moss layer: patchy and discontinuous.Mnium spp.Hylocomium splendensRhytidiadelphus triquetrus

Environment/SoilsParent material: organic blanket, lacustrine blan-

ket, fluvial blanket, organic veneer overglaciofluvial blanket

Soil development: Rego Gleysol, Typic Humisol,Rego Humic Gleysol, Typic Mesisol, TerricHumisol

Humus form: Hydromoder, Saprimull, Histo-moder, Hydromull

Humus depth (cm): –

Coarse fragments (%): –

Soil texture: loamy sand to heavy clay

Moisture regime: hygric to subhydricNutrient regime: rich to very rich

Slope (%):

Aspect (o): not applicable

Comments: The forested stage of the Skunkcabbage–Lady fern site unit consistently hashigher cover values for skunk cabbage andhorsetail than the shrub stage. A number ofspecies such as false azalea and bunchberrygrow on raised organic mounds in this unit.

ICHmc FW Forested Wetland site unit ( plots)

VegetationTrees: open with reduced growth form (mean

cover %). black spruce [Picea mariana] (black spruce)

(paper birch) (black spruce)

Shrubs: patchy and sparse, and low in stature.Labrador tea [Ledum groenlandicum](hardhack [Spiraea douglasii])(scrub birch [Betula glandulosa])(mountain alder)

Herbs: continuous, with relatively low diversity.sedge [Carex spp.](horsetail)(marsh cinquefoil [Potentilla palustris])(bog cranberry [Vaccinium oxycoccos])(skunk cabbage)(buckbean [Menyanthes trifoliata])(twinflower [Linnaea borealis])(dwarf nagoonberry)

Moss layer: thick, spongy peat moss.Sphagnum spp.(Pleurozium schreberi)(Aulacomnium palustre)

Environment/SoilsParent material: organic blanketSoil development: Typic Mesisol, Typic Humisol,

Typic FibrisolHumus form: Histomoder, Saprimull, HistomorHumus depth (cm): –

Moisture regime: subhydricNutrient regime: very poor to poor

Slope (%):

Aspect (o): not applicable

Comments: This unit, which is mapped as aforested wetland, has low cover values for thetree layer, but is treed relative to otherwetlands.

ICHmc SW Shrub Wetland site unit ( plots)

VegetationTrees: scattered individuals or not present.

Shrubs: usually continuous, sometimes patchy.hardhack [Spiraea douglasii]mountain alder(scrub birch)

APPENDIX 3 Continued

(Labrador tea [Ledum groenlandicum])(hybrid white spruce)

Herbs: continuous, homogenous, usually domi-nated by a few species.

sedgeskunk cabbage(violet)(bluejoint [Calamagrostis canadensis])(cloudberry [Rubus chamaemorus])(marsh cinquefoil])

Moss layer: diverse and highly variable.(Sphagnum spp.)(Pleurozium schreberi)(Calliergon sp.)(Tomenthypnum nitens)(Mnium spp.)

Environment/SoilsParent material: organic blanket, fluvial veneer

over lacustrine, organic veneer over lacustrinematerials

Soil development: Typic Humisol, Typic Fibrisol,Typic Mesisol, Terric Mesisol, Rego Gleysol

Humus form: Histomor, Saprimull, Hydromor,Hydromoder

Humus depth (cm): –

Soil texture: clay ( samples)

Moisture regime: subhygric to hydricNutrient regime: rich to very rich

Slope (%):

Aspect (o): not applicable

Comments: The Shrub Wetland unit is variablein species composition and can be dominatedby mountain alder, hardhack, or scrub birch.These sites are often transitional to and adja-cent to the Herb Wetland unit.

ICHmc HW Herb Wetland ( plots)

VegetationTrees: lacking or occasional stunted individuals.Shrubs: patchy and discontinuous, often on

perimeter.

(Labrador tea) [Ledum groenlandicum])(scrub birch)(willow [Salix spp.])(lodgepole pine)(black spruce)

Herbs: diverse and continuous, sometimes withlow cover values.

sedgebog cranberrynarrow-leaved cotton-grass [Eriophorum angusti-

folium])(buckbean)(bog-laurel [Kalmia microphylla])(round-leaved sundew [Drosera rotundifolia])(white bog-orchid [Platanthera dilatata])(bog-rosemary [Andromeda polifolia])

Moss layer: thick, continuous, peat moss.Sphagnum spp.(Tomenthypnum nitens)(Calliergon sp.)

