ED 072 835 TITLE INSTITUTION SPONS AGENCY PUB ,DATE CONTRACT NOTE EDRS PRICE DESCRIPTORS DOCUMENT RESUME LI 004 212 National Survey of Library Services to the Aging. Phase Two. Final Report; Cleveland Public Library, Ohio. Bureau of Libraries and Educitional Technology (DHEW/OE) , Washington, °D. C. Dec 72 !DEC-0-71=4665 98p.; (0 References) MF-$0.65 HC-$3.29 Financial Support; *Library Programs; *Library serVices; Library. Surveys; *older Adult; *Public Libraried; Questionnaire0 r ABSTRACT The prpose of the study was- to' determine the ;:ate,., of prograMt and\sekVides. to /the raging: provided- "by the 1,330 _pi, is -- libtatie. with servicearea .population: exceeding 25,00q, Library services' were defined- to- exClude routine services such as book lists tut include programs and services which are offered specifically tor the- agibtipOpulatiOn or (2) in -Which at least -50V0f the- "partidipahts are 65 year8 of age or Older; Data was collected through use of a Mailed- questionnaire, returned by 858. pubfid libraries' (65%). Material was presented as findingt.pni-,11) Current pUblic library prOgtiirl and services to the aging, -(2) Financial support for programs and services- to the aging and. 13) 'DeVelopment _o_f programs and services to the aging. '(See alsp ED 067 521) lAtthort
Transcript
ED 072 835
TITLE
INSTITUTIONSPONS AGENCY
PUB ,DATECONTRACTNOTE
EDRS PRICEDESCRIPTORS
DOCUMENT RESUME
LI 004 212
National Survey of Library Services to the Aging.Phase Two. Final Report;Cleveland Public Library, Ohio.Bureau of Libraries and Educitional Technology(DHEW/OE) , Washington, °D. C.Dec 72!DEC-0-71=466598p.; (0 References)
ABSTRACTThe prpose of the study was- to' determine the ;:ate,.,
of prograMt and\sekVides. to /the raging: provided- "by the 1,330 _pi, is --
libtatie. with servicearea .population: exceeding 25,00q, Libraryservices' were defined- to- exClude routine services such as book liststut include programs and services which are offered specificallytor the- agibtipOpulatiOn or (2) in -Which at least -50V0f the-"partidipahts are 65 year8 of age or Older; Data was collected throughuse of a Mailed- questionnaire, returned by 858. pubfid libraries'(65%). Material was presented as findingt.pni-,11) Current pUbliclibrary prOgtiirl and services to the aging, -(2) Financial support forprograms and services- to the aging and. 13) 'DeVelopment _o_f programsand services to the aging. '(See alsp ED 067 521) lAtthort
- OFFICE OF EDUCATIONTHIS DOCUMENT 'HAS BEEN REPRO.DUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROMTHE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIG-INATING It'POINTS OF VIEW ORMI 3 STATED-DO
NOT NECESSARILYREPRESENT OFFICIAL OFFICE OF EDUCATION POSITION OR POLICY
NATIONAL SURVEY OF
LIBRARY SERVICES
t0 THE AGING
FILMED FROM', BEST'AVAILABLE -COPY-CLEVELAND PUBLIC LIBRARY
December; 1972
MO 9 1973
CNI
ratct'eV U. S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE
Office of EducatiohBureau of Libraries and Educational Technology
ABSTRACT
NATIONAL'SURV_EY OF LIBRARY SERVICES TO THE AGING
The purpose of the study was to dgtermine the .state of programs andservices to_the aging prOVided by the 1-1 330 public libraries with servicearea populatiOn exceeding 25,000..:_ Library services were defined to excluderoutine services such as boOk lists but includeprograms and ,services(1) which ar&offered,specifiCallyifOr the aging- population or (2) in whichat leak 50% of -the participants Are,65 years of age or older.
Data was collected through use of a mailed queStionnaire returnedby 858 public libraries (65%). Material was presented as findings om
Current public library programs and servicesto-the aging
Financial support for programs and services tothe aging -
.Developnient,of programs and services to the aging.
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Final ReportPhase-TwoContract No, OEG-0-71-.4665
National Survey of Library Servicesto the Aging
Cleveland Public Library
December, 1972
The research . reported herein- was performed pursuant_to a contractwith the Office of Educiiion, U.S. Department of Health, Education,and Welfare. Contractors undertaking such projects under Govern-ment sponsorship are encouraged to express freely their professionaljudgment the conduct of the project. points of view or opinionsstated do not,,,therefore, necessarily represent officiiI_Office of-Education position or policy.
U. S. DEPARTMENT OFHEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE
Office of EducationBureau of Libraries and Edudational Technology
enu ool vR$V101011111111N1 ell PI 0,10'1[1 11111, '1111P'01,110100,1111i1,1111111 10ik 111M NI NO
yl
[, w;u.l
PREFACE
This constitutes the final report of the second phase study of libraryservice -to the aging. _The-second phaSe study was- initiated-in July, 1972.The first- phase was .completed in December, 1971. Work was perforniedby Booz,, Allen-St-Hamilton Inc: under the' sponsorship of the ClevelandPublic Library, assisted by a firofessiozial advisory committee, and fundedby a grant from Title IIB of the Higher Education Act. Mr. Henry T.Drennan served as project officer-for the U. S. Office of Education.
-The 'study team has worked closely with the professional advisorypanel consisting of the following members:
Miss Genevieve M. CaseyAssociate-ProfessorDepartrrient of Library ScienceWayne State University
Mr. Henry T. DrennanSenior Program OfficerResearch and Prodram. Development BranchU. S. Office of 'Education
Mr. Andrew HansenExecutive SecretaryReference and Adult Services-DivisionAmerican Library Asseiciation- -
Dr. Fern _Long, Deputy: DirectorCleveland Public Library
Miss Clara Lucioli .
Director of ProfesSional S_ ervicesCleveland Public ibrary
Mr. ire. Phillips, Executive SecretaryAssociation of Hospital and Instilution LibrariesAmerican Library Association
1..
Miss Eleanor PhinneyConiu ltant in Library_ Services.(Formerly Executive Secretary, Adult ServicesDivision and Association of Hospital andInstitution Libraries, _
American Library A SSociation)
Miss Leslyn Schmidt -
Member; Committee on Library Servicesto an Aging PopulationAmerican Library AssociationMilwaukee Public Library
The second phase, like. the- firt phase of the study, benefitedenormously from the help and guidance of these professional= librarians,known nationally for their interest and experience in -library servicesto the aging. Their individual and Collectivfcontribtitions have beencarefully considered in each step of the survey and are reflected in thisfinal report.
The findings, conclusions, and recommendations of the study are,presented in five chapters.
. Chapter 1 -- Describes the background of the second phase studymethodology and survey returns.
Chapter II Presents findings on current programs determined dui.ingthe second phase of the study. Publielibraty services to the aging are dis-cussed by type of program or service, availability-and location, utilization,and providing agency.
Chapter IIIDiscusses_the financial- support for public libraryprograniS and, services for the aging, incliiding local funding and the- roleand Magnitude of outside funds. Also described are estimated costs forproviding service to aging individuals.
Chapter IVDescribes findings on present and future developmentof library services to the aging.
Chapter V--Provides overall observations and conclusions based onthe information gathered from the survey. Recommendations of the fix stphase of the survey, are briefly discussed and areas needing additionalresearch are described.
Booz, Allen & Hamilton Inc. has appreciated the opportunity to conductthis timely-study-of services.of libraries to the aging. It is our hope that thefindings and conclusions will be beneficial in formulating future policy inthis 'field.
ii.
TABLE, OF ClONTENTS
PageNumber
I
I. BACKGROUND OF THE SECOND PHASE SURVEY
II. FINDINGS ON CURRENT PUBLIC LIBRARYPROGRAMS -AND SERVICES TO THE AGING 4 9
III. FINANCIAL SUPPORT TO THE PUBLIC LIBRARYPROGRAMS AND SERVICES TO THE AGING 18
IV. DEVELOPMENT OF PUBLIC LIBRARY PROGRAMSAND SERVICES TO THE AGING 22
V. OVERALL OBSERVATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS 26
,APPENDIXES
INDE-X OF EXHIBITS
FollowingPage
I. QUESTIONNAIRE RESPONSES BY STATE 7
II. 65 AND OVER POPULATION INCLUDED INRETURNED-QUES'i'l0/4"NAIRES 8
III. NUMBER OF PUBLIC LIBRARIES-OFFERING TYPESOF LIBRARY SERVICES TO THE AGING 10
IV. USERS OF PUBLIC LIBRARY SERVICES TO THEAGING 11
V. NUMBER OF EXTENSION SERVICE PROGRAMSFOR THE AGING BY TYPE OF PROGRAM 12
VI. REPORTED NUMBER-OF PERSON§'65 AND OVERSERVED IN EXTENSION PROGRAMS 12
NUMBER OF-GROUP PROGRAMS FOR THE AGINGBY TYPE OF PROGRAM 15
VIII. NUMBER OF PERSONS 65.AND OVER SERVED ANDAVERAGE NUMBER OF AGING SERVED PER GROUPPROGRAM FOR THE AGING
IX. NUMBER OF SPECIAL MATERIALS PROGRAMS FORTHE 'AGING BY TYPE OFF PROGRAM
%X. NUMBER OF PERSONS 65 AND-OVER SERVED BYSPECIAL MATERIALS PROGRAMS FOR THE AGING
XI. AMOUNT FORMALLY BUDGETED BY PUBLICLIBRARIES FOR SERVICES TO THE AGING
MI. FINANCIAL SUPPORT OBTAINED FROM. SOURCESOTHER THAN LOCAL TAXATION FOR SERVICES TOTHE AGING BY REPORTING PUBLIC LIBRARIES
15
16
17
18
19
FollowingPage
, XIII. AMOUNT OF ()RANTS FROM THE LSCA FORSERVICES TO THE AGING 19
XIV. EXAMPLES OF ESTIMATED COSTS OF PROVIDINGEXTENSION SERVICES TO THE AGING 19
. XV. EXAMPLES OF ESTIMATED COSTS OF PROVIDING20GROUP PROGRAMS FOR THE AGING
._
,XVI. NUMBER OF RELATIONSHIPS-BETWEEN PUBLICLIBRARIES AND COMMUNITY AGENCIES INVOLVING-LIBR-ARY 'SERVICES TO THE AGING" 22
-XVII. PAST RELATIVE PRIORITY AMONG AGE GROUPSFOR PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT :(FIVE YEARS AGO) 23
XVII_ I. PRESENT RELATIVE PRIORITY AMONG AGEGROUPS FOR PROGR JM DEVELOPMENT 23
XIX: FUTURE RELATIVE PRIORITY AMONG AGE. GROUPSFOR PROGRAM.DEVELOPMENT (FIVE YEARS HENCE)- 23
XX, LIBRARIAN EVALUATION OF NEEDS FOR THEAGING BY TYPE OF SERVICE 24
XXI. THE SIGNIFICANCE OF-VARIOUS CONSTRAINTSREGARDING LIBRARY SERVICES TO THE,AGING 24-
6.,,,,
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r
,,.., .,,,
I. BACKGROUND OF THE SECOND PHASE SURVEY.
As th*1 aging have-become increasingly identified as a separatesegment of the population, .the volume and scope of library programsand services to that segment have'increa.sed. The, first phase of theNational Survey of-Library:SerViCes to the.Aging described the effOrtsseveral libraries identified as-having pro\tided programs and services fort:the:1165"and over population. This`second phase, of the survey establishes,
Non A nationwide scale, the scope of public library prograrns and .servicesto the aging. -.
This chapter describes the background\and scope of the study andexplains the Methodology which has been utilized.
1. THE FIRST, kiASETOF.:THE NAT/C&AL SURVEY OF 'LIBRARYSERVICES. TO -THE AGING EXAMIy/tD_PROGRAMS AND SERVICES'PROVIDED. BY -CERTAIN PUBLIC/AND. INSTITUTIONAL LIBRARIESAND MADE RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE IMPROVEMENTS
The purpose of the' first phase of the ,survey was to examine specificlibrary Services rendered to persons over 65 by certain identified publiclibraries and libraries at .State and iederal-institutions, and to makerecommendations for the improvement of both current and future service.State library agencies, state administrations on aging; U. S. Departmentof Health, Education, and Welfare (USI)HEW) regional program officers,and other selected individuals and agencies were contacted-to identifylibrarieS that were believed to provide specific library, programs-orservices fOr the 65 and over population. Those identified were subse-quently surveyed questionnaire and/or'field intervie\ws.
(1) Prior to the First Phase of This urve , InformationRegarding_ Library Services tsf the Aging. Was AvailablePrimarily Through Articles Describing IndividualPrograms Written for -Library Periodicals
The need for a survey was prompted by the lack of 'basic, nationwide information on the extent of specificlibrary services t6 the aging: The U. S. Offic of Educationand several knowledgeable librarians were con erned thatdespite the increased national attention and pr 'ority being
given the prablemsof the groviing elderly population in theUnited States, a comprehensive, current inventory of libraryservices provided to the aging did not exist. This informa-tion was regarded as vital to-national, state, and locallibrary agencies inasbessitigtideds-and priorities. inlibraryservices to this segrnent; of our population. Such researchwas vievred as a necessary partof programs of the USDHEWto enhance the quality,of life for all Ainericans.
