DOCUMENT RESUME ED 339 222 FL 019 889 TITLE Tai Lieu Huong Dan Ve Van De Dinh Cu Tai Hoa Ky (Resettlement Guide: Vietnamese. A Guide for Refugees Resettling in the United States). INSTITUTION Center for Applied Linguistics, Washington, D.C, SPONS AGENCY Department of State, Washington, DC. Bureau of Refugee Programs. PUB DATE 91 NOTF 119p.; For otaer guides in this series, see FL 019 890-892. PUB TYPE Guides - General (050) LANGUAGE Vietnamese EDRS PRICE MF01/PC05 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Acculturation; Adjustment (to Environment); Asian Americans; Compensation (Remuneration); *Cultural Context; *Daily Living Skills; Employment; Expenditures; Foreign Countries; Interpersonal Communication; *Land Settlement; Legal Problems; Occupational Mobility; Politics; Public Education; *Refugees; Religion; *Social Services; Sociocultural Patterns; Uncommonly Taught Languages; Vietnamese; *Vietnamese People ABSTRACT This resettlement guide, entirely in Vietnamese, describes the initial stage of resettlement and the processes that refugees undergo as new arrivals. The information is intended to prepare refugees for the first few weeks in an American community and to explair fundamental aspects of Amerii-an life. An initial chapter outlines issues in pre-arrival arrangements, resettlement, and legal status, also explaining some common refugee misconceptions about their reception and status. Subsequent chapters describe aspects of employment in the United States (employment and benefit types, pay, getting a job, and job mobility); income and expenditures (budgeting, shopping, and banking services); education systems for children and adults; the American social, political, and religious system (including social services, the health care system, government and law, religion in American life, and church sponsorship); and daily living (personal communication, papers to carry, cars, alcohol, privacy, punctuality, personal habits, social conventions, money matters, and weights and measures). Notes on American holidays and special days, and a list of voluntary agencies, are contained in final chapters. (MSE) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. **************************************w********************************
Transcript
DOCUMENT RESUME
ED 339 222 FL 019 889
TITLE Tai Lieu Huong Dan Ve Van De Dinh Cu Tai Hoa Ky(Resettlement Guide: Vietnamese. A Guide for RefugeesResettling in the United States).
INSTITUTION Center for Applied Linguistics, Washington, D.C,
SPONS AGENCY Department of State, Washington, DC. Bureau ofRefugee Programs.
PUB DATE 91
NOTF 119p.; For otaer guides in this series, see FL 019
890-892.PUB TYPE Guides - General (050)LANGUAGE Vietnamese
EDRS PRICE MF01/PC05 Plus Postage.DESCRIPTORS Acculturation; Adjustment (to Environment); Asian
Americans; Compensation (Remuneration); *CulturalContext; *Daily Living Skills; Employment;Expenditures; Foreign Countries; InterpersonalCommunication; *Land Settlement; Legal Problems;Occupational Mobility; Politics; Public Education;*Refugees; Religion; *Social Services; SocioculturalPatterns; Uncommonly Taught Languages; Vietnamese;*Vietnamese People
ABSTRACTThis resettlement guide, entirely in Vietnamese,
describes the initial stage of resettlement and the processes thatrefugees undergo as new arrivals. The information is intended toprepare refugees for the first few weeks in an American community and
to explair fundamental aspects of Amerii-an life. An initial chapter
outlines issues in pre-arrival arrangements, resettlement, and legalstatus, also explaining some common refugee misconceptions abouttheir reception and status. Subsequent chapters describe aspects ofemployment in the United States (employment and benefit types, pay,getting a job, and job mobility); income and expenditures (budgeting,
shopping, and banking services); education systems for children andadults; the American social, political, and religious system(including social services, the health care system, government andlaw, religion in American life, and church sponsorship); and dailyliving (personal communication, papers to carry, cars, alcohol,privacy, punctuality, personal habits, social conventions, moneymatters, and weights and measures). Notes on American holidays andspecial days, and a list of voluntary agencies, are contained infinal chapters. (MSE)
***********************************************************************Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made
from the original document.**************************************w********************************
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A Guide for Refugees Resettling in the United States
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TAI LIO HUIONG DAN
Vg"
VAN DE DINH CU TAI HOA KY
1,)
Tap TAI LIEU FILAING DAN VE yAN DE DINHTA1 HOA 101 nay la mOt bn chic k%it v6i sii sthi dô td-
b6h tali lieu do Trung Tam NgtrHoc U'rig Dung Wen soanham 1982 v6i sd tai trd cuh B6 Ngoai Giao Hoa IC)7. Day laket qui 'cuh mOt n6v1dc hdp tdc gida dai dien cis Cd QuanThien Nguyen Hoa Ky); Trung Tam NgirHoc ling Dung, VanPhOng DicTrich ca'c Chddng Trihh Ti Nan thueic B6 NgoaiGiao, va Uy Ban Lien Chihli Phil ve-Di
Mac di.1 n6i dung cult tip saCh hdohg din nay,dd6c bienso4n do mOt khê'dde vdi Van Ph6ng Ddc Trach vê ChlidngTrii Ti Nan thuck B Ngoai Giao, nOi dung cid không nhatthiet phin ahh, chihh sich cda Van Pheing ndi, tren va clingkhông co nghia lã chi& sd d6hg tinh cu'a Chinh Phi LienBang.
BO Ngoai Giao ddnh quya tui bin hoac si:i dung bahgbat,cti"cich khdc ma khóng phai tra tac quyen, va chophepr ngti khdc d4dc sd'dung tap sdch Haig dm nay vaonhting muc diéh cua chinh phu.
MIJC LUC
CHVONG I TIgN TRiNH DINH ce 8
A. Da nha:p 3
1. Track khi dinh cii 9
a. Thãu nh4n: Ai la ngadi ti nanb. Ban thea thu"anc. Phrt6in chuyen cho'd. Fliinh 1); thi:ing dti và Quan thue" Hoa
a. Qui che' ti nanb. Vi-da 93c. Qui chel thtlOng triid. Qui the cOng dan
4. Mot so'y' nijin Sal Ian I/11)11g thadlig 22
5. Thic'.h iIng rthi ho'cl 25
B. kei man 27
1
CHIANG II vItc LAM d HOA KY 29
A. Dia nh'ip 29
1. Cdc loqi c6ng vik 30
a. N1iUiig viec lain kluing câh k nttngb. Nhdig viec lám can nängc. Nhatig c6ng viec chuyen mOn
2. Cdc loai quyeh ldi 34
a. An Ninh Xi H6ib. Phu 60 thAi nghiepc. Phu cAP nhan dingd. BLio hign sinhmange. Bao hiein y tef. Cc chtidng tritih htlu trfg. Nghi'vi dau OMh. Nghi'he
3. Tieiz h2dng va cut: khodn khait tni 37
a. Tia IdOngb. Cac kholm khiu trd
4. Ki(7in chi()c vijc !tun 40
a. Cc ngutTh tin tdc ve cong an viec lainb. Tim vlecc. Ban lY lich
5. May di';i viec lain Thdng tieri nghe-nghiep 50
a. Khi viec'Chan, Jen nghe nghiep
c. viec
B. ket luan 53
2
CHIJONG HI LOI TUC Vi CHI T&U 54
A. Wail nh4p 54
1. L4p ngdn sach vd; 161 tild cu'a ban 54
a. Nhdtig chi phi'd dinhb. Nhag chi tieu ba't thdOng
2. Mua san 57
a. Cac ngua tin,ttiC ve-mua sAMb. Mua it.th kernc. Mua saM d daud. aich,trIt tiefte. Thue tnua ha:ng va giiiY hien nhilnf. BSo atm mon hangg. Tra lai hdng da muah. Mua track trà sau
3. Cac dich vu ngiffi hang 64
a. Tradng muc durig chi phie'iih. TrdOng mgc tiet kie'mc. Vayd. 1-14 gdi db- quan trqng
B. Kê Iun 68
CHIANG IV CIAO DIX TAI HOA KY 69
A. Dim nInip 69
1. Giao due tn; 70
a. Cac lou trdOng
3
b. Nhting dial an biet ve-trlidiig hocc. Nhtlfig trd'ngai thông thudiigd. Va. C lain vtiã di hoce. TrAch nhiem ctia phu huynhf. Sau b4c trung hoc
2. Vi'êc hoc cho ngildi 10 79
a. Anh vanb. Giao due trang nien can bdnc. Cac trtidfig day nghé'va- kyr thuatd. Cc loai dai hoce. Nghia vu quzin sq
B. Ka It* 85
CHOCING V HE THISNG XAer. HÔI, CHINH T121 vA ToNGIAo HOA KY 86
A. Warn nhiv 86
1. Dich vu xci he?i 87
a. Nhdrig chtiOng trinh duy triIdi tu'C_b. Nhdng chddng tririh khac cho ngMi có
Idi tdd thab
2. he thMg chdin nom stk.' kho;? 90
a. Y te'cong Ongh. C.ic bac sitUC. Yd. 1.3nh vin (Nha thddng)e. 1-)ch vu y té"cdf) cduf. Nha sig. tieri cac dich vu y khoa vii nha khoa
a. Cd cii chinh tri Hoa 1(9-b. Cac clang phAi chinh tri vd bAu cdc. T4 do tr9ng luat pkipd. Ludt Hoa Kye. Trd giup pluip 1/f. Thi hanh luta lé va an ninh ding 6:mg
4. Ton gicio Hoa Ky- 101
a. TOn gkio trong d& soiig Hoab. Vai nhd thd trong viéc bao trd
B. Ka lufin 104
CHOONG VI NtiersIG DIEIJ CAN BIET TRONG DOISONG HANG NGAY 105
A. Hoi tham &icing 105
A.B. Glay td can mang theo 105
C. Xe Hdi 105
D. Klein adi0 thoai 105
E. Vali de- uOng rd()u 106
F. Lki xesd vã ning hO thong thdiig 106
G. Win dt-!Trieng ul 106
H. Giuldnng gij tign 107
I. Va'n de'hnt thate 107
J. Ve sinh ci nhin 107
K. Cho ti&i "Ulf 107
5
L. 6ch viei con sic 108
M. He thOng tie) bac 108
N. He tlang o Itidhg 109
CHOONG VII NHUNG NGAY LE VA NGAY NGHI DACBIET 111
CHLIONG VIII CXC CO QUAN THIEN NGUYE::N HOA KY114
LOI TVA
Tap skh ye--dinh cd nay dd6c,soan racho cac ban thiCh Ong v6i clii)c sag mai d Hoa Kc/.
Tap sach me) t giai doan so' khdi cua cubc dinh cd vàcdc giai dpan,ke' deb ma cac ban hi nhang ngae)i mdi te)i
phai trai qua. Nhthig tin tdc ndy nhain chuaii hi chocac ban trong nhdiig tuan Iéd den sag trong me?t ceing(lag ngatii M)7, va ban hieu biet ve'nhdrig khia canh
, -can ban cua ddi seYng d'Hoa K, chang han nhd viec lain, hocvail, he thag chinh phi, 1ut 1 vd van de'tieu thu.
.,T6p skuih ldn'gclari nay dddc soan ra bang nhiFu ng^onkhac nhau. NhOng han 9n.brrig,tiag khk, thi không
phai la-hap dish sat tthig chi] ban chinh, cung van cung ca'pcdc tin tdc giOng nhau.
MdS cid tin telC trong tap hddrig ndy tddng khachi tie't vi c6 the' hal iCh cho ban ti-d6C va sau khi tdi HoaKy; cua sach cdfig kh6ng thFgkip cho cac hap hin Het
nharlg dieri gi han,can hie't de' thiCh t1ig vdi cuôc sOng mdid'Hoa Ky. Khong co skh hilag ddi nao c6 the' culig cakcho ban tat ca nhigg dii clin brei vi'cong cu6c dinh cii lamOt tién trinh phac tap. Mot tinh than cOi md va y muktiê nhzin ck tin tu'C vd kinh nghiern mi ki diéii kin quantr6ng nhai dé'co the' tha Ling thanh ccing vñi ddi s6ng d'Hoa K.
Than chuc cac ban nhieü may rmrn!
7 1 1
CHLiCING I
TIgN MINH DINH ce
A. Win nliap
Hoa K thddlig dUde goi 1a mCit xcu di clan, vfi diedqung. Ddi da nhdrig ngddi My ngiy nay deu con
chau cua nhking di dan rdi bd que hddng hy di tifh tti dovd cd h6i, vd hy con nhO nhdrig ski hi sinh va cemg viec chcui can thie't de'tdo.,ddng dOi king mdi trong mOt sd'xa la.Hoa K lá mOt guoc gia da nguyen biet,ton trong sd bietve'van hoa,va`don nWan nhdlig ngdOl mdi CO/chi/lain Lin
dong gop cho xri hbi.
Khi nhdrig ngai ti rign mOt thf tralchnhiem ve'viec hOi nhap thasith cong vaO xa" hOi mdi nhanhdrig thQOg tru nhan se trcr thiinh trach nhiern cu chinhhy. Tuy nhien, trong nharig ngdy da dinh cd, hal nint ngdOina-0 cking ed-11 Co sd gidp dr Ai hokic cd quan na-o, secungcdp ski giup dd ban d5u ndy? Tdi, Hoa K)7, c'du tra Idi hi ca'ccd quan thien nguyen hdp tdc vdi chinh pha Hoa Ky. Cdquan thién nguyen lá nhdrig to chdc td nhan, ngo5i chinhphu, hat va loi nhieu khi thu6c cac ton gUo khdc nhau, thr cokinh nghiem dinh cd ngddi ti nn láu riffm. Calc cd quanthien nguyen da6c diéü hanh theo caC died kien cu'a mOt banlic3p D(ing k kei vOi Va'n Dd-c Trich ChddngTi Nan tai Bç Ngoai Ciao adinh cd nhag ngde)i t nanHoa Ky
than gia cu'a chiriii quya lie`n bang vio cemg cu6cdinh cu tj nqn 1;inu)t vi6c tadng di gth dAy. Khi Hodhth ddii nhCm ngddi ti rip den dinh cd thi`cdc cd quan thiennguyen tki darn nh4n hoali toan traich nhiem vI khong cd sdtharn gia cua chinh phu. Can biet rang trong nhdrig n5rnqua, moi cd quan thien nguyen dzi" thief 1rto ra mot phddngphdp dinh ckl rieng biu Vi vdy ta thaY cd ski khac biettrong chinh sach va Ic loi thdc hdnh githi cac cd quan thien
8 1 2
nguyen trong m6t ciing Sing, hoac ngay ca cac chinhanh dia phtibilg cua cling rriCA CO quan toan qu6C...pa saocluing rida4, trong giai doan cua cu6c diph rnot cdquan thien tiguy'01 dal chu tr9ng vai) viec cungAcap vac nhucâii ttle thOi cho ngtldi ti nan va giLfp chi) ho hii biêt vesddisong dlioa Ky-.
TRIJOC KHI DINH CO
.
a. Thau nha.n: Ai la nan u nan
Chinh phu Hoa K, can cii'vzio luat le va tieu chunchon hien hanh, se-guy-et dinh ai c6 thedd6c thau nh'an.vao Hoa K,),% vdi tii cdch ti nan.
Nhdri4 ngddi muon dUdc nh4n rug) phdi napddn cho SO Di,Tril (d'Hoa K.); dqc goi la SO Di pan .ydN,hap Tich, viet t5t INS), va phai thick trdc tiep phong vanhdi mbt vién chtlé cua cd quan nay. Theo Doan 101 (a)(42)cu'a D'ao Luat Ti Nan 1990 this ngildi' t nan
quik tich hoac, trong trO,Ong 110 cua mCt ngddi khôngc(i quôc tich, O'ngoai xtf ng06i do cd ngu lanchdt, ma nay,kh6ng the' trd've,hoac không muón trd've,-va không the ho5-c không mu6n dat minh düOi sü ha'ovS cua xd add vi ly' do hi ngdOc ho'ac cd so lo sdvUng chac la se hi riga& thri viVdo chung tqC, temgiao, cluoc tich,..hoa-c la vien cua m6t toichdc xa".1116i(lac hiet, hay vi chirih kie'n khac hi4"
Ngoai quyei dinh xem ai cd the'dddc thau nhan. , . . '
vao Hoa Ky cach Hoa Ky thiet lap gull Ilan sothau nhan hang nam va cac diea kien tuyen ch9n. Chinhphu Hoa Ky quyet dinh van dé Vdi ti nan nhdfig quiVcf;ia nao hao nhieu the'dthic thdu nh5n vaö HoaK)7. Myc toi da ve's'6Ingdoi t nan co the'..dt19c thau phanvao My trong m6t tai kho'a, ni thang Mddi nam trddc den
,, ,. .? ..: , .,,thang Chin nam sau, dddc thai doi mbi nam. Mdc toi da
., ..,cupg,dtldc zin dinh cho so ngtIcii ti nan ca the'dddc thay nh4n. . . ,td cac Mien khac nhau tren th, e gidi. CO ndin nol ngddi tinan dd()c cdii xet de"thAu nhan lit: Phi Chau" Cin DOng,DOng Au/SO-Viet Nam My'vasDOng Nam A. Sei'ngtIbi tinail, dO.:)c thau nhan chenh lech kha xa tuy theo wing; cd ribichi cd sO".it" ddOc thau nhan, co' ndi lai co' haThig ng.anddo'c thau nhan. Vi v'ay, ban Id twit trong nhieii ngdói tt nanchick nhan vii.o Hoa 1()% hSng nam td nhdrig mfdC khSc nhau:A-phd-hari, E-ti-O-pia, Ba Lan, Lien bang So Vie't, Cu-ba,Viet-nam va nhin raide khdc.
MOt khi cac ca nhan (it* thau nhan vdo M;voi flicach II ti nan thi ding viec dinh cd cho ngddi tinan trong giaisdoan (kit' tien thiCh v/di auk song o Hoa
Seth) cac co quan thien riguyen phu trach. Cac CO
quan riSy nhin nhan rarig ngdoi tj nan Id nhdfig ngdO1 dTchon Hoa KY Id xti sd'md ho se bat dtill mOt cuocisông mOitrong td do; va calc cd quan thien nguyen nkin trach nhiemgidp dehq bdt da6 Ca.)C song mdi dd.
B. Ba'n xdc nOn
Khi cO-ri d CSC (lac gia tam tni, tai cd nhg noddi tinan cid& thau nhan vdo Hoa Ky.,qua bab dam cua bat, al'mOt cd (Ran thien nguyen ndo.cung deb phai vao "BANXAC NHAN DONG Y" sau day, thWrig ddOc viet bdrig ngönngug"'cua nihiC ho. Day Id rmit thu tuc bi bui)c de'cd the'chick thau nhlin.va() Hoa Ky":
BAN XAC NHAN DoING Y (Ba'n Mdri)
TeAn:
SO trthIng hOp:
Ban sp sda tdi Hoa KY' vdi tu' cach rni)t ngdbi ti nan.Ban se dd0c me?t trong,nhdifg co quan Thien Nguyen ye'Dinh Ciji bao trO v giup dr
lo1 4
Cd quan bZo trd cult ban se- kiein cho ban Ira ngddibk, trd dia phtldng ho4c chihh cd quan do se cung cabcho ban n.htifig dich vu dinh cü dü tién.
