DOCUMENT RESUME ED 060 593 EC 041 543 TITLE Characteristics of Hearing Impaired Students Under Six Years of Age, United States: 1969-70. INSTITUTION Gallaudet Coll., Washington, D.C. Offibe of Demographic Studies. PUB DATE Feb 72 NOTE 49o.; Series D, Number 7 EDRS PRICE MF-$0.65 HC-$3.29 DESCRIPTORS Age Groups; *Aurally Handicapped; *Educational Programs; Hearing Loss; *National Surveys; *Preschool Children; *Statistical Data ABSTRACT Data from the Annual Survey of Hearing Impaired Children and Youth are given on the characteristics of approximately 6,400 students under 6 years of age enrolled in special education programs for the hearing impaired during the 1969-70 school year. Statistical tables describe the age, sex, and hearing threshold levels (better ear averages) of the children. Also provided is information concerning type and size of educational programs attended, age at onset of hearing loss, age started education, and whether parents are receiving training to assist in the education of their children. (KW)
Transcript
DOCUMENT RESUME
ED 060 593 EC 041 543
TITLE Characteristics of Hearing Impaired Students UnderSix Years of Age, United States: 1969-70.
EDRS PRICE MF-$0.65 HC-$3.29DESCRIPTORS Age Groups; *Aurally Handicapped; *Educational
Programs; Hearing Loss; *National Surveys; *PreschoolChildren; *Statistical Data
ABSTRACTData from the Annual Survey of Hearing Impaired
Children and Youth are given on the characteristics of approximately6,400 students under 6 years of age enrolled in special educationprograms for the hearing impaired during the 1969-70 school year.Statistical tables describe the age, sex, and hearing thresholdlevels (better ear averages) of the children. Also provided isinformation concerning type and size of educational programsattended, age at onset of hearing loss, age started education, andwhether parents are receiving training to assist in the education oftheir children. (KW)
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This research was supported by a grant from the Office of Education, U.S.Department of Health, Education & Welfare. Contractors undertaking such projectsunder Government sponsorship are encouraged to express freely their professionaljudgement in the conduct of the project. Points of view or opinions stated do not,therefore, necessarily represent official Office of Education position or policy.
OFFICE OF DEMOGRAPHIC STUDIESPublication Series D Number 7
For Sale by Gallaudet College Book StoreWashington, D.C. 20002 Price One Dollar
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOG CARD NUMBER 74-98885
2,4
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH.EDUCATION & WELFAREOFFICE OF EDUCATION
THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRO-DUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROMTHE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIG-INATING IT. POINTS OF VIEW OR OPIN-IONS STATED DO NOT NECESSARILYREPRESENT OFFICIAL OFFICE OF EDU-CATION POSITION OR POLICY.
DATA FROM THEANNUAL SURVEY OF HEARINGIMPAIRED CHILDREN AND YOUTH
CHARACTERISTICS OF
HEARING IMPAIRED STUDENTSUNDER SIX YEARS OF AGE
UNITED STATES: 1969-70
SERIES DNUMBER 7
Age, sex, hearing threshold levels, type and size of educational programs attended, agestarted education, age at onset of hearing loss and parent training for approximately6,400 students under six years of age enrolled in participating special educationalprograms for the hearing impaired during the 1969-70 school year.
OFFICE OF DEMOGRAPHIC STUDIESGALLAUDET COLLEGE
Washington, D.C. February 1972
a
GALLAUDET COLLEGE
Edward C. Merrill, Jr., Ph.D., PresidentJohn S. Schuchman, Ph.D., Dean
OFFICE OF DEMOGRAPHIC STUDIES
Augustine Gentile, DirectorPeter Ries, Acting Deputy Director
SENIOR STAFF MEMBERS
Sal DiFrancesca, Ph.D., Research PsychologistNeil Murphy, Statistical Analyst
Brenda Rawlings, Statistical AnalystPatricia Voneiff, Statistical Analyst
Sally Wagner, Administrative Assistant
-WILE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
Acknowledgements
Abstract vi
Introduction 1
Sources of the Data 2
Qualifications and Limitations of the Data 2
Discussion of the Data 3
Summary 15
Detailed Tables
Table 1: Number of Students Under Six Years of Age Enrolled in ParticipatingSpecial Educational Programs for the Hearing Impaired by HearingThreshold Levels and Sex, According to Age: United States, 1969-70School Year 18
Table 2: Number of Students Under Six Years of Age Enrolled in ParticipatingSpecial Educational Programs for the Hearing Impaired by HearingThreshold Levels and Age, According to Type of Program: United States,1969-70 School Year 19
Table 3: Number of Students Under Six Years of Age Enrolled in ParticipatingSpecial Educational Programs for the Hearing Impaired by Type ofProgram, According to the Type of Training Session: United States,1969-70 School Year 20
Table 4: Number of Students Under Six Years of Age Enrolled in ParticipatingSpecial Educational Programs for the Hearing Impaired by Type ofProgram, According to Number of Hours of Training Per Week: UnitedStates, 1969-70 School Year 21
Table 5: Number of Students Under Six Years of Age Enrolled in ParticipatingSpecial Educational Programs for the Hearing Impaired by HearingThreshold Levels and Age, According to Number of Hours of Training PerWeek: United States, 1969-70 School Year 22
Table 6: Number of Students Under Six Years of Age Enrolled in ParticipatingSpecial Educational Programs for the Hearing Impaired by HearingThreshold Levels and Age, According to Size of Program: United States,1969-70 School Year 23
Table 7: Number of Students Under Six Years of Age Enrolled in ParticipatingSpecial Educational Programs for the Hearing Impaired by HearingThreshold Levels and Age, According to Age Started Education: UnitedStates, 1969-70 School Year 24
Table 8: Number of Students Under Six Years of Age Enrolled in ParticipatingSpecial Educational Programs for the Hearing Impaired by HearingThreshold Levels and Age, According to Age at Onset of Hearing Loss:United States, 1969-70 School Year 25
Table 9: Number of Students Under Six Years of Age Enrolled in ParticipatingSpecial Educational Programs for the Hearing Impaired by Age at Onset ofHearing Loss, According to Parent Training: United States, 1969-70School Year 26
Table 10: Number of Students Under Six Years of Age Enrolled in ParticipatingSpecial Educational Programs for the Hearing Impaired by HearingThreshold Levels, According to Parent Training: United States, 1969-70School Year 26
Appendices
Appendix I:
Appendix II:
Appendix II I:
Description of the Annual Survey of Hearing Impaired Children andYouth 28
Data Form Used for Students Under Six Years of Age in the AnnualSurvey for the 1969-70 School Year 31
Programs Participating in the Annual Survey of Hearing ImpairedChildren and Youth 33
Acknowledgments
No one ever writes a publication such as this all by himself; a long list of people have made thisreport possible.
Grateful acknowledgement is made to all those program administrators, audiologists, teachers,secretaries and others who give of their time and talent to provide the Annual Survey with the datafor these publications. The names of the programs that have participated in the Annual Survey ofHearing Impaired Children and Youth appear in Appendix III.
The author recognizes and credits the National Advisory Committee whose advice continuallyhas guided the Survey. The members of the committee are listed below:
National Advisory CommitteeKenneth R. Mangan, Ed.D., Chairman
Nona L BurrowsEdward CarneyAlbert W. DouglasGeorge W. FellendorfRobert Frisina, Ph.D.Bany L GriffingJohn D. Harrington, Ph.D.Lloyd A. HarrisonMarshall S. Hester, Litt.D.Robert T. KennedyJames A. little
William McClure, Ph.D.Freeman McConnell, Ph.D.Lawrence Murphy, Rev.Walter E. Nance, M.D., Ph.D.Jerome Schein, Ph.D.Frederick C. SchrefoerRoy Stelle, LittD.William C. Stokoe, Jr., Ph.D.Armin G. Turechek, Ph.D.Geno Vescovi, Ph.D.
Finally, we acknowledge the efforts of the personnel of the Office of Demographic Studies.Their diligent effort: have proven invaluable to this publication and to the Annual Survey generally.In particular, we would lilce to express our gratitude to the following staff members: SauliusSuziedelis, Mary Clare Wehner and Carol Hodge.
Neil J. MurphyAugustine GentileWashington, D.C.February, 1972
ABSTRACT
Data on the characteristics of approximately 6,400 students under six years of age enrolled inspecial educational programs for the hearing impaired during the 1969-70 school year are containedin this publication.. These data were collected as part of the Annual Survey of Hearing ImpairedChildren and Youth. Statistical tables and summaries are presented depicting the age, sex and hearingthreshold levels (better ear averages) of these preschool children. In addition, information is providedabout the type and size of educational programs attended by the students, age at onset of hearingloss, age started education and whether or not the parents of these students are receiving training toassist in the education of their children.
Based on records for which information was available, five year old children account for almost55 percent of the 6,378 students; these data indicate also that 55 percent had a hearing thresholdlevel of 85 decibels or higher; the age at onset of hearing loss occurred at birth for 90 percent of thegroup. The data also show that almost 50 percent of the students were enrolled in "Day Classes forthe Hearing Impaired," and 40 percent were in "Residential or Day School" programs. Almost 50percent of these students attended school 16 hours or more a week and about 40 percent began theireducation rior to age three. It is also shown that approximately 50 percent of the students' parentswere receiving some training related to their child's hearing loss.
Conducted by the Office of Demographic Studies at Gallaudet College, the Annual Survey ofHearing Impaired Children and Youth receives the major portion of its funds from the Division ofResearch, Bureau of Education for the Handicapped, Department of Health, Education and Welfare.The program has been established to collect, process and disseminate data on Fearing impairedchildren and youth from birth through college age in the United States.
vi
Characteristics
of Hearing Impaired Students Under Six Years of Age
United States: 1969-70
Neil J. Murphy
INTRODUCTIONPresented ki this publication are data collected
by the Annual Survey of Hearing Impaired Childrenand Youth on about 6,409 hearing impaired studentsunder the age of six years. This publication is the firstto be prepared from data collected by the AnnualSurvey of Hearing Impaired Children and Youth thatconcerns itself exclusively with children in this agegroup. This particular age grouping has been singledout for publication due to the _increasing emphasis onpreschool programs for hearing impaired children.These students were enrolled in special educationalprograms throughout the United States for the1969-70 school year. During this interval, data werecollected on 35,285 hearing impaired students frombirth through college age enrolled in educationalprograms for the hearing impaired. This report dealsonly with those hearing impaired students (18 per-cent of the 35,285 students) who were under the age
of six years as of December 31, 1969. The character-istics described herein include: age and sex ofstudents, hearing threshold levels, age at onset ofhearing loss, age started educational training, parenttraining, the types and sizes of educational programsattended by these students and the number of hoursper week they received educational services.
The Annual Survey of Hearing ImpairedChildren and Youth is currently in its fourth year ofoperation. This Survey is a continuing program aimedat providing information that may be used to improveeducational opportunities for the hearing impaired.Gallaudet College and the Division of Research,Bureau of Education for the Handicapped, Dwart-ment of Health, Education and Welfare are spOnsor-ing the Survey program. Conducted by the Office ofDemographic Studies at Gallaudet College, the pur-poses of the Annual Survey are detailed further inAppendix I of this publication.
1
SOURCES OF THE DATA
During the 1969-70 scholastic year, the AnnualSurvey directed its data collection activities towardsall known special educational programs for the hear-ing impaired. A total of 570 special educational pro-grams were invited to participate in the Survey. Ofthe 570 programs asked to participate, 435 (approxi-mately 76 percent) participated. In all, records werereceived for 35,285 students. This amounted to 80percent of the estimated enrollment in the 570 pro-grams invited to participate in the Annual Survey.The records on which the information in this report isbased were received from all types and sizes of educa-tional programs serving the preschool-age hearingimpaired child. Appendix III identifies the programsthat participated in the Survey for 'the 1969-70school year. Ap::oximately four-fifths of theseschools had one or more students under six years ofage enrolled in their programs.
As indicated, records were obtained for 35,285students during the 1969-70 school year. Of thistotal, 6,378 (18.1 percent) were students under sixyears of age (Table A). This report describes thecharacteristics of these preschool-age students.