(2) The Requireinent.fOr_a 'Comprehensive Examination ofthe.State of Library-Services to the-Aging Was Also .
ErnphaSited- by the White House Ci.:=',1`r '? on Aging,Condu.cted\ILLNOveMber and Dece c .L271
. The Whit_ e -HOuse:Conference obi Aging, conducted duringNOvember and December, 1971,.further errif-ihasized the needsof the aging and the-limited extent ttNichich public and private'resources were meeting their -needs:. As part of the firstphase of the survey, a docurnenf.discuksinethe state Of libraryservices to the aging.was Triade availeble for distrib\ition.to the
'delegates at the White House eonterer:e. e
(3)a The First Phase of the _Survey Was ,Limited by, SeveralFactors ,
Only public libraries specifiCally identified* prOvidingservices to the aging: were investigated,chiringthe_lIfirst phase.While it was' believed that rriost\of the libraries providing .specific services for the aging hau been identified,-\proofofthat assumption was lacking. To.evalUate 'adequately the state,of library services to the aging as-rendered by .public' librartes,it was clearly necessary to investigate other libraries which mayor may not provide services, as Well as libraries laiown toprovide services. By surveying all major public libraries inthe United States; it is ,possible to-draw valid general conclu-sions concerning the Overall state of public library services' .
to_ the aging.
2. THE PURPOSE OF THIS SECOND PHASE OF THE SURVEY IS TO- EXAMINE THE STATE OF LIBRARY SERVICES Tp THE AGING
AS PROVIDED BY MAJOR PUBI te-,LIBRARIliS IN THE UNITEDSTATES
The original study proposal included adminiStration of a mailquestionnaire to about 1, W-libraries in the Unitell State-s setvingTopu-lations of 25, 000 Or more. In this way, a complete description of
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scope and extent of publiclibrary services to the aging was to be obtained.Because of research fundingimitations, this approach was deferred to.the second phase.
The first phase of the survey examined only-thoseldentifiableprograms or services to the aging being, offered by public libraries andlibraries at-state and federal institutions.' This second phase comple7--lents and supplements the first phase by providing information on a,r Aete universe of public' libraries as a basis for evaluation of the
ret,orted results of the first phage.
(1) Exatriination of'the 1, 330NlajOrPublic Libraries- ProvideS the Opportunity to Establish Valid Baseline
Data fbrzPlanning Future Delivery -Of. Services to theA in
Thy planning and development of library services forthe aging require knowledge p1 their operation and scope.From this body of informationl' recommendations can beformulated -for future development of services= to the aging.Measurement of future development of library services to;the aging, Moreover, requires detailed baseline data. Priorto this, survey, such baieline data was not available.'
1(2) Some' Limitations of the First Phase Persisted in ThisPhase of the Survey
These limitations dre described belOw.
(3.1) The definition of "services" established forthe study posed interpretational problems formany respondents-
Public libraries traditionally-have not organ-ized and provided services.to particular segmentsof the adult population. The,aging and other identi -fiable population groups ge erally have not beensingled out for special pla ning, programming,budgeting, and delivery of services.
In responding to questionnaires designed toelicit' information On services to specific groupswithin the adult populatiod, many librarians foundit difficult conceptually to react to the focus of thestudy and to organize and report information theyheretofore had not regarded as significant in plan-ning and providing services.
(2. 2) Not all services benefiting the aging wereincluded in the scope of the study
The \definition of "service, " as established forthis study, excluded many library services madeavailable to and used by older persons. Regular androutine ServicesWere not included, nor were servicesin which the minority of users were older persons.
(2.3) Not all public, libraries were included withinthe scope of the study
The = public libraries surveyed were all thosewith service area<poiSulations exceeding 25,000, asidentified by U. S. Department of Health, Education,and Welfare data.
(2.4) User_ and nonuser needs and preferences forlibrary
BedauSe of budgetary constraints, no , attemptwas made to .evaluate the reading_intefedts,.and'extent ortibrary use-by-the agirig. (The fikst-Thaseof the study did seek to identify,any research andevaluation of user and nonuser'fieeds known to thereSpondentd to the mail questionnaires. )-
(2:5) Significant limitations exist in the reliabilityof data reported via mail questionnaire
Financial and statistical records on servicesto the aging are not routinely maintained by publiclibraries--in part, because program-orientedbudgeting systems are not commonly used by librar-ies and, more fundamentally, because libraries havetraditionally not considered services to the aging as adefinable, discrete special service. Data, therefore,useful to-the study is often unidentifiably merged withlarger aggregations of library information reportedcommonly by unit of organization such as "extensionservices," "bookmobile services," :'hospitals andinstitutions." Librarians, therefore, were oftenrequired to make ad hoc calculations and informedestimates in response to' questions concerning theallocation of financial and personnel resources,devoted to services to the aging, as well as numbersof users of such' services.
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3. THE STUDY WAS PERFORMED BY EVALUATION AND ANALYSISOF QUESTIONNAIRES MAILED TO THE 1,330 PUBLIC LIBRARIESWITH SERVICE AREA POPULATIONS EXCEEDING 25, 000
The procedures used in selecting and surveying a nationwide sampleof public libraries are summarized below.
(1) hi Order To Assure Continuity Between the TWO Phasesof the Survey;-Definitions and.Instructiona for theQuestionnaires used for Both Phases Were_Kept*Similar
Although it is recognized that-tlie ,human aging processbegins much earlier, the'aging, for purposes of this study,were defined in chronblogiCal terms only as persons 65 and()Ver. ThiS Was done to Maintain Conformity with the, definitionof 'the Older Americatu3 Act and-age increments used _by theU.S. Bureau of the CensuS.
A program or service for the aging was defined as anylibrary prograin or Service (1) which is offered specificallyfor the aging or ."(2) in which 50% of the participanteairel5years of age or olaer -(65+); This definition_ eliminatedregular services offered routinely to clientele of the librarywithout special regard-to the age, location, or physicalcharacteristics of-the user.
. -Under the study definition, the services surveyed,therefore, could be a part of- what is commonly known as thespecial or: outreach services of the library or specific,pro-grams deSigned eichisively for older persons. For example,Under the study definition A subbranch in a senior citizensapartment or delivery Of materials to a nursing home where50% or mere of the users. are 65 years of age or over consti-tute services the aging. Clubs for senior citizens or filmprograms in which over 50%\of the audience is 65 or oldermeet survey criteria as a program for the aging. 'Similarly, ithe provision of special materials is considered a programservice only if more than 50%-of the users are 65 or older. \IFor purposes of the study, the term "services" is meant toinclude both "programs" and s'ervices.",
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(2) Libraries Surveyed Were Desi ated by USDHEWListings of Public Library Systems with Service AreaPopulations Exceeding `25, 000 According to the 1970Census
_ The National Center for Educational Statistics 'ofUSDHEW provided the Study_ team With the names andaddresses of those 'public libraries which were. questioned.A questionnaire was mailed to :each library identified as a"public library serving an area with at least 25, 000 inhabit-ants, during fiscal-year 1974. " AboUt '1%_ of the total publiclibraries surveyed indicated that -their service areas hadpopulations Of lesS than 25, 000. Populations reported werebased upon the _1976 federal census.
Library systems were not intended to:be-queried- "asa system, " but rather asindiVidual public libratires4-ft3.Jbliclibraries are defined as libraries'Servirig,free-all r4iiibentsof a given region, receiving financial support from publicfunds,_ goveiriedbyr_a single board of trustees, and adtriinis-tered by a: single: director. it is felt that the detailedinformation required is more readily available at the locallibrary level, where there is ready ,access to the indiiiduallibratiansproviding service to the aging. The precisedefinition of" the term "systems" is specified in USDHEWOE Form 2310. -
(3) A Questionnaire Was Developed, Pretested, andDistributed to 1,330 Libraries
The research design for this phase of the survey wasprepared and. reviewed in May, 1972. A questionnaire wasdeveloped using questionnaire from the first phase of thesurvey as a guide. Preliminary drafts of the questionnairewere reviewed and approved,* the professiorial advisorycommittee.
The questionnaire was satisfactorily pretested by threepublic libraries. In addition, three librarians independentlycertified that the questionnaire did not constitute an invasionof nor was it otherwise "objectionable. " A copy ofthe questionnaire used in the survey appears in Appendix Ato this report. f C
The first mailing to 1,330 public libraries was in July,1972. Public libraries that had responded to the first phase
of the survey were provided with a partially: completedquestionnaire and a separate cover letter, .requesting thatprerecordedinformation be validated and remaining questionsbe answered.
Two follow-up letters were subsequently mailed tononresponding libratieS. Copies of these letters are includedin Appendix A.
The deadline far return of all questionnaires wasOctober 31, 1972.
Nearly Two-,-=Thirds .or_ 858 Libraries of All PublicLibraries Surveyed =Responded --Representing ServiceAreas EncotopasSinl,108 /
.The total population served by the-public libraries'urveyed- was about 145, 575, 000. Responses were received
fr rri 858 or 65% of: publiclibraries with total. service areapopulation Of approximately 107, 949, 000. The relationshipbetween the.U. s. :population and the sample .is.graphicallydepicted below.
Exhibit I, following this Page, shows the number ofquestionnaires sent and returned by public libraries in eachstate. A complete list of all responding public libraries, bystate, is presented in Appendix B.
- The service areas of yesponding.publicjibrarieS includeabout 10, 729000. people 65 or over, or about 53% of the agingpopulation of the United States. -The- percent of the 65 or overpopulation included in survey responses for each state is shownin Exhibit -11, following this page..*
Responding libraries repOrted employing a total of over37, 000 full-time staff members, with total budgets for allpurposes exceeding $440, 000, 000 for their most current fiscalyear.
1
In the first phase. 223 public libraries were sent questionnaires; in the second.phase, 167libraries surveyed in the first phase did not receive questionnaires, since they did not meet thesecond phase survey criteria requiring service area populations to exceed 25,000.
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EXHIBIT IINational Survey of Library
Services to the Aging65 AND OVER POPULATION INCLUDED IN RETURNED QUESTIONNAIRES
611,110irtrinulo.117r01 OrAtlifta7100100,070111$1, 100 VOMPF.111'IL, AIM IVO lry
ro
N
II. FINDINGS ON CURRENT PU.I3LIC. LIBRARY PROGRAMSAND SERVICES TO THE AGING
As indicated previously, this _study focuses On public library services. .
offered to the aging.specifWally Or to a.generaLaudience in -whicli 50% orimore of the participants are 65 or over. Not included are regular or
routine services, such as general circulation and reference ger Vices,services such as special collection shelves, or book lists concerned with, Iior specifically for the aging. .,
This chapter describes services offered by public libraries to theaging. The inTormation :presented' has'been summarized from survey,questionnaires in this second phase and material collected during the firstphase.
1. ABOUT 75% OF THE RESPONDING PUBLIC 'Lli3RARIES STATEDTHAT SOME TYPE OF SPECIFIC PROGRAM JR SERVICE TO THEAGING WAS OFFERED
For study purposes, programs and services were categoriTed-al-(I) extensiOn services, -(2) group prOgrains, =Or i(3) provision of specialmaterials. Detailed explanations of each category appear later in-the text.
While the responses from many libraries Were thorOtigh and detailed,more 'freqUently,the_reSpOnses- did not contain sufficient detail fo evaluatethe degree to:which-the study criteria for services were met. In.theseinstances, it was assumed that criteria and questionnaire instructions hadbeen f011oWed. Based upon this iiietheid of interpretation, about 75% of'theresponding libraries provide some servicesAo the aging.
2. THE AGING RECEIVEIABRARY_S_ERVICES, OTHER THAN GENERALSERVICES, PRIMARILY THROUGH THEIR MEMBERSHIP IN OTHERGROUPS DESIGNATED FOR SPECIAL SERVICE
This finding confirfned A similar,finding-of the study's first phase.Most public library services to the aging, are services primarily designedfor the handicapped or the =homeboundgroups in which the aging are likely,to constitute the majority of users.
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4.
;1=
Few extension programS are designed .exclusively f6r the aging.However,- the aging, as a group, can benefit greatly from the provisionof homebound and other extension services, "since that population segmentas documented in the first phase report is less mobile, than the rest ofthe population. According to the first phase report:
About 19% of noninstitutionalized perions 65 and overhave some restriction in mobility due to a chronicphSrsical disability.
..About` % of all persons 65 and over are institutionalized.
The income of those 65 and_,over is significantly lessthan that. of the rest of the population, thereby, increasingthe aging's dependence upon _Public transportation anddecreasing their freedom of -movement.
A more -detailed de_ gcription'of these characteriStics is contained inthe first phase report.
Many of the same physical limitations that make extension servicesdesirable require the provision of epecialiateria18. No special materials.program is known- to be designed exclusively for the aging.. The-aging,however, are frequently the primary beneficiaries of services based onpeciaLmaterialS.
3. MOST PUBLIC LIBRARIES OFFER SPECIAL MATERIALS AND'EXTENSION SERVICES TO THE AGING; LESS THAN HALF OFFERGROUP PROGRAMS
!.-The percent of responding libraries thai provide one or more of the
three major types of services is shown hi the following table.
