Name: ___________________ AP World History 10 1 DBQ Assessment Nomadic Empires and the Rise of Europe Document-Based Question: Part A (Suggested writing time—40 minutes) Percent of Section II score—33 1/3 Directions: The following question is based on the accompanying Documents 1-10. (The documents have been edited for the purpose of this exercise.) This question is designed to test your ability to work with and understand historical documents. Write an essay that: Has a relevant thesis and supports that thesis with evidence from the documents. Uses all of the documents. Analyzes the documents by grouping them in as many appropriate ways as possible. Does not simply summarize the documents individually. Takes into account the sources of the documents and analyzes the authors' points of view. Identifies and explains the need for at least one additional type of document. You may refer to relevant historical information not mentioned in the documents. 1. Using the documents, analyze the relationship between migration, expansion and cultural integration in The Nomadic Empires and for Europe during the High Middle Ages between the years of 1000- 1500 C.E. Identify and explain what additional type of document(s) or sources would help in assessing ideas about expansion, conquest and cultural integration. Standard Not a 3.5 yet … 3.5 4.0 3.10.1 Create a thesis that introduces a topic You did not receive a 3.5 yet because … The thesis must be explicitly stated in the introduction or the specified conclusion of Has a clear, analytical, and comprehensive thesis. -Goes well beyond the
Transcript
Name: ___________________AP World History 101DBQ Assessment
Nomadic Empires and the Rise of Europe Document-Based Question: Part A
(Suggested writing time—40 minutes)
Percent of Section II score—33 1/3Directions: The following question is based on the accompanying Documents 1-10. (The documents have been edited for the purpose of this exercise.)This question is designed to test your ability to work with and understand historical documents.
Write an essay that: Has a relevant thesis and supports that thesis with evidence from the
documents. Uses all of the documents. Analyzes the documents by grouping them in as many appropriate ways
as possible. Does not simply summarize the documents individually. Takes into account the sources of the documents and analyzes the
authors' points of view. Identifies and explains the need for at least one additional type of
document.You may refer to relevant historical information not mentioned in the documents.
1. Using the documents, analyze the relationship between migration, expansion and cultural integration in The Nomadic Empires and for Europe during the High Middle Ages between the years of 1000- 1500 C.E. Identify and explain what additional type of document(s) or sources would help in assessing ideas about expansion, conquest and cultural integration.
Standard Not a 3.5 yet … 3.5 4.0
3.10.1 Create a thesis that introduces a topic and claim
You did not receive a 3.5 yet because …
The thesis must be explicitly stated in the introduction or the specified conclusion of the essay.• The thesis may appear as one sentence or multiple sentences.
Has a clear, analytical, and comprehensive thesis.-Goes well beyond the minimally acceptable thesis.
3.10.5 Connect evidence to topic sentences with commentary to clarify the relationships among ideas and concepts
You did not receive a 3.5 yet because …
Specific and accurate evidence of the relationship between expansion and cultural integration in The Nomadic Empires and Europe during the High Middle Ages between the years of 1000- 1500 C.E.
Explains why additional types of document(s) or sources are needed.o Identifies more than one type of appropriate additional document.o Provides a sophisticated explanation of why the additional document will contribute to analysis.o Request for additional
Use at least 9 documents (only 2 pictures) to from body paragraphs that are related
• A document that is simply listed does not count as using the document as evidence.
document(s) is woven into the essay and integrated into a broader analysis.
5.10.2 Consider multiple perspectives to explain how and why people acted in a particular time period
You did not receive a 3.5 yet because …
Students must correctly analyze point of view in at least one document• Point of view explains why this particular person might have this particular opinion or what particular feature informs the author’s point of view.• Students must move beyond mere description by explaining a document’s tone, the characteristics of the author, the intended audience, and/or how the intended outcome may have influenced the author’s opinion.• Students may challenge the veracity of the author’s opinion or point of view, but must move beyond a mere statement that the author is “biased” by providing some plausible analysis.• Mere attribution is not sufficient. Attribution is copying or repeatinginformation verbatim from the source line of the document.
Analyzes point of view in most or all documents.o Provides thoughtful analysis of author’s background, intended audience, tone, or historical context.