The basic Survey questionnaire used to collectdata on children under six years of age is reproducedin Appendix II. This two page questionnaire (ACHIC-4) contained eight topics, most of which had severalsub-items. These topics were selected on the basis ofavailability of the information and the potentialutility of the data to researchers and other profession-al persons involved in the education of the hearingimpaired.
TABLE A: Number and percentage distribution ofstudents under six years of age and sixyears of age and over, enrolled in par-ticipating special educational programsfor the hearing impaired: United States,1969-70 school year
Age Number . Percent
All Ages 35,285 100.0
Under 6 years
6 years & over
6,378
28,907
18.1
81.9
2
QUALIFICATIONS AND LIMITATIONSOF THE DATA
To correctly use and interpret the data con-tained herein, one must consider the qualificationsand limitations of the data. Based on informationavailable to the Survey, the 6,378 students on whomdata in this report are provided, represent about 80percent of all hearing impaired students under sixyears of age receiving formal educational instructionfrom programs known to the Survey during the1969-70 data collection period. Since that time theSurvey has learned of other programs that wereproviding educational services to hearing impairedstudents under six years of age during the 1969-70school year. Based on this later information, it isestimated that this report describes about 65 percentof all these children in preschool programs.
In some instances particular items of informa-tion requested were not . supplied because the in-formation was unavailable or unknown to partici-pating school programs. When information for aparticular characteristic is not reported to the AnnualSurvey for a large percentage of preschool children, itis difficult to know the true distribution of thecharacteristic. In this report the variables describingbetter ear average, age started education and parenttraining are of particular concern due to the relativelyhigh rate of rion-reporting.
Table B indicates for the variables shown in thisreport the percentage of records for which data werenot reported or were not usable. In almost all in-stances information on size and type of program, ageand sex of the students was available. In relativelyfew instances age was estimated and sex determinedby utilizing other inforniation on the records, e.g.,the number of years in school and the name of thestudent. Specific comments about non-reporting ratesfor each variable are made in the discussion of thedata which follows. Also noted are the methods usedto summarize, classify and code data. These commentsshould be caiefully reviewed. In spite of the limita-tions noted here and in later sections, it is believedthat the data presented in the tables are of sufficientreliability to be of interest and value to professionalpersoni involved in auditory examinations and educa-tional training of hearing impaired preschoolstudents.
TABLE B: Percentage of records for students undersix years of age for which data forselected items were not reported or werenot usable: United States, 1969-70school year
Item
Percent of Recordsfor Which Data
Were Not Reportedor Were Not Usable
Agel
Sexl
Size of program1
Type of program1
Better ear average2
Number of hours per weekstudents are seen and typeof training session
Age at onset of hearing loss
Age started education
Parent training
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
42.7
12.5
11.8
19.3
24.6
1Data for these items were edited.
2Only 8.6 percent of the records did not report any audio-logical results, while 34.2 percent did not contain sufficientdata to permit computation of better ear averages.
DISCUSSION OF THE DATA
A description and definition of the characteris-tics under consideration and highlights of the data areprovided in this section. The detailed tables on whichthis discussion is based appear in a later section.
Age and Sex
Detailed Table 1 contains the distribution ofpreschool children by age, sex and hearing thresholdlevels. Of the total 6,378 students, 51.5 percent weremale students and 48.5 percent were female students(Table C). The sex distribution for students under sixyears of age is similar to the sex ratios for all hearingimpaired students enrolled in special educational pro-grams as reported by the Annual Survey in previouspublications.
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TABLE C: Number and percentage distribution ofstudents under six years of age enrolledin participating special educational pro-grams for the hearing impaired by sex:United States, 1969-70 school year
Sex Number Percent
Both Sexes 6,378 100.0
Males
Females
3,282
3,096
51.5
48.5
The age of students as used in this publicationis based on the chronological age of the child as ofDecember 31, 1969. In the discussion that follows,references to a particular age such as "3 years" meansthree years of age but not yet four, etc. Table Dshows that the 3,478 five year old students accountfor about 55 percent of the 6,378 children under sixyears of age. This age group accounted for approxi-mately 10 percent of the 35,285 students of all agesfor whom the Survey collected data. This relativelyhigh frequency of students at age five reflects, to alarge extent, the rubella epidemic of 1963 and 1964.
Of the 336 students under three years of age,shown in the tables in this report, seven children wereunder one year of age, 82 children were age one and247 children were two years of age.
Hearing Threshold Levels
Distributions of the hearing threshold levels ofpreschool children are given in this publication interms of better ear averages. These averages weredetermined by averaging puretone thresholds for thespeech range (500, 1000 and 2000 Hz) in the betterear. Better ear averages are given in decibels accordingto the ISO' standard. For the purposes of this publi-cation, any audiological data reported in the ASA2standard were converted to the ISO standard by add-ing 10 decibels to the ASA average.
In all, data were available to compute better earaverages for 3,652 students (57 percent). Informationon this item was not available for approximately 43percent of the students. Of this percentage, 8.6 per-cent did not report any audiological results while34.2 percent reported some fmdings but not enoughdata to compute a better ear average as specifiedabove. In detailed Table 1 the category "Unable to
1 international Organization for Standardization.
2American Standard Association.
3
TABLE D: Number and percentage distribution of students under six years of age enrolled in participatingspecial educational programs for the hearing impaired by age, according to sex: United States, 1969-70 school year
AgeBoth Sexes Males Females
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
All Ages 6,378 100.0 3,282 100.0 3,096 100.0
Under 3 years 336 5.3 174 5.3 162 5.2
3 years - under 4 years 699 11.0 370 11.3 329 10.6
4 years - under 5 years 1,865 29.2 951 29.0 914 29.5
5 years under 6 years 3,478 54.5 1,787 54.4 1,691 54.6
Compute" means that better ear averages could notbe determined by the Annual Survey because resultsfor one or more of the frequencies used to computethe average were not reported by the school. Thecategory "Data Not Reported" refers to those forwhom no audiological information was supplied. Insome tables these two categories are combined andreferred to as "Data Not Available".
Table E summarizes the number and percentageof students by hearing threshold levels according toage. As previously stated, better ear averages were notavailable for approximately 43 percent of all
students. However, this information was not availablefor 63 percent of students under three years of age.This could be due to the difficulty involved in givingan audiological examination to a younger child. Asthe ages of the students increased, the percentage ofdata not available decreased to 37 percent for fiveyear old children.
Table E also indicates that for each of the agegroups the category "85 dB and above" has thelargest percentage of children for whom a better earaverage could be computed.
If data for the categories "Unable to Compute"
TABLE E: Number and percentage distribution of students under six years of age enrolled in participatingspecial educational programs for the hearing impaired by hearing thmhold levels, according to age:United States, 1969-70 school year
Better Ear Averagesin Decibels
(IS0)1
TotalNumber
of StudentsUnder3 Years
Number Percent Number Percent
All Hearing Levels 6,378 100.0 336 100.0
Under 45dB 128 2.0 5 1.5
45 - 64dB 402 6.3 20 6.0
65 - 84dB 1,105 17.3 38 11.3
85dB & above 2,017 31.6 63 18.8
Data not available 2,726 42.7 210 62.5 1
A9e
3 Years -Under 4 Years
4 Years -Under 5 Years
5 Years -Under 6 Years
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
699 100.0 1,865 100.0 3,478 100.0
23 3.3 21 1.1 79 2.3
38 5.4 120 6.4 224 6.4
109 15.6 323 17.3 635
182 26.0 533 28.6 -1239 35.6
347 49.6 868 46.5 1,301 37.4
lAverage hearing threshold in better ear computed at 500, 1000, 2000 cycles per second.
4
12
and "Data Not Reported" are exclude(tion of hearing threshold levels for presican be seen in Chart 1 and Table F. Th(F also indicates that the distribuththreshold levels according to sex wassame for males and females.
CHART 1: Percentage distribution of stsix years of age enrolled iispecial educational progrhearing impaired by heatlevels: United States, 1969-.
Percentage
60-
50-
40
(30.3)
30-
20-
(11.0)
10-
(3.5)
0Under 45- 65-45dB 64dB 84dB
(552)
85dB 4Abovi
1 Omitted from the computation are 2,7:whom data on better ear averages werethe data were not usable.
2Average hearing threshold in better ear a1000, 2000 cycles per second.
uded, the distribu-preschool students, The data in Tablemition of hearingwas relatively the
of students1 undered in participatingIrograms for thehearing threshold)69-70 school year
BetterEar
Averagein Decibels
(IS0)2
idB &ibove
2,726 students forrere not reported or
er computed at 500,
TABLE F: Percentage distribution of students undersix years of age enrolled in participatingspecial educational programs for thehearing impaired by hearing thresholdlevels1, according to sex: United States,1969-70 school year
Better Ear Averagesin Decibels
(IS0)2BothSexes Males Females
All Hearing Levels 100.0 100.0 100.0
Under 45dB 3.5 4.0 3.0
45-64d B 11.0 11.4 10.6
65-84d B 30.3 29.9 30.7
85dB & above 55.2 54.8 55.7
1 Omitted from the computation are 2,726 students forwhom data on better ear averages were not reported orthe data were not usable.
2Average hearing threshold in better ear computed at 500,1000, 2000 cycles per second.
Type of Educational Program
Detailed Table 2 gives the age distribution andhearing threshold levels according to the type ofeducational program attended by students under sixyears of age who participated in the Survey for the1969-70 school year. Six categories are used todescribe the various types of programs attended bypreschool hearing impaired children. Each partici-pating school or agency was asked to select or writein the category that best described the type of pro-gram in which the child was enrolled. The category"Other" includes a variety of special educationalsituations which occurred very infrequently (1.7 per-cent) and consequently were not given a special cate-gory.
A percentage distribution of the types of pro-grams attended by the children is as follows:
Residential Schools for the Deaf 21.9%Day Schools for the Deaf 18.2% ,Classes for the Hearing Impaired 49.3%Schools for the Multiply Handicapped . 1.0%Speech and Hearing Clinics 8.0%Other 1.7%
Speech and Hearing Clinics are included by theSurvey as an educational program when the Speech
5
and Hearing Clinics offer an ongoing educational pro-'gram that students attend on a regular basis, if only forone or two hours per week. Speech and HearingClinics that provided speech therapy classes tostudents on an irregular basis are not considered aseducational programs for the purposes of the Survey.
Almost 50 percent of the students were en-rolled in Classes for the Hearing Impaired and anadditional 40 percent of the preschool hearing hn-paired children were enrolled in either ResidentialSchools (22 percent) or Day Schools (18 percent)during the 1969-70 school year.
Table 2 also presents the detailed age distribu-tion according to the type of program the studentattended. A percentage distribution by age accordingto type of program is shown in Table G. As can benoted in this table, for each age category the largestpercentage of students were enrolled in Classes forthe Hearing Impaired. However, it should be pointedout that for children under three years of age, theproportion of students that attended Classes for theHearing Impaired (38 percent) was almost the same asthe proportion that attended Speech and HearingClinics (37 percent).
The frequency distribution of better ear aver-ages according to the type of program attended is alsoshown in Table 2. A percentage distribution sum-marizing some of these data is contained in Table H.While almost 43 percent of the students' records werelacking the data necessary to compute a better earaverage, it can be seen that a relatively larger
percentage of students attending Residential Schoolshad hearing threshold levels of 85 decibels and aboveas compared to students enrolled in the other types s
of programs.
Type of Training Session
In addition to determining the type of educa-tional program in which preschool chrldren were en-rolled, the Survey obtained information about thetype of training session in which the child was seen,i.e., was the child seen individually or in a groupsession or in both an individual and group session.
Table 3 shows the number of students by typeof program and type of training session in which thestudent was enrolled. The non-response rate for typeof training session and hours per week was 12.5 per-cent or 796 students.
This table indicates that of the children forwhom the type of training session was reported, 371students or 7 percent were seen on an individual basisand 1,658 (30 percent) of the children were seen in agroup-type training session. Almost two-thirds (64percent) of the children received their educationalinstruction in both an individual and group session.For the 3,553 children who received both individualand group training, the Survey did not ascertain whatproportion of time the student spent in individualtraining sessions and in group sessions.