PERCENT OF RESPONDIN 'PUBLIC -LIBRARIES OFFERINGEACH TYPE OF SERVICE TO THE AGING
perc"eni of RespondingType of Service Libraries Offering Services_
Special Materials / 740,10
,Extension 61Group Programs 44
A summary of the number of libraries offering each type of service is. shown in Exhibit III, folloing thii page.
State
EXHIBIT inNational Suryey of Library Services to the Aging
NUMBER OF PUBLIC LIBRARIESOFFERING TYPES OF LIBRARY SERVICES TO THE AGING
Total Libraries Types of Services -
Responding \Special Group Programs-to Survey Extension Materials Total In Library Out of Library
NOTE: ' .. - -.. .Forsroup programs the column labeled "Total" shows the niimbei of public libraries that provide groupprogramsfor the aging sither inside and/or outside ;lie- library. The two remaining 'columns show the..,.number of libraries that provide group programs only in the library and Only out of the library. There-fore, the sum of the "In Library" and "Out of Library" columns do not necessarily equal the columnlabeled "Total," since a library may have prograrhs both in and out of the library, only in the library,. _or only'out of the library.
4. USE OF PUBLIC LIBRARY SERVICES FOR THE AGING CONSISTSMAINLY OF EXTENSION SERVICES, - FOLLOWED BY GROUPPROGRAMS AND SPECIAL MATERIALS.
The number of the aging using the three major types of publiclibrary services to the aging, as reported in returned-questionnaires,is shown in Exhibit IV, following this page. The exhibitalso comparesthe percentages for each type' of service between the finding§ of the firstand second phases of the study. In summary; the findings of the secondphase verify that aboutwo-thirds of the public library services used bythe aging consist of extension services._ Gioup programs arid- special
'------rnaterials each make up about one -sixth of the totaltserviceS used by theaging. -.?Each type of program is discussed in detail in the succeedingsections of this chapter.
5. EXTENSION SERVICES TO:THE AGING ARE PROVIDED BYMAJORITY OF THE RESPONDING PUBLIC.LIBRARIES
The scope-arid dimension of extension services-are describedbelow.
(1) Extension:Services Include Library-Sponsored Activities .
That Increase Access to Materials for Those Who ran:nOtConveniently Use.Library Facilities Because of MobilityConstraints
Examples of extension.services made available to theaging include:
Delivery service to the institutionalized orhomebound, such as:
BookmobilesMailing of books and materialsPersonal 'distribution of materials.
Subbranches or deposit collections locatedin:
Senior citizen centersApartments for the agingNursing homes.
BIT IVNational Survey f Library Services to the Aging
USERS OF PUBLIC LIERARY SERVICES TO THE AGING
Number Of 65And Over Users Second Phase -- girst Phase- -From Responding Percent Of All Percent Of All
Libraries 65 And 'Over Users 65 And Over Users
EXtension Services 118, 570 68.5% 68.9''0
Group Programs
`Total 27,272 15.8 19.2
ti . In Library 13, 331 7. 7 7.8. Outside Library 13. 941 8.1 11.4
Special Nimr.rials 27,2'25 15.7 11. 9
cTotal. 173,070 100. 0% 100. 0%
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Source: Booz, Allen & Hamilton survey of public libraries. 7
1
The aging who are users of this service primarilyinclude:
Persons without access to transportationto alternate library facilities
Persons who are physically incapable ofleaving their residence.
(2) Sixty -One Percent or. 522 Libraries Provide One or
-
More ExtenSion Services to the Aging
About 61% of the respOnding libraries provide a totalof 857 different extension services to about 120, 000 personsover 65. The number and type ofextehsion services offeredto the aginrs shown in Exhibit V, following this page.
Deposit collections account for 42% of 857 reportedextension programs. About 25% of all extension programswere classified as homebound services, and about 21% werebookmobile service. The following' table summarizes thepercent of each type of extension service offered among thetotal for all reported extension services.
PERCENT OF EXTENSION SEJIVIdES REPORTEDBY RESPONDING LIBRARIES
Percent of AllType of Extension Service Extension Servictstarted
Deposit collection 42%Homebound 25Bookmobile 21Personal nursing home service 4Other 8
Total 100%
Not all libraries reported the number of aging personsserved by extension programs. Libraries reporting,thenumber regularly served generally relied on estimatesrather than precise records, particularly in the case ofdeposit collections. The term "regularly served, " asused in the survey meant the number of aging personswho are frequent or habitual users of a program or ser-vice, rather than the sum of the number of persons servedon each occasion that the services are offered.
Exhibit VI, following Exhibit V, shows the estimatednumber of aging persons reported as being regularly servedby extension services,
-12 -'
EXHIBIT V ..
National Survey of Library Services to the AgingNUMBER OF EXTENSION
EXHIBIT VINational Survey of Library Services to the Aging
REPORTED NUMBER OFPERSONS 65 AND OVER SERVED IN EXTENSION PROGRAMS
Number of IndividualExtension Services
Estimated Total for Which Number Average Number,Nturber of Persons 65 of Persons 65 and Of Persons 65 and
and Over Regularly Served Over Served Was Reported Over Served per Program
31047
7911,1508,2581,074
105_:75
16,3872'7336960
13,302-3,253
47750
9831,260
590615
3,25311,5467,975.
1733;564
-19613
100C,,651
4 , 3441,663,047
10,4931,883
2354,632
90257102
1,0107,527
68-
3431,317
2,512144
118.570-
2 4552 il"237 1137 164
45 1839 1191 1052 37
17 9641 2732 1842 30
31 42919 17112 40
1 507 1409 1404 1477 88
26 12529 39818 443
7 ' 259 396
, - -z...=
365
2 61 100
--A4116 166 A
- -40 10921 797 435 4
46 22847 269
4 5918 257
8 116 431 1024 252
26 2893 23- -7 49
12 110
8 3145 99
521 228A.....a1
The "average number served per extension services wasabout'230. This estimate is influenced by the predominanceof deposit cone 'Oions offered, which permit large numbers tohave access to materials at relatively low cost, and the,diffi-culty of obtaining accurate, precise estimates of the numberof persons regularly served.
Librarians, in the.second phase, again commented onthe importance of, personal contact with aging individuals.Many felt that when one-to-one contact has been established,the homebound or institutibnalized'aging person enjoyed thepersonal interaction as much or more than the library mate-rials which were made available.
6. GROUP PROGRAMS FOR THE AGING ARE AVAILABLE INLESS THAN HALF OF.THE RESPONDING LIBRARIES
Forty-four percent or 378 public libraries reported offering groupprograms for the aging.
(1) Group Programs Include a Variety of ActivitiesConducted Both Inside and Outside 'the Library
Within the library, group programs include:
Clubs
Senior citizensLiterarySpecial interest.
Films and film programsBook talksDiscussion groupsEducation or instruction programs.
Group programs for the aging conducted outside thelibrary include:
Dissemination of information of interestto the aging in:
NewspapersRadioTelevision..
Activities such as those listed as availablein the library:
Book talksDiscussion groupsFilm service.
Group programs outside the library are usually offeredin facilities such as:
(2) Group Programs Inside the Library, PrimarilyConSibtilin Pro rams and Book 'Mika, AreConducted by 250 or 29% of the Responding PublicLibraries
Reporting libraries served about 13,300 aging personsthrough group programs conducted in-the library.
Film programs were the most frequent type of activityoffered, with 148 being presented. These frequently areoffered to the general public but are heavily attended by theaging. The aging appear to prefer being "out" during theday. They are attracted by film prOgrarns which arefree and offered during the normal working hours of mostemployed individuals: Programs of Wok talks and reviewsenjoyed popularity with the aging for the same reasons.
Forty -two clubs were reportedly conducted in thelibrary. These range from a variety of general clubssponsored by outside groups and conducted in the library"building to a few library-sponsored clubs designed exclu-sively for aging persons. Tours, displays, and exhibitsfor groups of aging persons comprise the 'other major typesof group programs conducted for the aging in the library.
(3) Thirty-Three Percent or 280 of 858 RespondingLibraries Reported Group Programs for the AgingProvided Outside the Library
Group programs conducted outside the library weresimilar in content to those conducted in the library. About141 book talk and review programs and about 93. film pro-grami were conducted for the,aging by the 280 librariesproviding this service. About 24,000 aging- persons benefitedfrom group programs outside the library.
Programs_ outside the library also included activitiesconducted by librarieS for the aging on radio, television,and in the newspaper. These commonly take The form ofbook talks or general information presentations fox' ali adults.While somewhat reliable-methods are .available for estimatingtotal radio, television, arid newspaper audience size, fewlibraries attempted to estimate the number of aging usersfor programs of this type. Therefore,' there appears to beno correlation between estimates for number of aging seBved,and use of these media. One-recent example of the use ofnewspape "r "s to reach the aging is a directory of services forthe aging produced by-the public library of a large city anddistributed as a supplement to the local Suriday newspaper.
(4) Combining Group Programs In and Outside the Library,a Total of 378 Libraries, or About 4401 of AllRespondents, Provided These Services to the Aging
A summary of the number and type of group programsprovided is, shown in Exhibit VII, following this page. Thisexhibit combines programs both in and outside the library.The first two columns in the exhibit show the number ofreporting public libraries that conduct group programs inthe library and the number that conduct group programsout of the library. Since many libraries conduct group pro-grams both inand Out of the library, the third column in theexhibit labeled "Total Number of Reporting Public LibrariesOffering Group Programs" shows the number of -reportingpublic libraries conducting any type of group program for theaging. This exhibit shows that group programs most commonlyconsist of films or book talks.
Not all reporting libraries provided data on the numberof aging served by group programs. Exhibit VIII, followingExhibit VII, shows the estimated number of.aging users, theestimated number.of aging served, and thetaverage number of
State
EXHIBIT VIINational Survey of Library Services to the Aging
NUMBER OF GROUP PROGRAMS FOR THE AGING' BY TYPE OF PROGRAM
Number of LibrariesOfferitigGroupPrograms- Inside Outside
the Library the Library
Total* Number ofReporting Public
Libraries OfferingGroup Programs
Type of Group ServiceRadio, TV
Film BookTalk andEikram Clubs. and Review Newspapers Other
NOTE:'* The sum of the first two colunins does not necessarily equal the total shown in the third column since a librarymay provide group programs in and outside the library. ,
EXHIBIT VIII -National Survey of-Library Services p the Aging
'NUMBER OF PERSONS...65 AND OVER SERVED ANDAVERAGE NUMBER OF ACING' SERVED PER GROUP PROGRAM FOR THE AGING
Number of GroupPrograts for Which
State
Total Total RepottedNuffiber of Libraries -Numberof Persons
aging .users served by each program 3 ierexhibit shows thatan average of 94 aging are served in each program. This datais of unknown reliability due to the quality pf the estimates regard-ding the number of aging regularly served by group. programs.
7.. SPECIAL MATERIALS FOR HANDICAPPED READERS WEREv AVAILABLE IN MOST OF THE RESPONDING LIBRARIES
Special materials ranked as,the most frequently provided servicequalifying as library service to aging 'under the,definition,employed inthis study.
/
(1) Special Materials Include Material and AdjunctEquipment for Those with It ea.ding.Handica:ps
v.The provision of special Materials,bripublic libraries
includes a variety of materials and equipment_
Large-print booksTalking books
RecordingsTapes, cassettes, and reels
Magnifying equipmentPage turnersProjectors for use with conventional printSpecial reference collections.
Special materials are available for all persons and are,of course, not restricted to use by the agitg. The Se materialsare designed to alleviate sight or Ohysical handicaps whichpreclude the use of normal library resources.
-(2) Special Materials Are Provided by 638 of the 858, or
74% of the Responding Libraries
IOver 95% oilhe responding libraries which providespecial materials have, large-print bboks available. Talkingbooks are provided by abqut 42%; and magnifiers and otherreading aids are available `in about 32% of those librariesoffering special materials. A.summary of the number ofrespondents providing special materials and the total numberof those providing the various types of materials is shown inExhibit IX, following this page. A program involving the pro-vision of special materials as defined in this study is one inWhich 50% or more of all regular or frequent users are age65 or over.
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0
C
State
EXHIBIT IXNational Survey of Library Services to the Aging
NUMBER OF SPECIALMATERIALS PROGRAMS FOR THE AGING BY TYPE OF PROGRAM
Number of Types of Programsfor the Prevision-of
Special Materials to the AyingNumber of . Magnifiers'
Libraries Providing -:Large and OtherSpecial Materials Print Talking Reading
for -the Aging Books BOoks Aids Cassettes Films Other
AlabamaAlaska-ArizonaArkansasCaliforniaColorado'.ConnecticutDelawareDistrict' of ColumbiaFloridaGeorgiaHawaiiIdahoIllinoisIndianaIowaKansasKentkickyLbuisianaMaineMarylandMassachusettsMichiganMinnesotaMississippiMissouriMontanaNebraskaNevada ,New HampshireNew JerseyNew MexicoNew YorkNorth CarolinaNorth DakotaOhio
Estimates of the number of aging served in librarieswhere the aging constitute-50% or more of the users of specialmateriala are provided in Exhibit X, following this page. Adash means no estimate was 'made or available. Of all the'estimates by public libraries of the number of aging personsserved .by a type of program, those for spedial materials usageare most likely to be in error,- since age information is"rarelyshown on circulation statistics, and since circulation of specialmaterials is generally not Separated from othS circulationrecords and, statistics. Based on the data submitted by res-:ponding libraries, an average of about 43 aging personsper library use special materials where such materials areprovided.