Muc tieu cu'a viec bab trd hI dda ban tdi sd td tu'c kinhte'sdin chtitig nao hay chili* â, thddrig thddhg lihâng cong
viec laTh. Muc diCh cu'a viec bab trd la cho b4n t!.1gitip
De'chdng td sq hiei bie't va dôhg y'cu'a ban vdi ca'cdieb kien bab trd, xin ban vui long 14 nh4n bdn tuyenday:
(1) T6i se- chaP nhan dinh cu d bat cii nOi nao trennubc neb tôi không co than "than hay ban be"mudn holIc c6 kha nang gitip dd tdi.
(2) MCA khi toi darnhan dinh d'mOt thanh pho'ndOthf sau khi td ndi tOi khOng the'taing ddi 1 sedddc di chuyen vd giu'p dd di sang miit thanh phOkhd'c.
(3) TOi se- chab nhksq sai; cl4t ndi cd ngu dáu tiencho tói vi gia dinh tOi.
(4) NeU tôi d'trong tuOi di lam va cO the:lain viec,chak nhan bait viec na'o co sail chi cho
viec lam do'cd thuck kha nang chuyen mtin cu'aAq /
toi hay khemg. Toi hieu rang toi co the doi viectrong tilOng tai neU tôi thai vong ve cong vtec do;._nhdng cd,quan thien nguyen hay ngddi Nib trd sekhiing giup t6i di kieM viec khac.
ralig thi sephdi lo lieu 14 viec tifn kierhCO hoi di hoc va trit tieh hoc phi.' ThtiChig thddfig
, . , . Al _cac ldp hoc Anh ngt(du0c tO'chdC vac) buoi toi vamieii phi.'
(5)
,
Nhan cht.frig Ky tenNO)/ Ngasy
NgthViti nan thick yeu cAit k); ba'n tuyen KO' nay achoho hieu rang ho se'pt4ii lam gi sau khi tdi MY/.
c. Chi phi'di chuyA/ A 7 .-
13cm se dt?Oc Td'Chdc Lien Ch mh Phu ye Di,Tra pm)cho mdOn den mua ye may bay, lay tu qui do chinh phu HoaK)7,cung ca'p. Tien ye ma'y bay ni cung mi?'t dka diem, phatxuAt d'ngoai quek deu cultg mot gia nhd nhau bat ke ban setdi, mot dia diFm, nao tren nt1N,MY'', va trong moi tradhg hdpgia ve'này se" thap hon la gia ye thdOng mai themg thddrig.
Tru'dc/khi len ddOrig sang Hoa KY; ban se'phai k); mi?t
td gia) hila se hodn trzi tieh ve'mdy hay. Ban phuii tra' laiPmon nen vay nd na-y. Cd quan thien nguye'ri ha,o trc3 cho ban
se lo viec,thau jai mo'n tieh no nay. Ban co the tra den Limnhia thang, ChrtNi rat it irong nhdfigthdng dau', hoktc trlam On mtit kin. Mon nd mely ktidng tinh tien 101 va. ban se"hi thau nO cho de`ii khi mm da tra liet sdItien. SiVtia thaulai se dild'c gdi' tra cho \gin ph6ng JOM va dLidc du-ng de trachi phi,di chuyeli cno nhilng ngni t nan khac mon diph cu'O'l boa ViCe han tra mon den vay se gitip cho nhiThg
,
ngLiOi nan tOOng lai ddOc hthIng su giup dry nilli tracinghdp cult han.
har4g ve' thddfig, ban ditdc phep matIg theo 22 kt-lo hanh lyViec tr: tien chuyen dhal csA1hanh l); nab
tren dinh ir tra'ch nhiem cu'a ban. CO quan 10Mcting ii hu cdc CO quan thien ni,uva d&I khdng co' ngan quidnra thzing dd. Neu ban coi dtil6rth ly hotic
12 1 fj
lodi vat dem theo thican phAi hdi cd (min thien nguyentrtidd khi I6n dt:Wg sang MT.
Ludt lé quail thue' cu MY.caM khOng,cho mang \fibnay rnOt.sdhans nhti: cac lo4i th4 ma,tuy, trai cay, raucac lo;4i cay nho v5 thit tuA-3;. Nhting thd thu6c co toa baC srthi dtick chab nhan. Ban,cdfi phai hoi cd quan thin nguyenveI4t le nhif doan trddc ngdy n dddrig.
2. DINH CUN
a, tnong doi
Su ? th:inh cong cua' ban trong vie^c dinh cd tu`y thue?c v50that dii.cua ban nhieu 1-in Id vab loai trO, gin'p ma bp se"nhan dthic. Bp nén Nei rang ngdOCIATththirig danh gia'cao thal 'do "at tuC td lap". Mik dal ngdOi tihh rtguyen hayca'c nhdn virI cu'a cd,quan dinh ctIdia phtlOng se giup choban hieii du'dc st1 khac biL'1 giüa dOi song d'frly va'ddi Ongque hubfig ho ch6 ddi.ban co quyet dinh va sangkkl'n rieng trong vrec tai lap cuoc s'Ong I boa Ky.
NCU ban cO kri:1 n5ng lasm vijc, ho s chd dal ban nhannlQt
A A /cong yi6.c vd bat dab kitin ten cdng sdm cAng tilt du
cho ding viec klftmg gran kinh nghiem cua,hantrack (14 hodc tien laing khong chi& cao. NeLiban kern
rAnh ngd, Ito se chd ddi ban di hoc Anh vdn ngoiti gid Itcmvk;.c. "ITh n'hdt la ban .cdii hoc Anh van ngav san khi ban co
,
quyt di.nh main dinh cd 6' I loa K. v chtic chah phai hocAnh vdn trong thai gian dtuah hi d .xtl'sdtam dung.
,
Ngu61 ta se cho dot ban co' ciak sOhg dik lSpkilling !min Iun l thuOc vdo ski trd ginp, biet trOng dty virochirih minh vd co t h I ( I i&i cho gia dihh. thanh ciingcuh ban to'y thay, hail ldn v5o tdin Hat biCt cuh ban yeluat ph:q) va lé loi cii >al'o' I loa K. Ban khong din phai phunhan gia tri ring ctia mirth nhang ban cith phdi hied cc giatri Iloa K) thieh ang Vui ddi siThg 6')af ndy.
17 1'
7 7Trong khi hair 1:rei ca1c ngddr bao try va nhan vien xd'hc)i deirhieir ngd/di nan,cd nhia vilh/de`khd vit cab cdthi gid de'thich drig vdi ddi sag mdi,,ho van mong nguditi nan cd the'td tdc cang sdrn cahg tôt.
,b. Ngiin khoan dtnh cu'
Mor cd_ quan thien nguyen phu um/6 laTh thd tuc dinhcho ngdOi ti nan tnla khi len (Wag Hoa va-thu
xeAp' cac dich vU. tleP ddn vd dinh cd ngthii ti nan trong giaidoan da Hien nay, cdc cd quan thin nguyen dddc chitihphu lien hang cap cho mt ngdn khoan nhd wI ddc nh5.i tirihtheo môT dab ngthSi ti !Ian thd tuc cho hy trddC khitdi, Mvà cung cab cho nhu cat tdc'thdicda hy sau khitdi xirndy. Theo khe'dck vdi chinh pht., m,ei cd quan ti nancd quyeh quye't dinh ve-viec xedung ngan khodn dinh cd tinan.
Vi den trinh dinh cti cc') the'ldu vd t6ri kem,ngdn khmin trd,cab 'cad chirih phir khng di de'cung c5P chomoi nhu car, cac cô quan thien nguy4r thddrig phru kiemngddi tinh nguyen de!b(Vnic cho nhdrig philOng tien gar hancud ho.
C. Npidi brio trj: 7'he nao Itingar31 brio trd?
Mcit s nhdrig ngd6i tiih nguyen nIy hi nhdrig ngabihay nhOrn nht? ca'c giabsxd,'nha thd Do Thai, hay ca'cnhoM chung tdc. Nhthig ngdoi hay nhárn miy ththifig ddOcgoi Ia "bdo trc". Nhdrig, ngObi nay lain viec hodn toith dothien chi'. HQ nhafig,nor kho k,hah ngddi ti rum cdthe'ga`p phdi trong khi thigh u'rig vOi cudc sdhg cua mdt congthing xa la. llau hei ngddi bdo trd II n'hdfig ngdói My'co/IdituC trung 'birth hi r nhdrig noi khd khdn cda van de-kiemviec vd gid*Ciddc viec !dm, van de'trd thue'vd cac hda don, vdvarc d&-cho con di hoc. Nhtilig ngd61 tiih nguyen kh(ng Id),"
141 S
tiéii cong khi gidp han, vd khiing cd gr hI Iva& h9 phai gidpban; ho gitip chi'vrho man gitip md th6i.
NL ngddi U n4n saiS doiin ty vdi thtin nhan hay ban he,CO qyan thien nguyen c6 the'trông Cay \tab than nhiln hayngdOi ban d6 Vey* giup cid ngüdi ti n4n tddng W nhu' stigidp threda nhdrig ngddi "bab trd" kh6ng cojien he gi-vdingdói ti nan. Trong,nhieti trildng hOp, ngddi ti nn se-dtiOcgiap ddirtIOC tien bdi nhan vién ctia cd (pan thien nguyen.Trong mOt atrüdhg hdp khac, ho dOc su'ph6i hdp gitip ddr-gida cO quan,thiEn nguyen, ngiii tifih nguyen, va thdn nhdnhay bang hdu dia ngi2diti nan.
Viviiy, do sd thu xeP cu'a c5 quan thien nguyen, ngdOi-"ba'o tr6" cua ban, tile ld ngdOT cd trach nh*n lo lieu cho cdcnhu ci tdc tha cua ban, cO m6t ngu'di hay m6t nhdrntihh nguyen, bti con hay ban he cua bon, hay nuit dt,ti diencutt CO quail thien nguyen. Tuy nhien, cd quan thien nguyen
, ,cua ban van cd_trach nhiem toi hau trong viec lo lieu cho cacnhu tad thOi caa bitn. Cd quan bto trd caa b4n la ngdoiba'o trc.i chinh.
d.
tO1 I loa K.N n.2, ba sj chi& tiel> ddn dphi trOdtig..
Tai day ban sL7 ldm th, u tuc quan tha:: va nhin yien SdDi Trtc se-xem xe't gidY td-va chinh thde thau nhan,byti vaolloa KV. Nleu ban can tiep tyc cuoc liwili trihh toi diasau cang ban se' ditOc giap dd chuven bay. Tai phi trthhig 6'dia d IC 1 cuoi cung, ban se-dti6c than titian, ban bC:,,ngt10itini nguven, hay nhtin vien c6 quan thien nguyen, tdi dontiep va dtla ban ve ndi tru ngu.
1r-
Han co the (106c dau den (3 mot can phong da stia soanm6i kha.ch san if t6i; ti&i do cd quan thien
nguven'thu xep, hod-Ls ban cd,the'dac dda ve'd'atingI
mot gia dihh ti nan khac, vOi than n'hin, ban hay vdi niCtngthii ndo khac trong c(ing d6fig ilia phddng. Neu ht.tn dil6c
19 15
thu xe'f) d tam mcit n6i na`o thi thdi gian tai dd tujithay; wio win de.ban kieTh dth3c viec mau chong hao
Trong cong cuic dinh cLi, ban se-di/6c thin nhn, hanngthil tinh nguyen hay nhan vien x hOi gidp cho han Mi
nhcip vab dOi song cong &fig. I-19 cung sco the!
1. Giu'p cho ban tirit ndi cti ngu lau
2. Gitip, Cho ban xin the An Sinh lydigchd,ng xin the' n4 Fat can cho ban khi hi dE dikiem viec
3. cho ban dch mua sa"t'u do'de'biet'dchchi tieu va danh durn den bac.
r4. Clu dan cho ban casch xif'dung pluldng,.tien chuyen
clurc(ing cOng (xe buit hay_xe dien) va chi)choban nhati-g dilOng mio di ul nha va dildng nab tnive nha.
..5. thich cho ban ye luat R ya phong tuc Iloa
Ky:
6. (iup ghi ten hoc cho con cai cua ban.^
7. Co van ye yiL lam Va giu'p ban tirit
S. (idp cho han quen thui)c Vdi ca"c dich vu xa hoi otrong Yung han sinh sZing, badg cach:
,a) clu dan cho ban hmic, nen can. dia han v
viii Cong a'kham su'e kho. Ran co' thr:'ddcic yju cau di khdm sac khoe ngav sau khitdi.11oa khi ban ph:ii xuai
.
cluing chi v te cho chu nhan, trt.iiirig hoc hayc(i quan xzi" hoi d'lloa KY.
16
.
b) Kiem nhaig chddng trmh day Anh van ainghay td hoac tirih nguyen kern hoc cho banhay gia
p) A, ,Ho cung co the, neu can, bo thi gid ra de chi cho ban
ca'c daV diem d trong nhd, cho thaS, nhdrig chât lieu hay dungcy,nao co the'nguy,hign, den Ulm ban de'trd lcsh nhting cauhoi ho4 chrde giup cho ban cain thaY mirth nay dd-ki thanhphaii ctth cong demg mai.
Khi co the duoc, by can tim dd trtioc het kt-(1) ai ndi ha con, bttn be, hay ngddi bao trd tirlh nguy-en(neti co), ke'dO la (2) win phting dia phadng hay vu'ilg ctia cd(pp thien nguyen,,va sau hei y (3) vaii phd-ng toan (lir&cua quan nay neu khOng co ndi nab giup
, , . ,Trong nhcia ding dorig, ban co' the du'oc su glup dd cua
, , . A A ,cac co quan xa dia phddng kh(ing chinh thdc lien he vdtca'c cô (van thien nguyen dinh cu" Wan qublc. Ngoili viecphuc vu dan cd ngy dia phdOng, nhdrig cd quan nay cag cd
idh cho ngddi nan.
Bat Ice ban et; the'ddc3c gitip dd-nhttligsi;died quan. , -
trong ban nh(3 chmh ban mdi la ngthii chiu trachnhiem t'61 ve'c'iMg ctuic dinh thtinh cimg caa,ban.Moi ngdect trong ddi ban chdng td y chi va sang kien xfiything cuck dO-1 cuh 'ban d'lloa thtinh cong cu'a ban la-sti dao dat cac tha'nh cua chinh ban.
3. IINII TR<1NG
L. Qui (licit( nun
.4 *A
Mau 1-94: Khi tdi Iloa Ky, ban dddc thfiu nhtin vab quich(i, ti nan. Khi djt ch:m nddc' Tra vd
A
NhV Tich se- hOp thdC ho'a Mfiii- 1-94 cult ban, cho phek bandihc cd ngu va laM viec d'lloa K. Thd nay hi nil IA gumtan nhat ma ban co cho tdi'lthi ban chlqc cab thj thildrig tra
17
(TO Xanh) 6)1-Jou Ki Ban can §inari th4n the nay va ddiigde5that lac. Ban nen la'm mOt ban sao agid trong lesd.NeU lain mai the thibgn sa6se- dddc can deri de'xin the mbl.Tren the cO ghi so'Ghi Danh Ngoai Nhan, cd chtl'A vatam chtle-s6'theo sou. S6"Ghi Danh Ngoai Nha-n thddrig dddcg9i la sa Di Trti va Nh Tich gidr-htrst) cu'a bandddi sO'nay.
Sou day ki me)t biei ve'qui che'ti cu'aban:
1 Ngddi'ti nan ngu trong midC mot cdch hdpphap vii co the'girqui che'ti nan'' cu'a mitTh.baolau cue-rig dukic. Tuy nhien, hq cd the'died chuChtinh trang de'trd'thSnh "ngoai nhan thddfigsau khi chi cd ngu Aloa Kjt dacic mi)t ram, mienla- club hesvi pham luat 16 Hoa
2. Neu' can, ngddrti nan co' the'di ra ngOai ni.ldc/M)7,nhting tra(36 hei phai xin Sd'Di Trd cap cho mOtgay phep cho ngu'di ti n4n di du lich goi"Refugee Travel Document"., Ngddi tj nn khi xingittSt nay phdi nap miit le phi cho Sd Di Trti nhangkhdrig cd nghi'1á Wang nhien thick chap thuan.Tdi lieu nay 4idp cho ban du0c tai alai) thuan va-omidC My7d1.k31 qui cheiti nan. Tuy nhien ban nentieb cd quan thien nguyen tr16C khi tifthchulen xual ngoai. C6 mt?t so'diet:i le ban cdfi.phai hiI. Chang han, neU ban trd've-thab xtrsonguyen qua'n thi'chuya di ft9 se- miiu thugi vdiviec xin hdag quyen ti nan cLia ban. Cac giichd(': Sii? Di Trd I boa Ky co the'coi viec nay nhdhaih ding 41 y' tiT 1)6 qui che t nn eu:i ban d'ioa Ky va" ban cd the'khOng ddo'c phe'p tai nhlip
ca'nh lIoa K37. Ngoai ra, xif menguyen (ILIA cdaban cding co thekhong cho phey ban talai I boaKy. Chie(i khan nhap canh phai do xt.r sdbanmu0 thCfm vieng cd0 phth yi xtrsd'do cc; the'alchoi cal) phat chic:u khan cho ban. Cd quan thien
18 0 4
nguyen clia ban cO the'giulp ban dien vabddn crab thiei de'xin Giay Phef) Du Lich vi3i Sd'DiTrti Hoa Ky-.
3. Nguidi ti nan cd thew ddn xin cho ngiIOiphôingdu horc con vi tLanh nien chda lasp gia dinh de'nhting ngabi na-y cd thetheo sau sang doin tu vdimihh d'Hoa Ky-, Thti tqc ndy dddc goi lá "Vi-da93. ._Vi-day rniit van de-guan trn trtic cdangtiOi ti pan, thd tuc nay dddc rnO t chi tiet trongphAh dtiOi day:
D. Vi-da 93: Ngtidi phrli ngau vd con V thdith nijnIdp gia dinh theo sau de'dodn tu Kizoan 207
(c) (2) ctia Dao Lu'qt Tj Nqn 1980.
Chinh phi] poa K cong nhan rg cd nhiati ngai tinan khi chay khoi que Wing ho thdthig bo lai ho4 hi ta'chrOi khol vd (hay ch61,1g) va con cdi ho. Theo the' tuc hien
ngay sau khi tdi Hoa K9, ngthii,ti nan cd the)lain do'nxin cho nhilng ngtlOi nay trong gia dinh ddOc sang Mi.
Ngti6i Ji Ilan nito co ngai ph(31 ngau hoac con vi thzinhnien chtla lap gia dihh dang d'ngoai quôc, ba't o)h9 clang cd
-,.
(lac tich nth) va datis d'quóe gia tido, dal ?hatha1
o cho cdquan thien nguycn cua mihh vn yeu cait giup laln ddn xin"Vi-da 93".