Table I gives the percentage distribution for thetypes of training session the student attended in each
TABLE G: Percentage distribution of students under six years of age enrolled in participating specialeducational programs for the hearing impaired by age, according to type of program attended: UnitedStates, 1969-70 school year
Age
Type of Program
AllPrograms
ResidentialSchoolsfor the
Deaf
DaySchoolsfor the
Deaf
Classesfor theHearingImpaired
Schoolsfor theMultiply
Handicapped
Speechand
HearingClinics Other
All Ages 100.0 21.9 18.2 49.3 1.0 8.0 1.7
Under 3 years 100.0 7.1 15.5 37.8 12 36.9 1.5
3 years under 4 years 100.0 9.4 17.5 56.9 1.1 13.3 1.7
4 years - under 5 years 100.0 19.4 14.9 57.5 .8 7.0 .5
5 years - under 6 years 100.0 27.1 20.4 44.5 .9 4.7 2.3
6
TABLE H: Percentage distribution of students under six years of age enrolled in participating specialeducational programs for the hearing impaired by hearing threshold levels, according to type ofprogram attended: United States, 1969-70 school year
Better EarAverages in
Decibels (ISO)1
Type of Program
AllPrograms
ResidentialSchoolsfor the
Deaf
DaySchoolsfor the
Deaf
Classesfor theHearingImpaired
Schoolsfor theMultiply
Handicapped
Speechand
HearingClinics Other
All Hearing Levels 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Under 45dB 2.0 .4 2.2 1.6 3.5 26.4
45 - 54dB 2.5 .6 1.6 3.5 2.2 10.4
55 - 64dB 3.8 1.6 3.3 4.5 3.4 6.5 5.7
65 - 74dB 7.3 5.6 5.9 8.1 5.2 9.6 11.3
75 - 84dB 10.0 8.4 10.4 10.4 5.2 11.7 10.4
85dB & above 31.6 43.8 34.1 27.6 13.8 24.3 9.4
Data not available 42.7 39.7 42.5 44.3 72.4 42.3 26.4
1Average hearing threshold in better ear computed at 500, 1000, 2000 cycles per second.
TABLE I: Percentage distribution of students under six years of age enrolled in participating specialeducational programs for the hearing impaired by type of program, according to type of trainingsession: United States, 1969-70 school year
Type of Program
Type of Training Session
AU Types1Individual
Training OnlyGroup Training
OnlyIndividual and
Group Training
All Programs 100.0 6.6 29.7 63.7
Residential schools for the deaf 100.0 2.0 23.4 74.6
Day schools for the deaf 100.0 2.0 47.5 50.5
Classes for the hearing impaired 100.0 4.5 24.4 71.2
Schools for the multiply handicapped 100.0 8.8 58.8 32.4
Speech & hearing clinics 100.0 33.0 36.1 30.9
Other 100.0 50.6 24.7 24.7
10mitted from the computation are 796 students for whom data on type of training session and number of hours of training werenot reported.
Is 7
type of educational program. It may be seen that inResidential and Day Schools for the Deaf vely fewchildren received individual training. In Residentialprograms about 25 percent of the children receivedgroup training only, and a little over 70 percentreceived both individual and group training. In DaySchools for the Deaf very few received individualtraining; about 48 percent received group trainingonly and about 50 percent received both individualand group training. Forty-two percent of the 371students who had individual training only wereenrolled in educational programs conducted bySpeech and Hearing Clinics. Table I shows that thepercentage of students enrolled in these Clinics isalmost equally divided between the three types oftraining sessions.
Number of Hours of Training Per Week
Table 4 gives in detail the number of studentsby type of program according to the number of hoursof training that the student received weekly. Omittedfrom the data for this particular table are the 371students who were enrolled in individual trainingsessions. Of these 371 students, 240 or 65 percentwere receiving one hour or less of individual trainingper week. An additional 73 students received twohours per week of training. For these 371 studentsthe average number of hours of training per weekwhich they received was one and one-half hours.
Table 4 shows that 2,477 students received 16hours or more of weekly educational training. Frominformation available in the basic records it is knownthat 2,074 of these students received 25 hours ormore of training per week. Children who attendedschool less than 16 hours per week could be con-sidered to be going to school for a half day, whilestudents who attended 16 hours and over could beconsidered full-time students. Thus, the 2,477 chil-dren who received 16 hours or more of weekly train-ing are treated in this discussion as full-time preschoolstudents.
Percentage distributions from the data in Table4 are shown in text Table J. Excluded from the tableare 796 students for whom the hours of training werenot reported and 371 students referred to earlier whoreceived individual training only. It may be notedthat almost half (47.5 percent) attended school 16hours or more a week (full-time students). In Resi-dential Schools the proportion attending full-timewas about 90 percent. In Day Schools a little less
8
than half (47.7 percent) attended full-time; in DayClass programs about 35 percent attended full-time,while in Speech and Hearing Clinics less than 9 per-cent attended full-time.
Detailed Table 5 shows the number of studentsby age and hearing threshold levels according to thenumber of hours of training per week. For studentsunder three years of age, 87 of the total 165 studentsfor whom the data were reported attended classes lessthan 10 hours per week. For the older children,exclusive of those for whom the data were notreported, the following percentages can be derivedfrom Table 5. For three year olds, 192 percentattended less than 10 hours per week and 223percent attended 16 hours or more (full-time); forfour year olds, 7.1 percent attended less than 10hours per week and 40.9 percent attended 16 hoursor more; and for five year olds, 63 percent attendedless than 10 hours, while 58.5 percent attended 16hours or more. As might be surmised, the youngerchildren generally had less hours of training per week.
Table K summarizes information from Table 5according to hearing threihold levels. Again, excludedfrom the percentage distribution in this table are the371 students who received individual training onlyand 796 students for whom hours of training werenot reported. As might be expected, the percentagesshow that the more severe the hearing loss the morehicely that the students were receiving more hours oftraining. The percentage of students who attendedclass full-time (16 or more hours per week) rangefrom about 16 percent for students with thresholdlevels under 45 decibels to about 57 percent for stu-dents with threshold levels at 85 decibels and above.
16
TABLE J: Percentage distribution of students under six years of age enrolled in participating specialeducational programs for the hearing impaired by type of program, according to number of hoursof training per week: United States, 1969-70 school year
Type of ProgramStudents?
Number of Hours of Training Per Week
Less Than10 Hours
10-12Hours
13-15Hours
16 Hoursor More
All Programs 100.0 9.4 17.5 25.6 47.5
Residential schools for the deaf 100.0 2.9 3.8 2.5 90.8
Day schools for the deaf 100.0 4.7 21.1 26.4 47.7
Classes for the hearing impaired 100.0 7.7 21.3 35.8 35.2
Schools for the multiply handicapped 100.0 32.3 6.5 58.1 3.2
Speech & hearing clinics 100.0 58.3 21.3 11.9 8.5
Other 100.0 15.0 17.5 42.5 25.0
1 Omitted from the computation are 796 students for whom data on type of training session and number of hours of trainingwere not reported. Also excludes 371 students who were receiving individual training only. On the average these 371 studentsreceived about 1% hours of training per week.
TABLE K: Percentage distribution of students under six years of age enrolled in participating specialeducational programs for the hearing impaired by hearing threshold levels, according to number ofhours of training per week: United States, 1969-70 school year
Better Ear Averagesin Decibels
(ISO)1All
Students2
Number of Hours of Training Per Week
Less Than10 Hours
10-12Hours
13-15Hours
16 Hoursand Over
All Hearing Levels 100.0 9.4 17.5 25.6 47.5
Under 45dB 100.0 20.9 29.1 33.7 16.3
45 - 64dB 100.0 112 26.7 29.4 32.3
65 - 84dB 100.0 8.7 17.3 30.3 43.8
85dB & above 100.0 7.4 14.8 20.9 56.8
Data not available 100.0 10.5 17.9 26.5 45.2
1 Average hearing threshold in better ear computed at 500, 1000, 2000 cycles per second.2Omitted from the computation are 796 students for whom data on type of training session and number of hours of training
were not reported. Also excludes 371 students who were receiving individual training only. On the average these 371 studentsreceived about 1% hours of training per week.
9
Size of Program
Detailed Table 6 presents the frequency distri-bution by age and hearing threshold levels accordingto the "Size of Program" attended by preschool hear-ing impaired students. The size of the program refersto the total number of hearing impaired students ofall ages enrolled in each participating program. Infor-mation on this variable was available for all students.
Table L indicates the percentage distribution byage of students in the various size programs. Thesepercentages indicate that generally the younger
students are attending educational programs that havea smaller enrollment of students relative to the olderpreschool-age children, e.g., 53 percent of the studentsunder three years of age were in programs with totalenrollment of under 41 students, whereas only 21percent of the five year olds were in programs of thatsize.
As indicated in text Table M, students withbetter ear averages of 85 dB and above constitutedthe largest proportion of students in all of the pro-grams. This percentage of students with more severelosses, however, was higher in the size categories of"201-300 students" and "301 students or more."
TABLE L: Percentage distribution of students under six years of age enrolled in participating special educationalprograms for the hearing impaired by hearing threshold levels, according to number of hours oftraining per week: United States, 1969-70 school year
Size ofProgram1
All Programs
Under 21students
21 to 40students
41 to 60students
61 to 100students.
101 to 200students
201 to 300students
301 studentsor more
AgeAll Ages
Under SixUnder3 Years
3 Years-Under 4 Years
4 Years-Under 5 Years
5 Years-Under 6 Years
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
11.8 29.2 19.7 10.8 9.1
14.0 23.8 18.9 15.0 11.5
10.7 16.7 15.2 12.8 8.1
12.8 6.8 16.2 15.7 11.1
21.7 6.8 16.2 23.3 23.4
14.0 4.5 7.7 11.2 17.7
15.1 12.2 6.2 11.3 19.1
1Size of program refers to the total number of hearing impaired students, of all ages, that were reported as enrolled in the participa-ting pm:gram.
10 18
TABLE M: Number and percentage distribution of students under six years' of age enrolled in participating specialeducational programs for the hearing impaired by size of program, according.to hearing threshold levels:United States, 1969-70 school year
Better Ear Averages in Decibels °SOP
Size of Program2
AH Programs
Under 21students
21 to 40students
41 to 60students
61 to 100students
101 to 200students
201 to 300students
301 studentsor more
All Hearing-Levels3 Under 45dB 45-64db 65-84dB 85dB Above
Number Percent Number Percent Number I Percent Number Percent Number Percent
lAverage hearing threshold in better ear computed at 500, 1000, 2000 cycles per second.
2size of program refers to the total number of hearing impaired students, of all ages, that were reported as enrolled in theparticipating program.
30mitted from the computation are 2,726 students for whom data on better ear averages were not reported or.the data were notusable.
Age Started Education
The reporting form used for the Survey ob-tained information on the age of the student when hefirst started his education. Table 7 indicates the hear-ing threshold level and the chronological age of thestudents, according to the age the student began hisspecial educational training. For this variable, infor-mation was not available for 1,233 of the studentsunder six years of age (19 percent of the total, 6,378students).
When the 1,233 students for whom "age startededucation" was not available are omitted from thecomputation, the percentage distribution for the re-maining students is as follows:
19
Started Education 1 Year of Age 11.1%Started Education 2 Years of Age 28.1%Started Education 3 Years of Age 35.9%Started Education 4 Years of Age 19.4%Started Education 5 Years of Age 5.4%
It is worth noting that almost 40 percent of thesepreschool students began their education prior to agethree (see Chart 2).
Summarized in Table N is the number of stu-dents by the student's chronological age according tothe age when he began his education. Ilighlighted inthis table is the fact that the majority of thesestudents began their education prior to the 1969-70school year. For example, only 278 of the 3,478 fiveyear olds (8 percent) were in their first year ofschool. Similarly only 269 of the 1,865 four year olds(14 percent) and 217 of 699 three year olds (31percent) were attending school for the first time.
11
CHART 2: Percentage distribution of studentil undersix years of age enrolled in participatingspecial educational programs for the hear-ing impaired by age started education
Percentage
40-
30
20-
10
0-1 .