A number of responding libraries reported that specialmaterials generally were infrequently Used. Often this wasattributed to lack of accompanying publicity regarding theavailability of special materials.
Materials available from the Library of CongressDivision for the Blind and Physically Handicapped (DBPH)were available for demonstration by 30' of the 638 prOviders
- of special materials. The services offered included assistingwith applications, demonstrating the use of materials, adver-tising the program, acting as a subregional distribution point,and assisting users with materialS-selection. In the DBPHprogram partiCularly, as with other special materials, con-cern for the handicapped, of all ages has resulted in significantbenefits to the aging. As special materials continue to becomeincreasingly available and known, it can be anticipated' thattheir utilization.will continue to grow.
EXHIBIT XNational Survey of Library Services to the Aging
NUMBER OF PERSONS65 AND OVERSERVED BY SPECIAL MATERIALS PROGRAMS FOR THE AGING
State
Numberof Libraries-
Offering SpedialMaterials for the Aging
Number of Persons65 and Over Served
AlabamaAlaskaArizonaArkansasCaliforniaColoradoConnecticutDelawareDistrict of ColumbiaFlorida .
Virginia 17 373Washington 1 366West Virginia 5 -Wisconsin 14 213Wyoming 3 360
Total 638 27,228
FINANCiALSUPPO A'PROGRAMS EitiVie--a
Ill. FINANCIAL SUPPORT TO THE ,PUBLIC LIBRARYPROGRAMS AND SERVICES TO THE AGING
This chapter incorporates study findings on the sources and magnitudeof financial stipPort for public.library programs and services. to the aging.For 751 of the 858 responding public libraries who provided budget data, thetotal budget for all purposes was about $444,518,000.
1. SIXTY -svEN OR 81/0 OF THE RESPONDING PUBLIC LIBRARIESBUDGETED $594, 000 FOR LIBRARY SERVICES TO THE AGINGIN 1972
For the 67 libraries which reported formal budget proVisions forprograms and seryices to the aging, the total budget for all purpo,ses wasabout $74,117, 000 for fiscal year 1972. The atnount formally budgeted forthe aging is slightly over 0. 8% of the total budgets of these 67 libraries.
The amount budgeted by public libraries for the aging is shown inExhibit XI,' following this page. For fiscal years 1971 and 1972, for whichthe most complete data was available, the average amount budgeted perlibrary was about $8, 390 and $8, 860 respectively, which constitutes anincrease of '6%.
Data for fiscal year 1973 was :requested. in the survey,. Because ofvariations in fiscal periods among A1 e-reporting public libraries, manylibraries We're not aware:_of-fis61.1 1973 budget provisions. Data, there-fore, is not cor-pre eri:-(Forty public libraries reported a total of about.$177, 000 for an average of about $4,400 per library lost. fiscal year 1973.)
The reported amounts budgeted for the aging shows a general increaseover the past three years.
TRENDS IN DOLLAR AMOUNTS FORMALLY BUDGETEDFOR THE AG LNG BY PUBLIC LIBRARIES -
Total PublicLNaries Reporting.
F. rural BudgetNumber of .Years Number of Responding Libraries Prov.sions for the' Percentfor Which Data Net Budget, No Budget Net Budget Aging for Two of Total
Is Reported Increase Change Reduction or More Years - Reporting
2 13 9 4 26 48t',171 5 4 18 33
-1 6 3 10 19
5.1
-18-,
A
EXHIBIT XINational Survey of Library Services to the Aging
AMOUNT FORMALLY BUDGETEDBY PUBLIC LIBRARIES FOR SERVICES TO THE AGING
NOTE: Numbers enclosed in parentheses indicate the number of libraries responding.
2. IN FISCAL 1972 APPROXIMATELY TWO -THIRDS ,OF ALLOUTSIDE FUNDING FOR LIBRARY SERVICES TO THE .AGING IN'PUBLIC LIBRARIES WAS PROVIDED BY LIBRARY SERVICESAND CONSTRUCTION ACT (LSCA) GRANTS
For fiscal 1972, a total of $843, 000 was supplied to public librariesfrom sources other than local taxation. These sources and amounts areshown in.Exhibit XII, following this page. The federal government, pri-iaarily through LSCA, provided about 75% of all nonlOcal tax money forservices to the aging.
LSCA grants to public libraries for library services to the aging areshown in Exhibit XII, following Exhibit XII. For fiscal 1973, $219, 000 ofLSCA grants were reported for a t6ta.l. of $391-, 000 of funding for libraryservices to the aging from sources other than local taxation. However,many libraries were unaware of fiscal 1973' grants, and the status of several1973 project fundings was recorded as being unknown.
The trend in LSCA funding for library services to the aging as reportedby responding public' libraries shows a slight increase.
TRENDS IN AMOUNTS OF LSCA GRANTS TOINDIVIDUAL PUBLIC LIBRARIES FOR SERVICE TO THE AGING
Total PublicNumber of Years Number of Responding Libraries . Libraries Reporting Percentfor Whicii,Grant Net Grant No Net Grant LSCA Grants Continuing of TotalData Is Reported Increase Change Reduction for Two or More Years Reporting
3. COSTS OF LIBRARY SERVICES TO THE AGING ARE HIGHESTFOR EXTENSION SERVICES
Few public libraries record program costs or numbers of personsregularly served by a specific program or service. Information suppliedby responding public libraries was generally based upon estimates, andwide cost variations exist among respondents providing similar services.
(1) The Estimated Cost per Person of Extension Servicesto the Aging Appears To Be About $42 per Year
Exhibit XIV, following Exhibit XIII, shows the cost perperson for extension services as provided by 14 of the reportingpolic libraries. The exhibit was prepared by arbitrarilyselecting 18 public libraries which appeared to provide complete
---------
EXHIBIT XIINational Survey'of Library Services
to/the Aging .
FINANCIAL SUIPORT OBTAINED FROMSOURCES OTI-Ot THAN LOCAL TAXATION
FOR SERVICES TO THE AGINGBY REPpRTING PUBLIC LIBRARIES
Source r Fiscal Year1970/ 1971 1972
LSCA // $207, 169 $1.3,\
686 $5.34, 115
Older Americans Act 14, 000 11, 108 21, 674
Other Federal GrantSth 2, 500 80, 710 90, 500
State 34, 088. 38, 416 55, 902
Contracts for Service 550 550 68, 550
Philanthropy 27, 514 27, 281 33, 070
Other(2)
Total
1, 100 18, 370 3.9, 405
$286, 921 $372, 121 $843, 216
Notes:
(1) Examples of other federal grants include Emergency Employment ,
Act, Social Security, and Right-to-Read Prograin.
(2) These funds were not further identified by responding libr4es.
State
AlabamaAlaskaArizonaArkansasCaliforniaColoradoConnecticutDelawareDistrict of ColwnblaFloridaGeorgiaHawaiiIdahoIllinoisIndianaIowaKansasKentuckytold-SiamMaineMarylandMassachusettsMichiganMinnesotaMississippiMissouriMontana
14 Films at senior citizen center, depositcollection, homebound 865 8,800 10.17
4 a Total 4,503 $190,493 $42.30
NOTE: Among the 14 public libraries selected, service area population ranges are as follows:
Less than, 50,000 5Between 50,000 and 200,000 6
Greater than 200,000 314
information on costs and number of persons served. The twolibraries with the Icrwest estimated cost per person served andthe two libraries with the highest estimated cost per personserved were exclrided for purposes of calculation. An averageestimated cost per persori served was determined from the dataof the remaining 14 libraries.
The estimated program costs should be regarded withcaution, because of the dramatic variations in cost per personserved reported by the 14 libraries. Furthermore, it shouldbe noted that extension services vary greatly in staff time andmaterials required. Books by mail and deposit collectionsusing volunteers are obviously less costly to maintain than per-sonalized homebound services. Also, methods of accounting forcosts are not standardized among public libraries, and definitionsof,costs and services are not uniform. For example, bookmobileservices and costs should be allocated to all users, not merelythe aging, when other age groups are served.
For comparison, the estimated cost per person servedfor all extension services in the first reported phase of the studywas $5.72. The average estimated cost per person served forthe three extension programs for which detailed specific cost datawas obtained in the first phase was $29.92.
(2) Group Programs, Both Those Conducted In and Out of theLibrary, As Summarized by Respondents Shown in Exhibit XV,Cost About $17 per Aging Person Served per Year
Exhibit XV, following this page, presents data from 14responding public libraries. This exhibit was constructed inthe same manner,as Exhibit XIV.
In the first phase it was determined that the average costper person for group programs was about $1.35 per year. Therather significant variance is felt to be primarily the result ofthe difficulty experienced by the libraries in obtaining accurateinformation. However, the ratio of extension service costs togroup program costs from data in each phase of the survey showsthat extension services are at least over twice as costly perperson as group programs:
Pint Phase Second PhaseRatio Ratio
Extension Group.Service Cost -7- Program Cost 4.24 2.45
per Person per 'Person
-20-
EXHIBIT XV
National Survey of Library Services to the AgingEXAMPLES OF ESTIMATED,
COSTS OF PROVIDING GROUP PROGRAMS FOR THE AGING
Library Types of Service(s) Offered
Estimated TotalNumber of Persons65 and Over Served
EstimatedServiceExpenses
EstiniatedCost per Pelson
Served Per Annum
1 Film programs 230 $10,900 - $47.39
2 Film programs, book talks 450 15,581 34.62
3 Film programs 35 600 17.14
4 Book talks 60 1,000 16.67
5 .Film programs 45 750 16.67
6 Book talks, films,' investment services 120 2,000 16.67
7 Film programs 30 240 8.00
S Movie hour, film programs,i
book talks 135 1,000 7.41
9 Special tours, film programs 106 600 5.66
10 .. Film Programs 306 1,300 4.25
it Art exhibits, senior citizen days 120 500 4.17
12 Film programs 25 100 4.00
13 Senior citizen programs, book talks 150 600 4.00
14 Book talks, film programs 285 1,047 3.67
Total 2,097 $36418 $17, ;7
NOTE: Among the 14 public libraries selected, service area population ranges are as follows:
Less than 50,000 . 5Between 50,000 and 200,00b 9
Greater than 200,000 014
Meaningful Data on the Costs for Special Materials forthe Aging Are Not Available From Survey Responses
As previously noted, the estimates for special materialsusage by aging persons are most likely to be in error, sinceage information is rarely-shown in circulation statistics.Furthermore, while cost data for all special materials mightbe obtainable from library records, the method: of allocatingthese costs to serving the aging is not known. Given theseconstraints, it would appear that other methods of determiningcost per aging person served with special materials are avail-able and should be considered for future study. these include:
Examination of Library of Congress, DBPHrecords
Proration of the cost of establishing a.collection of special materials by a publiclibrary over the life of the materials andpercent of aging users.
It is clear that further research having a special focus ,on analysisof library service costs will be needed before definitive and reliable costinformation is available on services to the aging.
IV. DEVELOPMENT OF PUBLIC LIBRARY PROGRAMSAND SERVICES TO THE AGING
_ -This chapter reportth the findings from questions contained in thefourth section of the second phase questionnaire dealing with relationshipswith other community organizations and the attitudes of librarians regard-ing the priorities, requirements, and constraints involved in providinglibrary services to the aging.
1. ABOUT 51% OF RESPONDING PUBLIC LIBRARIES MAINTAINSOME RELATIONSHIPS WITH OTHER LOCAL AGENCIESINVOLVING LIBRARY SERVICES TO THE AGING
The term "relationship" means a specific interagency contact inwhich library skills and/or resources are used or made known or availableto other agencies involved in services to the aging. Of the 858 publiclibraries responding, 438, or about 51%, maintain relationships with oneor more community agencies serving the aging. A total of 1,126 suchrelationships were identified, as shown in Exhibit XVI, following this page.
Cooperation with nursing homes predominates. Other agenciescomprising the majority of the public libraries' relationships include:
. . Councils on aging
. Senior citizens clubs
. Senior citizens housing units
. Senior citizens centers.
As might be expected,,the nature of the relationships covers a broadspectrum ranging from the most casual and sporadic contacts to severalreports of library personnel h lding policy making positions in localcouncils directly involved with all services to the aging.
Most, but not all, of the responding libraries appear to have repeatedor included relationships reported in Section II of the questionnaire (pro-grams or services that your library now provides to those 65 and over) inanswering question IV. A. Therefore, the figures presented in Exhibit XVIshould be viewed as reporting the total number of relationships existing.Furthermore, in interpreting returned questionnaires, it is clear that themajority of relationships are casual; involving a minimal expenditure oftime or effort by the public library.
pp.
414,0t..0,Em^V ^
/ ,
.1 1
WA
5
"
A
J
'1Ir.
la
el A SI
. -
4
It is interesting -to note that while about half of the reporting publiclibraries have developed some form of relationship with other local agen-cies serving the aging, the degree of mutual cooperation may be questionable.The failure of libraries and community agencies to coordinate their effortswas cited as a significant constraint to the delivery of library services tothe aging by about two-thirds of all libraries responding.