"Vi-da 93".chi'cho phCp thau nhan vd (hay dull-1g) vacon vi thanh nien chda lap gia dint' cult ngt16i ti nan. Vi:da
_
na'y khCing dam ,hao rang vd (hay clang) va con cjia nAtidi titu.tn sZ: thick chinh quy"ch dja phddng cho phep rôi xtt sd'cdngu.
, Ngt1O-i ti nzm thCla-rn ddn xin "Vi-da 93" sau khitdi floa Ky, vi chi'trong tnldrig Nip htm,nhw chr ct'? halthtrack khi dadc thau nhan vasO I boa Ky." vdi ttf cich tj nan.NhLitig ngiOi titian ddn xin "Vi-da 93" phdi 1-do tin cho
2 3
7cd quan thien nguyen ctia 119 biet mot khi cd thay dw dia chicho den khi mb gia diñh a-clack doin tu.
Ngtfdi ph61 ng;V'a vi con ci vi th4-nh nien chtia rd:p giadirih theo sang dozin tu theo tha tuc cua "Vi-da 93" ail diOcnhan vab Hoa Ky-dddi qui che' ti nan.
c. Qui cht;'duldrig trU
mat.7 1-551: Sau khi Hoa Ky-dadc mot na`m ke'td-nga-y Va.° Myr-, ngtiOi ti nan cc; dCin 'xin, qui che'thtliingtar. Sd'Di Trti khöng dji 1* phi cho viec eau xe't clan xindiêü chih tirih trang ti nan. NO 6i ti min phi raip ddn chovzth phdpg Di TrU co,tharn quyeli,phitp dinh d'ndi ci trU_hien thai cda ho. Vdi su' died chinh tirlh trang miy, ngtidi tinan se- nhan deik m6t tai Iieu mdi gQi kM iiu 1-551. Day hi.m6t bqc nhu'a co dan hinh, thick gqi la "the xanh".Qui che'thtidry- trti khemg phai hi dtidc ban hanh mt ckh tl..:Ong. Hail het ck cd quan thi4 nguyen se-giuip cho handen dUn4 loai ddn va nopsho Sd'Di TnI. Vicac cd quanna'y cd Iin hC; cong viec Sa'Di Tni va hiéti r ca'c
ho co the' traith dd0c nhiii su khd khan klimg cari
Dtiói da} m6t si")"di6ii (sail hiet ve "qui cheiththirigtni:
Nhu'rig ngoai nhan thddng tr,U dtidc coi Ii nheingnen cte ngu thiking xuyn Y Hoa K. Ho cd the,d tmng tinh trang miy suiq d6i ma khong hao gidtrd'thanh c6ng dan nhap tic.sh Iloa Ks/.
2. Ngoai nhan thticing tru cd the ghi danh phuc vutrong quan doi Iloa 1K3;.
n
3. "Fhti'drig trti nhan coth1
e xuat ngoai nhting,trtidcii phai xin Sci Di Tru cap "Giay Phep Tai NhapN61". Tai Iiu ndy gi(t tri trong hai mint N6p
20
ddn xin gia nay pha'i tra mOt le phi'cho Sd DiTni., Can phai xin ctilekkha'n iihapa ,ca'nh va-onhung quOc gia muOn tdi tham. Nu e du lich sangGia-NE=Dai hay Me:Tiy-Cd thichecaii "Vie xanh"
(khOng din phi xin chii kh.an nhap cinh).
4. Ngoai nhn thddng truco the nap ddn cho S'd DiTni thay m4-t cho pgddi hop plibi hay cac conchu'a I gia dirih d bat cd turOt nab. Nhdfig &In
neu du'dc chap thu4n, se cho ho cid& huthigquyeil 16i cuà "nhdrig nga thueic LAI tin thd'hai"theo 14t le, di Hoa K.)7; Serchie'd khan dabhcho ut.t tien nay chi'co han, colthe'phSi matnhier_U thang hay vai nam khi ngda phôtngau hay ca'c con chda kip gia difth dOc phepchap thun kiin di clan.
d. Qui chi!' cong dan
Qui.che'công clan Hoa KY la miit dik an, kh6ng phai la-
meit quyen Ii hay ha phan. Ngdói t nn cd the laln thinxin Ithn cong dan Hoa K nam nrun sau ngay nhap chh.M(it s(") dieit kien
1. dI dii chitili sang till trang thdOtig tni (thCxanh).
. , ._.
2. da HOU KY- trong, mot thdt gi,an tong cong la 30tha'ng mi không co Iin nao yang mat qua sailthang.
(Neil ban mu(")1.1 rdi boa Int;71 tren thaIng ban phziitui thttm xem viec nay co anh hd(Ing the' mio t(i van d'e'xinnhap ti h sau nay.)
5. c6 kien thdc'cah ha'n ye lich sulvii ha thdrig chin/ hquyeri Hoa K.
,6. co kha ming Anh ngd cAn bzin (tdC la co' thelmii,
doc va viet).
7 cd carh dao du'c.
8. dzr cdngu d'tieii bang, noi la-m don, it'nhai La sduthang.
A
Don xin cong atn.Floa irq'T cho So' Di Tru.Mot cuOc phemg van cd tuyen_the se quyet dinh xem co the'
thuan,cho Vng ddn lam cong dan Hoa Kj7 hay khong.Moi chi tiet ye-van delarn don,ya chuan hi trcYthzchh cOngdan MT can du'dc h6i xin tai van ph6ng S6' Di Tal hay tai cOquan thien nguyen cu'a ban. ,Cdc dqn xin vzio cc-mg thin dalpha'i kern theo m6t le phrtra cho Sd Di Till.
Nhthig cong dan qap tigh Hoa Kji dddc harig rritquyen Idi (14"c hilt. Chang Ilan, vdi tu' cab mot cOng dannhap Uch ban co thexin the thong hanh Hoa Ky-. Nen nhd'
nhieu- qu6C gia doi hdi Chieu khdn nhap cdnh riddCho. L.I cOng dan MynhIp tich, han cling du'dc phep di haii;NJ a v(ii td cach con, an M7; nhap tich ban cd.the''xin nhktich cho ngddi phOi npu, cha me, con cal doc than hay dalav gia dwh &hitt' cd tuoi iiuo, yd anh chi em. Ban co the'hoi the" m chi net ve`vic nay tai SO3Di tru" hay cd quan thien
A
nguyencua ban.
4. Alr)t songo nhan thong thihing
My thang dau tien ()? Iloa Ky rat quan trong va thddnggip klui khan. M4-cadd ban,dd-co the'nghe ndi ve-ddi ming d'Iloa ban va n'S co thhay n!ifig thdc te lai khaic. Ban co
21
the'phdi xe lai ca'c dieti mong cukban. ,Kinh nghiemcho thaY rang yeu dlidng nhd gay can trd rat Ion cho tiehtrinh dinh cong cuck thiCh utig sau ntlY chinh l nhimg,dieil =rig ddi khemg thdc cu'a mot sO'ngni ti nan khi tOiFloa Ky
Ngdói ti nqn khim nen chdddi rg ngthii ha'o tn, haycd quan thien nguyen se cung cap thgc phaTn, nha (3\4 czktrd cap khdc vb han dinh, rarig cOng viec d tien se- ihidc tealthing cao hoa.c co' lien he vdi kinh nghiem lain viec trackday, rd-rig cac cd quanthier nguyen trif tierl hQc phi; rang
nan cd,the'td choi ding viec ma van chi& Ca quanthien nguyen tiep tuc tai tro.
DaM day lir niC;)t s(C'sd kien qu'an tr,ngthidnghJ ngniti nan ng6 nhan vu co thelam cho nan king. Can phaibiei den nhdiig su' kien va,nhd_ra.ri-g moi chuyen khdkhan r6i se'ddOc giai quyet vdi thOi gian ldhg nhail nal,
I. M6t so'ng0Oi ti Ilan co' khi tin ra`dg cd quan thrennguyen dem 119vzio Hoa K va- do da se phaitrong.nom 119 virih vien. Day 1a mi5t ngi) nh4n.NgdOi ti nan xin dinh cd dlioa Ky- do su' lifa chond9c Lip vzi phai chiu trach nhicm ve quyef ainhcua ho; Cac cO quan thien nguyen gipp thac hicFncac thu tue va giup ho dinh cif khi tdi nOi. Tuynhien, cô quan thien nguYen kliSng dem ngaOT tinan va6 My.; ngd(ii ti nan xin dirdc chaf) thuiin va`o
A .3.
My, duoc vay,tien tra Ye may hay vao My va duckchap thuan hdi chinh phii My.
It" kiu sau khi Ky-, môt ang061 ti na.ncain thz*I'y rthig ho se-khOng tlie`"thrch
A
song H9a K9, h4c czrm thay' vo.ng caics6ng mdi da-khOng tien trien kha mau cho'ng.Day cd the'la lu'c can ph;;i de'n cd quan thiennguyen Y't1 CO nva va hi
.
king }lan. uy,nh,ien, can-phai hicu ra-rig viec quay trd ye lji xi sa tam dung,hay m6t quoc gia de tam khOng phai lam Om de
dang; dièi nay tdy thu6c d'kha nang tai chinh cu,angadi ti nanva-cac died kien di tru cu'a qu6c giama ho maiin den.. Cac cô quan thien nguyenkhông the'thu xep nhdrig_chuyen nay. Viec ngübiti nan xin tirih nguyen h6i hilOng ve-riguyen quanse-diick chuye; den vari phong cua Cao Uy TiNan Lien Hiep Qu6e lacd quan phu traChnay.
3. CO 4uan thien nguyen kheing bat buoc phiagiu,
p. A P
ng.doi ti nan neu ho don ra kh61 ndi dinh cd (JACtien. Ditii_d nay cuTig dung ngay cS trong trthifigluip ngtleii ti nail quay trd'lai ndi dinh elf dSus tien.Vi quyen kii cua ban, ban nen Nib cho ca quanthien nguy'e'n, vao luc ghi danh trade khi sang HoaKY, bie't ban coi than nhan hay ban be d'1\49- haykheing. Cd quan.sthRn nguyen sE tiiii eich dinh cdban ei'mcit nJi gan ho.
4. ( 6 quan thien nguyen kaing CO ngiin qurde 'tillcho viec 11()c cua bp (Xem chacing n6i ve-viechoc cho Ngile3i Lo'n).
#,5. Mot so ngtioi ti_nap cho rafig ca'c_dich vu y te'd'
!boa K deu mien phi. Day la mcit ngo nh(inkhae.
Ddi khi,ban cci the'dthic bSo liieni y te'vanhan cua ban, ho:ic bp..co the tt; mua lay baohie'm y quan thien nguyen, iigtlôi ba'y trd,ban be hay ba con, hok cac nhan vien,y te c6ngcong, deu_cd the chi'a'n cho ban ve cach trá tiéichi phi ye y te. (Xem muc: He theing ChainNom Sdc Kluce olloa KY).
O. Mot s'6'ngOeil ti nan co' khi lai cho ng nhthig,trd Cirih nguyen daik tra Oen de'giup
ngt?(Vi ti nan. du'ng sO that.Nhu'rig .ca"nhlin hay nhom tinh nguyan gidp
").4 28
ti !Ian di.nh lain viec nay la do ldng quLg daiva thien chi'da h9.
7. Ngddi-ti nan không ddOc luat 1 Hoa KS.,. mien trd.Ban, va chi'ai ban, la- phiri chiu trach nhiem veWat capon nO nab cu'a ban. Ngoai ra kheing coai ngoai ban se phai chit' trach nhiem ve hathanh thin& pharn phap nab cua ban. (Xem:Chinh phu vt Luat phdp Hoa KS).
5. Thic'lz thig ItoU
fr 7 r ,Bat cd ngddi mm song ci mot quoc gia mdi cung se_phai
qua môt mdc de.) bi ch d9ng v tn hoa trong rnôt th6igian nao do'sau khi tdi xd serndi ny. Chan dOngvtn hdaco the'ditOc dinh la- atm tddng khe'ing ddeic gittp ddr`va-
thatiryong trong m(it q,upc gia m minsh klpng noi dddc nenngd khCmg hieu cid& vzi-n hda cua qude gia chi
Hdn ndar, chiin ding On lioA Iakti quzi cult Inôt IISiming trtii m v hoan wan kh.ii'c biet, v cung la do tiiihtrang không the sOng cu9c ddi d(1.4c Ip nhd khi cdn sarigclue hiking cu.
CaC trieu chdrig Wchan (Icing va`n ho'a cc; theibao goi-n 4thai vong cua rmit ngthci k6ng thFthtic hien nhirrig cimgviec thddrig ngziy nhd khi ngdor vaii d'que hddng cuamid-h, chang han viec mua sAM, chuyentpang phddng tienc6,ng cong, clang dien thoai,cOng cong, hoac hieti hi cacbang hieu ngoiti phô. Czic dati hieu khlic Ve-c4nang van hoa co' the, cd kho' khan thitch drig vdi cdcvai trb khac nhau cua moi nguôt trong gia diiTh khi sinh sOngd'mOt qu6C gia mdi, va sd thied thông cain cua nhdrig nho'msac toc khac nhau.
Tuy nhien, nguyen do chinh cu7a char) d6ng van hoa cothe Id tidh trang khkg,the'nab chia se vdi ha con va ban be-
e-nghi va phan cu'a rieng ve-cu(5c s'64 a'
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xt? sd mdl,. Neu ngddi nab kh6ng cO gia dill hay ban be d'xd'sd'mdi thlviec thiCh tirig van hda cd thed4c Wet khOkhan.
MSC khichah Ong vdh hda co' the ailbiet cdch dôi pile, thi cd the'bien c161 tirih trang tuyet %tonsthanh ra hanh phuc. Ne:ij ban dang chan d6ng va'n hoa,ban cd theal) dung nhdng cach ph6 denghi sau day:
1. Chd'nah ngai vikhd nang Anh ngu'"gid'i han cu'arrahh mi không manh clan ndi tag Anh.
2. Hoc Anh va'n cang nhieti vâ caeng sdin drig t6i, vaasedung tierig Anh vao moi cd
3. Ket ban vcif ngtfdI My'va 1arn viec cling vdi ho.
4. hieii van ho(1 Wbafig cach s6.hg theo dchsi3ng cu'a ngddi M tham gia va`o viec 1am currignhti viec giai tri cua ho.
5. Xem ti-vi va tha'o 1u4n ve-cc chddngtrin'il tin tOchay qung/cdo ctIng vi cdc ban nIdrM de'choho gidi thich ye cac gia tri van hoa MT qua ca'ccfilking trihh truyeii hihh.
6. Ghi danh hoc aic ldplAnh ngtild mil ban cd the'gap nhdrig ngdOi ma ban cd the' chia se hay thabluan ve-ca'c vain de-kho khan cul ban.
7. Gia nhap m6t h6i doan chu'ng t6c cult ban Iándiban a') the'titil duc sd gidp dd`Can thiet. Vi d'Hoa Kr9 cd sti khuyeti khich duy tri van ho'a va giatui chung tc)c nen co 91-Itin h6i doan chting ti:x to'chdc'acc sinh hoat giai tn vfhi, dOfig thOi,cung Cal) nhieh hifih thdc giup dd,`-nha arc IdpAnh van v ca'c chddng triiih hddng dirri vt vanhoa.
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8. Tham gia sic) hoat Ong mi ban thi1ch tin; khi
cdn d'que hddng.
9. Ndi chuyen vol ngda ba'o trd hay ban be- ye-nhdrig ,ehuien khd khan ma ban Op phSi trongkhi thich drig vdi nen van ho'a
10. NOi chuyen thddiig xuyen vi nhAg ngddi tronggia dinh. M9i ngdOi trong nha déd cd the'triiqua can chfin ang_va-n hc6 va-o nhting 1u6 khac
nhau nhüng cach khc nhau. Ngay ca treem drag co nhdrig khd kha vAe thich dng yin hda.
11. Mac d4 d3i khi bi chab.nan, ban,h.ly nen kiennhan chinh rnihh. Can OA co thdi gian de'thiCh Ltrig neri vtin hoa mai.
cho ngUOi ti nan hieu hiêt nhdrig di gi ho co the'mong dLmOt CC1i vijd phai. ,CLk cd quan thien nguYen tin Ring ngdati nan co nhdffg ddc yong cao, vi sd to' do ang cdhclitha-ng tien trong mac de) kha nang vd-sd câñ cu laTh viec cua
ho kh'ong the'nab tht?c 'hien dddc ngay sau khi m6i tdi HoaKY.
"SLi thich u'ng vd1 nen van hoa Inch CO thLl'khd khdb va
.7
a' I ) -nang ve tmh th(in nhin ngdOT. Nharig ng_adinan 'Op nhi&i kho' khi nha't ddeHig nhiI kinharig ngt1Oimong nhieci va,qua sdrii sail khi tdi nOi. Ho cd the'cam 01E19 thfif vong, tdc giiin hay bañ rIii hmrc vi ngthS1 1-do
,trO khiing giup ho nhia nhu ho mong ddi, h4c vinhdrig suthu x6p,cho cu6c semg cua ho trong nhu'ng nga-y Oalikhemgchide tOt dep aha ho da hi vong.
Trong hii Ifef ca'e trildrig hop, ti-nh trang na'y se- dd6c. A
cal thien nhO sil lam viee chzim chi:lag kien nlian
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gian. Nhcisq hiet; blei hOn ve-tieri trirTh dinh at, nglidi tirip co the'tap trung niirhic vi nang hic ctia ho vab viec ttfgiup mifilt dat dtk)c calc muc tieu schiini tu`c vi thinh cong.
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CHedNG HVIEC LAM d HOA KY
A. Din' nh4p
Li ngtldi ti nan dinh cii H9a K, ban nen bieirng ngUi M da'nh gia "sti td,tuc" rat cao. Neu ban co khanang di lain, mci ngLidi se-chd ddi ban nh4n mOt cOng viesva bait (146 kie'm King Fang sari cang tô, thi cho cong \Teekhong co lidn he gi tdi nghesnghiep cticua ban ho4c khongdu'dc trd lddng cao. MQi ngtMi-sd-chd_ddi ban sdin trcrchzinhtu' ldc dnh sinh ve-ma.t kinh te: NOM My tin rzifig nhangngtldi cd thedi hini cari phai 1aIri viec va kh(ing nen trOngc4y vdb sti trO giu'p cua ngddi kha'e.
. / . A I A,Co nhteu dich vizi co the pup cho ban trong van de trm
kiern viec lam. Tuy nhien, chinh phi] My'lcheing ba'o thimcho ban viec lahi, ngddi bab trd hay cd (pan bdo trd aing%/fi kha nang va s&ig kieti c nhan cu'a ban se-rat' quan trongtrong viec ctuyet d!ril) xem ban co kiern thidc mot cong viechdp vdi kha nang cua ban kKing.
Ciing vidc diiii tien cu'a ban cd the'khOng thuk pham vichuyen mon cua ban, nhting dHoa K ngdai ta kin'hnhdrig ngo6i sztrl- sang tam aid chal5 nhan cd'nuit conk,,viec gicho den khi kieM du'dc viec tô hdn. Mac di sd tiep
A
tuc mot ding viec trong,thSi'gian ii nhat lii sziu tluing 'se gidpcho ban co nhaiig stf gi3i thieu tOi, ban du'Oc tt.1 do tihi kielnnhgg; ding viec iii6l thia hd'p vdi ban.