Make a list of what are some possible relationships and then which documents could go with each
Relationships
Documents
Grouping of Point of views
Which documents do you group together and why?
1st Group
Group numbers
Why did you put these groups together? What links them together?
Is there a point of view in one of these documents that you can write about in your essay
Why did you put these groups together? What links them together? Are they linked together by point of view?
Is there a point of view in one of these documents that you can write about in your essay
Topic Sentence for Paragraph of 3rd group
Thesis StatementRead the Directions below, this is how the AP World History Exam will ask a DBQ question.
Using the documents, analyze the relationship between migration, expansion and cultural integration in The Nomadic Empires and Europe during the High Middle Ages between the years of 1000- 1500 C.E. Identify and explain what additional type of document(s) or sources would help in assessing ideas about expansion, conquest and cultural integration.
You may write a thesis statement below using the directions and what you learned from the documents that you read.
[from Walsh] Although Tatar [or Mongol] troops had defeated those of the Russian princes in 1228 this had been only a reconnaissance in force and the Tatars had withdrawn without attempting to follow up the victory. They returned in 1236, however, and within less than four years brought all the Russian principalities, except Novogorod, under their dominion. Tatar control of the Russian lands lasted almost two and one-half centuries and had very important, far-reaching consequences. The following description of the Tatars was written in 1243.
[spelling slightly modernized - Halsall]
But concerning their manners and superstitions, of the disposition and stature of their bodies, of their country and manner of fighting etc., he protested the particulars following to be true: namely, that they were above all men, covetous, hasty, deceitful], and merciless: notwithstanding, by reason of the rigor and extremity of punishments to be inflicted upon them by their superiors, they are restrained from brawlings, and from mutual strife and contention. The ancient founders and fathers of their tribes, they call by the name of gods, and at certain set times the do celebrate solemn feasts unto them, many of them being particular, & but four only general. They think that all things are created for themselves alone. They esteem it none offence to exercise cruelty against rebels. They are hardy and strong in the breast, lean and pale-faced, rough and hug-shouldered, having flat and short noses, long and sharp chins, their upper jaws are low and declining, their teeth long and thin, their eye-brows extending from their foreheads down to their noses, their eyes inconstand and black, their countenances writhen and terrible, their extreme joints strong with bones and sinews, having thick and great thighs, and short legs, and yet being equal unto us in stature: for that length which is wanting in their legs, is supplied in the upper parts of their bodies. Their country in old time was a land utterly desert and waste, situated far beyond Chaldea, from whence they have expelled lions, bears, & such like tintarned beasts, with their bows, and other engines. Of the hides of beasts being tanned, they use to shape for themselves light but yet impenetrable armor. They ride fast bound 'unto their horses, which are not very great in stature, but exceedingly strong, and maintained with little provender. They used to fight constantly and valiantly with javelins, maces, battle-axes, and swords. But specially they are excellent archers, and cunning warriors with their bows. Their backs are slightly armed, that they may not flee. They withdraw not themselves from the combat till they see the chief standard of their General give back. Vanquished, they ask no favor, and -vanquishing, they show no compassion. They all persist in their purpose of subduing the whole world under their own subjection, as if . they were but one man, and yet they are more then millions in number. They have 60000. Couriers, who being
sent before upon light horses to prepare a place for the army to encamp in, will in the space of one night gallop three days journey. And suddenly diffusing themselves over an whole province, and surprising all the people thereof unarmed, unprovided, dispersed, they make such horrible slaughters, that the king or prince of the land invaded, cannot find people sufficient to wage battle against them, and to withstand them They delude all people and princes of regions in time of peace, pretending that for a cause, which indeed is no cause. Sometimes they say, that they will make a voyage to Colen, to fetch home the three wise kings into their own country; sometimes to punish the avarice and pride of the Romans, who oppressed them in times past; sometimes to conquer barbarous and Northern nations; sometimes to moderate the fury of the Germans with their own meek mildness; sometimes to learn warlike feats and stratagems of the French; sometimes for the finding out of fertile ground to suffice their huge multitudes; sometimes again in derision they say that they intend to go on pilgrimage to S. James of Galicia. In regard of which sleights and collusions certain undiscreet governors concluding a league with them, have granted them free passage through their territories, which leagues notwithstanding being violate, were an occasion of ruin and destruction unto the governors &c.
from Richard Hakluyt, The Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques and Discoveries of the English Nation. Ten vols. New York: E. P. Dutton & Co., 1927. Vol. 1, pp. 91-93. reprinted in Warren Walsh,Readings in Russian History, (Syracuse : Syracuse University Press, 1948)
Analyze the relationship between expansion, conquest and cultural integration in The Nomadic Empires and Europe during the High Middle Ages.