2. INCREASING PRIQRITY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF PROGRAMS-AND SERVICES FR THE AGING IS DESIRED BY LIBRARIANS
The questionnaire asked that the relative priority for program develop-ment be ranked among five age groups. The age groups were:
Preschool Ages 1 - 5,Children Ages 6 - 12Young People AgeS 13 - 20Adults Ages21 - 64Aging Age 65 and
Each respondent was requested to evaluate priorities for three time periods:past,(fiye years ago), .present, and the desired future priorities (five years
phence). The relative priorities for each age group, as ranked by over 450.of 858 responding librarians, are shown in Exhibits XVII through XIX,following-this page. These exhibits are summarized and compared in thetable below:
1
'PRIORITY4.=
.1 (Highest)2 .
5 (Lowest)
COMPARISON OF RELATIVE PRIORITYFOR PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT
PAST FUTURE(FIVE YEARS A:10) PRESENT (FIVE YEAR HENCE)
From being ranked last,. the desire future priority for services for theaging based upon the clOse correlation. of 'percentages -shoWn in Exhibit XIX,is on a par with those for. children and young people.
4 ;The priority for the developmest.of programs and services for adults,
ages 121 through 64, is consistently ranke. first. .Contipued andintreasini-",emphasis Tor adult program development is indicated by priority assess-,ments of responding librarians. Five years ago, adult developinent 'priotitrexceeded that of children, the next highest priority, by only 18%. However, ,
iv
EXHIBIT XVIINational Survey of Library Services to the AgingPAST RELATIVE PR'ORITY AMONG AGE GROUPS
Z1OR PROGRAM TIEVEI,OPMENT(Nye years Ago)
Age Gmup ant Priority Second P 'hard r. lort_ Fourth Priority
Preschool (1-5) 14% 15% 255,
Children (6-12) 30 44 1? 5
'toting People 20) 8 19 F 35 26
Adults (21-64) 48 18 19 15
fling (GS #nd Over) 0 4 .,4 21
Totals 100% 1001° 0 100% 100%
, ....;ziet Booz, Aller & Hamilton survey of public Hbra.rles
Fifth Priority
72
100%
EXHIBIT XVIII
National Survey of Library Services td the AgingPRESENT RELATIVE PRIORITY AMONG AGE GROUPS
FOR PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT
Age Gravy First Priority Second riori Third Priority Fourth Priority Fifth Priority
Preschool (1-5)
Children (6-12)
Young People (13-29)
Adults (21-64)
Aging (65 and Over)
Totals
16%
18
7
54...
5
17%
39
18
15
-....:-.... .
22%
22
27 .
15
14
26%
13
26
11
24
195
7
22
6
46
100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
Source. Boor, Allen & Hamilton survey of public libraries.
s
EXHIBIT XIXNational Survey of Library 'Services to the Aging
FUTURE RELATIVE PRIORITY AMONG AGE GROUPSFOR PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT
(Five Years'Hence)
Age Group First Priority Second Priority Third Priority Fourth Priority Fifth Priority
Preschool (1-5) 9% 14% 20% 28d/o 30%
Children (6-12) 8 28 22 24 18
Young People (13-20) 9 23 28 . 20 21
Adults (21-64) 66 10 .--- 7 8 9
Aging (65 and Over) 8 25 23 20 s 22
Totals 100% l00% 100% 100% 100%
Source: Booz, Allen 3c Hamilton survey of public libraries.
=
the desired future priority for adults exceeds the closest rivals, by 57%.For the present and future, over half of all respondents stated that firstpriority was assigned to the<adult (21-64) category.
4
3. EXTENSION SERVICES ARE JUDGED TO HAVE VIE GREATESTIMPORTANCE FOR THE AGING
As previously discussed, -the aging who desire library services,compared to other age groups in the general population, have less accessto oenventional library services and facilities. This problern can be -
satisfied, in part, through extension services. The group* characteristics-which are pertinent are:
Chronic health restrictionsReduced access to and use of private transportation.
Librarians were asked to evaluate the need for various types ofservices far the aging.. Sixty-four-percent indicated that extension serv-ices were necessary and very important, as shown in Exhibit XX, followingthis page. Special materials were ranked next in importance, followed bygroup programs. The emphasis on the importance of extension programsis supported by a comparison of the number of persons served and expendi-tures for Programs or services serving the aging as found in both the firstphase and this survey.
4. AFTE13,1NADEQUATE FUNDS, THE NEXT MOST SIGNIFICANTCONSTRAINTS IN PROVIDING LIBRARY SERVICES TO THE AGINGARE RELATtD TO THE DIFFICULTY OF THE AGING GETTINGTO THE LIBRARY . 'a
Insufficient funds were cited as the most significant constraint toproviding library services to the. aging. Over a third of those who felt -
insufficient funds were a "most significant" constraint ranked it first inorder of relative priority. This is easily understood, since an unlimitedor less restricted availability of funds could alleviate most other constraints.
The second and third most significant constraints relate to the'difficulty of access to the library, as shown in Exhibit XXI, followingExhibit X.X. Architectural barriers and inadequate transportation wereconsidered most significant constraints by 29% and 27% of the respondents,respectively.
Specific architectural barriers mentioned included:
Difficult stairs, 'including lack of rampsLack of meeting roomsGeneral lack of space throughout the library building.
-24-
)
EXHIBIT XXNational Survey of Library Services
to the AgingLIBRARIAN EVALUATION OF NEEDS
FOR THE AGING BY TYPE OF SERVICE
Librarian. Evaluation Of the Need forEach Tvae of Service
Type of Service* Necessary Beneficial Not Needed
Extension 64% 31% 5%
- Special Materials . 56 39 5
Group Progralris 43 49 8
EXHIBIT XXINational Survey of Library Services to the Aging
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF VARIOUSCONSTRAINTS REGARDING LIBRARY SERVICES TO THE AGING
OpWon of Librarians RegardingSignificance of Constraints
ConstraintsMost
Significant SignificantNot
Significant
Insufficient funds 50% 30% 20%,
Architectural barriers in libraries 29 22 49
Inadequate transportation 27 43 30
Inadequate coordination among all communityagencies
20 46 34
Philosophy that.mcAt library needs be met as a partof general services
14 36 50
Insufficient availability of program consultationand technical assistance
13 42 U45
Lack of staff training opportunities 13 39 48
-Lack of appropriate materials 11 27 62
Inability to recruit interested and qualified staff:Professional 10 22 68Paraprofessional 10 23 67
Internal library organization 9 31 60
Inadequate publicity for existing services 8 '41 51
Fear for personal safety 2 11 87
Of those indicating architectural barriers, were a most significant constraint,about one-fourthlfelt that this problem was the first priority. Respondentsconcerned about architectural barriers are apt to be occupants of old orinadequate libraries. It is signifiCant, however, that access difficultiesby the aging are recognized. This awareness is -likely to result in analleviation of architectural barriers in.the next generation of libraryfacilities in these locales.
Ranked in relative- importance-byzwonding libraries, the next mostsigriificant constraint cited was inadequate coordination among communityagencies servicing the aging. In addition to the constraints ranked inExhibit XXI, other items were mentioned by respondents.
Lack of interest, without specification as to whetherthat lack was on the part of ,the aging, or the library,or both.
Difficulty in identifying the aging.
Lack of staff.
AMINmpowilt 41.0001.01.04
,
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0
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V. OVERALL OBSERVATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS
This chapter presents major observations and conclusio s based uponthe findings presented in Chapters II, III, and IV.
1. LESS THAN TWO PERCENT OF THE AGING IN THE UNIT1D STATESARE ESTIMATED TO RECEIVE SPECIFIC LIB_ RARY SERVICE FROMPUBLIC LIBRARIES
The survey sampled public libraries providing services to 145 millionAmericans, or about 70% of the population. Returns were received from.libraries with total, service areas encompassing slightly over 50% of thetotal 65 and over population. These libraries provided specific services toabout 173,000 aging persons, inclusive of:
There may be, however, duplication in the extension and specialmaterials categories in reports of the number of persons served. Thesefactors would tend to inflate the total number receiving specific services.The reasons why the remaining 35% of the public libraries surveyed didnot respond are not knotivn. It can be assumed that most public librariesprovidingsignificant programs were motivated to report their activities.
Extrapolating over the whole population, about 350,000 or less than2% of the total aging population may be recipients of public services to theaging as defined in this study. However, since the aging per se are notreadily visible in library statistics, these figures must not be interpretedas being conclusive.
2. LESS THAN 20% OF PUBLIC LIBRARIES ARE ESTIMATED TOPROVIDE SPECIFIC PROGRAMS OR SERVICES FOR THE AGING
The study criteria, as explained within the questionnaire, wereexplicit and rigid. Many responses did not contain sufficient data to evalu-ate the scope or degree of services provided. In almost every case, it wasassumed that study criteria were followed and met.
All questionnaires were screened to ascertain the number ofresponding public libraries that provide specific library services most
-26-
9clearly meeting the study criteria. The screening sought to classify thespectrum of all public libraries' programs and services to the agingwithin five groupings:
Services exclusively designed for-the agingServices targeted for and used primarily by the agingServices benefiting the aging, but offered to allGeneral services likely to be often used by the agingNo service for the aging.
-IT
Based upon the screened survey responses, it would appear that anestimated maximum of 20% of public libraries serving populations over25, 000 offer specific services to the aging. There was no attempt madeto evaluate the scope of these programs. Often, it is felt, extension serv-ices at senior citizens centers, for example, are probably part of a largerextension service. About 16% were classified as providing no service forthe aging as defined by the study.
Nonetheless, the fact that about 20% did appear to offer specificservices for the aging indicates that the estimated 4% of all public librariesoffering such services, as determined in the first phase of the survey, wasoverly conservative.
3. BETWEEN 250; 000 TO 500, 000 AGING PERSONS COULD BEPOTENTIAL USERS OF EXTENSION SERVICES FROM PUBLICLIBRARIES
Extension services, as defined in the survey, are used by overtwo-thirds of all aging who are served by library services to the aging.Aging persons in need of extension services include those who have limitedtransportation access or resources or who are physically unable to visittheir library. This group, as shown in the first study phase, constitutesa large portion of the aging population-- clearly over 25%. If between 5%and 10% of the group were to benefit from and desire library services,then between 250, 000 and 500, 000 are potentially in need of extensionservices from public libraries. While these calculations are rough esti-mates, they present a suggestion of the demand for extension servicesfor the aging. Respondents to this-survey served about 120, 000 agingpersons through extension services. Furthermore, as the literacy levelof the aging continues to increase, the demand for extension services cansimilarly be expected to increase. All of this however, does not addressthe important question of the quality of extension services rendered.
-27-
4. PUBLIC LIBRARIES ARE PLACING INCREASED EMPHASIS ONLIBRARY SERVICES TO THE AGING; HOWEVER, REGULAR ANDSUSTAINED FUNDING WILL BE REQUIRED- TO ASSURE ADEQUATESERVICES
While most respondents indicated that the delivery of library serviceto the aging-is not receiving priority treatment, the consensus was thatthis field was receiving greater attention than five years ago andlneritedincreased priority in the future. Increased amounts, of financial supportare currently being directed to this end.
However, there are many segments of the library's service areapopulation that have and will be making similar cla4ns on library resources.The only way to insure that -library services to the aging_will receiveincreased attention is to develop and maintain financial resources commit-ted to this goal. To date, this generally has not been accomplished.
5. THE RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE FIRST PHASE REPORT REMAINAPPROPRIATE FOR FUTURE PLANNING AND ACTION
No new information has been detected j.n the second phase thatwould inval;date the recommendations made and reported as a result ofthe first phase of the survey. The recommendations are condensed andsummarized below.
Services to the aging should be regarded as a distinctprogram for purposes of planning, coordination, andevaluation but should consist of an aggregation ofseveral services, each designed to meet the specialneeds of the- aging.
Federal library legislation should formally recognizethe aging as a distinct group of disadvantaged personsand provide funds for program development and pro-fessto\ nal training.
Organization for the planning, development, andevaluatiOn of library services to the aging should bestrengthened at the federal, state, and local levels.
The states should give higher priority to libraryservices to the aging.
Programs offering the most service for the lowestunit cost should receive increased emphasis:
-28-
Public libraries should insure that opportunitiesto meet the :special needs of aging individuals areinvestigated and developed.
The use of the aging as paid emplOyees for workwith their peers should be substantially expanded.
Further research should be undertaken whichbuilds on the findings and recommendations ofthii study.
In addition, the second study phase increasingly validated the needfor additional research. Efforts meriting immediate examination include:
A study of aging user and nonuser needs:
The staff skills needed for effectiveservices to the aging including'theiridentification and location
The aging person's estimate of his ownlibrary needs and desires
The reading and program interests ofthe aging, including comparison ofreading interests of well aging and insti-tutionalized
The barriers to library services as seenby the aging, including psychological, archi-tectural, information, .and environmentalfactors.
A detailed examination of the costs of providing specificlibrary programs and services for uselty librarians inplanning and developing future services.
Cost/benefit study of personal, directprofessional service to aging usersversus deposit collections.
Cost /benefit comparison-of takingmaterials to the Aging versus bringingthe, aging to the library.
A study of librarian attitudes regarding work withthe aging.
A study of methods of collecting valid data of libraryuse, e.g., comparable statistics of group services,annual showings versus total annual audience, etc.