Phd(ing phz'ip viec va,cac ddi ve'chuy"en monthulthg khac nhau tuy they moi vdi,m(it,so cong
e c co,the khong cd tubhg dthing chinh xac. Bandin phai chual2 hi chap,nhan hit cd cOng,,viZ'N gi trong lucdau du cho no khong co 4 tddngxdng vdi c6ng viec cua banhoi con ,d clue nha. chthig to cOchiu kho deu se thay cd nhang cd hOi thang tien. Ai cdng
3
tthan phuc nhdrig ngddi tieri than til mdc ding viec th.a. nhstnhci stf can cd-va sang kien Hang cu'a ho.
,
Viec Um rat' ail thiei c) Hoa Ki. 0 *di nay An Ong vadan bi deli di Um. Phu nd chiein rpOt ttda sO ngtfdi di lain,vil ho lain dii moi logi cong viec tif nhang vies khong can ccikhA nang chuyen mein tIngden nh nginh chuyen nghi4p.Ngoai ra, tra va gia cur_ ng ded di larn. Tre em dtlqc day u?lu'c con nhc; velid tri cua viec la`m ya sti ttitue. Clahg han,cluing cd the'di bd bdo ma ba sang tri16,c khi di hoc, hdiccd the'lain viec mik phati thdi Aid sau khi tan hoc/hay trongthdi gian nghr he. Kh8ng nhang chting hoc ye gia tri cuaviec la'm, ke"ca ceing,viec tay chan, cluing cein hoc cab sedung tiefi bac va. trd thanh ti,1 tuc. Y'chrtu' tuc nay dar-khiencho nhieii ngddi lthi tail kliong chiu ye hdu yd.() WC 65 tum.
1. CA/C LOA I CoNG VIPC
a. Nhdnrg cOng vicay kliong can kyr tailg
Iin het' ..nhdrig n4t1di lain viec (i% Hoa Kj/ ded b0 ailbzing nhang cong ,vie,c_ dm* hidng toi thieil hay nhdng c6ng_viec khiing can co ky rilthg. Nhiefi ngt16i, ke'd nhdrig ngtetOi, A-My dth3c huah luyen hozrc theo hoc twit nghe chuyen mein,thtidlig kiln m6t amg viec tath thMri-g cho deh khi dc. hocxong; Idc d6 ho dting cong yie'cdo lam mot thanh tich de'dikieM ding viec phd hdp vdi nganh ma ho da chi& huilfiluyen.
Neu' ke'rn Anh ngtichan vii`ii cd the' di lain nhtIng ban cdth,e khong kiern cid& viec kha hOn. Nhieit ngadi ti ri-n hodcdi an trong khi di ldr,n van hoc them Anh virn holc mötnghe-chuyen m8n khac de'co nhieti hi vong kietil dthic viectot hOn.
, ,. .,,, -Ban co the 'Gem ddOc mOt viec kim khong ky
,nang
.... A, A
trong hau het mqi ngdnh tren Ctin bz'in toan tlii3i gian hay mot
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pha-n thdi gian. C6 khi ban phdi lám hdn mOt vie:c mdi c6the'dd sUng.
Nhdh viec lain d mdC hidng tO'i thin thddlig chick trdtheo gid'ho4c .thidc trd theo tdng mcin c16;nhi? trong tracinghdp cult nhdrig ngdO1 rdp do:
Lilong gid: Tien Iolig gid-chidc fifth tren citing siVgid"lam viec. Trong hau he't moi nganh, tudn It lain vieC wanthdi gian lã tif 35 deh 40 gid--(hok td-baY den 8 tiehg mOingay). Nhdrig nhdn vien ldm viec an lddng gid se- ddc3c tràcao hdn khi phai lam nhien hon sO'gid dinh hang tuan,tac I. gid phy tr4 Tien c6ny, tra cho nhdig ngdOi40 gid-rn(it wan thddng la gap rddr den trd cho gid Iamthadhg le. Nhan vién chi'dddc trâ WI-1g phu trbi khi thickchd nhdn yeu can. Nen lain gid phu tr6i ma kh6ng c6 sd yeucü tradd cda ch nhan thrnhan vien cO" thekhOng ddddtratieh cho nhdh gitclaIn them dd.
. - A
phy triii co the ddoc col nhp mOt phin thdaig lecu'a cbng viec. Nhanyien sYdddc tra phu troi, nhdngkh6ngrdddc quyeri td choi lam viec. Td chCil lain gikphytrOi da thick dinh tru'dc col the' cho nhan vien hi ma'tviec.
LAIOng theo giecao hay thaP ty'y thep ciing \dec.Hi hei,nhthig viec lain không can huan luyen dddc tra caohdn, mac tO1 thiel.rnOt chill. Lddn* thin Id snien thtiknhat ma cac chi; nhAn hai buck phai trft cho c6ng nhan. So'tien dd la do chihh phu lien tiang an dinh. Met atieti hangcd the'cd luat rieng ve'lLIdng Cd'i thin /a LIA dinh mdc' lacingnay cao hdn dbi chult. Ban co' the'tirn hieu ladng/ttii thintrong tin hang ld-bao balig dch lien 14c voi vnpho-ng lao dOng tieii bang ndi minh c1d ngu. Nhang tnidrighdprpgoal không ap dung hidng tol thia chi'co the'ld
triidn'g hqp nhan vién kiem du'dc them tien Oh( dutien "tip" cua ngddi hiü ban) kenhd thdt pha thddh-g I cu'aden lddng, tdd flea- kie'r'n them dal-Idin cho, tier) lacing trungbihh rnoi ginahg bag hay cao hen mdc luidng tOi
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Ltidijg lanh theo mon. Tieh c6ng tr theo mcin thoóngdu'dc 4 dung trong nianh xat hang boat. !Ai tra lüongnac bAo da'm cho ding nhan mOt sO,Iltidng hing tu'ah nhltdinh cong tieh tra them cho niot mon ilia cOng nhan sanxulit chick ngoai mot sô'mdn (1'6 dinh. SO'tieti can bSrj tratheo mo'n chrhab cho nhan vien mdC ItfOng tot thieu, ma119 co the'kiein dddc.. BSrig cAch sn xuai thick nhieus mon
. A AO." / AngoW sO',Itidng tot, th)eu, so tien lanh cho mot mon lam/themse7rai dang vol nhan vien. Loqi tra hidng niry co the'rat loi cho ca chd nhdn kin c6ng nhan.
b. Mang vicc lain can ky nwig
. ./ A) A .-CCing viec cd kY- rang thaông doi hoi nhat m9t trmh
dO huan luyen hay h9c van cling nhti,trinh do Anh ngd.,Nking ciing viec co ky ming (kik tra tien cao hdn nhtingviec kluink c1 ky ndng, va tien Itidng thtldng tang theo sigia tzriv ve-ly na-n hay kinp nshiem Ian viec. 0' Hqa K)7,mot viec tam cd kynang co.,the'dtidc coi nhd mot chu'c vuchuyen nghiep m9t loai c(Tg viec co.the'dem lqi cd hhithking tieri ve'nghesnghiep cung nhu ye lu'ang bong. Tay theongiThh, mpt siVaing viec co kjrnang cd the'dtio.c tra cao hdnla mot si;cong viec chuyen ram. C.:Ong viec co' kYndeng co'
A-p .
the thay trong hau het m91 nganh va thdo'ng tI nhtitig, c6ngviL toSn hOi gian.
A A
he't nu)i_ngdhh khOng the bI dIi ngay m9t congviec cu 1:/* khi thr dtidc huah luyen ciing,vrec
Ngay ca ngddi (.4r dthic hua'n luyen, cacding ty tkiong mildn nhan vi6n hat, dao,bang vie"c Urn khOngcdri kTtling trthiC kni dtfa,v1lo,nht!ng viqc ky'nang.Khi [than m6t cong viec d mac bdt dau, ban se cd nhiü cdmay kient dadc mot viec kluic tt hon trong cling mot hanghay trong cling rnot nganh cOng viec. Nhth ngildi larn congviéc d'mdc hit (tail thadng thick tra tienitidng so KrRii cao
nuiC lacing t6i tren din ban hang gid hay king
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mart, vd.thd6fig ddqc trâ tien phu trOi ned phabi laIrt nhiéigid hdn la sb'gid thddng lé trong tun.
c. Murrig c6ng vie(' chuy'A mon
CO m4t anghe'nghrep nhd y, khoa, nha khoa, luatkhoa dddc qui dinh ri chiTt chj-bdi 1u4t I Hoa Ky-. Vdi tt?cach rnOt ngtldi ngoai quO'c xin hinh nghe'tai xd 'tidy, banphai:
theo môt khoa chuan 101 chuyen mOn liking dtidngvi khcia hoc cult nhdrtg ngdOi M9 chon nghe na3t;
ddOc trdC nghiem ve-khA nd-ng cu'a ban;
AT'
va dddc bang ca'ii hay chdrig chi'tai mot lieubang ndi ban muciA hdith nghe:
. 5.nhuri, dieu kten dot hot nay, nhieta chuyen gia ngoai
qu6C thmic cac ngd-nh,n4 can phai ddtic huah luyen themtrtidd khi xin chick phep hd-nh nghe: Ned ban call dttdc tdihuail lu,yenn nhti vay de'cd du Feu kien hinh nghed Hpa KS7,ban phai chuan bi de'trang trai tien hoc vas caC chi phi khdc.DOi khi ban co the'xin ddqc lien" tai trd ho4 lien vay. Neuban can ad trd ban din phai titii :te-cdc khodn chi phi'cu'itg nhd ve'cit'c aiesci tdi trd cu'a nhdrig dai hoc ma bantinh ghi danh theo hoc.
Trai nhdt'cg nghe-nghiep dddc,qui dinh nhieu- hemnhd knren, CO cong viec dO chuyen nghiep
, ..A.-
trong ctfc ngdn.h kinh doanh, tai chanh, chifth phu va nhteunganh khdc chi doi hoi triiih do nhSn d dai hoc. Nhdfignha chuyen mon kh'di sq bztrig nhtlrig ding yi4 thá hontrong cac vdc nay cd,the sau nuit thdi gian se dddcthzing Wen len nhdrig &tic vti WI-1g xthig viii khh nang cu'aho.
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Trong khi nhu'rig cOng viec chuye:n mOn trong tddng lailau di cd the'ddd,c trt't cao bkt su' loai cOng viec niokhác, ban nen biet rang nhang ngddi ba-t dâü lãni cong viecchuyen mOn thddng kiém tieri it hdn,nhdng ngddi cOngviec kj/- na-ng. Banscing nen, bi;et rang, trong khi Idon4bOilg gia tang theo thdi giani_bat ngddi ndb khi mdi bat
cong viec cdrig cd the lanh ltiOng if hdn 1im6t clOfignghiep lahi ciing mOt cOng viec nhdng cd thiim nien 1St' ho'ntrong cong ty.
Trongtat ca moi nghe-,-kha' narig gici ve-Anh ngdr-vartluCm luOn la dieii kien (pan tr9ng.
2. CAC LOAI QUYEN LdI
a. An Ninh Xar-Hói
An Ninh Xi Mil hi men chthing trinh tdr, hi hducu'a chinh,phd lien hang daith cho had hei nhdrsig,ngtkii Iaiiiviec. Chu nhan va nhim vien do'ng thue cho chihh
Tri,ong trtlag hdp cu'a nhan vien, tieri thue'cladc khaiitrdthIng tu' treh hpng..,Nhthrig ngdO-i chd cOng viecrninh curi4..phdi tra thue, nIning ph:L lo Ira 1Sy baiig cachdung nhang !TILT cd slin 'va:n phong An Ninh Xi Hi diaphddng. Tat ca nIning ngddi nao d trong cinking tria AnNinh X1116i deti cd the ye'htip ktti 65 tuoi vi chloc chacingtrinh nay tra tieri Inlu being? ne'Ll co ddn xin, Ban al-11g co the'xin ve-Miu va-o nam 62 tubl nhdris sO tien dlidc laiih se itshdri, Ca'c tieri tra nhieil hay it tu`y theo tialthing \fathdi gian lam viec. He thOng An Ninh Xa Hi cung cungcaP nhdrig quyefi ldi cho nhting ngu'adi lain nhUng tre:( thirthtfn phe've"the'chAt hay tinh tha-n) va khOng,cdh la-m viec,
nda. Tiefi phu cA0 uin,phe'khOng bi gidi han ye-mottac. MuOh biel them chi tiet ban an iien lac vdi van phdngAn Ninh XáHOi.
b. Phu ail) dl c nghip
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Chtipng qua phu cal) that nghiep cc: d khai:Acc tiêibang nhcftiñ thue d& chti nhan tra. Khi nhan vienviec dtloc rnOt th61 gian (thddiig lã sati thng) ma bi viecvi`nhd4 1); do kitting do ho gay ra thiho thddrig du* laphu cap that nghiep trons melt ath&ig,nh*at dinh. Neu b4ritd bc; cong viec kiiong co ly do chit;h dang, hoac bi vicc%/I'm& y do chiith clang. bq.n cO thekhdng &WC habilg phucak fhat
NhtlFig *ngdoT larith phtj cal) tha't nghiep phi ghi ten tiñiviec mOt va-n phdrig tim viec chg.
C. Phu ca6 c6ng nhan
Phu cab cong nhan cc; 8' pail he'i cdc tieu bang,(i HoavilchOng phAi tai ca c:tc chil,nhan bat buck,
phai tham 4ia vab ch0O1}g triiih phu cap cong nVan cga tieubang cho nen khOng phai cong nhin vien nao cung co the'dth3c hdOrig quye'ri ldi d4c biet nay. 1),(51 nhdrig ngtldi dudiéü kien, phy caP cOng nhan cung eap mOt phn phu themvia) tierilub'ng vd tin chi phi'vey te'trong suM thdi gianc(Ing nhan vien khng the'lain viec dqc vrbi thuking tich docong viec gay ra. Nhdrig quyeii Iqi na'y thddrig dAc caP cho_tinh trqng hoin toan khcin& the'lan viec dOc trong th6igian, cc chi phi've y va thildng tich virihcol mdt scVchil nhan khcing tharn gia vac) chddrig trial ph4cab c'ong nhan tieu bang, ho cd the'cung cap nhdrig quyatu'Ong td trong chddng tririh ba'o hierin tab phe'khac.
d. Bdo sinh mang
Ba'o hiên sinh mqng di khi ddo'c chti nhan cung cal).Trong trdng hqp do, hao phi'd the' dthic chti nhan trahmic ddOc tr mc:it phan bdi cfni nhan va môt bOi congnhan. Bao hiem sinh mang thiking dul3c trh bang trefi m4tcho cong nhan ne'Ll ngifói nay hi tiniking rang va-vinh vien-
35
trong khi hm viec hay ngoai gi6lain viec, hoac tra cho giadinh cu'a cong nhan nth ngiltilniy thiet mang..
e. BaO /deinsdei klwe hay y te"
Ba'o hian stIC khoe hay y ta'thddiFg do chd nhan cungcap v cOnknhan chi_phai donLgOp rat it'hwric khcing phhidong gOp gi het. Hau chddng trai nay dea chophe.p gia dirih cuh nhAn.vien dulic tham gia nhani nhin vienphal dohg Op them mot sti tieri., Không chu nhan nabcurig cung cay quyeri !di naSt. Cac quy l3i cug chenh 1E6nhau rat nhieu tuy theo chdOng trilTh chi& cung cal.) hay hiachum
, ...- .,f. Cac clicking trinli hu. u tn
Chu'ong trath hdu tri'la-loai quyerisIdi,,ma,a chd nhanIan nhan vien dea dong Op. Trong hau het cac chddng triiihhdu tri nhtm vien phai tra meit se) tieil nhat dint) trial td tierihi'dng Nra chi) nhan sedohg goip vai) cid mOt sabln(ch phani . ... ., .., .-- , . .,... _ ,tinh tren toan the so lang. Nhdng mon tienpnay dads donggdp trong thdi gian rillan vien larn viec cho cong ty va' sedOdc tra laj hang thang cho nhan vien khi ngddi miy nghivicc vi lotri tuoi. ThuOng thdthig nhan vien phAi laM vies cho
.. . . . I L.-
inyt cong ty trong !mit so narn trildc khi cd the'ddck hdaigquyeh 13i naj, khi v^e7 him.
g. dau ("nil
A.- A t ,tr- ,Hau het nhung ngucli lam viec toii-n thOi gian dn dadc.- . . , - # #0, e ) i .quyen ngin mot so ngdy cc; han din3 vi ly do dau om. Cac
, . .chu nhan co rilniffg chinh sdch kha"c nhau vrtinii gian nghi'vidau orn. Coinhi&I tri/difg hdp nh:In vien nghi'binh khôngdtidc tra ldóng.
h. Nglii' 11(7 (Ng/11.11(.111g nc7in)
3 6
_Lo nghi nay,thgdng dltdc dung cho hoat (lag gii
tri. Cu 7ng n1)11 nghi vi 15: do dau dticIc teenniOt mdc dinh hang thang. h6t nhan tatieri" cho nhai nedy righilhe (tdc#1a. nh'in vien dtlbc lanhhfang dfik chi cho riffling nga-y nghehè); mtit achif nhankhOng cung/ckS quyen thttdig nhin vier'phai xin phep trUOc khi lay nga'y nghrhe Nhân viênthtlaLT chi'ddqcphdp nghi'he sau khi di lain vie:c mOt thOigian an dinh, thi dy sau thZng hay mOt na-rn.
3. TIA'N LUoNG VA1/4 CAC KHOA'N KI-1;141I TRif
a. Tieri hang
Tr9ng .triOt trtidiT hop, nhai 1á khi chi nhanhang rat nho (ho;1c ral it nhan vien), nhan vien cd the'dti6ctra' barig tiefi mit. Tuy nhien, nhtin vian thilaig ddqc trthcItg chi phieii. Neil ban (IL* tr bg tiêT milt, ban se'phai nhin dildc !mit bn liet kê chi tiet vrtidri hrdng
tre Ned ban cliTh.c tr bzieni chi phieii thi-nprigkhoA het ke nay se:,ddqc ghi teen meit pharl rieng alit tanchi phieli, goi 1 cuong ph)L lyng. :Fran pilaff najt cd ghi so'lul3ng gop, ca'c khoSn khau tni %/if s lilóng rd-ng.
Ltiang gap: S6'llidng dinh cho raii-c6ng viec thCOiigla-lddng Op 1atTh , tien kierci thick trongrneit ky'lubing trtldC khi hal nult khan na7).
