Date post: | 20-Dec-2015 |
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Documents |
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Aspects of Document Design Font/typography Color Graphics Layout Paper/media White space Symbols Size
Terms for Typography
Font—all sizes of a one type (originally just caps and lowercase)
Family—all fonts belonging to a group (Arial, Arial Black, Arial Narrow)
Weight—amount of vertical thickness (Extra Light, Light, Book, Medium, Semi-bold, Bold, Extra Bold and Black)
Kerning—adjusting space between letters (AV or To)
Tracking—adjusting space among words on a line
Additional Terms
Pica-1/6 of an inch Point-1/12 of a Pica, 1/72 of an inch Ascenders & Descenders Serif and Sans serif and Display fonts
Rules for Typeface
Use fonts of just 1 typeface If you mix them, be consistent (headings vs.
body text, e.g.) Use italics, bold, and underline sparingly Choose 10-12 points for body text Make heading 2 points larger Double space between headings and body Larger type for slides
The ‘Rule of Three’
« Between one section of text and another try to limit your changes to no more than three… »
ExampleHeading 1: Arial Black, 15 Point, Green,
Left aligned
Heading 2: Arial, 13 pt, Red, left alignedor
Heading 2: Arial, 13 pt, italics, Green, Left-aligned
NOTHeading 2: Brush Script, 13 pt, underlined,
red, left aligned
FLORENCEScarl
et
Williams, Robin. The Non-Designer’s Design Book. (Berkeley CA: PeachPit Press, 2004) 164.
What do Headings do for us?
Orients reader Indicates importance of information Allow navigation Helps create tables of contents Makes reading/scanning easier
Aspects of Page Layout
Define a visual hierarchy Keep in mind the natural direction of the eye Create areas of emphasis (text emphasis
should match rhetorical emphasis) Use white space and margins Use lists, tables, boxes, columns Use consistent layout across pages
Principles of Text Blocking
Information serving the same purpose should look the same
Position determines importance Empty space emphasizes text
Pitfalls to Avoid (slide 1) inappropriate column and margin spacing
(size margins and space between columns proportionately)
trapped white space or holes in publications with neither graphics nor text
overstuffed pages (tiny type, lots of fonts and too many graphics)
headlines that are too small to stand out from the rest of the text or that are so large that the text fades into the background altogether
Pitfalls to Avoid (slide 2)
floating elements (headings or pictures with equal amounts of white space around them so that they are not connected to any text or caption)
copy-filled pages (short documents, like pamphlets or presentation slides with too much text)
inconsistent design for similar elements widows and orphans
(source: Roger Parker's Looking Good in Print, Ventana Press, 1993)
What do style sheets/guides do? Consistent ‘look’ of document Protects company/organization’s ‘image’ Keeps consistent terminology Unifies aspects of writing (punctuation,
capitalization, spelling) Manage use of logos and symbols