Yearof
Age
(28.1)
2Years
ofAge
(35.9)
AttV
3YearsofAge
(19.4)
(5.4) AgeStartedEduce-tion1
4Yearsof
Age
5Yearsof
Age1 Omitted from the computation are 1,2 77. students forwhom data on age started education were ilot available.
Table 0 shows the percent distribution by hear-ing threshold level according to the age of the studentwhen he began his education. It can be seen from thistable that children who began their education at anearly age tended to have more severe hearing lossesthan children who started their education at a laterage. For example, 66 percent of the children whostarted at one year of age and for whom a better earaverage could be computed had a loss of 85 dB andabove, whereas only 37 percent of the children whostarted their special educational training at five yearsof age had a hearing loss of 85 dB and above.
Age at Onset
Table 8 presents data for age and hearingthreshold levels according to age at onset of the hear-ing loss. "Age at onset" as used in this report is de-fmed as the age at last birthday prior to the onset ofhearing loss. Therefore, a preschool student whoseage at onset was 2 years, 4 months is included in thecategory "Onset 1 Year, Less than 3 Years".
If the 753 students or 11.8 percent for whomthe age at onset of the hearing loss was not reportedare excluded from the tabulations, the distribution
TABLE N: Number of students under six years of age enrolled in participating special educational programs forthe hearing impaired by age, according to age started education: United States, 1969-70 schoolyear
Chronological Age Total Numberof Students
Age Started Education1 Year
ofAge
2 YearsofAge
3 YearsofAge
4 Yearsof
Age
5 YearsofAge
DataNot
Available
All Ages 6,378 573 1,449 1,848 997 278 1,233
Under 3 years 336 150 89 97
3 years-under4 years 699 92 265 217 125
4 years-under5 years 1,865 139 476 639 269 342
5 years-under6 years 3,478 192 619 992 728 278 669
12 20
TABLE 0: Percent distribution of students under six years of age enrolled in special educational programs forthe hearing impaired by hearing threshold levels, according to age started education: United States,1969-70 school year
Better EarAverages in
Decibels (ISO)1
AllStudents2
Age Started Education
1 Yearof Age
2 Yearsof Age
3 Yearsof Age
4 Yearsof Age
5 Yearsof Age
Data NotAvailable
All Hearing Levels 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Under 45dB 3.5 2.1 2.5 2.5 3.2 13.6 5.0
45 - 54dB 4.4 3.3 2.8 3.3 7.5 7.7 5.1
55 64dB 6.7 3.8 4.8 5.8 11.4 11.2 6.5
65 - 74dB 12.7 8.0 10.3 14.0 15.0 13.0 14.4
75 - 84dB 17.5 16.6 15.4 19.9 18.0 17.2 16.4
85dB & above 55.2 66.3 64.2 54.6 44.8 37.3 52.6
1Average hearing threshold in better ear computed at 500, 1000, 2000 cycles per second.2Omitted from the computation are 2,726 students for whom data on better ear averages were not reported or the data were not
usable.
would be as follows:
Onset at Birth 89.9%Onset Under 1 Year 4.2%Onset 1 Year, Less than 3 Years 5.0%Onset 3 Years & Over .8%
Thus, age at onset of hearing loss was reported asunder 1 year or at birth for over 94 percent of these
students. As seen in Table P, the age at onset wassimilar for these students regardless of chronologicalage at the time of the Survey.
Table Q shows that while 56 percent of thestudents with onsets at birth had an 85 dB loss andabove, only 38 percent of those with onsets at threeyears and. over had losses of 85 db and above.
TABLE P: Percentage distribution of students under six years of age enrolled in participating special educationalprograms for the hearing impaired by age, according to age at onset of hearing loss: United States,1969-70 school year
ChronologicalAge
Age at Onset of Hearing Loss
AllOnsets
AtBirth
Under 1Year
1 YearLess Than3 Years
3 Years& Over
Data NotAvailable
All Ages 100.0 79.3 3.7 4.4 .7 11.8
Under 3 years 100.0 77.7 6.0 6.5 9.8
3 years-under 4 years 100.0 75.5 4.3 7.3 12.6
4 years-under 5 years 100.0 79.4 3.8 4.0 .6 12.2
5 years-under 6 years 100.0 80.2 3.4 3.9 .9 11.6
21 13
TABLE Q: Percentage distribution of students under six years of age enrolled in participating special educationalprograms for the hearing impaired by hearing threshold levels, according to age at onset: United States,1969-70 school year
Better EarAverages in
Decibels (MO)1
Age at Onset of Hearing Loss
AllOnsets
AtBirth
Under1 Year
1 YearLess Than3 Years
3 Years& Over
Data NotAvailable
All Hearing Levels2 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Under 45dB 3.5 2.5 1.7 8.1 12.5 8.8
45 7 64dB 11.0 11.0 10.7 8.7 20.8 11.1
65 84 dB 30.3 30.5 20.7 29.5 29.2 31.7
85dB & above 55.2 55.9 66.9 53.7 37.5 48.4
1Average hearing threshold in better ear computed at 500, 1000, 2000 cycles per second.umitted from the computation are 2,726 students for whom data on better ear averages were not reported or the data were notusable.
Parent Training
The data collection form used in the Survey(Appendix II) contained two questions relating to thetraining of parents of hearing impaired students. TheSurvey asked if the parents of students were receivingany special training related to their child's hearingimpairment, and if so whether or not the training wasobtained through a correspondence course, a specialparent program, or both. The questions asked did notascertain whether one or both parents were receivingthe training.
Tables 9 and 10 show the distribution of thevariable "parent training" with age at onset of hearingloss and hearing threshold levels, respectively. Thenon-response rate for the "parent training" questionwas 25 percent of the total students. As indicated inboth of these tables, the parent or parents of 2,451students were receiving some form of parent training.There were 2,361 students whose parents were notreceiving any parent training.
With respect to the 2,451 students whoseparents received some parental training relating totheir child's hearing impairment, the following is ofnote:
Total StudentsWhose Parents Received Training . 2,451
Parents in Special Parent Program Only . 1,935
Parents in Both Special Parent ProgramAnd Correspondence Course 303
Parents in Correspondence Course Only... 213
14
Thus, almost 79 percent of those who were receivingtraining were found to be receiving training in aspecial parent program only, while approximately 9percent were receiving parental training only throughsome type of correspondence course. The other 12percent were found to be enrolled in both types ofprograms for training related to their child's hearingimpairment.
Table 9 shows the number distribution for ageat onset of hearing loss and parent training. This tabledemonstrates that at each age of onset the number ofstudents whose parents received either some form ofparental training or none was almost the same.
Table 10 shows the distribution of preschoolstudents enrolled in participating special educationalprograms by hearing threshold levels and parent train-ing. When the 1,566 students for whom informationon parental training was unknown or not reported areexcluded from the computation, Table R shows thatthe parents of 40 percent of the students receivedparental training when their child had a loss of under45 dB. The parents of almost 52 percent of thestudents were receiving some parental training whentheir child had a threshold level of 65 dB and above.
22
TABLE R: Number and percentage of students under six years of age enrolled in participating special educationalprograms for the hearing impaired by hearing threshold levels, according to parent training: UnitedStates, 1969-70 school year
Better EarAverages in
Decibels(IS0)1Students2
Some ParentalTraining
No ParentalTraining
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
All Hearing . _
Levels 4,812 100.0 2,451 50.9 2,361 49.1
Under 45dB 91 100.0 36 39.6 55 60.4
54-64dB 303 100.0 147 48.5 156 51.5
65-84dB 860 100.0 450 52.3 410 47.7
85dB & above 1,570 100.0 819 52.2 _ 751 47.8
Data Notavailable 1,988 100.0 999 50.3 989 49.7
1Average hearing threshold in better ear computed at 500, 1000, 2000 cyc es per second.2Omitted from the computation are 1,566 students for whom data on parental training were not available.
SUMMARY
Selected demographic characteristics of approxi-mately _6,400 preschool hearing impaired studentshave been presented. The sources of the data alongwith the qualifications and limitations of these datahave been presented and explained. Although thesepreschool students do not represent all preschool stu-dents, the data presented in this report can be con-sidered to be representative of hearing impairedstudents under six years of age. An important limita-tion of these data to be considered is the non-responserate on some of the variables.
The highlights of this report show the followingabout hearing impaired students under the age of sixparticipating in the Annual Survey for the 1969-70school year:
1. Five year old students accounted for approxi-mately 55 percent of all preschool students.
2. On those students for whom a better earaverage was obtained, 55 percent had a hearingthreshold level of85 dB and above.
3. Almost 50 percent of preschool students wereenrolled in Classes for the Hearing Impairedand 40 percent were attending Residential orDay Schools for the Deaf.
4. Almost one-half of the stuOcrits for whom dataon hours of training wer, reported attendedschool 16 hours or more a week. By the Survey
23
definition, these students are considered as full-time students.
5. Over 50 percent of the students under threeyears of age attended programs having enroll-ments under 41 students, while only 21 percentof the five year old children were in the samesize program.
6. It is to be noted that when the age the .childstarted his education was reported, almost 40percent of the students began their educationprior to age three.
7. Age at onset of hearing loss was reported to theSurvey as occurring under 1 year of age or atbirth for 94 percent of the students.
8. Where the data were reported, fifty percent ofthe students' parents were receiving some train-ing related to their children's hearing loss. Ofthese students' parents, 9 percent were enrolledin correspondence courses, 79 percent were re-ceiving training in a special parent program and12 percent were in both types of programs.
Increasing coverage and more complete informa-tion on preschool hearing impaired students continueto be sought by the Annual Survey. This report andothers like it seek to provide an insight and impetusfor more intensive studies among administrators,teachers and researchers so that they can continue toprovide a variety of professional services for the hear-ing impaired child.
15
".;.
TABLE 1:
LIST OF DETAILED TABLES
Number of Students Under Six Years of Age Enrolled in Participating Special Educa-tional Programs for the Hearing Impaired by Hearing Threshold Levels and Sex,According to Age: United States, 1969-70 School Year.
TABLE 2: Number of Students Under Six Years of Age Enrolled in Participating Special Educa-tional Programs for the Hearing Impaired by Hearing Threshold Levels and Age,According to Type of Program: United States, 1969-70 School Year.
TABLE 3: Number of Students Under Six Years of Age Enrolled in Participating Special Educa-tional Programs for the Hearing Impaired by Type of Program, According to the Typeof Training Session: United States, 1969-70 School Year.
TABLE 4: Number of Students Under Six Years of Age Enrolled In Participating Special Educa-tional Programs for the Hearing Impaired by Type of Program, According to Numberof Hours of Training Per Week: United States, 1969-70 School Year.
TABLE 5: Number of Students Under Six Years of Age Enrolled in Participating Special Educa-tional Programs for the Hearing Impaired by Hearing Threshold Levels and Age,According to Number of Hours of Training Per Week: United States, 1969-70 SchoolYear.
TABLE 6: Number of Students Under Six Years of Age Enrolled In Participating Special Educa-tional Programs for the Hearing Impaired by Hearing Threshold Levels and Age,According to Size of Program: United States, 1969-70 School Year.
TABLE 7: Number of Students Under Six Years of Age Enrolled in Participating Special Educa-tional Programs for the Hearing Impaired by Hearing Threshold Levels and Age,According to Age Started Education: United States, 1969-70 School Year.
TABLE 8: Number of Students Under Six Years of Age Enrolled in Participating Special Educa-tional Programs for the Hearing Impaired by Hearing Threshold Levels and Age,According to Age at Onset of Hearing Loss: United States, 1969-70 School Year.
TABLE 9: Number of Students Under Six Years of Age Enrolled in Participating Special Educa-tional Progams for the Hearing Impaired by Age at Onset of Hearing Loss, Accordingto Parent Training- United States, 1969-70 School Year.
TABLE 10: Number of Students Under Six Years of Age Enrolled in Participating Special Educa-tional Programs for the Hearing Impaired by Hearing Threshold Levels, According toParent Training: United States, 1969-70 School Year.