LtiOng Ring: Moi kill nhan vien a deli thatird 119 nhn cid& la- 11Mng rag. Lildng rag ki so' tia
Khau trJ bA't buQc la nhinig kho6 do hit dinhdOd.c tra-vall tieri Vag nhan vien vaO mbi ky liidng. Nhungkhan nEy gan co:
1) Thundi tu'c'lien bang: Ma ngildi song d Hoa K.)%va-cd 10 tiJ d&i phii do'ng thue'ldi tife lien bang.Tierr thue'n4 do lust pt* bM buqc, ai tirchOikhông chi,u tril se bj phat Wen- hay phat t, hay cahai. Tieii thuno`i ti1C lien bang (lag de'trA ca'cchi phi',cii&I hdhh cua chirih phiti va ca'c chnngtrinh cung caic dich vi afa chinh phtinhu' qu2)c 064, ngoai vien v tr(3 c xa hqi.
Thue'ldi tAllien hang thddrii chloc travao lutfrigcu'a mOt ca'nhiin tren mot can b:in txch phan vao11101 ky lug. SVbach phan nayrcluoc quyei dinhbdi'mOt traih3ng goi la-m:iu "W-4" ma m9irig* deu ph?ti dietivak_khi viec.Mau nay het ke sci'nga6i re: thucic %/do nhah vintheo si? qui dinh cux bo luat thue'Hoa Ky7Thddri thniTg trong gia ging d'ngoai Hoa !Cc/ thi khöng du'qc Hag qui chengiN 14 thucic.
Trrnhai ney 31 ailing Gieng niôTnm, chinhrin phai gdi cho nhan vgn mai' "W-2" vrtieiilu'ang kiehi dilqc trong nam. ruFy cho HetA ,tone so ludng kienl cid& va- tat a ati6ti khailtni tifsitiOng gry. Ban can ,phi mail- W-2 rayde (king Va.() khai tutIl-ang ntim.Min khai thundi (lack (lien Ndo xi
gailkJ-rn NMI nin W-2 cho ch'amnqt ngay 15 thAng mici na-m. Ban cc') the'thAy cac mau khai thue d ngan hdhg hay Wu diénda phubhg,
2 38
dlNeu ba..n khong tr chi thuel (cc; thevi:khai_quanhiü nglidi le thuachoac khau trd mai 15,-lu'dng suA it), ban se 43hal trei them tlencho chihh,phi' My. Neil ban tra qua Irak thue thi phuse' han tra' dd dd cho ban. D61 vdinhifrig ngd6i 10i tik tha"p thrcd chldng triiih tra
Idi WC. Theo chdr3ng triiih nay ngddi khaithue' cd the'trd mOt sO tren thaphaithing, hoP ddqc bbi hoSn mOt dif raglddng aim ngddi dd khOng bi tn./ thue.'
S'Thue' I.di TdCd (IRS) co' nhieliwin pho-ng diaphudng. Ned ban cafi thick giUp dd khi died-mgkhai thue'hoqc cd nhdrig au hoi ve-thue'ban haTdeli win pho-ng S Thue'dia phddng.
2) Thal An Ninh Xi-F1(ii hay la Luat Ddng Gdp vabBab Hiehl Lien Bang (Federal InsuranceContributions Act, goi t 1a F.I.C.A.) dadc khautrd-td-lddng gap tribf abdch phan nhai
dOng cho tralai hang thdngcho nhan vin khi ngdai nay dti tuoi ve-hdu(thdag Id- 65) ho4 khi nhin vién bi thdo'ng vtkheing the'lain viec ddpc
3) Thde' Ldi Tdc' Tin Bang. Thana`y chi'dt/dc thaud'me?tsd'tieil bang cuh Hoa K Thue',na-y ddpctriftiflddng gap mat a baCh ph:an nhat di.nhnhting hao gid cdfig thalS hdn sb bdch phan cu'athue lien bang. Tin' thue 'nay thing cietrd cdc chiphi died- ha-nh cu'a tie?' bang. rcd mOt sOttin bangkh6ng trd thue tueva`o tn,6i nhung laithau rieng cho nhdrig muc dich chic bieet.
4) Thue Li Tdc Dia Phddng. d mat sei'dit phd8ngco thrco'thuelldi thdC thanh pha' hay quab hat.
39
4 3
Khhii trurtirih nguyen 1 nhdng khan kh'aii tp-do nhanvien yeti cau. Nheig sO' fief' nay dddc tni Nib mbi k hieinghay theo mdt thdi biêi thudiig xuyën (thi'dv hahg thing, batuâil mOt lab hay hai thdng mOt lfih) và cd theVin tiéh biohien y te: tie?' thing cho nghiep clan, ti tra cho qurtindung hay bio hiein sinh mang. Cd the'c6 nhdrig khan khaqiitnl khac tUy theo cOng ty ma nhfin vier' lam viec vã nhdiigquyan ldi chick hdthig.
Sau daY la mOt mái W-2 ghi tien kiein dddc. Maridd cho thijr tâ câ cic loai khaii trd-cds the'dddc tni-tren tienhidng cUa ban.
1 Conumrue hc !u,ocu
2 t m1:000. ^ame adot000ss rule
The Shade Dept. Store Inc.
7120 Woodruff StreetWheaton Street1Thed ton, MD ZO8 I
F4.0. W-2 Wage and Tax Statement 1989I Sweet S et ...par s ices Lo.q...te
.18 V0,41t.,'S 1.1z no 19 hew ol
.21 I 04..1M 1.115 flt 22 4;4 0110,4..15
Copy I los Stec 010 iv local Tat Oepart.ent
4. KIEM DOOC VIEC LAM
Mein viêc kim cifn co thdi gian vd 16ng kien nhdri.Kiat dt36c vi4 lain clOi 1-16i chrldm viec.
Khi ban Hoa K va d trong tuôl di,ldrn, ban phdi xinviec vit,tranh gidnh viec lain khóng nhtign vdi, nh ngt.16_
chu'a co dang ki6in viec ma cthi cd vth nhting ngu'Oidd r vie am nhting dang cAn kiefn viec khá hem. flieh
dt kiern viec cung muon kiefn dulic vies tói nhâi
40
'14
,Ia hc3 p vdi kha nang cua rninh. Chti nhan se nhan_ngddi nab
thiichhdp nhai de Lim viec cho cong ty, hoac ngdOi nal! cothchdfig t cho chti nh'an tha9 ring miñh 1a ngdôi thich hpnhItt cho chtIC vu mi cong ty dang
De' co' thecanhitranh vi 14 dilOc cong viec, phaimuo'h lam viec va sin sing nhan bat cd cOng viec
De'co" the' kiein dddc viec gid viec, 114n can bietrang:
kh6ng cd viec tido dang chd-bim khi b4nn31.
,
bkm se phAi canh tranh kieM viec vdi nhtIng ngabiti Tian kink vS v6i nhd4 ngu'6i MY" dang thainghi.ep.nhdng viec lain du'dc trA hidng cao va dddc thiChnhai thddrTg co nhia ngtidT canh tranh hdn.viec dair tien ma In.in nha'n lam 6' Hoa Ky khôngnhal thi:ei 1á cbrig viec ma ban se. ginrong suigcu6c ddi lam viec.nhin nganh k thuat 6' Hoa Ky7 ddi heii ban phitidubc dác Net chthcg nhan hay dddc phep fianhngfiC6) Hoa Kci trtidC khi bz.m thtic hanh nghe-chuyen mon do".bing cab hay chang chrcal) d'ntidC g6C ciia bankhông nhai thiei se- ddOc cbrig nh'im la cd gid tnhinh nghèd Hoa K)7.
Khi kieM viec cah phai xem xet xern Nri co' ky'ria-ng,kinh ripiem hay m6t sd hudn luyen nzib cd,lien he tdi côngviec do hay kh6ng. B4n se can phai hoc cach thich drig khd
,nang d4c biet cu'a bqn vai.) thj trtIOn-g ding viec 0' Hoa 1(9nhd the inco ctio thanh cong nhat. 134n nen nhdrarig ngtldiMI thddng (161 cow viec de'thiCh drig vdi thi trtlagcong viec hien huu va .de'thang tien nghe nghiep cuh hq.Tifth cch 1iiung tron cong viec cho phep ta thiChLi* va thay dor tinh chat cua c6ng viec cho hyp vdi khd nangvá sd'thiCh cu'a ho.
411 5
Kiehl viec do'i kien nhYri, o'c tddig ttld,ng va srtgkien canhan. Ngay,ca,khi cOng viec kh6ng co sdn, ban vancab. Oral tiep )(tic vdi cac chu nhan tang lai bang cach vietthd hay dien thoai cho 119. Nhieia hang c6 chifth sdc13 "md'alh" trong viec thfiu ddn, tdc 1 nh'an ddn xin viec bat cd Irknab va girrnhdig don do' trong hifsd de'da-nlj khi co'chtitrong tang lai. Cdng cO nhieri chit nhan biet ve-ban thi bancing c6nhie6 hi \Trig kiein dddc viec laht Khi di kierh vi-4cban pha,i lucin lu6n mang theo giajf td chting t6 rag t)an da".nap ddn xin the An Ninh Xa 110i, ho4*c neit drrcd the cid MI-phai mang theo, v the 1-94 co ghi rang ban dridc phep dihim. Neil ban dang tiñi kiern m'dt cong viec chuXen man,ban cung cah mang theo mdt ba'n ly lich hay tieu sti cd'a ban.
a. Cdc nguiA tin tdc'y-co"ng an vie:c larn
1) Ban be va ngt.16C ho trd: Cac m6 9uen hièj ca'nlian thddrig 'cac nguori tin tdc tot nhal lienquan deh kiten viec. Ban be va ngddi bZo tr?) aiaban se rai cothe' cung cdri tin nIC quan trong lienquan den kiern viec. Nhien ngddi tien lieu ve-viesdinh cii aia ban da' co the'lgh cac tha-m 'd6 sdkildi lien van de-ri viec kietn ding viechiè cdc cong viec san cd ma. ban cd th1aTh ddnxinr_viec ldp ta. Ban lac nao cung phip tq minhsan satng cho ca'c c6 hdi nhri vay.
2) Nhdh cd quan thien cac cd quan thien chithddlig cd nhdlig cd'vah kiem,viec trong ban thammdu cua 119, ral quen thuôc vdi thi trddrig kieinviec trong dia phang 119 vd- chuyen mOn tirh vieccho nhdrig ngddi ti nan. Nhiéti ngUdi cd nhinndm kinh nghiem vd da-pha't trial cdc quenbiet trong cd cc 1a7Th vilc VEVanAcle-kiéin vrec.Mang th1104 ho hi nharig ngdin kiem viec th't
Vi ho c nhieit than chit, ban nen kheinngoan lam quen vdi co'van kietn,viec trong cdc cdquan Ind' ban giao tiep va co eng lien lac deV
4.1 f; 42
clan vdi ho. Ho finking din- ca.c chii Wan sa.0 tcva dia phdbng cung nhd cac nguOn khhc dildc liétke tai do' de giutp ban.
3) Cac cd quan kiein vie:c tii bang va dia phddng:M61 tieti bang CO m(it cd quan kiem vic conggi}ip dan chung tilnyiec midii phi. Khi ban thingky vbi rm3t trong cac cdrquan nay, ban se.ddc)e c8van ve-cac cong viec sari co' thieh hdpniing vã tritih do hoc van cu'a ban.
4) Czfc hang kiein yr:6c td vd cd kieln hEingtd co tlib' cung casp nhiéi dich vo kiein viec nhdtha'y tai casc cd quan kiern viec tiéli bang vd diaphddng.
Qic hAng kiersn viec cc; ldi tinh tien thd kim thüdifgcncd'vab tmit 61/ le cua Iddng hang thang hoac ha-ng naM nalthan chu nhin mot trong ding viec do hang gicii thieu.Trong môt vãi trthiFig hdp, thu kim nay co the'dth)c tra h6ingukci Chu' thue. Hary tiin hi miri,han trdd khi ban himdon xin viec, vi mot soiluing co the chu trong nhieu 'den thdkim ban trz.i hdn la viec tim cho ban mOt cdrig viec 61-1 dinh.Co the'mai nhiéi thzing akiern cid& rnOt viec qua cac ha-ngnay, va ban khöng nen chi dda vao hQ thSi atiln cong anviec
h. Timil virv
Cd thick v* lam pia la incit trong du tien dati,cu'aban, ban cung phai tü minh kiem viec bang cach Idu y vai):
I), A-
Myc ngthii: Co the nguon goc chinh tin tdcve-cac viec sail co' trong dia phddng la d'cac muccàn ngtfOi. Cac moc can ngddi nay dtidc tiiri thaYtrong cac Nib hang ngay dia phddng trong phifn"cAii ngt16i" (Help wanted) hay "cd hoi laTh viec"(Employment opportunities). Moc cab ngddi
43
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thtiOng.ddOc Wet k theo thd t,i màti tti theo loaiviec, gaii trang cuOi cua td bao, va cd the'cO motnib CI so 1dOc ve-c6ng viec, dieti kien, va s'6 1dOngde-nghi. Cuiig se- CO soIdien thoai ho4c dia chi'degoi den hay viei deh.
Ban phai theo doi muc cafi nAddihang ngay khikiem, vies, va khi ban thajt co cong viec d4c bietlu'u y, ban 'Thai lien lac ljp Khi cu6i angban mdi bal lien lac, thi su' chd ddi dinhyrig,cd hOi cOng viec dang sar co.. Cacbao cua & dan 1 mOt ngtiOn tin tdC tuyet haocho viec kiem viec, da-c biet cho nhdng ai khongnoi gioi Anh van.
2) Bang cab ngt161: Nhiêfl tiem dah tren ct.th bangcab ngdoi khi ho co cOng viec cung drig. Du chocong vi,ec cung Ling 1Lic do' cd the' khOng hdp, banvrn phai dien dOn xin rn'Ot viec khac cd the'cdtrong tdong lai. Ban kheing nen bOi rô, khi xinviec calig nhieu cang hay, vidO chi'tang len cd hôide'cO dddc viec.
3) Trang yang: Phan trang miu vang dien thoainien giain dia phddng dads sai) Ott theo loai va
mori tiem và tcrchdc theo rnru td.Bang cach dien thoai hay vret thd chQ cactiern hay CO chde kinh doanh nuedn ngdOi vdi khanang nhd cu'a ban, ban cd the' khz(m pha ramOi ding an viec lam va ban se hieii biet ye-cdc
nang kiein viec hien ht1vi tuUng lai cua diapinking.
4) Bao chi' chuyen mon va Bum tin: a nhieii baochi chuyen mon va ba'n tin liet k cac viec chinh
cd sd'kinh doanh lion quan den nghe-nghiepcuh ban, dOng tha vdi môt mb ttrn lu'dc ve-cacviec aj/ va dia chi? Ca'c bab va ba'n tin nay noichung dthic thay (1)thd vien ding va dai hoc.
444 5
Bgig ca"ch viei thd cho tObchde ny cing nhiedcang,hay, ban,se td-ng cdc cd hói kiem viec va banseco rni'n kien thdc tOt hdn vethi tnlOng kithviec trong 1ah vi.c (lac biet cu'a ban.
c. Ba'n
&Lc n,han dien ddn xin viec chuyen mon ph"di chu'a;bi mo't bah torn lddc tied ar gon ghe (Curriculum Vitae,Resume)., BEin ,ndy phai ddOc soan tha'o cah th4n, vdi vA'npham dung, chinh ta thing, va cuc cau vab thing. Khbrign'en dai qua: rnôt trang.
/ / 5 I . .1/-Cac ban tom luoc tieu sd co the thay doi ve kieu mau,
hay van the tuy theo ngherighiep vã scrthial,ca nhdn, nhüngphai chda Ong niot sO dd kien dai.c phan tach ra tdrig mucnhd sau:
Deicien ca nhan: Ten ho, dia chCva so'dienthogi.
Kinh nghiem viec hay gm; viec:Doan nay thddrig liet kZ cac cong viec tracday, khCii bdrig cbrig viec m&i nhilt,"roi dingddc vèvdi thai gian._ Dtrkien phii dal czi tenho va dia chi cult ngtidi chu mulln cu, caong vi'ec
,cu, chdc vu dgkimdt mo ta sO hick ve-trachnhiem trdOC day, va nidy thang cac 1äri dthknnidn trOC day. Ngt.161 xin viec ma,cdkhcing co kinh nghieni thu'c viecphzii ghi difkien lien yuan (la cic kinti nghiemkh;.ic (danh dd dac blot, xuai han, tham gia vaocac,toichtid dia phdOng, dO an). Moi ding viectien hanh khi con gia tié nilan dad curngdtfcic ghi them va() bah sO IdOc tieii sir
3. Hoc Van/yd. thu huan: Day phlii II môt liet ketheo t hti'tiJ thOi gian ye hoc van vd thu huan.
45.19
Bdn liet Ice phdi giii Ten trthYng, mOn hoc, so'ram hoc, yd. van bditg, trffih dO, chtlfig chi'tbltnghiep d& nhldn dthc cho mOn hoc. Phii mbnhdng khd rang cho cOng viec ma ban dang xin.
4. Cdc chi Wei linh tinh: Chi tiei na-y cO the: chd'khOng bgt buOc phiti diefi dOi vdi viec dang xin.Thddiig muc nay gijin tti cdch hOi vien cu'a caulac bO hay tO'cha chuyen man, krieti thtfc ye-ngbai ngtlhoac,cdc na.ng khielt kthut chuyenmOn (da td, sda xe gait may, may vd).
5. nhan gidi thieu: Bdn sd sir g6fn Te'nho, chdCvu va dia chi'cu'a cdc ca nhan co' mOthiêii biet truic tiei) ve'kha ntfng cu'a nglidt xin viec.Ho cd the'la cdc ngdOi c6 th cung cat, chi tiei ve-"tirih,tinh" cd nghili Id Ito cd the'n6i cho ngddi chitmu'dn tuUng lai mit tVdiét- vequdkhd tin cua ban. Vi'du, ban có the'dultg Ten hocua ngddi bdo
NI ba'n sd Iddc tieit ste_phdi gdi den chti mu'dritrack khi ph6pg van, thi nd phdi dthig kein theomdt 1L thd gidi thie.0 (cung goi 1ff Thd md'ddQ.Muc dih cult thd nay Id mi t sd qua v'engddixin viec, dê-ra IY do xin viec, liet ke moi van kienkein theo. Khi viet thd gidi thieu, ngu'di xin viecphdi chSC chith la- thu':
dddc danh may gon gheva chinh xa'c.dddc gdi deh nuit ca nhan nhal dinh trong
khi cd the' lain dddc.ndi rö loai chde vu mudri xin vd tai sao ngddixin viêc lai viei thd cho hdñg m6t cdch d4cMet,thd phdi nira-ng, ngdit gon va-chuyen nghi'ep.antôt ha'n sao sd,lu'dc tiCli sd:(Xem mau thi.? gidi thieb trtrang ke'tief)).
546
MAI THU Gidi THIt.0
Ong John Jones, Girn DÔEdison Electric Company954 Atlantic AvenueChicago, Illinois 60021
Thda Ông Jones:
TOi thr,doc Chicago Thdi Bdo sO'ngSy hOrn nay, thay quihang co rmit, cher trang cho mOt Ky sÜ dien. TOi xin du'qc ghinhan nhd ifng vien cho chdc vu do, va kesm theo day m6t bansao Sd Id& tia su ctia
NeU Ong can the'm cac dtlkie:n bo'ttic licFn quan den hqcvah, kinh nghiérn Iairn vie'c, hay thih trang ca nlihn cia t6i, tbise'vui king cung cap.