Environment/SoilsParent material: organic blanket, organic veneer

over morainal blanketSoil development: Typic Mesisol, Typic Humisol,

Mesic Humisol, Typic Fibrisol, Rego GleysolHumus form: Histomoder, Saprimull, Histomor,

HydromorHumus depth (cm): –

Coarse fragments (%): ( sample)Soil texture: sandy clay loam

Moisture regime: subhydric to hydricNutrient regime: oligotrophic to eutrophic

Slope (%):

Aspect (o): not applicable

Comments: The Herb Wetland is relativelyhomogenous, and is often dominated by afew species, with a continuous cover of peatmoss. Sedge species include Carex diandra, C.disperma, C. interior, C. limosa, C. pauciflora,and C. sitchensis.

APPENDIX 3 Concluded.

APPENDIX 4 Maps of treatment units showing site series distribution

The following maps present the site series distribution for each treatment unit (scale = :). Site seriesare described in Banner et al. ().

. Map of treatment unit D2 with site series distribution.

INDIVIDUAL TREATMENT UNIT MAP

MAP SITE MAP SITECODE SERIESa CODE SERIES

01 Hemlock–Step moss (mesic phase) 07 Cedar–Spruce–Horsetail–Skunk cabbage01(b) Hemlock–Step moss (submesic phase) 08 Black spruce–Hybrid spruce–Scrub birch–Sedge (forested swamp)03 Hemlock–Cedar–Oak fern OW Open water04 Cedar–Hemlock–Devil’s club–Oak fern ROW Right-of-way05 Spruce–Devil’s club–Lady ferna Site series as described in Banner et al. 1993

0 50m

. Map of treatment unit D4 with site series distribution.

INDIVIDUAL TREATMENT UNIT MAP

MAP SITE MAP SITECODE SERIESa CODE SERIES

01 Hemlock–Step moss (mesic phase) 07 Cedar–Spruce–Horsetail–Skunk cabbage01(b) Hemlock–Step moss (submesic phase) 08 Black spruce–Hybrid spruce–Scrub birch–Sedge (forested swamp)03 Hemlock–Cedar–Oak fern OW Open water04 Cedar–Hemlock–Devil’s club–Oak fern ROW Right-of-way05 Spruce–Devil’s club–Lady ferna Site series as described in Banner et al. 1993

APPENDIX 4 Continued

0 50m

. Map of treatment unit D5 with site series distribution.

INDIVIDUAL TREATMENT UNIT MAP

MAP SITE MAP SITECODE SERIESa CODE SERIES

01 Hemlock–Step moss (mesic phase) 07 Cedar–Spruce–Horsetail–Skunk cabbage01(b) Hemlock–Step moss (submesic phase) 08 Black spruce–Hybrid spruce–Scrub birch–Sedge (forested swamp)03 Hemlock–Cedar–Oak fern OW Open water04 Cedar–Hemlock–Devil’s club–Oak fern ROW Right-of-way05 Spruce–Devil’s club–Lady ferna Site series as described in Banner et al. 1993

APPENDIX 4 Continued

0 50m

. Map of treatment unit D3 with site series distribution.

INDIVIDUAL TREATMENT UNIT MAP

MAP SITE MAP SITECODE SERIESa CODE SERIES

01 Hemlock–Step moss (mesic phase) 07 Cedar–Spruce–Horsetail–Skunk cabbage01(b) Hemlock–Step moss (submesic phase) 08 Black spruce–Hybrid spruce–Scrub birch–Sedge (forested swamp)03 Hemlock–Cedar–Oak fern OW Open water04 Cedar–Hemlock–Devil’s club–Oak fern ROW Right-of-way05 Spruce–Devil’s club–Lady ferna Site series as described in Banner et al. 1993

APPENDIX 4 Continued

0 50m

. Map of treatment unit A1 with site series distribution.