24 17
TABLE 1: NUMBER OF STUDENTS UNDER SIX YEARS OF AGE ENROLLED IN PARTICIPATING SPECIAL EDUCATIONALPROGRAMS FOR THE HEARING IMPAIRED BY HEARING THRESHOLD LEVELS AND SEX, ACCORDING TO AGE:UNITED STATES, 1969-70 SCHOOL YEAR.
95dB and Above 695 22 58 177 438Unable to Compute 1,091 77 138 348 528Data Not Reported 293 23 34 102 134
,
1 Average hearing threshold in better ear computed at 500, 1000, 2000 cycles per second.
2Age of student as of December 31, 1969.
18 25
TABLE 2: NUMBER OF STUDENTS UNDER SIX YEARS OF AGE ENROLLED IN PARTICIPATING SPECIAL EDUCATIONALPROGRAMS FOR THE HEARING IMPAIRED BY HEARING THRESHOLD LEVELS AND AGE, ACCORDING TO TYPE OFPROGRAM: UNITED STATES, 1969-70 SCHOOL YEAR.
Better Ear Averagesin Decibels (190)1
and Age2Total
Numberof
Students
Type of Program
ResidentialSchoolsfor theDeaf
DaySchoolsfor theDeaf
Classes
for theHearingImpaired
Schoolsfor the
MultiplyHandi-capped
Speechand
HearingClinics Other
AN Ages-AllHearing Levels 6,378 1,396 1,161 3,146 58 511 106
1 Average hearing threshold in better ear computed at 500, 1000, 2000 cycles per second.2Age of student as of December 31, 1969.
19
TABLE 3: NUMBER OF STUDENTS UNDER SIX YEARS OF AGE ENROLLED IN PARTICIPATING SPECIAL EDUCATIONALPROGRAMS FOR THE HEARING IMPAIRED BY TYPE OF PROGRAM, ACCORDING TO TYPE OF TRAINING SESSION:UNITED STATES, 1969-70 SCHOOL YEAR.
Type ofProgram
TotalNumber
ofStudents
Type of Training Session
IndividualTraining
Only
I
Group
TrainingOnly
Both
Individual&
Group
Training
_
Data
NotAvailable
---..
All Programs 6,378 371 1,658 3,553 796
Residential Schools
for the Deaf
Day Schools
for the Deaf
Classes for the
Hearing Impaired
Schools for the
MultiplyHandicapped
Speech and Hearing
Clinics
Other
1,396
1,161
3,146
58
511
106
23
21
126
3
157
41
263
495
688
20
172
20
840
527
2,008
11
147
20
270
118
324
24
35
. 25
2920
TABLE 4: NUMBER OF STUDENTS UNDER SIX YEARS OF AGE ENROLLED IN PARTICIPATING SPECIAL EDUCATIONALPROGRAMS FOR THE HEARING IMPAIRED BY TYPE OF PROGRAM, ACCORDING TO NUMBER OF HOURS OFTRAINING PER WEEK: UNITED STATES, 1969-70 SCHOOL YEAR.
Type ofProgram
TotalNumber
ofStudents.'
Number of Hours of Training Per Week
Less
Than 10
Hours
10-12
Hours
13-15
Hours
I16
Hours
or More
Data
NotAvailable
All Programs 6,007 489 910 1,335 2,477 796
Residential Schools
for the Deaf 1,373 32 42 28 , 1,001 270
Day Schools
for the Deaf 1,140 48 216 270 488 118
Classes for the
Hearing Impaired 3,020 207 575 964 950 324
Schools for the .
MultiplyHandicapped 55 10 2 18 1 24
Speech and Hearing
Clinics 354 186 68 38 27 35
Other 65 6 7 17 10 25. .
1Does not include 371 students who were receiving individual training only. On the average these students received about PAhours of training per week.
21
28
TABLE 5: NUMBER OF STUDENTS UNDER SIX YEARS OF AGE ENROLLED IN PARTICIPATING SPECIAL EDUCATIONALPROGRAMS FOR THE HEARING IMPAIRED BY HEARING THRESHOLD LEVELS AND AGE, ACCORDING TO NUMBEROF HOURS OF TRAINING PER WEEK: UNITED STATES, 1969-70 SCHOOL YEAR.
Better Ea: Averages
in Decibels (ISO)1
and Age2
TotalNumber
ofStudents3
Number of Hours of Training Per Week
Less
Than 10
Hours
,
10-12
Hours
13-15
Hours
16 Hours
or More
Data NotAvailable
All Ages-All Hearing Levels 6,007 489 910 1,335 2,477 796
Under 45dB 72 8 12 24 10 1845-64dB 210 19 34 43 74 4065-84dB 617 31 64 151 292 7985dB and Above 1,218 52 120 172 714 160Data Not Available 1,277 72 167 234 608 ,
I196
lAverage hearing threshold in better ear computed at 500, 1000, 2000 cycles per second.
2Age of student as of December 31, 1969.
3Does not include 371 students who were receiving individual training only. On the average these students received about VA hoursof training per week.
22 29
TABLE 6: NUMBER OF STUDENTS UNDER SIX YEARS OF AGE ENROLLED IN PARTICIPATING SPECIAL EDUCATIONAL,PROGRAMS FOR THE HEARING IMPAIRED BY HEARING THRESHOLD LEVELS AND AGE, ACCORDING TO SIZE OFPROGRAM: UNITED STATES, 1969-70 SCHOOL YEAR.
lAverage hearing threshold in better ear computed at 500, 1000, 2000 cycles per second.
2Age of student as of December 31, 1969.
3Size of Program refers to the total number of hearing impaired students, of all ages, that were reported as enrolled in the participatingprogram.
4'0 23
TABLE 7: NUMBER OF STUDENTS UNDER SIX YEARS OF AGE ENROLLED IN PARTICIPATING SPECIAL EDUCATIONALPROGRAMS FOR THE HEARING IMPAIRED BY HEARING THRESHOLD LEVELS AND AGE, ACCORDING TO AGESTARTED EDUCATION: UNITED STATES, 1969-70 SCHOOL YEAR.
Better Ear Averages
in Decibels (160)1
and Age2
TowNumber
ofStudents
Age Started Educaton
1 Year
of Age2 Years
of Age
3 Years
of Age4 Years
of Age
_
5 Years
of Age
Data
NotAvailable
All Ages-AllHearing Levels 6,378 573 1,449 1,848 997 278 1,233
1 Average hearing threshold in better ear computed at 500, 1000, 2000 cycles per second.
2Age of student as of December 31, 1969.
24
TABLE 8: NUMBER OF STUDENTS UNDER SIX YEARS OF AGE ENROLLED IN PARTICIPATING SPECIAL EDUCATIONALPROGRAMS FOR THE HEARING IMPAIRED BY HEARING THRESHOLD LEVELS AND AGE, ACCORDING TO AGE ATONSET OF HEARING LOSS: UNITED STATES, 1969-70 SCHOOL YEAR.
Better Ear Averages
in Decibels (ISO)1
and Age2
IAgeTotal
Number
ofStudents
at Onset of Hearing Loss
AtBirth
Under
1 Year
1 Year,
Less
Than
3 Years
3 Years
AndOver
Data
NotAvailable
All Ages-All Hearing Levels 6,378 5,058 238 282 47 753
Under 45dB 128 75 Z 12 3 3645-64dB 402 326 13 13 5 4565-84dB 1,105 900 25 44 7 12985dB and Above 2,017 1,650 81 80 9 197Data Not Available 2,726 2,107 117 133 23 346
Under 3 Years-All Hearing Levels 336 261 20 22 33
Under 45dB 5 4 1
45-64dB 20 17 2 1
65-84dB 38 29 1 4 485dB and Above 63 51 3 6 3Data Not Available 210 160 14 11 25
Under 45eIB 79 40 2 6 3 2845-64dB 224 180 5 8 3 2865-84d6 635 522 12 18 6 7785dB and Above 1,239 1,027 51 42 6 113Data Not Available 1,301 1,020 48 60
I15 158
tAverage hearing threshold in better ear computed at 500, 1000, 2000 cycles per second.
2Age of student as of December 31, 1969.
32: 25
TABLE 9: NUMBER OF STUDENTS UNDER SIX YEARS OF AGE ENROLLED IN PARTICIPATING SPECIAL EDUCATIONALPROGRAMS FOR THE HEARING IMPAIRED BY AGE AT ONSET OF HEARING LOSS, ACCORDING TO PARENTTRAINING: UNITED STATES, 1969-70 SCHOOL YEAR.
Age at Onsetof Hearing Loss
TotalNumber
ofStudents
Parent Trainingl
Some Parent Training
DataNot
Available
TotalStudentsWhose
Parents AreReceivingTraining
ParentsEnrolled in
SpecialParent
Program &Correspondence
Course
ParentsEnrolled in
SpecialParent
ProgramOnly
ParentsEnrolled in
CorrespondenceCourseOnly
StudentsWhose
ParentsAre NotReceivingTraining
All Ages at Onset 6,378 2,451 303 1,935 213 2,361 1,566
Onset at Birth 5,058 1,975 250 1,559 166 1,894 1,189
Under 1 Year 238 93 18 70 5 96 49
1 Year, Less Than3 Years 282 110 17 78 15 97 75
3 Years and Over 47 13 2 8 3 17 17
Data Not Available 753 260 16 220 24 257 236
1Parent training refers to the number of students with one or both parents enrolled in special parent program or participating in acorrespondence course during the 1969-70 school year.
TABLE 10: NUMBER OF STUDENTS UNDER SIX YEARS OF AGE ENROLLED IN PARTICIPATING SPECIAL EDUCATIONALPROGRAMS FOR THE HEARING IMPAIRED BY HEARING THRESHOLD LEVELS, ACCORDING TO PARENT TRAINING:UNITED STATES, 1969-70 SCHOOL YEAR.
Better Ear Averagtsin Decibels OM'
TotalNumber
ofStudents
Parent Training1
Some Parent Training
DataNot
Available
TotalStudentsWhose
Parents AreReceivingTraining
ParentsEnrolled in
SpecialParent
Program &Correspondence
Course
ParentsEnrolled inSpecialParent
ProgramOnly
ParentsEnrolled in
CorrespondenceCourseOnly
StidentsWhoseParentsAre NotReceivingTraining
All Hearing Levels 6,378 2,451 303 1,935 213 2,361 1,566
Under 45dB 128 36 6 21 9 55 37
45-64dB 402 147 32 104 11 156 99
65-84dB 1,105 450 53 360 37 410 245
85dB and Above 2,017 819 99 663 57 751 447
Data Not Available 2,726 999 113 787 99 989 738
1Parent training refers to the number of students with one or both parents enrolled in special parent program or participating in acorrespondence course during the 1969-70 school year.
2Average hearing threshold in better ear computed at 500, 1000, 2000 cycles per second.
26 33
APPENDICES
Appendix I Description of the Annual Survey of Hearing im-paired Children and Youth
Appendix I I Data Form Used for Students Under Six Years of Agein the Annual Survey for the 1969-70 School Year
Appendix I I I Programs Participating in the Annual Survey of Hear-ing Impaired Children and Youth
27
APPENDIX I
THE ANNUAL SURVEY OF
HEARING IMPAIRED CHILDREN AND YOUTH
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
The Annual Survey of Hearing Impaired Chil-dren and Youth began its activities in May 1968. Theprogram is established as a permanent researchorganization to collect, process and disseminate dataon hearing impaired individuals through college age inthe United States. The need for such information onthis universe has been of Prime concern to educators,audiologists, legislators, psYchologists..and others.
Two preceding years of pilot and develop-mental work in a five state area determined itsoperational feasibility and crystalized its methodol-ogy. The Division of Research, Bureau of Educationfor the Handicapped, Office of Education, Depart-ment of Health, Education and Welfare initiated theAnnual Survey and provides the major share of itsfunding. The program is Conducted by the Office ofDemographic Studies of Ga Daudet College.
The long range goal of the Annual Survey is tocollect data on the entire bearing impaired populationthrough college age in the United States. For opera-tional reasons the hearing inwaired population hasbeen divided into three groups:
GROUP A Hearing &Waited individuals who arereceiving sPecial educational servicesrelated to their hearing loss.