Ito
'111!1$:111V!,5,
I
N1.1.111,111
INDEX OF APPENDIXES
Appendix
QUESTIONNAIRE AND FOLLOW -UP LETTERS A
NAMES AND LbeA-T iii4S707-11ESPONDlisip PUBLICLIBRARIES
E
APPENDIX A
4
Survey Questionnaire `and Follow-Up Letters
1
1
INDEX TO APPEND.IX A
Appendix
SAMPLE QUESTIONNAIRE.MAILED JULY 24, 1972 A (1)
SAMPLE COVERING LETTER TO RESPONDENTS OFTHE FIRST PHASE A (2)
FIRST, FOLLOW-UP LETTER MAILED AUGUST 18, 1972 A (3)
SECOND FOLLOW-UP LETTER MAILEDSEPTEMBER -15, 1972 A (4)
a1,
P
00
4
,
BOOZ ALLEN & HAM ILTONIn. APPENDIX A (1)
Management Consultants
Dear Librarian:
Booz, Allen, & Hamilton has been retained by the Cleveland Public Library,under a grant from the United States Office of Education, to conduct the secondphase of a study concerning services by libraries to the 65 and older population,The first phase of this study dealt with current programs and services conductedfor people 65 and older at some 260 libraries °all types,. Initial results wereshared with the delegates to the 1971 White House Conference on Aging. Thesecond phase is directed to all public libraries (some 1, 300) with service-areapopulations exceeding 25, 000 to determine the current state of library programsand services to *Bose 65 and older.
This questionnaire will provide invaluable base-line data for planning and eval-uating future library programs .and services for those 65 and older by local,state, and federal library agencies.
Any comments you may wish to make at appropriate locations in the question-naire or on a separate sheet of paper would be valued. Please return yourcompleted questionnaire within:the next few days, using the enclosed addiessedpostage-paid envelope.
NEW YORK WASHINGTON CLEVELAND DETROIT
CHICAGO DALLAS LOS ANGELES SAN rHANCISCO
TORONTO MEXICO CITY RIO of JANEIRO
LONDON DUSSELDORF
600 UNION COMMERCE BUILDING
CLEVELAND 44115696-1900
AREA CODE 216
Thank you for your library's cooperatio
Douglas W. MetzVice President
N.
NAME OF LIBRARI
ADDRESS
NAME AND TITLE OF PERSON REPORTING
NATIONAL SURVEY OF LIBRARY SERVICES TO THE AGING
1. GENERA INFORMATION
Please indicate the:. Population of the library's service area. Number of persons 65 or older in the service area. Total operating budget of the library for the current fiscal year
Nurriber cif ftill=time equivalent employees
II.
PRO
GR
AM
S O
R S
ER
VIC
ES
TH
AT
YO
UR
LIB
RA
RY
NO
W P
RO
VID
ES
TO
TH
OSE
65
AN
D O
LD
ER
Plea
se d
escr
ibe,
in th
e sp
aces
bel
ow, a
ny o
f yo
ur li
brar
y's
prog
rani
s or
ser
vice
s in
whi
ch 5
0To
or m
ore
of th
e pa
rtic
ipan
ts a
re 6
5+ y
ears
of
age.
prog
ram
s or
ser
vice
s sh
ould
not
incl
ude
regu
lar
or r
outin
e se
rvic
es p
rovi
ded
on a
n in
divi
dual
bas
is, s
uch
as s
peci
al s
helv
es, b
ook
lists
. etc
.-
Typ
e of
Pro
gram
or
Serv
ice
Ave
rage
Num
ber
of R
egul
ar P
artic
ipan
tsA
nnua
l Bud
get f
orPr
ogra
m o
r Se
rvic
eFu
ndin
g So
urce
(If
from
oth
er th
anL
ocal
Tax
atio
n).
subb
ranc
hes
in h
ou;in
gFull-
Tim
eE
quiv
alen
t Sta
ffIn
volv
ed
proj
ects
for
Com
men
ts--
We
wou
ld a
ppre
ciat
e yo
urco
mm
ents
on
sign
ific
ant a
spec
ts o
f th
est
go r
ams,
.eva
luat
ions
, etc
.
the
aged
, nur
sing
hom
es; e
tc.)
Und
er 6
5I_
colle
ctio
n,
65+
book
mob
ile,
..
(or
Est
imat
ed C
ost)
hom
ebou
nd s
ervi
ces,
Exr
ensi
on
Plea
se
Of
Lib
rary
Ser
vice
s (e
.g.,
depo
sit
Lis
t
1
-,.
Spec
ial M
ater
ials
(e.
g.. l
arge
pri
nt b
ooks
, tal
king
boo
ks, m
agni
fier
s, a
nd o
ther
rea
ding
aid
s, e
tc.)
.
Plea
se L
ist
..
,.
Gro
up P
rogr
ams
IN th
e L
ibra
ry (
e.g.
, boo
kta
lks,
film
s, li
:4ar
y cl
ubs,
etc.
)I
Plea
se.L
ist
4)tip
Prog
ram
's O
UT
of
the
Lib
rary
(e.
g.,
serv
ices
toth
e ag
ing
thro
ugh
othe
r or
gani
zatio
ns,
such
as
book
talk
s, a
nd th
roug
h th
ene
ws
med
ia, s
uch
as r
adio
and
TV
,sp
ecia
lin
form
atio
n se
rvic
es f
or th
e ag
ing,
etc
.).
Plea
se L
ist
.
..,
.
Wiw
iko
la W
O W
O M
ISW
WI
lord
kali
kr*
lora
bud
ird
bra
irri
IMO
6011
11ko
nal
Item
t0tm
wei
ifor
titi
ON
OW
ool
WP
MO
PP
IP
PM
,O
NO
.111
1.11
NM
ISIS
III. FINANCIAL SUPPORT FOR PROGRAMS OR SERVICES TO THOSE 65 AND OLDER
Please indicate the:
Amount formally budgeted for 65+Amount obtained for those 65+ from outside sources
Total
Sources: LSCA
Older Americans ActOther federal grantsStateContracts for service
. PhilanthropyOther
Fisca Year1970 1971 1972 1973
IV. DEVELOPMENT OF PROGRAMS OR SERVICES BENEFITING THOSE 65 AND OLDER
A. Please describe below any relationshipithat may exist between your library and community agencies andorganizations involving library services to the aging.
Name of Community Agency or organization
B. Present and Future Priorities
Description of Relationship
Using a priority scale of 1 (highest) to 5 (lowest), please rank the relative priority for program development which youfeel reflects your library's position for the designated periods for programs or services to the following age groups:
Desired ProgramDevelopment Priority5 Years from Today
Please indicate future needs for programs or services benefiting those 65 and older by placing a.check in theappropriate space;
Type of Program or Service Very Important and Necessary Some Significant Benefits Not Neided
Extension O 1:=1 EJSpecial Materials. 1=1 0 ED
Group Programs O El ElOther.(e, Eiti InforrnatiOnAReferral Center), O- CD EDPlease specify
D. Constraints
Please indicate by check marks in one of the three right hand columns the degree to which you believe the followingfactors operate as constraints on your library's capacity to serve the library needs of those 65 and older.A
. INot Significant Significant Most Significant_ Insufficient availability Of program consultation and technical assistance =rCOc= I
Inadequate transportation E = =1E3
Internal library organizationLack of staff training opportunities C3Fear for personal safetyInadequate publicity for existing services ia
_ Philosophy that most library needs be met as a part of general, not special services =Inadequate coordination among all community agencies ED B = IInability to recruit interested and qualified staff: Professional
Paraprofessional L.-2,1 DLack of appropriate materials (Please specify) ED 1= = I
*Insufficient fundsArchitectural barriers in libraries (Please specify)
Other (Please specify) f=' For c-gstraints you have checked as being Most Significant, please indicate their relative priority in the space provided in the
left hand margin next to the appropriate entry. Use 1 to indicate the highest priority and continue in decreasing numerical order.1
Nampo,.AMU
Please return completed questionnaire in the enclosed addressed, postage-paidenvelope as soon as possible to:
Booz , Allen & Hamilton Inc.Room 600, Union Commerce Building925 Euclid AvenueCleveland, Ohio 44115 ,ATTENTION: Mr. Douglas W. Metz
Thank you for your cooperation.
COMMENTS (Use additional pages as necessary): I
BOOZ ALLEN & HAM ILTONIn.Management Consultants
APPENDIX A (2)
, Ft
NEW YORK wASHiNGTON CLEVELAND DETADitCHICAGO DALLAS LOS ANGELES SAN FRANCISCO
TORONTO MEXICO CITY RIO JANEIRO
LONDON ONSTELOORF
FOO UNION COMMERCE BUILDING
.,CLEVELAND 441150696-1900
AREA CODE 216
(FOR LIBRARIES RESPONDING 10 FIRST PHASE QUESTIONNAIRE)
Dear Librarian:
The enclosed questionnaire is part of the second phase of a nationalsurvey of library services to the aging (65 years of age and older). Thefirst phase provided material for a special report used by the White HouseConference on Aging. The Conference proposed several legislative stepsto enhance the scope of library programs and services for those 65 andolder. Your library responded to the questionnaire sent during the firstphase.
The enclosed questionnaire contains some portions which duplicatethe Phase I questionnaire. We have completed those portions of thisquestionnaire for which we already have received your response. Pleasecheck to insure that the information entered is current and provide theadditional information' requested.
Your previous cooperation was the essential ingredient in the successfulcompletion of the first phase of the study. We look forward to your responseto this final phase of the survey.
Douglas W. MetzVice President
ely,
WYriff0 577BOOZIALLEN & - MILT* N Inc.
E3'.00Z ALLEN 4, H A ,tv I LTOManagement Consultants
Dear Librarian:
APPENDIX A (3)
NEW YORK WASHINGTON CLEVELAND DETROIT
CHIC AGO DALLAS LOS ANGCLES SAN FRANCISCO
TGRONTO MEXICO CITY RIO in JANEIRO
LONDON DUSSELDORF'
600 UNION COMMERCE BUILDING
(FIRSTFOLLOW-UP LETTER MAILED AUGUST 18, 1972)
CLEVELAND 44115696-1900
AREA CODE 216
Several weeks ago Booz, Allen & Hamilton sent your library aquestionnaire about the nature and extent of its services for people 65years of age and older. To date our records indicate that we have notreceived a response from your library.
This important study will provide essential basic information forthe planning and delivery of library programs and services for those 65years of age and older by local, state, and federal agencies. Yourresponse will constitute an important element of this study. For yourconvenience, an additional copy of the questionnaire is enclosed. Yourcooperation in this significarit survey is very much appreciated.
Douglas W. MetzVice President
Sincerely,
BOOZ,Lr
LEN & HAMILT N Inc.
BOOZ ALLEN & HAM I LTONI.Management Consultants
(SECOND FOLLOW-UP LETTER MAILED SEPTEMBER 15, 1972)
Dear Librarian:
Your assistance is urgently needed.
APPENDIX A (4)
NEw YORK wASIONOTON CLEVELAND DETROIT
CHICAGO DAL,AS LOS ANGELES SAN FRANCISCO
TORONTO L4ExiC0 CITY RIO D JANEIRO
LONDON DuSSELDONF
600 UNION COMMERCE BUILOING
CLEVELAND 44115696-1900
AREA CODE 216
September-15, 1972
If our records are correct, your library has not responded to theBooz, Allen & Hamilton questionnaire regarding library services to people65 years of age and older.
This study is important. It will be the foundation for future planningof library programs andiservices for those 65 years of age and older...over 20 million people. Fhe responses from your library and otheri whereservice-area population:: exceed 25,000 will provide invaluable data uponwhich conclusions and recommendations can be based.
As of today, over 50% of those queried have responded. We would likeyour library to be included. Your response--including your attitudes, yourrecommendations, and your report on whether or not you have any programsand services specifically designed for or specifically benefiting the aging--will constitute a vital element of this study. For your convenience, anadditional copy of the questionnaire is enclosed. Please return your com-pleted questionnaire in the enclosed envelope as soon as possible.
BesSemer, Public LibraryBiimingham Public and Jefferson
County Free'LibraryCahaba Regional Library; .,Cullman County Public LibraryHorseshoe- Bend Regional LibraryWheeler BaSin Regional: LibraryMuscle Shoals RegionaI LibraryGadsden -*Public LibrafyMobile Public LibraryMontgomery Public LibraryNorthwest Regional'Library
Z. J., Loussac Library , s.
Fairbanks North Star Borough Library
Pinal County Free LibearyKingman Public LibraryMesa Public Libra *ryMaricopa County Free Public LibraryPrescott Public LibraryScottsdale Public LibraryTefripe Public LibraryTombstone-Cochise County LibraryTucson Public LibraryYuma Public Library
a
0
a4,
4
i
1
...
N..