Is there a point of view contained with this document? What would it be?
Document 2. Excerpt of Urban II at Clermont (1095)
Several versions of Urban II's speech at Clermont in 1095.
Oh, race of Franks, race from across the mountains, race beloved and chosen by God,—as is clear from many of your works,—set apart from all other nations by the situation of your country as well as by your Catholic faith and the honor which you render to the holy Church: to you our discourse is addressed, and for you our exhortations are intended. We wish you to know what a grievous cause has led us to your country, for it is the imminent peril threatening you and all the faithful
which has brought us hither.
From the confines of Jerusalem and from the city of Constantinople a grievous report has gone forth and has repeatedly been brought to our ears; namely, that a race from the kingdom of the Persians, an accursed race, a race wholly alienated from God, 'a generation that set not their heart aright and whose spirit was not steadfast with God,' violently invaded the lands of those Christians and has depopulated them by pillage and fire. They have led away a part of the captives into their own country, and a part have they have killed by cruel tortures. They have either destroyed the churches of God or appropriated them for the rites of their own religion. They destroy the altars, after having defiled them with their uncleanness.... The kingdom of the Greeks is now dismembered by them and has been deprived of territory so vast in extent that it could be traversed in two months' time.
On whom, therefore, is the labor of avenging these wrongs and of recovering this territory incumbent, if not upon you, you upon whom, above all other nations, God has conferred remarkable glory in arms, great courage, bodily activity, and strength to humble the heads of those who resist you? Let the deeds of your ancestors encourage you and incite your minds to manly achievements:—the greatness of King Charlemagne, and of his son Louis, and of your other monarchs, who have destroyed the kingdoms of the Turks and have extended the sway of Church over lands previously possessed by the pagan. Let the holy sepulcher of our Lord and Saviour, which is possessed by unclean nations, especially, arouse you, and the holy places which are now treated, with ignominy and irreverently polluted with the filth of the unclean. Oh, most valiant soldiers and descendants of invincible ancestors, do not degenerate; our progenitors, but recall the valor of your progenitors.
Analyze the relationship between expansion, conquest and cultural integration in The Nomadic Empires and Europe during the High Middle Ages.
Is there a point of view contained with this document? What would it be?
Excerpt from the Chronicles of Fulcher of Chartres on Latins in the East, c. 1127.
Consider, I pray, and reflect bow in our time God has transferred the West into the East, For we who were Occidentals now have been made Orientals. He who was a Roman or a Frank is now a Galilaean, or an inhabitant of Palestine. One who was a citizen of Rheims or of Chartres now has been made a citizen of Tyre or of Antioch. We have already forgotten the places of our birth; already they have become unknown to many of us, or, at least, are unmentioned. Some already possess here homes and servants which they have received through inheritance. Some have taken wives not merely of their own people, but Syrians, or Armenians, or even Saracens who have received the grace of baptism. Some have with them father-in-law, or daughter-in-law, or son-in-law, or stepson, or step-father. There are here, too, grandchildren and great-grandchildren. One cultivates vines, another the fields. The one and the other use mutually the speech and the idioms of the different languages. Different languages, now made common, become known to both races, and faith unites those whose forefathers were strangers. As it is written, "The lion and the ox shall eat straw together." Those who were strangers are now natives; and he who was a sojourner now has become a resident, Our parents and relatives from day to day come to join us, abandoning, even though reluctantly, all that they possess. For those who were poor there, here God makes rich. Those who had few coins, here possess countless besants; and those who had not had a villa, here, by the gift of God, already possess a city. Therefore why should one who has found the East so favorable return to the West? God does not wish those to suffer want who, carrying their crosses, have vowed to follow Him, nay even unto the end. You see, therefore, that this is a great miracle, and one which must greatly astonish the whole world. Who has ever heard anything like it? Therefore, God wishes to enrich us all and to draw us to Himself as His most dear friends. And because He wishes it, we also freely desire the same; and what is pleasing to Him we do with a loving and submissive heart, that with Him we may reign happily throughout eternity.