INDIVIDUAL TREATMENT UNIT MAP

MAP SITE MAP SITECODE SERIESa CODE SERIES

01 Hemlock–Step moss (mesic phase) 07 Cedar–Spruce–Horsetail–Skunk cabbage01(b) Hemlock–Step moss (submesic phase) 08 Black spruce–Hybrid spruce–Scrub birch–Sedge (forested swamp)03 Hemlock–Cedar–Oak fern OW Open water04 Cedar–Hemlock–Devil’s club–Oak fern ROW Right-of-way05 Spruce–Devil’s club–Lady ferna Site series as described in Banner et al. 1993

APPENDIX 4 Continued

0 50m

. Map of treatment unit B3 with site series distribution.

INDIVIDUAL TREATMENT UNIT MAP

MAP SITE MAP SITECODE SERIESa CODE SERIES

01 Hemlock–Step moss (mesic phase) 07 Cedar–Spruce–Horsetail–Skunk cabbage01(b) Hemlock–Step moss (submesic phase) 08 Black spruce–Hybrid spruce–Scrub birch–Sedge (forested swamp)03 Hemlock–Cedar–Oak fern OW Open water04 Cedar–Hemlock–Devil’s club–Oak fern ROW Right-of-way05 Spruce–Devil’s club–Lady ferna Site series as described in Banner et al. 1993

APPENDIX 4 Continued

0 50m

. Map of treatment unit A2 with site series distribution.

INDIVIDUAL TREATMENT UNIT MAP

MAP SITE MAP SITECODE SERIESa CODE SERIES

01 Hemlock–Step moss (mesic phase) 07 Cedar–Spruce–Horsetail–Skunk cabbage01(b) Hemlock–Step moss (submesic phase) 08 Black spruce–Hybrid spruce–Scrub birch–Sedge (forested swamp)03 Hemlock–Cedar–Oak fern OW Open water04 Cedar–Hemlock–Devil’s club–Oak fern ROW Right-of-way05 Spruce–Devil’s club–Lady ferna Site series as described in Banner et al. 1993

APPENDIX 4 Continued

0 50m

. Map of treatment unit B1 with site series distribution.

INDIVIDUAL TREATMENT UNIT MAP

MAP SITE MAP SITECODE SERIESa CODE SERIES

01 Hemlock–Step moss (mesic phase) 07 Cedar–Spruce–Horsetail–Skunk cabbage01(b) Hemlock–Step moss (submesic phase) 08 Black spruce–Hybrid spruce–Scrub birch–Sedge (forested swamp)03 Hemlock–Cedar–Oak fern OW Open water04 Cedar–Hemlock–Devil’s club–Oak fern ROW Right-of-way05 Spruce–Devil’s club–Lady ferna Site series as described in Banner et al. 1993

APPENDIX 4 Continued

0 50m

. Map of treatment unit B4 with site series distribution.

INDIVIDUAL TREATMENT UNIT MAP

MAP SITE MAP SITECODE SERIESa CODE SERIES

01 Hemlock–Step moss (mesic phase) 07 Cedar–Spruce–Horsetail–Skunk cabbage01(b) Hemlock–Step moss (submesic phase) 08 Black spruce–Hybrid spruce–Scrub birch–Sedge (forested swamp)03 Hemlock–Cedar–Oak fern OW Open water04 Cedar–Hemlock–Devil’s club–Oak fern ROW Right-of-way05 Spruce–Devil’s club–Lady ferna Site series as described in Banner et al. 1993

APPENDIX 4 Continued

0 50m

. Map of treatment unit C2 with site series distribution.

INDIVIDUAL TREATMENT UNIT MAP

MAP SITE MAP SITECODE SERIESa CODE SERIES

01 Hemlock–Step moss (mesic phase) 07 Cedar–Spruce–Horsetail–Skunk cabbage01(b) Hemlock–Step moss (submesic phase) 08 Black spruce–Hybrid spruce–Scrub birch–Sedge (forested swamp)03 Hemlock–Cedar–Oak fern OW Open water04 Cedar–Hemlock–Devil’s club–Oak fern ROW Right-of-way05 Spruce–Devil’s club–Lady ferna Site series as described in Banner et al. 1993

APPENDIX 4 Continued

0 50m

. Map of treatment unit B5 with site series distribution.