GROUP B Individuals Who have been diagnosedas being hearing impaired but who arenot receiving any special educationalservices.
GROUP C Individuals in the general populationwho, in fact, are hearing impaired buttheir hearing loss has not been diag-nosed at a given point of time.
POLICIES AND PRINCIPLES
It is of paramount importance that participat-ing institutions be assured that the data collected will
be held in strictest confidence. Only staff members ofthe Office of Demographic Studies will have access tothe records and then only for the purpose ofpreparing statistical summaries for analyses of thedata. Individual student identification may be estab-lished by code numbers assigned and known only bythe reporting institution. Each school will receivedata on its own students, but no information permit-ting identification of any individual student or schoolwill be published or made available for any purpose.Independent researchers will have access only tosummary statistics and will not know the identity ofthe schools from which the data were compiled.
Of great importance is the fact that policies anddirection of the Annual Survey are determined by acommittee representing all areas of services to hearingimpaired individuals. The committee is formallycalled the National Advisory Committee to theAnnual Survey of Hearing Impaired Children andYouth. Its membership has broad width and depth intechnical and executive expertise. In addition, atechnical subcommittee composed of members of theAdvisory Committee is called upon for advice anddirection as special needs arise.
Suggestions and comments also come fromdiscussions with teachers, audiologists, psychologistsand other professionals who work directly withhearing impaired individuals. Also, aside from thesedirect contacts the staff members of the AnnualSurvey have with people in the field, periodicformal surveys of the cooperating educational pio-grams are conducted to aid in determining the kindsof information needed in the field. To be effective,the program must assist these persons in solvingproblems with which they struggle day after day.
Since the Annual Survey attempts to promotethe use of its data by those whose judgements anddecisions will have a direct or indirect bearing on theeducation of hearing impaired individuals, it recog-nizes a responsibility to devote a part of its re-sources to the evaluation of the quality of the datacollected and disseminated. This is particularly im-
portant because it seeks to establish national normson the basic characteristics of hearing impairedchildren and youth that may be used by teachers,administrators and researchers. Thus, in the dissemina-tion of information, the Annual Survey makes everyeffort to properly qualify the data and indicate anylimitation associated with it.
Fourthly, the Annual Survey devotes part of itsresources to developing die methodologies and instru-ments for best collecting data on a continuing basisfor a national population of hearing impaired childrenand youth. The methodologies and instruments are oftwo basic kinds: (1) those associated with basicdemographic variables that are collected on the totalstudent population each year, and (2) those relatingto the performance of the student in various areas, orto topics of special interest in a given year which maybe collected on a sample basis.
DATA COL LECTI ON
1968-69 School Year
During the first year of the program, datacollection activities were directed towards all schoolsfor the deaf and a representative sample (15 percent)of all special classes. In addition, records on studentswho were receiving itinerant services were obtained intotal from two states and in part from several states.In all 25,363 individual records were collected. Thisrepresented nearly 80 percent cif the total enrollmentof all institutions invited to pariicipate.
Also during the first year, an academic Achieve-ment Testing Program was conducted. Over 12,000Stanford Achievement Tests were administered. TheAnnual Survey supplied testing materials and scoringservices free of charge to participating programs.Achievement test scores for hearing impaired studentsbased on the results of that testing program werepublished and distributed in the Fall of 1969. Inaddition, each participating school received distribu-tions of. achievement test scores based on the per-formance of their own students.
1969-70 School Year
The Annual Survey extended its coverage dur-ing the second year of data collection. Efforts weremade to reach students in all of the special classes forthe hearing impaired, as well as in all of the schools.Data were obtained on 35,285 students from 435reporting sources.
26
1970-71 School Year
Over 550 reporting sources with about 41,000students enrolled in their programs cooperated withthe Annual Survey for the 1970-71 school year. Thisrepresents an increase of 164 new participating edu-cational programs with almost 7,000 students. Atthe same time, about 94 percent of those programsthat participated the previous year halie, been re-tained in this year's Survey.
An Achievement Testing Program was conductedby the Annual Survey. Approximately 19,000 stu-dents representing 290 programs participated in thisprogram. The procedures followed in the currentprogram were influenced heavily by the results of the1968-69 school year. This influence was reflectedespecially in three areas: (1) Students were given ascreening test to determine the most appropriatebattery they should receive. (2) The schools weresupplied with practice materials for their students, tofamiliarize students with test format and procedures.(3) In cooperation with Harcourt Brace Jovanovich,Inc., the test publishers, special printings of thePrimary levels were arranged in which written instruc-tions were provided to supplement oral ones. Areliability study also was conducted in conjunctionwith this year's Achievement Testing Program. Thisevaluation study will help to determine the reliabilityof an achievement test designed for hearing studentswhen used by hearing impaired students. This studyalso was designed to shed some light on the validityof these tests.
PROGRAM SERVICES ANDPUBLICATION OF THE DATA
The program is accumulating a large volume ofstatistical data. The processing and dissemination ofthese data hold wide implications and potentialbenefits for educational, audiological, medical,psychological, legislative and other services to thehearing impaired. Towards the goal of fully utilizingthe data, the program will make data available toindependent investigators for research purposes.Masters' theses, doctoral dissertations, institutionallevel research programs, private studies, etc., aresolicited. Competent researchers are encouraged topropose detailed analyses of the data to furtherincrease its usefulness. The Office of DemographicStudies will not permit the data to be used in awanner that is not scientific or objective in itsapproach. The Annual Survey plans to produce at
29
least six major publications per year not includingthose that may be prepared by independent re-searchers using data collected by this program.
The Survey Office also provides each participat-ing school or program with tabulations of thecharacteristics of their own students. The participat-ing programs may obtain a set of punch cardscontaining the information submitted on each oftheir students. Further, the Annual Survey Office isavailable to provide consultation services to particularschools or school systems that are concerned withgathering and processing data on their students.
Participation in the Survey has led many of theprograms to examine their current forms and recordkeeping procedures. This led to requests that theSurvey develop a uniform record form to keepstudent information for use in schools and classesthroughout the country. Such a form was developed
30
and used on a trial basis by a few schools during the1970-71 school year. On the basis of this experience,the form was revised and distributed for use duringthe 1971-72 school year. Indications are that approxi-mately half of the educational programs for thehearing impaired in the United States are planning touse the form during the 1971-72 school year.
The initial success of the Annual Survey can bemeasured only in terms of the levels of participationand interest expressed by many individuals. Theultimate success will be measured not in terms ofvolume of data that will be collected and published,but in terms of its contributions to improvingeducational and other opi,ortunities for hearing im-paired children and youth. In this regard, it appearsthat progress is being made. For the rust time a vastbody of statistical information is becoming availablefor research and planning purposes.
39
APPENDIX II
OFFICE OF DEMOGRAPHIC STUDIES, GALLAUDET COLLEGE. WASHINGTON, D.C.
(This form is to be used for children who will become six years of age after December 31, 1969)
ANNUAL SURVEY OF HEARING IMPAIRED CHILDREN 1969-70 School Year
ACHIC-4
CONFIDENTIAL: All information which would permit identification of any individual or institution win be held strictly confidential and will beused only by persons engaged in the survey for preparing statistical summaries. The data will not be disclosed to others for any other purpose.
Name of Reporting Source:
I. GENERAL INFORMATIONDate of
A. 1. Name of Student _ Birthor Code Number (Lost) (hrst) (Middle) (Mo., Day. Yr.)
SexM OF
2. Residence(City) (County) ZState)
B. 1. Present School or Agency(Nam.)
2. Location(Number and Street) (City) (County) (State & ZIP Code)
II. EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMA. TYPE OF SCHOOL OR AGENCY
1. 0 School for HearingO Classes for Hearing Impaired 0 Day School for Deaf 0 Speech and Hearing ClinicO Other (specify):
2. Is School or Agency: 0 Public3. Type of Student: 0 Residential
B. TYPE OF PROGRAM1. Indicate number of hours per week the child is seen: Hours Per Week
2. Is the child seed: 0 Individually 0 Group or 0 Both3. Total time child has been enrolled in this school or agency: Years Months4. Parent Training:
(a) Are parents enrolled in a special parent program: 0 Yes 0 No(b) Are parents participating in a correspondence course: 0 Yes 0 No
0 Residential School for Deaf 0 School for Multiply HandicaPPed
0 Private0 Day
III. EDUCATIONAL HISTORYA. Prior to the present program, has the child received other special educational training:
1. If YES, age started first program- Years Months2. Type (specify):3. Total time enrolled: Years Months
0 Yes 0 No
IV. HISTORY OF HEARING LOSSA. STUDENT HISTORY
1. Probable age at onset of hearing loss: 0 At Birth2. Age hearing loss discovered: Years3. If onset of loss at birth, what was probable cause (mark
O Maternal Rubella 0 Trauma to MotherO Trauma at Birth 0 Medication During Pregnancy
4. If loss acquired after birth, what was probable cause (markO Meningitis 0 Mumps 0 Measles 0O Other (specifY):
5. Birth weight, if known: lbs. ozs.
B. FAMILY HISTORY1. Mother (check one): (3 Normal hearing before age 6;2. Father (check one): Q Normal hearing before age 6;
Years of AgeMonthsall that apply): 0 No Known Cause 0 DataO Prematurity 0 Complications of PregnancyO RH Incompatibility 0 Other (specify)all that apply): 0 No Known Cause 0 DataOtitis-Media 0 Trauma
Not Available
O HereditarY
Not Available
O Hearing loss before age 6;O Hearing loss before age 6;
o Data not available.
o Data not available.3. Siblings (indicate number in each categoeylf none, write "0"):
Total number ; Normal hearing before age 6 ; Hearing loss before age 64. Does student have a twin: 0 Yes c3 No (If yes, complete items 4(a) and 4(b) below):
(a) Sex of twin: 0 M 0 F(b) Is twin enrolled in this school: 0 Yes 0 No
5. Is there any familial history of deafness other than indicated above QYes 0 No6. Are parents known to be related in any way? 0 Yes 0 No
0 Data not available
28 31
V. AUDIOLOGICAL FINDINGS
A. E3 Not Tested 0 Unable To Test 0 Tested, But Results Not Available
B. 0 Tested (Record Results Below):
1. Standard used for testing: 9 ISO 0 ASA 0 Free Field (Symbol /V )
RIGHT EAR
2.
LEFT EARFrequency 125 I 250 I 500 110001200014000160001800011 12512501500 1100012000 I 40001600018000
BoneConduction
I I I I I I II I I I I I
C. UNAIDED SPEECH THRESHOLD1. Test Used: 0 SAT 0 SRT
2.
Not Tested
RIGHT EAR LEFT EAR0-15dB I 16-29dB I 30-44dB 1 45-59dB 1 60-79dB I 80dB & over II 0-15dB 1 16-29dB 1 30-44dB 1 45-59dB 1 60-79dB I 80dB& over I1111 I. 11
D. EXAMINER IDENTIFICATIONName of clinic or place conducting audiological examination
Date__
Address(Member and Street) (City) (State & ZIP Code)
Profession of Examiner: 0 Audiologist 0 Otologist 0 Other M.D. 0 Audiometrist 0 Nurse 0 Teacher
Other (specify)
VI. INTELLIGENCE TESTIndicate results of most recent intelligence test
Description of Test LQ. Scores
Name Level Verbal Nonverbal Date Tested
(Month, Yr.)
VII. ADDITIONAL HANDICAPPING CONDITIONSCheck all educationally significant handicapping conditions: If none, check here 0
O Epilepsy 0 Severe Visual 0 Emotional Problems 0 Perceptual-Motor DisordersO Cleft Lip or Palate 0 Mental Retardation 0 Behavioral Problems 0 Cerebral PalsyO Other (describe)
VIII. HEARING AID USEA. Doin Student Use a Personal Aid? 0 Yes 0 No
If YES, is aid: 0 Monaural 0 Binaural 0 Y CordB. Speech Awareness Threshold With Aid is dB.