Analyze the relationship between expansion, conquest and cultural integration in The Nomadic Empires and Europe during the High Middle Ages.
Is there a point of view contained with this document? What would it be?
Document 4. Khubilai Khan with the Polos (c. 1413)
Illuminated manuscript image of Khubilai Khan and Marco Polo.
Analyze the relationship between expansion, conquest and cultural integration in The Nomadic Empires and Europe during the High Middle Ages.
Is there a point of view contained with this document? What would it be?
Document #6- Chapter 28: The Spoils Taken By the Christians
This may seem strange to you. Our squires and poorer footmen discovered a trick of the Saracens, for they learned that they could find byzants [note: a gold coin] in the stomachs and intestines of the dead Saracens, who had swallowed them. Thus, after several days they burned a great heap of dead bodies, that they might more easily get the precious metal from the ashes. Moreover, Tancred broke into the temple of the Lord and most wrongfully stole much gold and silver, also precious stones, but later, repenting of his action, after everything had been accounted for, be restored all to its former place of sanctity.
The carnage over, the crusaders entered the houses and took whatever they found in them. However, this was all done in such a sensible manner that whoever entered a house first received no injury from any one else, whether he was rich or poor. Even though the house was a palace, whatever he found there was his property. Thus many poor men became rich.
Afterward, all, clergy and laymen, went to the Sepulcher of the Lord and His glorious temple, singing the ninth chant. With fitting humility, they repeated prayers and made their offering at the holy places that they had long desired to visit. . . .
It was the eleven hundredth year of our Lord, if you subtract one, when the people of Gaul took the city. It was the 15th day of July when the Franks in their might captured the city. It was the eleven hundredth year minus one after the birth of our Lord, the 15th day of July in the two hundred and eighty-fifth year after the death of Charles the Great and the twelfth year after the death of William I of England.
Source:
Fulk (or Fulcher) of Chartres, Gesta Francorum Jerusalem Expugnantium [The Deeds of the Franks Who Attacked Jerusalem], in Frederick Duncan and August C. Krey, eds., Parallel Source Problems in Medieval History (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1912), pp. 109-115. [Chapter headings added for the etext version to match the more modern translation - Fulk of Chartres, A History of the Expedition to Jerusalem, trans. Frances Rita Ryan, (Nashville: University of Tennesee Press, 1969)]Analyze the relationship between expansion, conquest and cultural
integration in The Nomadic Empires and Europe during the High Middle Ages.
Is there a point of view contained with this document? What would it be?
Document #7 James I of Aragon: Improvement of Harbor Facilities in Barcelona, 1243
King James made an effort to improve the shipping facilities of Barcelona and to protect the interests of the seafaring men.
James, by the grace of God, King of Aragon, Majorca, and Valencia, Count of Barcelona and Urgell, and Lord of Montpellier. Be it known to all that because the citizens of Barcelona do daily improve, by God's grace, by reason of their activity in shipping, we have desired to increase their wealth and to improve the town for our benefit.
Therefore we have decreed, granted, and firmly ordained that for the future, from Arazana in the west as far as the new building which Bernard Olzeto has made in the east, and from the sea itself as far as the houses which are constructed of rock or limestone, no one shall dare to construct houses, residences, workshops, shops, or any other kind of building, big or little, nor shall any one have his place or court there; but the whole part is set aside for common use for making, placing, and maintaining ships and other small boats there. Nor shall any one on account of any acquisition made, or to be made, by us or ours, or on account of long standing use, have within the said place a shop, house, or other building, or any place or court of his own. And if any house or shop or other building should be made within the confines of that area, we wish and grant that without petition to us, such buildings may be destroyed and utterly demolished without any penalty, civil or criminal, so that no one may continue to reside there at all.
Done at Barcelona on the ninth of September, in the year of the Lord 1243. Seals, etc.
Source.