INDIVIDUAL TREATMENT UNIT MAP

MAP SITE MAP SITECODE SERIESa CODE SERIES

01 Hemlock–Step moss (mesic phase) 07 Cedar–Spruce–Horsetail–Skunk cabbage01(b) Hemlock–Step moss (submesic phase) 08 Black spruce–Hybrid spruce–Scrub birch–Sedge (forested swamp)03 Hemlock–Cedar–Oak fern OW Open water04 Cedar–Hemlock–Devil’s club–Oak fern ROW Right-of-way05 Spruce–Devil’s club–Lady ferna Site series as described in Banner et al. 1993

APPENDIX 4 Continued

0 50m

. Map of treatment unit C1 with site series distribution.

INDIVIDUAL TREATMENT UNIT MAP

MAP SITE MAP SITECODE SERIESa CODE SERIES

01 Hemlock–Step moss (mesic phase) 07 Cedar–Spruce–Horsetail–Skunk cabbage01(b) Hemlock–Step moss (submesic phase) 08 Black spruce–Hybrid spruce–Scrub birch–Sedge (forested swamp)03 Hemlock–Cedar–Oak fern OW Open water04 Cedar–Hemlock–Devil’s club–Oak fern ROW Right-of-way05 Spruce–Devil’s club–Lady ferna Site series as described in Banner et al. 1993

APPENDIX 4 Continued

0 50m

. Map of treatment unit A3 with site series distribution.

INDIVIDUAL TREATMENT UNIT MAP

MAP SITE MAP SITECODE SERIESa CODE SERIES

01 Hemlock–Step moss (mesic phase) 07 Cedar–Spruce–Horsetail–Skunk cabbage01(b) Hemlock–Step moss (submesic phase) 08 Black spruce–Hybrid spruce–Scrub birch–Sedge (forested swamp)03 Hemlock–Cedar–Oak fern OW Open water04 Cedar–Hemlock–Devil’s club–Oak fern ROW Right-of-way05 Spruce–Devil’s club–Lady ferna Site series as described in Banner et al. 1993

APPENDIX 4 Continued

0 50m

. Map of treatment unit B2 with site series distribution.

INDIVIDUAL TREATMENT UNIT MAP

MAP SITE MAP SITECODE SERIESa CODE SERIES

01 Hemlock–Step moss (mesic phase) 07 Cedar–Spruce–Horsetail–Skunk cabbage01(b) Hemlock–Step moss (submesic phase) 08 Black spruce–Hybrid spruce–Scrub birch–Sedge (forested swamp)03 Hemlock–Cedar–Oak fern OW Open water04 Cedar–Hemlock–Devil’s club–Oak fern ROW Right-of-way05 Spruce–Devil’s club–Lady ferna Site series as described in Banner et al. 1993

APPENDIX 4 Continued

0 50m

. Map of treatment unit C3 with site series distribution.

INDIVIDUAL TREATMENT UNIT MAP

MAP SITE MAP SITECODE SERIESa CODE SERIES

01 Hemlock–Step moss (mesic phase) 07 Cedar–Spruce–Horsetail–Skunk cabbage01(b) Hemlock–Step moss (submesic phase) 08 Black spruce–Hybrid spruce–Scrub birch–Sedge (forested swamp)03 Hemlock–Cedar–Oak fern OW Open water04 Cedar–Hemlock–Devil’s club–Oak fern ROW Right-of-way05 Spruce–Devil’s club–Lady ferna Site series as described in Banner et al. 1993

APPENDIX 4 Continued

0 50m

. Map of treatment unit A4 with site series distribution.

INDIVIDUAL TREATMENT UNIT MAP

MAP SITE MAP SITECODE SERIESa CODE SERIES

01 Hemlock–Step moss (mesic phase) 07 Cedar–Spruce–Horsetail–Skunk cabbage01(b) Hemlock–Step moss (submesic phase) 08 Black spruce–Hybrid spruce–Scrub birch–Sedge (forested swamp)03 Hemlock–Cedar–Oak fern OW Open water04 Cedar–Hemlock–Devil’s club–Oak fern ROW Right-of-way05 Spruce–Devil’s club–Lady ferna Site series as described in Banner et al. 1993

APPENDIX 4 Concluded.

0 50m

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