Mong nhan dddc tra 161 cult Ong sdin nf&
Thaith kinh,
Jan Srnolinski544 South Woodside AvenueChicago, Illinois 60653
Gui ciu!t: Tin? giói thieu nay chi' hi m6t mat. Ban c6the' them bat cti mio xet,thay gia tricho ngue)i se'doc; tuy vay phai ngan, va cotinh cdch chuyen nghiep.
47 5 1
MAIJ SC3 LI3C3C TIE11 ST:?
JAN SMOLINSKI544 South Woodside AvenueChicago, Illinois 60653
Doi tuong cua viec
Hoc luc
Kinh nghiem
(312) 667-6969
Duoc lam viec trong lanh vuc cokhi dien va co the chuyen mon vehe thong phan tich
Dai Hoc Ky thuat POZNAN,BALAN. Cu nhan ve Co khidien. (Tuong duong voi chuan bidai hoc va Cu nhan cua Hoa Kyphoi hop). 1975-1980.
Ky su so cap tai Nha May DienPoznan. Phu trach kiem soat cacgiai tang nap dien.
Phu giang tai Nha May DienPoznan.
Xuat ban Tap sun Nha May Dien Poznanso 54. 1981
Tham van
Nha May dien: Nghien cuu hieunang giai tang nap dien.
Giao su Frank Jones, Chu tichBan Co Khi, Dai hoc Woodrow.(201) 510-7200
Ong John Smith, nguoi bao tro(416) 318-9711
48
Sinh ngu
Chi tiet ban than
Tieng Ba lan (tieng me de); Ngavan va Duc van (doc duoc); Anhvan (noi can ban va viet duoc)
Sinh tai Poznan, Ba-lan thang 5ngay 20 nam 1955. Da ket hon,2 con. Duoc nhap canh vaoMyvoi tu cach ti nan ngay 30-3-1982.Khong bi gioi han ve lam viec
49
5. THAYpol LAM THANG TI.6V NG1-th-NGHIEP
CCing viec la chki- khoa cho cueic solig sung ttic heiinhkip th;inh ding vab ddi seitig Hoa kicu'a ban. Sau khikiein &Me viee, die5 quan trong hi gilt no'. 65ng vie:c daritien cua *ban tai Mise d4c biet (pan tr9ng trong viecithieflap lich hay lich sdlim viec cult ban. ,Vi chu mtldn kheingthiCh nnidit va huith luyen ngt.161 rdo chi se lain viec vdi hangtrong mat thdi gian that nglin, ban nen cei gitrv* dau tientrong 6 tháng hoje lau hdn. Dieti nay s cho ban tieng hithing tin cay va se tii-ng len C( hñi cho viec tieit trong cacding viec sau na-y.
a) kim vi(7c.
pe'giLf'dadc viCc, ban ph:tiro-elle chic' ma chitmtfdn rnua tith thaji d'caC ngtidi tan tuyeit. Cc dde tifth as/
I) Dting giO-vd Ci y' tinlc Ve- thO-i gian. N&I ban dilam inuein, ban ph:ti dien thoai cho giainNhied ch3 mtiOn thing the gid,Thay dôñg ho-kieingiO lam viec ifi dông de'ghi chitih gid nhanvien deli, va rOi atePlaTh viec. Cje nhan vienthtiOng hay di lam tre the'mat viee hay hi ad'
Trong nliieu cimg ty vies: ndy C nghirt- hikhait trt1 nthi gid lOdng cho mot 15 phtit tree.'
2) Kitting de1cho cac LAI ttf ca'nhan xen Ian va-o ceingviec. Trong gi( k1U vice phai tranh di chuyeil lañicac viec ca nhan.
3 Khi et') nghi ngd; n&n dat cdu 1ii Ilan ladthi diein kieit thde giOt han trong mot s6' Iahhvac nhat dinh.
5 450
4) LAY sang kieh de'hcc h6i va (Rim n tn cdc congtdc va trdch nhiem
5) Nen than thien yap nhien nhtIng khOng phi vithe' ma Ic31 dung tinh cdch dii m8 dia rn6i tradngIam viec.
Chtirig t(') nang va cha'm viec sduck tontrong vã thudrig cid& thadeig.
b. Thcing tiêi nghil nghi(p
Fitidrig len !du dóng, không ngdrig thang tier; trong ditvi lain viec hI 'mit truyat,thOng valig,m4nh trong 41-ri minhlloa K)7. Tang tiefi tri viec cua minh c6 the' dale hienhang cdch lam qua ca'c rvch tr4t khdc,nhau trong ding nOtloai viec chuya vi tri ngy qua tri khAc ciing trong môt
..?hrang; doi hang hat doi lanh vac lain,viec, hay Ice 'd man diul tinh na-y déri tinh..khdc, hay td tieu hang nay sang tiellbang khdc. Tuy nnien du'rig hd mt viec trtlew khi bdo damco viec khac.
Thang den Id ket' qud cu'a viec tag kei cdc thdnh tiChcu'a nhan vien nhi ki miit ph7fn ctia cong viec thtidrig Iê dainhgid tieri trirsih latn viec tdi nhi&I ding ty. Cdc,tórig ket naythdOfig quyet dinh xem Ithing cult nhan vien se dthic tang haynhan vien se`difdc giao cho mOt vic Cdt hon.
yiec tha.ctg titTh curng cd theexSy ra khi mOt cit,nnn doivi tn lañi viec trong môt hang. Cac Ca nhan athe can thyhmln them de'dd cach cho viec tluing Cdc cd hqi dithu hul'n dt16.c thily trorris nhi ding deiyig dMy : Cac cd h6idi thy_hudn khbng nhqng chi cd cho ngni ti ndn, ma h5t cd/
nao ding co' the hadng duk3c. (Xem Chut3ng ye-Giao dt!c Cho ngddi loh).
c. Ray (thi c6ng vijc
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Hoa K, dOi cOng viec 1 mE;it phddng tien &dilacao vi viec len hay tien thit sd nghiep rnqt dia Cothe'trdng ddi, va dddc phep. Nhan cu'a MY-0c biet d'tinh cach hiu dOng td-viec nay sang viec khác, vd td-chtindyqua chffkhc. Nhd 1 allot ke mdi nh"dp vab nInin ltic Hoa
ban ,phi and de'tieft len via thien vi viec, banse rai co the'qua nhieu viec tai nhiert col-1g ty trilbc khi ondinh cong a1h viéc ISm.
Neil ban muOn nang cao vi tri lam viec barig dch thaychu Ic;an phti rth/ rthig mcit I)/ li.ch viec tot d'My
quan trong cho viec tifri cdc viec tM hOn. Nhd vay, diéüqt,tan trong Ia tao,ra ntôt 1 Iich him vie'c toi harig cach chaftgto Id cO nAng xuat, dung gid vd hdng cach toan hab trongviec thi hanh nhiern.vu. Cung rat quan trong la-la-mocOngviec dati,cu'a ban tn9t thdi gian hap IY tit 3 den 6 thang ngo,hdta thiet lap dtkk môt viec tM Va. cci dtiqc Iôigain toi. Nen nhdrng thdi gian t nhaf de'tiffi viec mdichit'th Id ltic ban dang larn viec.
" A /MOt nhan vien vdi mot ly hch lam vice tot co the xm
nit thdgidf thieu khi d triiih ddn ighiviEc. Day,la mot ,hitdm' gian trong th; ngdói chu mtNin dna cac ddc tirih tôtma nhan,vien da-chthig to khi Lni viec cho De'có mbtla thti gidi thieu tbt ban phdi suy yghi ve'-nhu cad ctia chtirntAin. Tnkk khi,chuye'n,sang mot viec mOi, ban phili nhd'ba'o cho chtl mi)On it' nhat la 2 tuftri Irtrikk. bao_tri.16c
, , > .-nay,se cho ehep chu mu'dn thoi gian de tim ra ngadi thaydonkcht'i mddri ngthi My'-kheing,quan niçm viec
ddi viec hiiii vi thdng,tien kinh te hay eh& vi hi thieu trungtkinh. Tuy nhien chu mtidn trOng di nhiin dadc thông hab
khi nluin vie7n xin thai via.
hOng ba(' trt?dc' vav c(; the 'la- n tiuit die kiT ) en cu'avrec vd kn(ing kin trong the'du'a ke^i qua Id- mattien tra cho cong viec thr
52
B. Ka luan
vdi nhieti ngtlOi ti nan, cn n viec laTn kI chiakhoa cho sü thiCh nghi thanh cOng va tai diph cu' cua ho d)Hcip Ching Qu Oc Hoa Ky. Cong viec dal den giu'p pgd,di tinan chip Ling cac nhu cau tai chanh, va sau co the'thin tdi czicvidc dildc tr nhreii den hdn, khieri cho tirIh trang tai chainhdddc ari toan hdn. Them vao viec hoc h6i cac tap tuc
p_ 4 "viec tai My, ngdbi ti nan se thay rang congyiec cothe tao COdephat trin Anh, ngfilua dói thoai vdi ngtidi MTva" hoc
hoi ve-tap tuc van hoa n6i chung.
CC cd quan thien nguyen, ngddi bao trd, ban be; h9hang yd. cl.Cc chdOng trirTh daC Net tirn viec cd theigitip cacngdói ti nan kieTh viCc sau khi ho de*ii M. Khi mi c6ng viecdthi tien c6 the'chi d'caP khdi dad nhdng viec khongchuyenr_mon, thi dieu quan trqng la cc; tien ayvd. gid no trong rnt thdi gia3 hriu taom9t lyviec dang tin city. C6 the'doi cong viec va du'a len cao vktrlltirn %/ICC sau ray. Trong triking k, kM nano thich nghi vdindi lasm viec d N4)7- se la-mot trong,nheing yeu t6 quan tr9ngnhatAh hddng den aui-nh cong t6i 1.14u vfi h4nh phuc cua
ti nan tai Hdp chung quo Hoa 1<)-.
53
CHIJCING III
LdI TliC V/ CHI TIL'U
A. Din nhap
Mui sa'rn, ngan hang va trang trdi,dc nhu can binnfai nha d, thdc, thay ddi td-nddc nay...sang nddé khac.Chi phi'sinh song d MY/ thddng cao, va ngddi ti pan makhOng than trong ve'ngan sch, tiet k4m, va xd dung the tindung cO the'bi rdi vao tinh trang khd khan sietai chaith.
Chddng nay chda ddng cUc thông tin ye tap tuc taichanh tai Hoa KY, gbin ngan sach, mua sain va dich vu ngfinhang.
1. L4P NGAN SACH 1/Cil LOI TL/C CdA BAN
Khi sOrig dda vdo mbt ldi tdc" gidi han 6 MY, thisdiellthiet yeU la phdi lap ngan sich vdi sCtieh clia ban.Ngan skich la dd dinh him sao can bang Idi tuV vdi chi tieu.13.1 dinh khbng tieu qua a kieTh &Ric; va chi phrtrtIde tiencho cdc muc ma ban cri nhu cu. Ngan such hang thangHoa K ctia ban cd the'gbin cac muc ma ban fill cdthekhông tinh deli tnla day.
a. Nhdfig khokin chi ,nh'at dinh. Trong loai chi phi"ceidinh" lap cac sb' tieri phai tra, rgt cd the'trencan ban hang thang incit ban se phai xet den:
1/ Tien thue nhd. Day rai c6 the'se Ia sO'tra ce)dinh cao nhat hang thkin4, va la muc dáü tienma ban phai lam ngan sach. chap la bancd 14 hay klrbn mdt khe'thic thue, tieh thuênha cua ban van phdi tra theo dung kY han.NêI tieri thue nha khOng tr.& hokic thddrig tra
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muOn, ban cO the'bi duOi. Ldi ttic' pia banâh dinh ndi nal() ban al thecho phep mirih d.)
2/ Tien ih. Tien ic'h gbfn các dich vq nhd dien,ga, ndeIC cho nha cua ban; thinh thoingchiing dtidc bao gbin trong tiñ thue nh cuaban. Thddrig thddng ban se7chiutrdch nhiemda-n xeP cc tien vdi ngtIói cungViec trd cdc tien ich rid), sEthlic hiendddi hirlh tilde hda ddn tha'ng. Hodddn se-thddfig cha Ong c6.c mtx nhaTen ho va-dia chi'cda ngni tieu dung, s6chddri4 mty, thagian tirih tiérT, gia cud dichvu (ke a thuej vi han,phdi tth Hdaddri hSng th!img c6 the trA qua thp tiri, hoacdich than tra. Hirih thdc tra, the nab curig
id0c, died quan tr9ng 1S phai trd cluing Ilan.Neu khong tra citing han, thi co theco khodnphat hay dich vu co the'bi. gizin doan.
3/ Thtic phah Khi pan ch9n thtic Oak su'phong phu co,the,lam ban cho,ang yang. Tuynhien ban phai tranh mua "hoc ang". Ban,phai mua,cac, phafn cd rcthieu dinh dddng,khóng dat, vdi,kh6i Itrthig se k,eo dai ed,nhingay. Ban phai so,sanh cac san pham co baohi liking tti dekie'm soat,xern nhlin Heu mtocung cdfi dthk vdi curig111i:A gidBan phai kieth soat nga-v het han ctia mot ,san pham. Ca'c thdc phâi mua sau khiqu ahail killing cdn dthic bao daln ve-sti td6i
4/ ChuyeA van. Ban phd'i tiich toa'n khi xu"dung chuyjn chd cOng ccing de di den nOilam viec va- trd ve hang n$,a-y. :Fht-ithlg ccthe,mua thz(ng se cho phep su'dking khonggidi hz.m caC chuyen di trong mot hj thofigchuyrm chd mist) do.
55
5/ Ba'o hidn. chting khOng_the'tra chi phi'dat de, Vey tChay thay d taisan. Khi ban mua bao hian, ban tra mot s6tieit nao cid cho rnôt cOng ty bdo hién td;De'dot 14i, cong q.bab hiem ba'o ddm tracho ban mck khoan tiêii dddc thoh thu'antru'd6'neU nhd mt sd kien Wait hanh não )(Syden cho ban hay trolig tfia-nh vien cu'a giadinh ban. C6 nhieii loai bab hier'n ma banphgi xevt den:
7Bao hiem Ric khoe bao chi phi na.rn nha.thddng vâ vii tn 1iu rria ban dlidc Wag.cd vai khe'ukiC ba'o ckthebao cdc chi phinhd thd kim cho bdc si thenpiern.L(N4i bSo hiefn nay,thddng dddc tra mOt phanbdi'chti,mdM. Vdi chi phi/cao cda chain so/cy t bao hiéfn stfC khde 1 can thret.
Ba'o hier;-txe hdi ma ban phi mua khimot chieC xe. Da soicaC Weil bang coi Ia blithdp le khi xe ma khtmg c6 bab hie&Neil ban hi tai nan vS khOng CO bdo hidn,ban c6 th6;bi, tra tat ci cac thiet hal. Diednaji cd the len den ca chuc ngan MT-kim. Conhieu loai bzio hian xe hdi. Vai loai co the'tra chi phi nha ththIng v bac st cho nhthigngiiói hi,thdOng trong tai nan xe hdi. Banphai mat rne.)t so thOi gian uc tim ra nhilngloai bao hiem xe hOi khdc nhau.
. /Bao hiein tdi san giup tra cho czt/c tdi sa'nrrid, t rmit vi'hoh hoan, trom cab hay tai nannSo khik.
Bdo hiem nhiin th9 cung ciii) an ninh tIichthih cho thfinh vk.'n Cui gia dinh ngthikiêni tien cho gia difth, nêii nillf ngthii iychei.
56
6. Dien tho4i. Dich vu ny cd titih cdch nhiem Y;
tuy nhien mOt khi ban ad.ung dich vi dien thoai,bn si phkli chip trach nhiem tri tieri harig thang.Nhd cc tien khLic, vi"O thanh tan se IS hinhthdc tr hoâ don 'ling thdng v phai tr thing Ilanky*:
I AA A
Sau dinh cac chi lieu co dinh, ban pht.ti xet den:
b. Nhthig chi tieu bai thdag
1. De' da-nhy te'vd` rang md khóng ddOc b:to hign
3. Quail ao4. Dó-dac v dO-gia dqng5. Cdc muc khdc (nhu c \id sci thiCh
MUA sAt CAC' AidN AN DJAIG
tra
Mua sn uti M cung titig rd nhiêii cö hi. Sd phongphu khac biçt c6a san phiim cdc loai lam cho s chyn Itfa lucthin kha khO khan; Tdt c;; cac ngdOi mói den My co nhieilnhu Cab,. Ban phai lap thi tren vi diéu chifth Och mua cho;Th khdp. Ban se' chi tieu cho cac nhu cal thiet yêi nhd thdcphMn, v4t gia dung, r61 ban se"co nhdng chi nett ngan hannhd quihi ao, va chi tie1 han nth] db-ditc, mdy truyeiihinh hoac xe hdi. De'mua tie:t kiem, ban pluii dieu tra,cac muc rao vat tren hdo, cac tiem ban ha gidyd tiem do cu,va-cac chit ban ha giA tai cdc tiem thcing ththing. Ngt/di ho
cd quan thien nguyen hay ban hJ cula ban sc.F có kha niing(Alvan ban.
a. Cac ngw5ii tin tdc' tij.niva mitn
1. Bdo chi,la ngtiCni tin ttic/ ad- tie'n cho nstidi tieu
thu khOn ngoan. CO 3 n6i tren ba'o chi cung cap
57
tin td hun icli cho viec mua va bdn sari phainhoa:c dich vu.
Myc Oung cao 1á qudng cab thOng thddiig xtathign tren bab. Th Ong thddfig cdc qudng cdo nayliet Ice cdc plOnhay dich vu cdng vi gid tien.NeU có hy gid dôi vdi sdn pharn da:c biet nab, th:'nO 614 la7m nOi 14t len.
- ,ca,Phu trang cac td quang o rieng bie:t dddc
pI4t di curig v8i bio. Cae phu trang/nay thddiigdtldc in de' th6ng bao_cudc dyi hy gia tqi cdc sieuthi keo dái trong thdi gian.
Muc Rao vat cung Ling rnOtmuc luc rdng ran dichvy cting nhd sdn phafn mdi Day ld mucrieng biet thdOng thay d trang cuOi cad bao.Trong khi cdc,quang cdo thOng thd4iig vä cac phytrang qudng cao thtidng dddc tra bdi cac hangkinh doanh idfi, muc rao v4t kheing phai,tru'drighdp náy. Myc rao vat dddc dda len bdi cdc cdnhan cd mdt di.ch vu da-c bret ho'ac mdt mcin dO-ma ho tirri cdch bdn, thue hoic thddngMuc rao va't diéi hinh dddc chia ra tdrig loai cvau(wed the'gbin nhdrig myc nhd Nha ban, Xe dapbdn, Stic va.t ba'n, do-die:n bdn.