From: A. de Capmany, ed., Memorias Sobre la Marina, Comercio, y Artes de la Antigua Ciudad de Barcelona, (Madrid, 1779-92), Vol. II, p. 18; reprinted in Roy C. Cave & Herbert H. Coulson, eds.,A Source Book for
Medieval Economic History, (Milwaukee: The Bruce Publishing Co., 1936; reprint ed., New York: Biblo & Tannen, 1965), pp. 158-159.
Scanned by Jerome S. Arkenberg, Cal. State Fullerton. The text has been modernized by Prof. Arkenberg.
Analyze the relationship between expansion, conquest and cultural integration in The Nomadic Empires and Europe during the High Middle Ages.
Is there a point of view contained with this document? What would it be?
Document #8 An Account of the Goods of a Captured Caravan, 1192
The capture of a caravan by King Richard reveals the variety and quantity of goods transported by camels, dromedaries, horses, and asses from Asia to Europe in the twelfth century, and during all the Crusades.
By this defeat the pride of the Turks was entirely cast down, and their boldness effectually repressed; whilst the caravan, with all its riches, became the spoil of the victors. Its guards surrendered to our soldiers themselves, their beasts of burden, and sumpter horses; and stretching forth their hands in supplication, they im plored for mercy, on condition only that their lives should be spared. They led the yoked horses and camels by the halter, and offered them to our men, and they brought mules loaded with spices of different kinds, and of great value; gold and silver; cloaks of silk; purple and scarlet robes, and variously-ornamented apparel, besides arms and weapons of divers forms; coats of mail, commonly called gasiganz; costly cushions, pavilions, tents, biscuit, bread. barley, grain, meal, and a large quantity of conserves and medicines; basins, bladders, chess-boards; silver dishes and candlesticks; pepper, cinnamon, sugar, and wax; and other valuables of choice and various kinds; an immense sum of money, and an incalculable quantity of goods, such as had never before (as we have said) been taken at one and the same time, in any former battle.
Source:
From: Geoffrey de Vinsauf's Itinerary of Richard I and Others, to the Holy Land, translation inChronicles of the Crusades, ed. H. G. Bohn, (London, 1848), p. 307, reprinted in Roy C. Cave & Herbert H. Coulson, A Source Book for Medieval Economic History, (Milwaukee: The Bruce Publishing Co., 1936; reprint ed., New York: Biblo & Tannen, 1965), p. 155.
Analyze the relationship between expansion, conquest and cultural integration in The Nomadic Empires and Europe during the High Middle Ages.
Is there a point of view contained with this document? What would it be?
Document #9- The Fall of Constantinople, 1453 - Scene from the battle defending Constantinople, Paris 1499
Analyze the relationship between expansion, conquest and cultural integration in The Nomadic Empires and Europe during the High Middle Ages.
Is there a point of view contained with this document? What would it be?
Document # 10 The Liberation of Constantinople
Narrated `Abdullah Bin Bashar Al Khath`amy according to his father that he heard the prophet (peace and blessings upon him) saying: "You will liberate Constantinople, blessed is the Amir who is its Amir, and blessed is the army,
that army." (narrated by Imam Ahmad)
The Military Prowess
With the new morn, the sultan ordered the setting up of his secret weapon which he had invented himself, which is a giant mobile tower, higher than the walls of the city accommodating hundreds of soldiers. This struck fear amongst the Bizantines leading them to believe that the Muslims were using demons in their battles. After the Muslims broke the middle walls, the defenders were able to destroy the moving towers by throwing chemicals at them. However, the resistance of the city began to weaken, while nightfall had left the Bizantines filled with fear leading them to spend their night in their churches praying their Lord to send to their aid the blue angels to save Constantinople from the Muslims. Whilst the sultan spent his night motivating his armies reminding them of the hadith of the messenger (s.a.w.), and praying for victory from Allah.
Entering The City As soon as the new morn came, the soldiers began their general attack. The Muslims began to erect towers and ladders and to cast projectiles at the inner walls of the city. However, the forts of the city and the desperate defense of its army delayed its liberation, and thousands of Muslim soldiers fell martyrs. When the sultan saw the size of his loss, he ordered the foot soldiers to withdraw. whilst he also ordered a continuation of the bombardment until midday, when he ordered a complete attack and stirred them to this. The Muslim army attacked and some of the Mujahideen were able to enter the city, the first to enter it was the Mujahid Hasan Ulu Badi with thirty of his brothers, however, the arrows rained on them from every side, and they were all martyred, the Muslims then began to retreat, and they almost began to flee.