Arkansas
El DoradoFort SmithLittle RockSearcy
California
AlamedaAlhambraAnaheimArcadiaAuburnBelmontBerkeleyBeverly HillsBurbankBurlingameChula VistaCoronaCovina,Daly CityDowneyEscondidoEurekaFresnoFullertonGlendaleHaywardHuntington BeachInglewoodLivermoreLodiLompocLong BeachLos AngelesMaderaMenlo Park
APPENDIX B (2)
Barton LibraryCarnegie City LibraryLittle Rock Public LibraryWhite County Library
Alameda Free LibraryAlhambr Public LibraryAnahei Public LibraryArcadi Public LibraryAubttr 4lacer 'County Library,San ateo County LibraryBerlieley Public LibraryBevierly Hills Public LibraryBurbank Public LibraryBurlingame Public LibraryChula Vista, Public LibraryCorona Public. Library ,
Covina Public LibraryDaly City Public LibraryDowney City LibraryEscondido Public LibraryHumboldt County LibrgryFresno Cciunty Free LibraryFullerton Public LibraryGlendale Public LibraryHayward 'Public LibraryHuntington Beach Public LibraryInglewood Public LibraryLivermore Public LibraryLodi Public LibraryLompoc Public LibraryLong Beach Public- LibraryLos Angeles Public LibraryMadera County LibraryMenlo Park Public Library
/ Palo AltoPeninsulaPasadenaPomonaRed BluffReddingRedlandsRedwood CityRichniondRiversideSacramentoSalinasSan Bernardino-San BrunoSan Diego
San FranciscoSan JoseSan LeandroSan Luis Obi/spo
San MateoSan RafaelSanta AnaSanta BarbaraSanta ClaraSanta CruzSanta MariaSanta MonicaSouth San Francisco
APPENDIX B (3 )
Merced County Free LibraryStanislaus County LibraryMonterey Public T ibraryMountain View --Paoli c brai.yN ational City Public LibraryNewport Beach Public LibraryOceanside Public LibraryOntario City- LibraryOrange County Library'Butte County. LibraryOxhard Public ,LibraryPalo Alto City LibPalos VerdesPasadena
rystrict Library
ublic LibraryPomp Public LibraryT-ehama County LibraryShasta County Library* 17
A. K. Smiley Public Libr ryRedwood City Public Libr ryRichmond Public LibraryRiverside City and Count Public Library.3acramento City-County 11,ibraryMonterey County Library \San Bernardino Public LibrarySan Bruno Public LibrarySan Diego County LibrarySan Diego Public LibrarySan Francisco Public LibrarySan. Jose Public LibrarySan Leandro Community LibrarySan Luis Obispo County LibrarySan Luis Obispo Public, LibrarySan Mateo Public LibraryMarin County LibrarySanta Ana Public LibrarySanta Barbara Public LibrarySanta Clara Public LibrarySanta Cruz Public LibrarySanta Maria Public LibrarySanta Monica Public LibrarySouth San Francisco Public Libraty
California (continued)n d)
StocktonSunnyvaleUkiahT1plane.VallejoVenturaWhittierYrekaYuba City
Stockton-San Joaquin County LibrarySunnyvale P4lic LibraryMendocino C4int3r LibraryUpland Public'. LibraryVallejo Public Library'Ventura County and City LibraryWhittier Public LibrarySiskiyou County LibrarySutter County Free Library
Aurora Public LibraryBoulder Public LibraryPikes Peak Regional LibraryDenver Public LibraryFort Collins Public LibraryJefferson County Public LibraryGreeley Public LibraryWeld County Public_ LibraryArapahoe Regional District Lib -ary
isrict
Bristnl Public LibraryDanbury Library,Fairfield Public LitraryCireei.,dich LibraryCurtis Memorial Libraryraykrr LibraryNew 14aven Free Public LibraryLucy Robbins Weller: Liorar'Otis LibraryFerguson Library.Rockville Public Library
"Wallingford Public LibraryWest,Hartford Public Library
South Seminole Community LibraryManatee County Library SystemClearwater Public LibraryFort Lauderdale Public LibraryLee County Free LibrarySt. *Luci-Okeehobee Regional LibrarySanta Fe Regional LibraryHallandale Public LibraryHialeah John F. Kennedy LibraryJacksonville Public Library SystemMonroe County Fuhlic LibraryLargo Public LibrarySuwanne River Regional LibraryMiami Beach Public LibraryCollier County Free Public LibraryNew Port Richey Public LibraryOrlando Public LibraryPalatka Public LibraryNorthwest Regional Library SystemPembroke Pines Public LibraryWest Florida Regional LibraryPompano Beach Public LibrarySarasota Public LibraryMartin County Public LibraryLeon'and Jefferson. County Public LibraryTampa'-Hillsborough County Library
SystemIndian River County LibraryWinter Park Public Library/..ephyrhills Public Library
Georgia
AlbanyAtlantaEast PointMariettaNewnan
Hawaii
Ida ho
Honolulu
BoiseIdaho FallsPocatello
Illinois
Altonrlington Heights
BellevilleBurbankChampaignChicagoChicago HeightsDeKalb CityDes ::ainesDolton VillageDowners oveDundeeElginElmhurstEynw000 Park VillageEvanstonEvergreen Park tillage'FreeportGalesburgJolietKankakee
APPENDIX B (6)
Albany Public LibraryAtlanta Public LibraryEast Point Public LibraryCobb County Public LibraryCarnegie Library of Newnan and
Coweta County
Hawaii State Library System
Boise Public LibraryIdaho Falls Public LibraryPocpf`ello Public Library
Hayner Public LibraryArlington Heights Memorial LibraryBelleville Public LibrarySouth Stickn-y Public LibraryChampaign Public LibraryChicago Public LibraryChicago Heights Free Public LibraryDeKalb Public LibraryDes Plaines Public LiterDolton Public LibraryDowners Grove Public LibraryDundee Township LibraryGail Borden Public LibraryElmhurst. Public LibraryElmwood Park Public LibraryEvanston Public LibraryEvergreen Park Public LibraryFreeport Public LibraryGalesburg Public LibraryJoliet Public LibraryKankakee Public Library
Illinois (continued)
'LibertyvilleLockportLoves ParkMaywoodMorton Grove VillageNiles VillageNormal TownNorth Chicago CityNorthbrook VillageOak LawnOak ParkPalatine VillagePark ForestPark RidgePeoriaQuincyRock islandRockfordSchaumburgSpringfieldUrbanaWaukeganWheatonWheelingWilmette
Cook Memorial LibraryLockport Township Public LibraryNorth Suburban District LibraryMaywood Public LibraryMorton Grove Public LibraryNiles Public Library DistrictNormal Public LibraryNorth Chicago Public LibraryNorthbrook Public LibraryOak Lawn Public Library,Oak Park Public Librarypalatine Public LibraryPark Forest Public LibraryPark Ridge Public LibraryPeoria Public LibraryFree Public Library and ReadiDelloomRock Island Public Library,.Rockford Public Library---Schaumburg Townishi-o' Public LibraryLincoln LibraryUrbana F7,./4 twaryWauke Public LibraryW ton Public Library
heeling Public Library DistrictFilmette Public Library
4-
Anderson Public LibraryBedford Public LibraryBartholomew County LibraryConnersville Public LibraryElkart Public- LibraryEvansville Public and Vandertrurgh
County, Public LibraryWillard LibraryFranklin Public LibraryGary Public Lib.aryHammond Public LibraryIndianapolis-Marion County Public
Jeffersonville Township Public LibraryKokomo Public LibraryAlbert A. Wells Memorial LibraryLogansport-Cass County Public LibraryJefferson County LibraryMarion Public LibraryMichigan City Public LibraryMuncie Public LibraryNew Albany-Floyd County Public LibraryMorrisson-Reeves LibrarySeymour public LibraryVigo County Public Library
Ames Public LibraryBurlington Free Public LibraryCedar Falls Public LibraryCli Public LibraryCouncil Bluffs Free Public LibraryDavenport Public LibraryCarnegie-Stout Public LibraryScott County LibraryFort Dodge Public LibraryIowa City -Ribl-c LibraryMason City Public LibraryWoodbury County LibraryJasper County LibraryOttumwa Public Library Cooperative
Center
Emporia Public LibraryHutchinson Public LibraryGeorge Smith Public LibraryLeavenworth City LibrarySalina Public LibraTopeka Public LibraryWichita Public Library
APPENDIX B (9)
Kentucky
Ashland Ashland Public LibraryBowling Green Bowling Green Public LibraryCentral City Muhlenberg County LibraryElizabethtown Hardin County Free Public LibraryFrankfort Paul Sawyier LibraryGreenup Creenup County LibraryHopkinsville Hopkinsville Public LibraryLexington Lexington Public Library*Mayfield Graves County Public LibraryMurray Murray-ICalloway County Public LibraryOwensboro Owensboro-Daviess County Public LibraryPaducah Paducah Area Pub li*c LibraryPikeville Pikeville Free Public LibraryShepherdsville Public Library of Bullitt CountySomerset Somerset-Pulaski County Public Library
Louisiana
Abbeville Vermilion Parish LibraryBastrop Morehouse Parish LibraryBaton Rouge East Baton Rouge Parish LibraryBenton Bossier Parish LibraryChalmette, St. Vernard Parish LibraryClinton Audubon Regional LibraryCrowley Acadia Parish LibraryHahnville St. Charles Parish LibraryHou.ma Terrebonne Parish LibraryJennings Jefferson Davis Parish LibraryLafayette Lafayette Public LibraryLake Charles Calcasieu Parish Public LibraryLeesville Vernon Parish LibraryLivingston Livingston Parish LibraryMetairie Jefferson Parish LibraryMonroe Ouachita Parish LibraryNew Iberia Iberia Parish LibraryOpelousas Opelousas-Eunice Public LibraryRuston Lincoln Parish LibraryVille Platte Evangeline Parish Library
Harford County LibraryAllegany County LibraryCecil County LibraryFrederick County Public LibrariesWashington County Free LibraryPrince George's County Memorial LibraryCharles County LibraryMontgomery County Department of
Public LibrariesWicornico County Free LibraryBaltimore County Public LibraryCarroll County Public Library
Jones Library, Inc.Beverly Public ,LibraryBennett Public LibraryCambridge Public LibraryAdams LibraryDedham Public LibraryFitchburg Public LibraryGloucester'Lyceum and Sawyer Free
LibraryHaverhill Public LibraryCary Memorial LibraryMalden Public LibraryMarlborough Public LibraryThe Medford Public LibraryMelrose Public LibraryNevins MemOrial, LibraryMilton Public LibraryNeedham Free Public.: LibraryFree Public Library of New BedfordNewton Free LibraryForbes Libra ry
Allen ParkAlpenaBattle CreekBay CityBirminghamBloomfield HillsCassopolisDearbornDearborn HeightsDecaturDetroitEast DetroitFarmingtonFerndaleFlint
Grand RapidsHamtramckHighland ParkJacksonKalamazooLansingLapeerLincoln ParkLivoniaMadison Heights
APPENDIX B (11)
Morrill Memorial LibraryPeabody Institute LibraryBerkshire AthenaeumRevere Public LibrarySaugus Free Public LibraryBacon Free LibrryTaunton Public LibraryLucius Beebe Memorial LibraryWatertown Free Public LibraryWellesley Free LibraryWestfield Athenaeum
Allen Park Public LibraryAlpena County LibraryWillard LibraryBay City Public LibraryBaldwin Public LibraryBloomfield Township r .:blic LibraryCass County LibraryHenry Ford Centennial LibraryJohn F. Kennedy Pudic LibraryWebster Memorial LibraryDetroit Public LibraryEast Detroit Memorial LibraryFarmington District LibraryFerndale Public LibraryFlint Public LibraryGenessee County LibraryKent County LibraryHamtramck Public LibraryMcGregor Public LibraryJackson County LibraryKalamazoo Public LibraryLansing Public LibraryLapeer County LibraryLincoln Park Public LibraryLivonia Public LibraryMadison Heights Public Library
AustinBlaineCrookstonDuluthFairmontLake ElmoMankatoMinneapolisPine RiverRochesterSt. CloudSt. Paul
ShakopeeSouth St. PaulWasecaWillmar
APPENDIX B (12)
Peter White Public LibraryGrace A. Dow Memorial LibraryMonroe County LibraryMacomb County LibraryMt. Pleasant Public LibraryMuskegon County Library -
Nile's Public LibraryOak Park Public LibraryWest Bloomfield Township LibraryDunning-Hough Public LibraryWaterford Township LibrarySt. Clair County LibraryPortage Public LibraryAvon Township Public LibraryRoseville Public LibrarySouthfield Public LibrarySouthgate Public LibraryTrenton Public LibraryTroy Public Library
Warren Public LibraryBacon Memorial Public Library
Austin Public LibraryAnoka County LibraryPolk County LibraryDuluth Public LibraryMartin County LibraryWashington County LibraryMinnesota Valley Regional LibraryHennepin County LibraryKitchigami Regional LibraryRochester Public LibraryGreat River Regional LibraryRamsey County Public LibrarySt. Paul Public LibraryScott County LibrarySouth St.- Paul Public LibraryLe Sueur-Waseca Regional LibraryKandiyohi County - Willmar Library
ColumbiaJacksonJefferson CityJoplinKansas CityKennettKirkwoodLadueMoberlyrvIonettSt. Charles
St. JosephSt. LouisSedaliaUniversity CityOnionVan BurenWarrensburgWebster Groves
APPENDIX B (13)
Lincoln-Lawrence-Franklin Regional LibraryBolix4r,County LibraryNortheast Regional LibraryWashington County Library*Greenwood-Leflore Public LibraryGulfport-Harrison CoUnty LibraryHattiesburg Public LibraryFirst Regional LibraryJackson Municipal LibraryRankin County LibraryPike-Amite Library SystemMeridian Public LibraryJackson-George Regional LibraryDixie Regional LibraryEast Mississippi Regional LibraryCapital Area Regional Library ,
Pine Forest Regional LibrarySunflower County Library
, Lee-ltawamba County Library -
Kemper- Newton Regional Library
Daniel Boone Regional LibraryRiverside Regional LibraryThomas Jefferson Library SystemTown and Country Regional LibraryKansas City Public LibraryDunk lin County LibraryKirkwoqd Public LibrarySt. Louis County LibraryLittle Dixie Regional LibraryBarry-Lawrence Regional LibrarySt. Charles County LibraryKathryn M. Linneman Public LibrarySt. Joseph Public LibrarySt. Louis Public LibraryBoons lich Regional LibraryUniversity City Public LibraryScenic Regional LibraryCurrent River Regional LibraryTrails Regional LibraryWebster Groves Public Library
Montana
Kalispell
Nebraska
Grand IslandLincolnNorfolkOmahaScottsbluff
Nevada
1_,as VegasReno
New Hampshire
itilanchester
New Jersey
Atlantic CityBayonneBellevilleBloomfieldCamdenCape May .