Mua sain,can cd ydb bdo cd kM drein rieng biet 1Ic dthe'so sanh gia ca gida cdc sdn pham tddng tu de'xdc dinhndi,ndo mua sdrn se- tiet kiem nhat. N6 loyi ra tru'Ong hdpphai mat thdi gian va chi phi thd-m viag nhie5 tiem.
2. Mua hang thd theo ca-ta-I6 l nharig hdn liet kenhied sdn phlim tieu thu. Co the'chi'cd vai trang
cd tiiih cdch r chuyen mon nhd ca-ta-lo yehat &iMig hoa, hay co' the'ddY maY, tra-rn,trang vachu'a thing du moi sdn phn tieu thy co the'ttidngtddng ddbc. CO the'cac ca-tald ddeic biet nhiêünhat ve loyi sau r hi Seacs, Roebuck and Co.
.58 G2
Catalog, Montgomery Ward Catalog va SpiegelCatalog.
vdi moi sa'n phgn, cc; mOt hit-1h chup cu-ngv6i caic chi tie't lien he kiCh thak, mdu, nguyen lieu, hao biva van vum 7 moi dieg cari cho myc ddt hang.Cung co sji caAa-16 rai (pan trong trong viec xde dinh nidndô nao de d4t mua. Tuy nhien ban ph'ai dOi it lau trddc'khidat mua hang,theo thus de'han hodn toa'n (pen thdtuc va hieY tat cd cdc dieu kier lien quan defi dat mua bafigthus tin.
3. Nhihrig Trang mdu wing ciia cueTh dien thoai Mengiam,ld myt nguiili tin tot cho viec mua sd"in.Nhdrig trang nay liet ke cuja hang vii san ph marn a,. ,..ngthil ta ban. Chung cung liet ke di'l loai dich vusu'a clura- cd dth)c trong dia phdOng.
b. Mua sciin it' ti;i1 ke'm
1. Ban ha gid Cdc szin phini lxin ha gid la'cdc sdnpham du"dc diph gia thab hdn thong thilOfig. Cdcsdn nay clack quang cdo trthici Nhieutiem hic nao,ding co vdi san phafri hdn ha gialTuy nhien cac sdn phgn dilOc chon de'ban hp gidvd thggian bdn ha gia cc; the' thay doi. Thinhthoang cac sdn piiii dadc liet ke ban ha giddd- hj
"bain mat" tr0Oc khi ban tiem. Trongtradfig hOp dci ban cci the mOt "Raincheck."Raincheck la mOt thm giay ghi sai phain nab ba'nha gid va gia dthic ha. Died nay cho phe'p ban
,
mua san phiVfi thco gia ha khi tiem niian dildc 10hang bi)'tuc dii cho ring thcii gian bail ha gid dahet khi hang tOi.
,
2. Coupons (phieu). Thitih thoang cci the 14 da0cphieu (coupons) cho phep ban mua vai san ph.ar'nvot gia ha. Thong thdOfig phiè Y coupons duck tifri
59
f;3
7 I 7
th4 trong bdo, tren cdc bao bi cua cac san phainrnua track, hay chdng deit cting vai thti tiui rnd"không ai yêu cab cd. NêL bdri chon mua rnOt sanphdrn, ban huOc phdi trinh ra phieU coupon chongd6i thAu ngdn Idc mua hd-ng. Nhieucoupons cd ghingdy het hdn: chUng khOng con giatn ndà sau thdi gian ari dinh.
C. Mua sd'in ddu
loai cti:t tiem vI chO"khdc nhau MY vá cacloai sdn phain vd .dich vy cung tirig cling thay doi r;:it nhieutuy the() 14. I)doi ay ki vdi lodi thong dung de'deh ddrnua saM:
1. Sieu thi: Siey thi ndi thong thadrig nhdi de'rnua thtic phdr'n. Situ thi ra't ldh, cdc hzingtô uin hdn moi 1odi thqc phalli. Ho cting bin sdnphâhi gidt myr phdin, sa"ch hab, (pan Io, vd.do-gia dyng, vd thuOc khóng an toa bic si.
2. Dai hdch holt (Department Stores): Ddi bdch holt(department.,stores) ph:U-1 nhieu hdng thfy_ctiadem hdn quan ao, (16-,ddc, dung cu dien, do sat,gidS, va nhieit sdn pharn khac.
3. Tiem thIct; (1;hrift Shops): Tiem dCcii bdn dCidd thing roi vdi gid phdi chdrig. Ngudi M khôngcdm th4 ngthing ngling khi rnua qua ao vd (.16--ddc da thing r6i trong cdc tiem dYcii Cdc tiemdo-cti thdOi-tg thick dia khié ho'h cdc to duce nithien.
4. Chd Vticiii (Farmer's Market): dvi-ti dia phthingHoa K9 cdc trang chit 1en tih va-o mOt nga-y
, ,
trong tuait de ban trai cdy rat., vd hoa. Giacc; the'khOng thai) hdri, nhteng phdr'n chdi cao hdnhi d sieu thi.
60 f; 4
5. Tieru cat cac sac dam Tai tinh co cac hemcà stiC thin bdn thdc ph'a'm cu'a cdc miefi khdcnhau tren
d. Cdch trd tiéti
chgn dung mo'n hing hi NW' dâü, thitri tia Iabddkê'tik., Nfidc câ khang thong,dung d'cdc tiem. Ngt16ita m4c ca doi vdi cac mOn hang dat gid chang han nhd xehdi v nhd curig_nhti ckk món hking tai chd,vddfi (farmer'smarket), chd troi hay trdc tieP td-ngddisd hdu.
Hitih thdc' trd tiêi gia'n di nhili là baiig tieti mt. Tuynhien khi khóng tien \id thieit an ninh khi mang theo,, ,cac so tien mat Idn. Chinh viI y do d, nhieit ngtldi u'adung chi phieit và thes tilt dung. Chi phieU dtidc ch nlianbdi'phdti citing cda hang, nhtin& ca nhan thddrig thick yeti auxudi trifih hai the ft-1y than. Vi ban kh6ng bao gid nen gdi'tieti m4t bdrig thu uI,chi phieit, hay lenh phieu 1 dich, ba'odam nh'ai de'trd qua thd tin. Lenh phieit co the'mua d Nganhdlig hay bdu dien, bui)c phdi rnua mt so' tifi dtio'c dinh ro.IVV?t le' phrse-dddc tinh cdn cd vdo sô'tieri ghi trong le:nhphi. The tiri dung cho phep mua hdrig chiu; tuy nhien seco le' phrcho viec trd tien rmit phâti, hay cho thdi gian trialhurl khieti cho viec mua btifig mthe tin dung ddt hOn li hdrigtrd tien mat hay bdtig chi phieit.
e. tnua hd-ng vdgay' hi2tz nhan
Ngti'61. tieu thu trong da s6'tieti bang trd thueibdn cirtg.A..) 4. AO
vol cua san pham. So thue ban tuy thuVc vao gia cua sanphdm. Khi tra den., ban se nhi:in thick bien lai btfn. Viec giu''lai phieu bdn hay hien lai kI tdp ttc quart tr9ng ctia ngthirtieu thu. Ddy hi nhting bg cd cda viec mutt; trong trUnghyp, ban mueth a hay trii Iai hang, ban cti the yeu canthixuat trinh hien lai.
61
f. Bdo ddm mon hang
Viec 1:&:, dam mOn hing bac, v ngddi tieu thu chiing. cac san pham hdrIuing. Bab ddrn bthig clurvietshi rO
trich nhiern va nghia vu cu'a ngadi mua va,ngildi ban trongtru'dfig hdp s61 phain bi hay trd Wen hd hong. Di,65 nay cO
thiCh xem sdn plat se chick thay iastia ch hay,tr tién lai net' nInf cd khan nay. No cd-ng dn,dinh trlOt gióihp ma-sou dO bdo khOng cOn hieu 1qc !ilia. 'Minhthang bac? dOi h6i ngdbi mua g1i bang thd tin mit theding 14 tdi cong ty tri.tdC khi bdo dam c6 higu
g. Trd lai hang dci mua
5
Mot, ttem cd mO't chinh sa, ch tra lai hang. Banquen vOi no. GiLica"c Nen lai ban trong trildng hdp ban cOthe'cari de' tra mOn hang.
Néii ngddi tieu thu_cd van de`khd khan, ho CO thCgoilai cd quan hab ye nglidi tieu thy. Cac to,chde na-y cd the'can thiep nhan danh ngai tieu thu hay cb vah hoa-c giup ddngai tieu thu.
h. Mua tnick trd sau
Mua bdfig tin dung co nghia la- mua vi den adctrasau nay; "mua hay sau." nhred Cie xd'dung tin dung. Tin dung cho phep Nth lay ck mdn king vaxtrdung Chung trong khi d chda phai trd tieti ngay. khitao dack tiet kiem bAtig ckh rnua sSn phai7n bay gid-kin Iasau nay khi gia cd the' tAg len. Nhangsü-rig co nguy hitrong viec adung tin dung. Ban cd the' bi Ioi cuoh rmia quanhi6C1, do dd rang hud,c Ii tdd tddng lai dia han %tab viecmua chiu. CuTlg cd nil ro hi mon hang hi truaikhông,thanh toan du'dc hay khemg thanh wan nhanh. Themva() do mcin hang se dat hem gia nguyeTri thu'y vi ban phai tra
62f3 6
tieri lai tren s6;tieti mua chiu. Tuy nhien,da s'O'ngadita se-cab xedung tin dking d'emua dc mon ldn nha hay xehdi. Thiet 1p tii diTg 1 mOt bddc quan trong cho da sO giadinh va c nhSn. du'dc titi dung 1ñ dâii demua sain1drihay vay tieri khd. Colthe'dé hdn nett 14 tindung cho cdc viec mua sam nhci nhdng du sao di ndi; dOi khivan call thiet co;uy tin tOt track khi dddc caf) tiri dung. Dodo' ban phli khdi si ra sao? CO mOt chddng muc tiet kiemvdchddng muc chi phied ma không lam chi la- mdt cdch totde tao uy hoa ddn citing hen curig rat quan trong.R61'se'khônglch6 khan acc; chddng muc tin dung hay thetiri dung a vdi Dai bdch hoa dia phddng.
Trong pham vi gia diiih cii hai ngiiOi phAol ngn nenthiet kip,.tiri" dung de' neti cd ly hon hay mOt ngddi chet, moingddf phoi ngau da co san mot thanh tich tin dung.
Thdnh tiCh hay cap' dO tiit dung la gi.? ryludri c6 m6t) :
cap do tin dung toi, nguIdi ta phal co mot qua tririh thanhtoan tieri mua chiu va tieri nci mot caCh nhanh CdAhang hay cor.g ty,inuon hiet cab tin dung cd'a mOt Ca nhanse tham khzio vdi van phOng tin dung dia phildng.
,phong tin dun4 kin gid ho cua mot,ca nhdn ve-cdc chuyennhddng chanh hiclm tai vti qua khd cung nhu:cac dkién
ca nhan vd gia dinh. Nhting ca nluin co thtS'ISy m6tban sao cap do till dung cua ho tai cdc vith pining do, va coal& thtich thtic cap di) tiri dyng rfeii nhti ho nghi rztlig difcIstt sai larm Vñi mot sO'the tin dung, VICC thanh todn phai.toan vao cuoi chu ky, trafighia kicac khotin rinki stirii Ionkhimg ddic phan ra vdi thdi gian thtinh cac khoIn thanhtoaft nho. Culig quail trong de'glii nlin Id cdc ciing tv tht.;tin dyng tinh suat cao an 21%. (.'n phai doc k,' tat cacat: khod'n tho,a thulin v&- till dung tnW xtrdung the'
.. ,un dung. N6u mot the tin dung hi mat hay hi danh cap, dieugum trong Ia phii trinh ban cho cdti hang hay cOng tv laptnk I ri nil hat) kip tac/sti thal lac git han trach nhijotngtloi co the tin dung dm voi viec xti dung hat hop lc.
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3. CA'C DICH Vy NGAN HANG
. .-Ngthil My du'a vSo dich vy cung cab hdi ngan hdng den
mdt pham vi ldn. Day la ket qua cult nhieü loal dich vu tienIdi md- ngan hang cung drig cho cd nhanyd to chac. Cacdich vu thông thadng cu'a Ngan ha-ng
a. TniOng mix dung chi phii;i4
Trthing muc dting chi ,phiL 1i dich vu ngAn hang thddtigthing nhà. Ban se rat cc; the'cd mOt trtidng muc chi phialgar) day sau khi ban khdi di ISm viec. Da sb'ngddi ta tra'nhmang theo nhied tieh,rnat vi cac IY do an ninh cd the'thing ca'c chi phieu ca nhan nhu' IS mOt phtfo'ng ca'ch tra cdcsari phan'l vd dich vy hang ngay. Khi tnôt chaong muc dtlOcmd: ngtf6i khach hang dddc phep trong tracing mucva rat ra m6i khi can. Than chu ngan hang (la& dtP cac chiphieb can dthic dien,va-o va >al dung nhn' De'md'mO.ttrth)ng muc chi phieu, ban phai tdi n.:dn hang dê laTh cac thutuc c5h,thiel nhd Ia dieri the chdkji, Viec chqn Ida ngünhaitg cua ban cd the'ca'n cLf va`o loai dich vu md- ng5n hang
, , .ay cung litig hay ban co the chon vi su hen 191 cua dia diemhay gidirld'ctra. Ngtlici ph(ii ngaii Co the'md'rait trthing mucchung; nhd vay al cting co the ky chi phicu.
Cac ngdOl trthing myc chi ph,ieil,plui,lant quenvClibOh hirlh thtic thu tuc cdn ban: Phieu gal tien, Chi phieu,Cuong cuon chi phieu va ket twin hdng thng.
1. Phiu gt'Ci tiCli. Khi han cd,mOt trtiang muc, banco the chongtSi den ao do mOt cach d&i 4n.Phieu gdi tiei thadng cci ghi ten ban (hod-c ten
. _Crcua hal ngudi phoi ngau cho tracing muc chung)va so trddng rnuc,.pay mOt chtlrhan co the'diefikien do'. Phieii gdi tien dadc adyng nha td tOligcong net) phd co nhieil chi phieu cting nhd tienrm)rt de' gdi cting min luc. Ban dieft vab phieu yfcang vdi tien, dda cho thd ky'ngan hahg, ngtioinay se giao cho han min hien lai. Ca, c phicu gdi
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tien clUqc giao lac md'tnfdng muc; ban ,co" the 'yeticad thd ngan hng cung cfii) them cac phiéUnay.
2. Chi phiell. Chi phiki childdcic dien \id k hth cdnhan cd ten trong trddng muc De'diefimht chi phieii b4n phdi gn cac chi tiet sau:
1) Ngiy, thdng, ram2) Ten cua dinh chei hay ca nhan ma deli dddc
trcho.3) SO'tien viei hang s6.'nh8 la- $10.00, $35.50
gd cd dollars vd cents.4) So tieri viei bArig clidnhil 'Ten dollars and
no/100," 'Thirty-five dollars and 50/100".5) Chin; cuh b4n.
Chi phieY tralg dddc giao cho b4n vdo Idc m(it trddngmuc dthic md'vd-cdc chi phieU in ten se-cladc go'z3i dal il ldusau, thdag phdi trd mOt sô'thii kim nho. shi phintang pluli Te'n hy, dia chi; so'chi phieu, sh trddng myc
.AratIlldng muc.. Ban phdi nhin vao moi chi, phieude' bao da'm rang cdc chi nei Ching. Neu mc5t chi phieu bimai, nen hang phdi dthk thong bah lap tuCde'tranh vie:c trhdeli- doi voi chi phieu do.
3. Cu(3rig, chi phieU hay IN;ng ghi nh4n. Val) th6imo.t chi phieU difqc vief, ban phki ghi yd.°
bang ghi nhdn ngay, ten neibi duiic tra, v si)" nen.Bang ghi nhdn phai chd(i ddng,sö'tiefi hien aintrong tru'dng muc cda ban. ,SO c6n lai la "dn cdn"tiic cdn lai co the xu''dung dd0c.
4. Bdii Ke'i_todn. rvythdr n, ngan halig thnggoiden, moi thdn chu nix ban ket toan ghi ca tierigdi vd nen- ra trong trthing muc trong nIZ?t thOigian nhfit dinh, vd mol khok le' phi khaUngkin hang trong thdng. MOt so" ngan king tinh
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di than chti le phi dich vu hang thang. Wit so'ngan hang khac tinh mdt sbiti;en nha Ve-moi chiphieti chuyen nhddng. DOI vOi nit sosingfin hangkhac ndE, 119 dp dung sd phô hcip cda cac phddngphap nay. Mcm so' raf rt khdng titih tien le ti'nao. DO phddng phap não di na-clu'dc xd dung,thr cdnA thick phan dnh trén tO ket toa'n. Ban cóthexd dung ban kel toan hang thang de'kiefn sodtngddc lai cubit cudrig chi phiefi cuh chinh ban haybah ghi nhan,de'bdo dm ngan hang kheing lamsal 1im. Cuôi ceUng cas chi phieli huY ba tdC la,cac chi phieu da tr roi dddc gdt lai cting vdi banket,toan hang thang va tra thinh cac Wen nhanchinh th8e cda cac chi tieu trdOC day.
,Nhieti nglin hang dang de-nghi tra tien ldi cho cactnidnginuc chi phial nhdng can can tot thig dOihdi kha cao. Thdi gian tri 141 sual thay dbi. Khimôt suat nhti v4y cong vio,trAng muc, thi cdncan dddc ghi nh4n vad ba'n ket toan hang thang.
Viel mOt chi phieU cci tien hdn sb1,tien goitrons trddng muc gUi hi "rUt tien qua mdc" va conhang h4u quit trafn trong. TrUdng muc,cda canhan bi doing hay caP d tin dung co the bi lienluy. Co' the'cd kha nang tiiitung va tieri phat hay
neti nhU trddng muc bi ruit qua lam. Tuy,nhien tht al co thV tranh d30c nefi nhd ban comUt tracing muc co da-c guy&
b. Tnlông muc.
, ,Md mdt trthing muc tiet kiem khimg kho. Tat ca sd ddi
hdi Ia sdithe'an sinh xa hi vã trick sbitieh. Cac,loai tnidngmuc nay diidc de ra yeti ia cre'l,u'rtien tichsuat.
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Vi trdOng myc tiei kiêm dyng "Passbook" kr CLAM si7tiet kie:m trong do ghi tieh gdi; xuat cid&ra, k phr(neil cci). SOThei kiem thOdn-k di.Idc nrgdOi Cotrcidng jnuc gid, nhLing buOc phdi mang den Ngan hang moikhi gdi deft hoc rut ra.
Ngan hang On:icing mai hI ni duy nhai rn7a,ngdcli ta cc;the Hag lOi tren tiL gOi. Cac dinh che tiet,kiem va-chovay, nghiep dodn vd lien hie7p ti r dung las mOt so not khdc macac ca nh5n c(C the gdi ti.e`n ti'et kiern CthL ho.
C. Vay t ic;11
Ngan hang ki ca'c nOi,duy.nhat,md ban ccthe'vay. Tuynhien ng5n,hzin cho vay lai suat hcip ly. Bdi ly do dOban nen den tham ngdn hang nL ban cdfi vay Yen.