The Importance of The Leader in The Battle
At this came the essential role of the leader in the battle as the sultan stood and spoke to his soldiers taking example from the messenger of Allah (s.a.w.) during the battle of Uhud giving an example of bravery in a few words, saying: "my sons, here I am ready for death in the path of Allah, so whoever desires martyrdom, let him follow me. Then the Muslims followed their leader like the flood from the dam tearing down the obstacles of Kufr until they entered the city and raised therein the word of monotheism... In this manner fell the city of Heracle which stood stubbornly in front of the Muslims for eight centuries... So they entered it erasing the Bizantine government opening the doors of Europe for the call of Islam. They recorded a white page in our history, realising the promise of the messenger of Allah (s.a.w.) as when he was asked which of the two cities would be liberated first, Constantinople or Rome, he said: "The city of Heracle (i.e. Constantinople) would be liberated first." [Ahmad, authenticated by Al Albany].
By Br. Muhammad El-Halaby
Analyze the relationship between expansion, conquest and cultural integration in The Nomadic Empires and Europe during the High Middle Ages.
Is there a point of view contained with this document? What would it be?
Document 11. Clavijo to Tamerlane (c. 1403)
Ruy Gonzalez de Clavijo of Spain visits Emperor Tamerlane at his court in Samarkand.
Those lords now conducting us began by placing us in a seat below that of one who it appeared was the ambassador of Chays Khan, the emperor of Cathay. Now this ambassador had lately come to Timur to demand of him the tribute, said to be due to his master, and which Timur year by year had formerly paid. His Highness at this moment noticed that we, the Spanish ambassadors, were being given a seat below that of this envoy from the Chinese Emperor, whereupon he sent word ordering that we should be put above, and that other envoy below. Then no sooner had we been thus seated than one of those lords came forward, as from Timur, and addressing that envoy from Cathay publicly proclaimed that his Highness had sent him to inform this Chinaman that the ambassadors of the King of Spain, the good friend of Timur and his son, must indeed take place above him who was the envoy of a robber and a bad man the enemy of Timur, and that he his envoy must sit below us: and if only God were willing, he Timur would before long see to and dispose matters so that never again would any Chinaman dare come with such an embassy as this man had brought. Thus it came about that later at all times during the feasts and festivities to which his Highness invited us, he always gave command that we should have the upper place. Further on the present occasion, no sooner had his Highness thus disposed as to how we were to be seated, than he ordered our dragoman to interpret and explain to us the injunction given in our behalf. This Emperor of China, as we have said, is called Chays Khan, a title which signifies Emperor of Nine Empires, but the Tartars call him Tanguz, a name given in mockery, for this with them is as who would say the Pig Emperor. He is however the Emperor ruling an immense realm, and of old Timur had been forced to pay him tribute: though now as we learnt he is no longer willing, and will pay nothing to that Emperor.
To return however to what was going forward; no sooner had we thus all been duly seated, namely together with us Spaniards also diverse envoys come from many other countries, with the grandees otherwise present, than the attendants began to bring up viands for the feast. These consisted of a quantity of mutton, roast, boiled and in stews, also horse-meat roasted....
On Monday the 6th of October Timur gave orders for a grand feast to be made at his camp in the Horde, and this same is known as the Royal Camp. To this feast his Highness had invited all his wives and the members of his family, namely his sons and grandsons at that time resident with him together with their wives. Further the lords who were of the court all were bidden, as also all those chiefs who were in the various encampments stationed round and about the city, these having been brought in by special command. As regards us ambassadors we were that day taken over to the Horde, and in the great camp we found they had erected an innumerable number of extra tents all very beautiful to see, and for the most part these were erected on the bank beside the river.
Analyze the relationship between expansion, conquest and cultural integration in The Nomadic Empires and Europe during the High Middle Ages.
Is there a point of view contained with this document? What would it be?
Document #12- How far the Mongols had come by 1259