Grand Island Public LibraryLincoln City LibrariesNorfolk Public LibraryOmaha Public LibraryScottsbluff Public Library*
Clark County Library DistrictWashoe County Library
Manchester City Library
Free Public LibraryBayonne Free Public LibraryBelleville Free Public LibraryFree Public Library of BloomfieldCamden County Free LibraryCape May County LibraryCherry Hill Free Public LibraryClifton Pub lir LibraryCranford F: Public LibraryDover Pishop Memorial LibraryFree Public Library of East OrangeEdison township Free Public LibraryFree Public Library of the City of -ElizabethFair Lawn Free Public LibraryHunterdon County LibraryFort Lee Free Public LibraryGarfield Public Library
I
New Jersey (continued)
GloucesterHackensackKearnyLake Hiawatha
LivingstonMays Landing.Middletown
NewarkNorth BergenParamusPatersonPennsaukenRidgewoodSayrevilleSomervilleTrent On
Gloucester Township LibraryJohnson Free Public LibraryKearny Free Public LibraryParsippany-Troy Hills Free Public
LibraryLivingston Free Public LibraryAtlantic County LibraryMiddletown Township Free Public
LibraryNewark Public LibraryNorth Bergen Free Public LibraryParamus Free Public LibraryPaterson Free Public LibraryPennsauken Free Public LibraryThe RidgewOod LibrarySayreville Free Public LibrarySomerset County LibraryMercer County LibraryTrenton Free Public LibraryVineland Free Public LibraryWest Orange Public LibraryWestfield Memorial LibraryFree Public Library of Woodbridge
Albuquerque Public LibraryThomas Branigan Memorial LibraryRoswell Public LibrarySanta Fe Public Library
Shelter Rock Public LibraryBaldwin Public LibraryBinghamton Public LibraryBrentwood Public LibraryBrooklyn Pi lic LibraryBuffalo and -Erie County Public LibraryCheektowaga Public LibraryCorning Public Library
Cortland Free LibraryBetidehem Public LibraryDeWitt Community Library AssociationGreenburgh Public LibraryFarmingdale Public LibraryFreeport Memorial LibraryGarden City Public LibraryGlen Cove Public LibraryCrandall Free" LibraryGreat Neck LibraryHamburg Public LibraryHempstead Public LibraryHicksville Public LibrarrN\South HuntingtUn Public Lihrab7.Thompkins County Public 11,ibraryQueens Borough Public LibraryJames *Prendergast Free LibraryKenmore Public LibraryKingston Area LibraryPeninsula Public LibraryLevittown Public LibraryLindenhurst Memorial LibraryI_,-Jr..kport Public LibraryLong Beach Ptblic LibraryMount Vernon Public Librar'yNew Rochelle Public LibraryNew York Public LibraryNiagara Falls Public LibraryNorth Bellmore Public LibrarySiorth Tonawanda_Public Library.Northport Public LibraryPlainview-Old Bethpage Public LibraryPort Chester Public LibraryPort Washington Public LibraryAdiance Memorial LibraryGreece Public LibraryIrondequoit Public LibraryGates Public LibraryHenrietta Public LibrarySchenectady County Public Libra:y
John C. Hart, Memorial LibraryThe SmithtovA LibraryFinkelstein Memorial LibrarySyracuse Public LibraryUtica Public LibraryUniondale Public ,LibraryVestal Public LibraryRoswell P. Flower Memorial LitraryWest Islip Public Library'White lains Public LibraryYonkers Public Library
Randolph Public LibraryPublic Library of Charlotte and
Mecklenburg Count./Concord Public Libra,-yDurham City-County LibraryEast Albemarle Regional LibraryCumberland' County Public LibraryGaston-Lincoln Regional Libraryr-reensboro Public Library /Sheppard Memorial LibraryHalifax County LibraryHenderson County Public LibraryOnslA County Public LibraryScotland County 'Memorial LibraryDavidson County Public LibraryHarnett County Public LibraryFranklin County LibraryRobeson County Public LibraryMcDowell County Public LibraryUnion County Public LibraryMorganton-Burke Library, Inc.Nantahala Regional-Library.Cayen-Pamlico-Carteret Regional
LibraryCatawba County LibraryRichard II. Thornton Library%itake County Public Library
to AshtabulaBarbertonBataviaBellefontaine._Bowling GreenCambridgeCanfon,ChillicotheCincinnati
Cleveland
Cleveland Heights
rtiyahngn PAU qs
APPENDIX B (18)
Sandhill Regional Library-ThoMaS,Hackney Braswell Memorial
LibraryRutherford County LibraryR6Wan Public LibraryLee County 'LibraryThe Public Library of John ,on 'County
and Smithfieldfredell Public Lit;raryEdgeCombe County Menior LibraryCOltimbUs, County Public Libra:Wilmington Public LibraryWilson County Public LibraryForsyth County 'Public LibraryAlbemarle Regional Library
,Bismarck Veterans Memorial LibraryiNot\theastern Dakota Bookmobile Library!Grand Forks Public Library,
Minot Publie LibraryWard County Library
/Akron Public LibraryAllodman Public Library
shland Public Libraryshiabula*County Library
Barberton Public LibraryC*rmont County Public LibraryLogan County District. LibraryWood; County District LibraryGuernsey County District Public LibraryStark County District LibraryChillicothe and Ross County LibraryPublic Library of Cincinnati and
Hamilton CotintyCuyahoga County Public LibraryCleVeland Public Library-Cleveland Height§=University Heights
Public-LibtarYTaktr< 11/14orrinri .11 T
r
-
Ohio (continued)
Dayton
East LiverpoolElyriaEuclidFindlayGallipolisGreenvilleHamiltonHiram
Carnegie Public Library--Elyria-Public LibraryEuclid` Public LibraryFindlay Public LibraryGallia County District LibraryCarnegia Public LibraryLane Public LibraryPortage COtuity District LibraryLakewoOd:publit -LibraryLima Public LibraryLorain Public LibraryCarnegie Public Library.Mattins--Ferry Public LibraryMassillon Publie LibraryFranklin SylVeSter LibraryNelsonville Public -LibraryNew Philadelphia-TUScarawas County
District Library11,eiirark Public- LibraryPOrtsrnotith ,Public LibraryLibrary ASSOciatiOn=of SanduskyShaker Heights PUbliC LibraryAmos-Memorial Ptiblic Library.Ptiblic -Library of -Springfield and Clark
COuntyPublic Library of Steubenville ands= Jefferson CountyTiffin- Seneca Public LibraryTroy-Miami-County, _Public LibraryAUglaize County Public LibraryWarren Public = Library.Wayne County Public -LibraryiGreene=Coutity-DIStrict LibraryPublic Library of Youngstown and
Mahoning County
- Western .Plains Library SystemCarnegie Public LibraryChoctaw National Library-SystemEastern OklaliariaDistriet LibraryPioneer Multi-Coitniy Library
Ponca City Public.LibraryStillwater Public LibraryT4sa City-County Library System
Corvallis Public Libra.ry-Josephine County LibraryKlamath County,LibraryJackson COunty Library*Umatilla County Public LibraryDouglas County LibrarySalem Public Library
Abington Free LibraryF. JorieS -Memorial Library
Allentown .Public LibraryAltoona Public LibraryCentre County Library and Historical
MuSeuitPublic Library of Columbia County and
TraVeling:LibraryMarple Public, LibraryButler Public LibraryWe at Shore Public LibraryConococheaguo DiStrictiLibraryJ. _Lewis Crozer LibraryJoseph-and,Elizabeth Sha* Public LibraryCarnegie Free LibraryBucks County Free Library
,
Einmaus Public Library-Erie County Public LibraryRidley Township LibraryAdams County PubliC LibraryToWnShip of Shaler-North Hills LibraryHuntingdon County Library.N6rvtrin Public LibraryCambria PUblic LibraryLancaster COunty LibraryLebanon Community LibraryAnnie Halenbake Ross Library
MOnroeville Public LibrarySusquehanna County Free Library
AssociationNetV -Castle Public Library --
Montgomery- County- Norristown PublicJ4brary
Free. Library of PhiladelphiaCarnegie Library of PittsburghNorthland-Public --LibraryWilkinsbtirg Public LibraryPottstOWnScranton Public LibrarySpringfield Township -Library -
Ctimberland Public LibraryMiddletown Free LibraryPawtucket P_ ublicLibraryProvidence Public Library
Aiken-Bamberg ,Barnwell-EdgefieldRegional:Library
Allendale -Hampton-Jasper Regional LibraryAriderson County LibraryLexington County Circulating LibraryMarlboro County Public LibraryKershaw 'County LibraryChester County- Free Public LibraryChesterfield County Library
SouthXarolina (continued)
Columbia_C onway-T,arlington;asley
(;wnorgetO
reenVille(!reenwoodtI angstreeLaurensTrion
Newberry .1
Orangeburg'Rock Hill
;partariburgjrti etqNalhalla
South Dakota
AberdeenSioux Falls
Tennc.ssee
ChattanoogaKingsportKnoxville
MemphisNashville
Texas:
Oak Ridge
AbileneAmarilloArlingtonAustin -
'BaytownBeaumontBorger
_APPENDIX B (22)
Richland County Public LibraryHored-County MeMOrial LibraryDarlington County LibraryPiekens County LibraryGeorgetown- County Memorial Library .
Greerville County LibraryAbbeville = Greenwood Aegional LibraryWilliamsburg CoUnty 'LibraryLautO'nS.Cou'W Library-Mation-.COUnty,,Library_-_NeWberry--,Saluda.Regiorialft.i.brary,Orangebuittounty"-Fiee74Libiary-'_.yorrk_Cou4tr-Lil#4rySpartanburgscduhty Public LibraryUnion County -Library._OtOnee County Library
Alekander Mitchell Public LibraryCarnegie Free Public Library
Chattanooga Public LibraryKingsport Public LibraryPublit Library of Knoxville-and-Knox
county- =Memphis Pablic Library _Public Library of Nashville and_
Davidson County .
Oak Ridge Public Libiary
Abilene Publid;LibrafyMary E. fibrins Memorial-LibraryArlington Public LibtaryAustin Public Library, -
Sterling Municipal LibraryTyrrell- Public:LibraryHutchinson'County,Library
TexaSSotthrnoSt-College LibraryBrownwodd_ Public LibraryCarnegie- Public LibraryCleburne- Ptiblid LibraryLe- Retain ,PUblid LibraryDailaS_ Public LibraryEmily Fowler_ Public LibraryEdinburg Publid Library
,- El Pak): Public. Library'POO OUnty Library
_Farmers- Branch Public ;Library-Fdrt_Wohth--PUblid_LibraryNichOlSon-Mettioriat Library -
Grand-PrairiMemoriatLibraryktiblic -Library
Hotta-Om-Public-Library-HUrSt-Ptiblit iLibrary*Lubbock City-County LibrarieSMdAllenlkliempriatLibrat'y_-Midland -COM* Public- LibraryEaor -- County Palk-LibraryOtahge=P_Aiblid LibraryLovett Memoriatl Libr-aryPasadena Public Librarytnger =Memorial LibraryGates- Meniotial-Library*Richardson PUblid,LibraryFor BendTotinty Library-Nuedes couhty=LibtaryToth_ Green- County LibrarySan- Antonio Public LibrarySeguin - Guadalupe County Pfiblid LibrarySherman -Public LibraryTexarkana Public LibraryCarnegie Public LibraryWeatherford Public .LibraryKemp Public Library _
Davis County Public LibraryCache County Public LibrarySalt=Lake County LibraryWeber County LibraryOrem City Library.Provo Public Library
-Clark-Sburt Public-LibraryMarion -:,-County Ptibli-C_ _Library-Fayette- C_oUnty/Pitblic__LibtaryCarnegie Library of Parkersburg -and
latrob&County
AppletonPublic Library _
Beloit_Pub_lid LibraryEau Claire -Public LibrarY- Fond du Lad Public--Library'Janesville- Public Library-Gilbert M. Sinirilond Library.MadiSon Publi& LibraryManitowoc Public. LibraryMaude Shinik -Public Library*Milwaukee Public LibraryNew Berlin Public LibraryRacine Publi -LibraryShawano City - County - LibraryMead Public-LibrarySuperior Public LibraryWauwatosa Public Library
Natrona County Public - LibraryLaramie Cdunty LibraryAlbany County Carnegietibrary
Received after October 13. Not included with statistics.