C. Speech Reception Threshold With Aid is dB.
COMMENTS:
32
APPENDIX III
Participants in the Annual Survey of Hearing
Impaired Children and Youth
ALABAMAAlabama Institute for the Deaf & Blind
*Bessemer City SchoolsBirmingham Public Sdhools
*Blossomwood Elementary School*Children's Center of Montgomery, Inc.*Etowah County Board of Education*Franklin County Board of Education*Holt Elementary School*Huntsville Rehabilitation Center*I.,ewis-Slossfield Speech & Hearing Center*Mobile County Deaf Education Program*Mobile Preschool for the Deaf, Inc.*Tuscaloosa County Schools*University of Montevallo Speech & Hearing Clinic
ALASKA*Alaska Treatment Center for Crippled Children
& Adults, Inc.Anchorage Borough School District
*Bethel State School
ARIZONAArizona State School for the Deaf & Blind
*Emerson SchoolSamuel Gompers Memorial Rehabilitation Center,
Inc.*Phoenix Day School for the DeafPhoenix Elementary Oral Day Classes
ARKANSASArkansas Speech & Hearing CenterJenkins Memorial Children's Center
CALIFORNIAAlhambra City School DistrictAlum Rock Union Elementary School DistrictAnaheim Union High School District
*Aurally Handicapped Classes of Solano CountyBellflower Unified School DistrictMary E. Bennett School for the DeafButte County Schools
*California School for the Blind, Deaf-BlindDepartment
California School for the Deaf, BerkeleyCalifornia School for the Deaf, RiversideCedarcreek School for the DeafCentinela Valley Union High School DistrictCentralia School DistrictCeres Unified School District
*Chula Vista City School DistrictCovina Valley Unified School DistrictCutler-Orosi Unified School District
*Downey Serilor High School*East San Gabriel Valley School for Multi-
Handicapped ChildrenEscondido Union School DistrictFremont Unified School District
Blacow ElementaryFresno City Unified School District
*Garden Grove Unified School DistrictGoleta Union Elementary School DistrictHayward City Unified School DistrictChris Jespersen SchoolKern County Schools
*La Mesa Spring Valley School DistrictLancaster "ementary School District
*Language, riearing, & Speech Clinic, FresnoState College
Little Lake City Elementary School DistrictLivermore Valley Joint Unified School DistrictLompoc Unified School DistrictLong Beach Unified School DistrictMarin County SchoolsMarlton Elementary SchoolMontebello Unified School DistrictMonterey County SchoolsMt. Diablo Therapy CenterMt. Diablo Unified School DistrictNapa Valley Unified School DistrictNorwalk-La Mirada Unified School DistrictOakland City Unified School DistrictOrange Unified School District
*Orcutt Union Elementary School District
*Programs that joined the Survey during the 1970-71 school year. Data from these Programs are not included in thisreport.
40
*Pajaro Valley Unified School District*Palo Alto Unified School DistrictPasadena City Unified School District
*Placer County Public schoolsPomona Unified School DistrictRedondo Beach City Elementary School DistrictRichmond Unified School DistrictRiverside Unified School DistrictSacramento City Unified School District
*San Bernardino County SchoolsSan Diego Unified School DistrictSan Francisco Speech & Hearing CenterSan Jose City Unified School DistrictSan Juan Unified School DistrictSan Mateo County Classes for the DeafSan Mateo Union High School DistrictSanta Ana Unified School DistrictSanta Clara Unified School District
*Santa Cruz County Itinerant Program for theHearing Impaired
Santa Rosa City School DistrictShasta County SchoolsSimi Valley Unified School District
*South Junior High SchoolSouthwest School for the DeafStockton Unified School DistrictSunnyvale Elementary School DistrictSutter County Schools Lincrest School
*Tehama County Public SchoolsTulare County SchoolsTulare Union High School DistrictUnion Elementary School DistrictVentura Unified School District
COLORADO*Aurora Public SchoolsChildren's Hospital, DenverColorado School for the Deaf & Blind
*Colorado Speech & Hearing Center, DenverColorado State College Bishop Lehr LaboratoryJefferson County Public Schools R-1
*Jolm Evans School*Meadow Elementary SchoolPleasant View Elementary SchoolPoudre R-I Services for Aurally Handicapped Children
CONNECTICUT*American School for the DeafCapitol Region Education Council Hearing
Impaired Class
Class for Preschool Hearing Impaired Children,Hartford
Easter Seal Goodwill Industries RehabilitationCenter
*East Hartford Public SchoolsEnfield Public Schools Preschool Hearing
Impaired ClassFairfield Public Schools Preschool Hearing
Center*Igs Highway SchoolMagrath SchoolMonroe Preschool Hearing Impaired ProgramMystic Oral School for the DeafReynolds Preschool Hearing Impaired ProgramSouth SchoolWest Haven Department of Special Education
DELAWAREMargaret S. Sterck School for Hearing Impaired
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA*Capitol Region Model Secondary School for the
Deaf-Department of Special EducationKendall School for the DeafSpeech and Hearing Center Public Schools of
the District of Columbia
FLORIDA*Allie Yniestra SchoolBrevard County Public SchoolsDade County Day Classes for Deaf
*Easter Seal Rehabilitation Center, FortLauderdale
*Edge Elementary SchoolFlorida School for the Deaf & BlindHillsborough County Public Schools
*Holly Hill Elementary School*Jackson Memorial Hospital, Audiology
Speech Pathology*Lee County Department of Special Education*Leon County Program for Hearing Impaired
ChildrenRobert McCord Oral SchoolPalm Beach County Schools
*Pinellas County SchoolsRock Lake Elementary School
*Programs that joined the Survey during the 1970-71 school year. Data from these programs are not included in thisreport.
34 41
*Speech and Hearing Center, Inc., Jacksonville*Tampa Oral School for the Deaf
GEORGIA*Atlanta Public SchoolsAtlanta Speech School, Inc.Cobb County Board of EducationThe Davison School, Inc.Lawton B. Evans SchoolGeorgia School for the Deaf
*Houston Speech & Hearing SchoolSavannah Speech & Hearing Center
*Robert Shaw Center
HAWAIICentral Intermediate SchoolDiamond Head School for the DeafMcKinley High School
IDAHOIdaho School for the Deaf & BlindSpeech & Hearing Center Idaho State
University
ILLINOISBat ionville Grade School Deaf ProgramBell Elementary SchoolBi-County Oral Deaf ProgramBlack Hawk Hearing Handicapped ProgramChampaign Community SchoolsChicago Vocational High SchoolDecatur Public School DistrictDixon State SchoolElim Christian School for the Exceptional ChildEricson School
*Nathaniel Greene School*Harrison High SchoolDr. Robert Henner Hearing & Speech CenterIllinois School for the Deaf
*The Institute for Hearing & SpeechJamieson SchoolMaine Township Special Education ProgramMarquette Elementary SchoolThomas Metcalf School
*Morrill Elementary SchoolNiles Township Department of Special Education
*Northern Suburban Special Education DistrictNorthwestern Illinois AssociationNorthwest Suburban Special Educa' ton
Organization
*Programs that joined the Survey during the 1970-71 schoolreport.
Perry School*Quincy Public SchoolsRay SchoolReinberg School
*St. Joseph's Speech & Hearing ClinicScammon School
*Shields Elementary SchoolSouth Metropolitan Association for Low-
Incidence HandicappedSpecial Education District of Lake County
*Springfield Public SchoolsTazewell-Mason Counties Special Education
Association*James Ward Elementary SchoolWest Suburban Association for the Hearing
Handicapped*Williamson County Special Education District
INDIANABall State UniversityCentral Avenue SchoolDeaf-Oral Nursery of the Rehabilitation Center,
EvansvilleEast Chicago Day Class for the Deaf
*Floyd County Preschool Deaf ClassGlenwood Elementary School
*Hammond Public Schools*Hearing & Speech Center of St. Joseph's County,
Inc.Indiana School for the DeafIndiana University Medical CenterMarion Community Schools
*Michigan City Area Schools*Morrison-Mock SchoolOral Deaf Classes & Hearing Conservation
Program, South Bend*Trade Winds Rehabilitation Center, Inc.
IOWABlack Hawk-Buchanan County Board of
EducationCedar Rapids Community School
*Dubuque County SchoolsHope Haven SchoolIowa School for the DeafOttumwa Community School DistrictSmouse Opportunity SchoolWilson School Oral Deaf Department
year. Data from these programs are not included in this
35
42
KANSASHays Regional Classroom for the Hard-of-Hearing
*Hoisington Unified School District #431Institute of Logopedics, Inc.Kansas School for the DeafLawrence Unified School District 497
Grant School*Salina Public Schools*Speech & Hearing Clinic, Kansas State University*Topeka Public Schools*Mark Twain Elementary SchoolUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterWichita Public Schools
KENTUCKYKentucky School for the DeafKnox Central High SchoolLexington Deaf Oral SchoolLouisville Deaf Oral InstituteLouisville Public Schools
*West Kentucky Easter Seal Center. for CrippledChildren & Adults
LOUISIANAAcadia Parish School BoardDelgado CollegeJefferson Parish School BoardLafayette Parish School BoardLouisiana School for the DeafSpeech & Hearing Center of Southwest
Louisiana, Inc.State School for the Deaf Southern BranchSunset Acres School
MAINEBangor Regional Speech & Hearing CenterGovernor Baxter State School for the DeafNortheast Hearing & Speech Center, Inc.Pine Tree Society
MARYLANDWilliam S. Baer School #301Baltimore County Department of Special
Education*Board of Education of Harford CountyForest Park Senior High SchoolGateway PreschoolMaryland School for the DeafMontgomery County Public Schools
*Pikesville Junior High School
*Prince George's County Public Schools*Special Education Center, Hagerstown
MASSACHUSETTS*Belmont Public SchoolsBeverly School for the DeafBoston School for the DeafPeter Bulkeley SchoolClarke School for the Deaf
*Communications Disorders Department, Frank-lin County Public Hospital
Day Class for Preschool Deaf, LowellSarah Fuller FoundationHabilitation Center for the Pre-School Hard-of-
Hearing & Deaf Children, CantonHaverhill Preschool Class for Deaf
*Horatio A. Kempton School*Lawrence Primary Program for the Deaf*Leominster Day Classes for the Hearing Impaired*Horace Mann School for the DeafMercer SchoolMyrtle Street SchoolPage SchoolPerkins School for Blind
*Reading Day Class for Deaf*Willie Ross School for the DeafThayer-Lindsley Parent Centered NurseryUpsala Street SchoolWaltham Public SchoolsWoburn Day Class Program
*Worcester County Hearing & Speech Center
MICHIGAN*Men Park Public Schools*Brighton Public SchoolsHoward D. Crull Intermediate School
*Delta-Schoolcraft Intermediate School DistrictDetroit Day School for DeafDouglas SchoolDurant-Tuuri-Mott School
*Eastern Michigan University Speech & HearingClinic
Handley SchoolIda Public SchoolsThomas Jefferson School
*Kalamazoo Public SchoolsAnn J. Kellogg School
*Lakeview Elementary School, NegauneeLakeview Public SchoolsLansing Public Schools
*Programs that joined the Survey during the 1970-71 school year. Data from these programs are not included in thisreport.
Lapeer State Home & Training SchoolJohn A. Lemmer SchoolLutheran School for the DeafMarquette Elementary
*Mkhigan School for the DeafMichigan School for the Blind
*Michigan State University Speech & HearingClinic
Mott Foundation Children's Health CenterOakland SchoolsPreschool Physically Handicapped Program,
WyomingPublic School Program for Deaf & Hard-of-
Hearing, JacksonRedford Union Hard-of-Hearing ProgramRiverside Elementary SchoolShawnee Park Schools
*Speech Clinic of the University of MichiganMedical School
Tecumseh Public SchoolsTraverse City Public SchoolsTri-County PreschoolUtica SchoolsWarren Consolidated Schools
*Wayne Community School District
MINNESOTA*Anoka-Hennepin School District #11*Austin Public SchoolsDuluth Public SchoolsLutheran High SchoolMinneapolis Public SchoolsMinnesota School for the DeafSt. Paul Area Program for Impaired HearingTechnical Vocational Institute
MISSISSIPPI*Mississippi School for the Deaf*Tupelo Regional Rehabilitation Center
MISSOURI*Central Institute for the DeafDelaware Elementary School
*Gallaudei School for the DeafHearing & Speech Center, Kansas CityHumboldt SchoolMissouri School for the Deaf
*Neosho Public Schools*North Kansas City Public Schools
*Programs that joined the Survey during the 1970-71report.
St. Louis County Special School District for theHandicapped Litzsinger School
St. Louis University Speech & Hearing ClinicSchool District of Kansas City
MONTANAMontana State School for the Deaf & BlindUniversity of Montana Speech & Hearing Clinic
NEBRASKANebraska School for the DeafOmaha Hearing School for Children, Inc.
*Omaha Public SchoolsPrescott Acoustically Handicapped Unit
NEVADARuby Thomas Elementary School
*Washoe County School District
NEW HAMPSHIRECrotched Mountain School for the Deaf
*Enter Seal Rehabilitation Center of GreaterManchester
Portsmouth Rehabilitation Center
NEW JERSEY*American Institute for Mental StudiesAvon SchoolBruce Street SchoolClass for the Hard-of-Hearing, KearnyClifton Public Schools
*Cumberland County Public SchoolsDouglas Nursery for Hearing HandicappedHackensack Program for the DeafHehnbold Education CenterHunterdon Medical Center Nursery for Hearing
Impaired Children*Marie H. Katzenbach School for the Deaf*The Midland SchoolMillburn Avenue SchoolNewark State College
*North Jersey Training School*Speech & Hearing Center, Burlington County
Memorial HospitalSummit Speech SchoolTownship Public Schools, NeptuneWoodbridge Public School System
school year. Data from these programs are not included in this
44 37
NEW MEXICO*Albuquerque Hearing & Speech CenterNew Mexico School for the Deaf
NEW YORKAlbany Medical Center HospitalBoard of Cooperative Educational Services,
Nassau*Board of Cooperative Educational Services,
Suffolk County II*Board of Cooperative Educational Services,
Suffolk County III*Board of Cooperative Educational Services of
Washington, Warren, & Hamilton Counties*Buffalo Public SchoolsCatholic Charities Day Classes for Deaf ChildrenCerebral Palsy PreschoolChildren's Hospital & Rehabilitation Center
*Demonstration Home Program, Rochester*Dutchess County Board of Cooperative
Educational Services*Erie County Board of Cooperative Educational
ServicesGrasslands Hospital
*Alexander Hamilton School #31*Hebrew Institute for the DeafJunior High 47-M School for Deaf
*Meadowbrook Hospital Speech & Hearing Clinic*Mill Neck Manor Lutheran School for the DeafNew York Institute for the Education of the BlindNew York School for the Deaf, White PlainsNew York State School for the Deaf, Rome
*Queens College Speech & Hearing Center*Rensselaer County Board of Cooperative Educa-
tional ServicesRochester School for the Deaf
*St. Francis de Sales School for the DeafSt. Joseph's School for the DeafSt. Mary's School for the DeafSchool for Language & Hearing Impaired
Children Public School 158Suffolk School for Deaf ChildrenUnion-Endicott Central School District
NORTH CAROLINACharlotte Speech & Hearing Center, Inc.Duke University Medical CenterEastern North Carolina School for the Deaf
*Mecldenburg School Department of SpecialEducation
The Governor Morehead SchoolNorth Carolina School for the DeafPath School, Inc.
*Wake County Preschool for the Hearing Impaired
NORTH DAKOTALongfellow School
*Minot State College Speech & Hearing ClinicNorth Dakota School for the DeafUniversity of North Dakota Speech & Hearing
Clinic
OHIOAkron Board of Education
*Alexander Graham Bell School, ColumbusAlexander Graham Bell School for the Deaf,
ClevelandBetty Jane Oral SchoolCanton Public SchoolsCincinnati Educational Center
*Clark County Hearing & Speech Center*Cleveland Heights High School*Eyria City SchoolsHearing & Speech Center of Columbus and
Central Ohio*Howard Day School for the Hearing Impaired*L.B. Kean Elementary SchoolKennedy School for the DeafKent Public SchoolsKent State UniversityLitchfield Rehabilitation Center
*McKinley Elementary SchoolMansfield City SchoolsMillridge Center for Hearing ImpairedOhio School for the DeafProgram for Physically Handicapped, Toledo
*St. Rita's School for the Deaf*Springfield City SchoolsTrumbull County Hearing SocietyWarren City Schools
*Youngstown Public SchoolsZanesville Classes for Deaf
OKLAHOMACommunity Speech & Hearing Center, EnidEastside SchoolThe Junior League Program for Children with
Hearing Losses*Kerr Junior High School
*program that joined the Survey during the 1970-71 school year. Data from these programs are not included in thisreport.
38
45
Oklahoma City Public Schools*Oklahoma School for the DeafUniversity of Oklahoma Medical Center
*Washington School
OREGONHearing and Speech Center, EugeneOregon State School for the DeafPortland Center for Hearing & Speech, Inc.Portland Public SchoolsTucker-Maxon Oral School
*washington County Intermediate EducationDistrict
PENNSYLVANIAArchbishop Ryan Memorial Institute for the DeafDe Paul Institute
*Ebensburg State School and Hospital*Elwyn InstituteErie City School District
*Home of the Merciful Saviour for Crippled ChildrenWillis and Elizabeth Martin School
*Pennhurst State School and HospitalPennsylvania School for the DeafPennsylvania State Oral School for the Deaf
*The Pittsburgh Hearing & Speech Society, Inc.Western Pennsylvania School for the DeafProgams for Speech & Hearing Handicapped:
Adams County SchoolsAllegheny County SchoolsArmstrong County SchoolsBeaver County SchoolsBedford County SchoolsBerks County SchoolsBlair County SchoolsBradford County SchoolsBucks County SchoolsButler County SchoolsCambria County SchoolsCameron County SchoolsCarbon County SchoolsCentre County SchoolsChester County SchoolsClarion County SchoolsClinton County SchoolsCrawford County SchoolsCumberland County SchoolsDauphin County SchoolsDelaware County SchoolsElk County Schools
*Program that joined the Survey during the 1970-71 schoolreport.
Erie County SchoolsFayette County SchoolsFranklin County SchoolsFulton County SchoolsGreene County SchoolsHuntingdon County SchoolsIndiana County SchoolsJuniata County SchoolsLackawanna County SchoolsLancaster County SchoolsLawrence County SchoolsLebanon County SchoolsLuzerne County SchoolsLycoming County SchoolsMcKean County SchoolsMercer County SchoolsMifflin County SchoolsMonroe County SchoolsMontgomery County SchoolsMontour County SchoolsNorthampton County SchoolsNorthumberland County SchoolsPerry County SchoolsPike County SchoolsPotter County SchoolsSchuylkill County SchoolsSnyder County SchoolsSomerset County SchoolsSullivan County SchoolsSusquehanna County SchoolsTioga County SchoolsVenango County SchoolsWarren County SchoolsWashington County SchoolsWestmoreland County SchoolsYork County Schools
RHODE ISLAND*Preschool Language Class at Meeting Street School*Rhode Island Hospital Hearing & Speech CenterRhode Island School for the Deaf
*Windmill Hearing Therapy Program
SOUTH CAROLINACharleston County Schools
*Estes Elementary SchoolFlorence County School District #3
*Hearing and Speech Center, Columbia*Keowee Schools
year. Data from these programs axe not included in this
39
*Parker House Education Center for HearingHandicapped Children
Pate Elementary School*Pee Dee Hearing & Speech Center*Spartanburg Speech & Hearing ClinicSouth Carolina School for the Deaf & BlindUnited Speech & Hearing Services
SOUTH DAKOTASouth Dakota School for the Deaf
TENNESSEE*Arlington State Hospital & School*Clover Bottom Hospital & SchoolEast Tennessee State University Speech
& Hearing Clinic*Green Valley Hospital & SchoolHamilton County Speech & Hearing Center
*Knox County Public SchoolsMemphis City SchoolsMemphis Parents' School for Deaf & AphasicMemphis Speech & Hearing CenterMetropolitan Schools of Nashville & Davidson
CountySunnyside SchoolTennessee School for the DeafUniversity of Tennessee Preschool Deaf
ProgramBill Wilkerson Hearing & Speech Center
TEXAS*Abilene Public Schools Day Class for the DeafAmarillo Regional Hearing & Speech CenterAustin Independent School DistrictBaylor Speech & Hearing Clinic
*Bi-County Deaf & Hard of Hearing School,Brownsville
*Bexar County School for the DeafP.F. Brown Elementary SchoolThe Callier Hearing & Speech CenterCorpus Christi Independent School DistrictCounty-Wide Area Day School, El PasoDallas Independent School DistrictDallas Society for Crippled Children
*Easter Seal Society for Crippled Children &Adults of Tarrant County, Inc.
*Farias Special Education SchoolGrayson County Crippled Children &
Center*Harlandale Independent School District
Houston Independent School DistrictHouston School for Deaf Children
*Houston Speech & Hearing CenterHelen Keller Special Education School
*Midland Independent School DistrictMulti-County School for the DeafPasadena Independent School District
*Port Arthur Independent School District*Sunshine Cottage School for Deaf ChildrenTarrant County Day School for Deaf
*Temple Memorial Treatment CenterTexas Christian University Speech & Hearing
ClinicTexas School for the DeafWaco Independent School DistrictWichita Falls Independent School District
UTAHBrigham Young University Communicative
Disorders ClinicUtah Schools for the Deaf & BlindUtah State University Edith Bowen
Laboratory School
VERMONTAustine School for the Deaf
VIRGINIAArlington County Public SchoolsBlue Ridge Speech & Hearing Center, Inc.
*Bristol Memorial Hospital Speech & HearingCenter
*Charlottesville Public Schools*Chesterfield County Public SchoolsDiagnostic, Adjustive & Corrective Center for
LearningDiagnostic Special Education School of Tidewater
Rehabilitation InstituteSt. Paul's Oral SchoolVirginia School for the Deaf & BlindVirginia State School for the Deaf at Hampton
WASHINGTON .
Bellingham School District #501*Bellevue Public SchoolsBremerton School District 100-C
*Edmonds School District #15Edna E. Davis School
*Kent Public Schools*Northshore School District #417
*Programs that joined the Survey during the 1970-71 school year. Data from these programs are not included in thisreport.
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47
*Seattle Community College, Classes for the DeafSeattle Public Schools
*Shoreline School District #412University of Washington Experimental
Education UnitWashington State School for BlindWashington State School for the Deaf
*Washington State University Speech & HearingClinic
Yakima School District #7
WEST VIRGINIA*Kanawha Hearing & Speech CenterWest Virginia School for the Deaf & the Blind
WISCONSINBartlett School
Berryville SchoolCity District Public Schools, La CrosseCooper Day School for DeafDay School for Deaf, WausauMadison Public SchoolsMilwaukee Hearing Society, Inc.
*Oshkosh Program for Hearing Impaired Children*Pleasant Hill School*St. John's School for the DeafSchool for the Deaf, Green BayE.H. Wadewitz School
*Washington School, SheboyganWisconsin School for the Deaf
WYOMINGWyoming School for the Deaf
*Programs that joined the Survey during the 1970-71 school year. Data from these programs are not included in thisreport.
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Yrz,
REPORTS FROM THE ANNUAL SURVEY OFHEARING IMPAIRED CHILDREN AND YOUTH
SERIES DNo. 1 Academic Achievement Test Performance of Hearing Impaired Students
United States: Spring 1969
No. 2 Item Analysis of Academic Achievement Tests Hearing Impaired StudentsUnited States: Spring 1969
No. 3 Additional Handicapping Conditions, Age at Onset of Hearing Loss, and OtherCharacteristics of Hearing Impaired StudentsUnited States: 1968-69
No. 4 Type and Size of Educational Programs Attended By Hearing ImpairedStudentsUnited States: 1968-69
No. 5 Summary of Selected Characteristics of Hearing Impaired Students UnitedStates: 1969-70
No. 6 Audiological Examinations of Hearing Impaired Students United States:1969-70
No. 7 Characteristics of Hearing Impaired Students Under Six Years of Age, UnitedStates: 1969-70