Vdi nhiL ca nhan vcid mdi di.oh cd_trong ccingco thCkhO de co m(it khoan vav nhci quen ,ngc16indo dildc coi "tot ya rortin dung" sail sang ky' bao lanhthin xin vay. NgdOi ky bao lanh cam doan yong triNin& hOpngddi vay tien khOng tr:c dcldc, thi ngdoi bao lanh ser tra.
Ai dudc col nhil Ia t6i ye rui ro tin dyng? Phan- angngd'n hang se e-ndi nit ngai co' loi t ii vung vahg, co' niqtrciong muc wi qud tritih tr hod dOn 6 Yen vay dcIngskji hanIa m-ot nvddi ro tin dung toi. Day la loai. , ,ng,an hang ua cho mildn va ch5p nhan cho ky lanhke khac.
(1. I /op gm do (man tryng
To sat an toan (safety Deposit boxes) la cac noi an to5ngit?'-ca'c gidY td-quan trong hoSc cae do vat. (7.c tu stti
an tod-n ld-cac h6c co khoa thick cung thig difdi nhieti kiCh_thcick va-dddc di tai da sô'ngan hd-ng de cho nhd4 ngtioimuOn gid'an tohn cho nhcing vat qui gia. Vdi nglan hang
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cung ting cac an tod-n nhd hi mdt phan cua cj.c dich viithOng thtiOng ctia ho cho nhdrig ngddi co' chbring muc taingan hing. Tuy nhien da sp'ngiin hang tinh mOt scYthil kimnhe) de thick xd'dung cac tu sal an toan.
B. Kei lua:n
Nhdrig t4p,tuc ti chanh tai Hoa K cc') the'rai phlICtap, nhting ngiMi ti nn Can phai tq Nab ye mirth bag ca'chadung 6c tin tdc trong nay/Nil ca'c ngua tin khacclqng, han nhd ngim hang vti hao chi. 13Cii vingtidi ti pan co'the co ca'c nguOii Cai chanh gidi han trong thOi gian cac,ramdtI tai M ne'n di& (pan tron 1a lzdn sao adung tOt nhltso tia ma hc? cd. Lim ngfin,sach dill th4n, mua sran cd so
xti'dung thial 110 tin dung wi" dich vu nean hii-ng Lanhthig died hdu ich.
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CHI/ONG IV
GIAO DIJC TAI HOA Ki
A. Din nh4p
Dinh che'gdo duc tai Hoa IKy7 phkt inh nhtifig gia trican b4n, d'ac biet la lY Wag binh dg ve-cci hOi. Giao dticden vdi moi ngadi d'N4i; không phan biet tuOi tic, chang tt?c,gô'c saic clan, hay giai cal) xi hOi.
.....
Luat butx cic hoc sinhiphai khCli cla-u Lii hoc lu'c 6 tuotva hoc tai,trang den 15 tat. ,Tuysnhien, dä sO hoc sinh,hoinsat it nhaf 12 n'am hoc d tnidng, ket thtic vao khoang17 tuoi.
Tnidng_daith cho hoc sinh dub* chi& chia ra "tradngTia hoc (td 6 den 11 wet)" va "tracing Trung hoc (tti 12 den17 tuOi).", Cic hoc sinh nay hoc hei trung hoc cladc caP mckchting chi tOi nghie-p trung hoc.
Bijit dZisau day chi'sq phan chia 12 rain gido chic chohoc sinh. Con ban cd the'dén hoc cac tradrig khac nhau
%. ../ , , .cung trong cOng clOng tdy theo tuol chung va cach cong dagphin chia 12 nam giab du.c.
.Cc ngdditha-nh nie otn (18 tu va ldn hdn) cung co3 cdh'Oi di hoc. Di 1i'm v di hqc thdak dddc thdcrOt hic. Vis-hoc,phi'sau chic trung hoc co the tit dat, cic cO14i hoc nth bu6i va- him nalt buiri chi& thuh:n tien. Sau clay
mOt aide ba-n1uin ngiih ve-cdc ca hOi ve`gido du.c vas trLhnhiem kern" theo:
1. GlAb DLIC EM
a. Cdc loqi tradtig
1) Trddrig cng. Tai c dc tre' em co' the.' di hoc 12nap t4i tni'dng cong. ,Vai trddrig cong cdn/cungung ntim mau giao Matigiao di trtidc ldp 1.Tnidrig c5ng dthic di tho bdi cc ngddi so"rigtrong c'mg (lag, thddng 1S qua thutdia, phthing.Tifl thu ddc3c qua thue' ddat qua'n tri Hoi(lag Qthin cu'a rnace)ng ddfig. Cdc h6i viEnctia Hi dag Trildrig Ude chon ra bdi cc cong,dan trong cong dOrig dy. Bi vi mOi ding dan cothe'tham dJ \tab he thOitg giao duc dia phtIdngha`ng cach dV, nen dddc goi h neft giao duc cOng.
,
Tat ca trt?drig cOng,,dMj7de- cung,ting, cac haigiang tr9ng mOt s6 lanh vdc din han cua Giaodcic. Cac bai gidng thtlemg ha9 grn doc vd viet,toan, lq.va the gidi, khoahoc, ngheth9at, am nhac va the'duc. Ca ddi hot cu'a baigiang dadc a'n dinh 1-1()i (long trthirig diaphdting Fizy Br) Gizio dc Tia hang. Vi ly dodo', doi hoi cth't bai giang co' the'klia'c nhau ta-tia bang mty, sang ti1 hang, khzic, tirih miysang ah khac, hay ke'ca tU trthifig nay sangtrddni khac.
Cap' tied hoc cd,nhdh de Crtp",trunghoc cung drig cac dna') nhiC"rn y ben cimh cac de-tai hat huoc. Nhieu taking trung hoc cung ting
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cac khoa day nghe chang han nhd suV xe, thdmoc, kinh te gia dirTh, tieing nghiêp, thaThing thildfig dc hoc si.nh cO y' dinh di ngaysau khi,het trung hoc se chon cac khO,a giong nhu1ca:c khoa naji dephat tria na-ng khieu nghe'nghiep., cac,drtai miy thong thu'drig dtk3c cungdrig de tat ca các hoc sinh trthing chon
2) Trddng Ti. Cong voi tnlang cong, co rat nhieutrtidfig W tai My. Wit so'deing tradrig náy du'qcdied hahh bdi'cdc nho'm ton gia'o. Trddrig tdthadfig doi trii hoc phrtrOdC khi cac h9c sinh denh9c. Hoc phi 'ray cd the'ral thaP hotts rat caotdy theo tdrig tnlag d;,.1"c biet mot. Cac hoc phinay,tra thang cho trtOiig, ant idiong qua thue:Neu con ban theo hoc tnidng td, ban vali phaido'ng thde'CleIgiu'p yerh tri) track-1-g cbrig.
3) Tracing Mâ iao. Phan donog diVa phddng cotrad4 cho tre em dadi 6 tu6i. Ca'c trOdrig nay,thirih thoang la, vth tre, mau giao, hay tien-hoc daing, cung tin& Gii(o duc cho tre em
Thdag la-cac trthg td viii doi hoi hocphi.. Tradtig niâii giao co the'la:mot phAti cui We'thong trang cdng,trong m6t cong Trongtnldrig 114 nay, cac tnidng nay co the'hoa`c khOngtirih tieff hcc phi'va viec ghi hoc co' the'hozVckhöng cO tirih ca'ch bat bui)c. ba sôcactrüôngti e?! hoc dddrig chab nhdn ca'c treem td 2 den 5tub!.
b. Nhibig dijus cdh bit l'i";tn.'orig hoc
Ban gizing Iiun. d cap Tieti n9c, thadng motgia1) vien chiti ntra'cl) hiem cho rriin ,1(11; va segiang day tat cac puin cho ldp Sy. d'capTrung hoc, nhie6 giao vien khLc nhautdrig nuin. Thay vid'mcit Idp day nhat, caC hoc.
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sinh di chuyen di pholig kh4 cho plan hoc.Ong vSo vdi cac giao viin, co nheng c6 yinthcing thiMngsan sang giup hoc sinh giJ quietcac v,an cua chung cung nhd cung dng cachddng ve gido duc vi ye' sti nghiqp.
2) Chuyan chcr!CO khi tnidzig co' the 'girl nhi vã treem d'ke'c4n cd thedi be; den trudrig. DOI v;:li cactre em d'xa trüôig, thôpi thddrTg cd xe buYt cifatradng chuien chd'mien phi.
3) Chuyen cari. Da sO:tre e/m truarig 6 gid-mOtden thd sa'u. Nien hoc thong
thddn$ bat dati vao thang 9 4 fief!' tuc den ththig6. Cac thahg 6, 7, va 8 la' thei ky'nghi'he. Th6i-ky-na'y cd khi dd6,c trddrig xd 'dung vab yie.c giui)dc hoc sinh thieu chuyen can trong nien hoc, haycung dps ca'c ldp pesda`c Wet ma sd chuyen an- cotinh cach nhiem y.
aing co" cdc 14" nghi'ngA'n, hp4 ngh:lenrirongnie,n hoc khi d6 tradrig dong cda. Mdt sO'nhv'msa-c din, hay tOn giao cling cO mOt sO'ngdy 1,etruyen th6fig. Dfiy không pha'i 1 ngdy nghi 1theing thddng. Thy nhien, thOng thlidng cdc tre cothe'dukic phep min- hoc vio ngdy 1Chay biehanay. Trong ck trabfig hOp nay phu huynh,hocsinh thddrig thick yeu cal thông bao II-116c yessd vthig mdt.
Phu huynh hoc sinh chip trkh nhietm ve-vies theodOi con em cult ho di hoc m'M ngay. Ned mat treem vAng mat, cha me phai dda ra gii thiCh ve-sq
mat. fvtOt atrilang cd the' d6i hi cha mephat goi din thoai den van pho-ng hánh chtinhcu'a tnidng buo'i sang ma dda tre varig m4t cungnhd 1áviëf mOt thin giSi thiCh tai sao dda trd darva-ng vast;ao gid-se di hoc lai; Nhu'ng yangmat khOng CO ly'do neu xaY luon Co the'dal
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den sa chi'vdo IdPhoc. (hi cha me dddcmm den,tnldfig vd-,bdn luan Ve-cac'vS.ri de-dtia canminh vdi vier' chdc nha trildfig.
4) 13thl-trila. ThOng thddrig hoc sinh a`n t4itrddilg. Nhii trddrig klAng cho php hoc sinhrdi san trddrig trong thdi gian n trda. Noi chung,cac hoc sinh ho4c mang theo dO-a-n ta-nhi haymua dôañ tgi 1111thig dd taicc ding-tin nay thddng re va rat can dOi.
A
5) Sach. Das/
o trthing cong cho hoc sinh inOn sachgido khoa ma,chting can trong nien hoc. Sachgiao khoa phat tra lai trdong vao cddi nam hoc.Neu mOt tre em lam ha, mat hay kh6ng tra laisdch, cha mq cu'a em thông thabi-ig phai tra cuOnsdch thay the'.
6) Caic Ide Anh vrtn. Cdc trddrig cd m'Ot s6'phddngca'ch de gitip cac hocinh không n6i Anf),ngyrkh6ng hieti ngi'm ngd naY ti trdöng. Neu conhien hoc sinh ndi diR)c it hay khöng nOi Anhngt1,"-cdc Anh vah nhti 1a ngi'm ngrthd hai(ESL) co th'e:cycic cung/ting. C6,khi c6 nhdfcgldp/song vdi vdi lOp dtRic gia,ng day tang,tieng me de ctia tre em. Neu chi co tnZit s^o it hocsinh can cac ldp' anh van dac hiet, cdc trtIOng cothe'dan xep de'co môt ngai giain hO cho cac hocsinh nay., Cha me phai chL chhn la" con minhdui& giup dd trong viec hoc anh
7) -Da'nh gi. Hoc sinh dObc daiih gid qua rnZit s6'ca'ch thdc khA hlet. Ca'c da'nh na'y thOOngdddc ca'n va-o#Chuyen can, hoan tat cac nhiernNal giao pho, trkl-c nghiern, va tham gia vab hodtaing trong 1O31. Co cac h thOtig da'nh gia'khdcnhau dddc xd dung de'bia hie,n mtic'a dat thick.Theoihe thong a dia, trdong xtfdking cdc chi? td.A den F, A bia hiéu hodn hzio, vd" F cho thaf
73 1,4T .1,
Cd...trddrg, ktic cci the'xtf dung rn'Ot so'thang134, chd,S (Satisfactory, t6t), U (Unsatisfactory,,khOng tot) hay d4u/r8t. Co' tritit trudni cothe'khôn§_xil thing he: thOfig dánh gia ntidn,g thay
bafig mot ban ddnh gi viet bC3i giaviénve-dch lárn viéc ara INC sinh.
Da siVtrddrTg khong CO triC nghiem ma- hoc sinhphdi qua de'dthic len 14, hay td`tiefi hoc lentrung hoc. Neil viec hoc cu'a tre em dircic tbi thfddiic Idn ldp tren va-O dat.1 nm hoc. Tuy nhientrong mOt b.sitng hoc sinh phdi qua mot traCnghiem thieti de dddc act nghiep Trung hoc.DO khong phai la cdc ky-thi cci chi sd'suOC gia.Co' khi hoc sinh chick cho Irn cdc trac nghiemdinh chUali ft& cO nghi Iá cac tra-C n4hiemdda ra cho nhied trddrig trong cd nUOc. Cdc trticnghiem nay khong quyet dinh möt hoc sinh dauhay r(3t; cht.ing phu'Ong tien cre'sp sdnh mdcdat dddc,cda hoc sinh cab cti'vd-o mdc trung bihtoari quôc,. Czic tre em thddng dtidc vão 1d rdola-can cii theo tu61. Mot so'trddrig dda traenghiem cho tre em hOn 6 tuOi. Dgy kitr anghi6m chon ldp, ch6 khozing phai trk nghirrtclack nhip hoc, va cO the 'dui-1g de'quyet dinh xem(Ida tre hoc d'Idp nao. No' khóng quyet dinh xemdda tre co'dtik vac) hoc hay khöng.
8) Hoat döng ngoai chiking trinh. Ci:mg vao cdchoc ya Ca'c chathy trifih trong tr* ngay,hoc chi'nhthdc, da so tracing cung u'rig Intit loat cac hoatOng the thao va cau lac ho trong vasngoai gidhoc. Cac hoat Ong nay bao gdtil chang han bOngre): da banh 14, tdc cad, con eau, chay nhAy, bongchuyeii, kish, tranh Iun ngsin ngd, tham gia vaobLio va tap chi, nghe th4t vrin van. Mcjt sO cdulac ho co lien quan den nghe nghiep.
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MOt tradiig coi hoat ddng ngodi chddng trinhnial la hoat dOng ngoai vi va kheing phAi la mOtphari cua nhu cài ca-n ban hoc dtlông. Do dd, catrddfig nay cd the' dôi hoi các hoc sinh, phdi cd cdcdiei tOt trong cdc ld chifih tha mdi dads thamgia vdo cic float Ong ngoai chddng trinh.
9) Hanh kiefn va 1,714 tai trddrii. Nsoai viec hocd'tnfdlig, ca'c hoc sinh phdi hon tdt cdc bdi lain crnha dung thdr Ilan. Hoc sinh ndb den ldiS ch4mma"..kheing cd gia) xin 161, hay cluim trong viechoan tat cdc cong tEic cd the b ky luAat. Bienphdp,q luat thay clOi. Cd the la lain them bai o'
d lai tradfig sau khi tan hoc, bi khi3dc tdkhOng cho tham gia m?)t hoat (king, khientrach bd hieu trdolig hay mbt vien chu'c khkTan-1g ph4t the'xdc khOng dullc phep trong da so'truOng cong t4i Hoa Kjr, nhdng doi khi dddc clfdp
C. Nhatig tningai tlang thildn-g
NhieV tre em ti nan ga`p phai cdc trd)ngai nhd thrchnghi vôi ddi sp-ig cita Traórig. Trd-khi chang noi dac itAnh ngchung co' th-e,nlidn thaY cluing bi quer' laeng tidi banhoc prrig,loiS. Dot vdi m(3t tra em qudc'gia nd cdnhting cam, nhdn cO ddn. Tuy nhien van de sna-y cd khuynhhang hien di khi khi nd-ng giao dich cult n6 tang len.
'gala va7) giong chir;h" (mainstreaming), cdch dia ck tr.e emkluing Wag Anh vd cac tre voi cac nhu cau d4c biet, tnic
thi trari nh;4 ndi cdc trObng co mix it'ngtThi ti nat.'tdi dinh va it ngueni- tái tr3 de"phlit trien cdc chddng triihddc biet cho tre' em ti nan.
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Trong rnôt tradti$ hdp,khdng cO themg dich vd-cdckhd khai-3 ve-gido dich rat trarii trong lu'c ban dão. ,.:Tuynhiên, noi chung, dticho ck hoan,ca'nh co kho' khan, cac hpcsinh thqc hien dukic nhdn'g bthic yang chd-c tieri tdi ttf tLicvd" tharn gia hoin toan va-o ddi song trddng. That.ra khOngngacnihien, vr.tre em cd mOt kha nang dzi-c biet de' hoc nemngd mdi va thiCh nghi vth nhiea nen van hoa.
Ca'c tre em ti nan phiti mOt vantrong hdn, dkic biet d'cdc khu do th ldi, dO la tih trangca'ng thng giurf c.a`c stiC dan vIchi1ng tdc trong tradrig. Cccmic dtil dad githr clt/c nhoM sd.0 da'n c(Vthe'co nhied nguyendo. Dbii dad co' the'miy ra chi gian di vi-thieit king tin, nghiky glifacac nhcirn hoc sinh Net it'vthui cki, yip quSn cuanhau. Ck vien chitc Trddrig hiu den cacdôi ddtichLingtOc, hay sdC dan. Bdn hok con ban phut no! N/3i gido vienneit viec nay xay,ra. Fuy nhien phai thtpi trqng de'dtirig
7 A
chup mu moi cai va cua tre nit thii-nh cubc tranh Wein.
d. Vila di kiln vdii di hoc
Doi vbi cac hoc sinh nhielt tuol, laTh yaa-hoc, vá nhieii- nhd CaC ong viec cho hoc
sinh gal ba'o, lam vddn, gid tre, hay lam viec trong sieuthi ho4 liern ban dOan lam nhanh. Cdng viec nay thdöriglam track ho4c sau cac giO hoc chinh thtic tai trdemg va trongck ngay nghi.' Trong ca'c tháng he khi rnt hoc sinh dt.Thcnghi: nhied- ngdöi lain todn thOi gian.
e. Traich nhiThn cu;i phu huynh
Trdch nhiem cult phu huynh phai ghi danh con emma vzio trudng cailg sant ca:hg tr)t ngay_sau khi hp den My.Thddng ngtioi bao trc') giup cac ngdOi mOi den, trong vie,cghi danh cac con em yd-o trdOng. Dii cho ban den vab giaarnZin hoc, bdn valT phai ghi danh con bdn vap trqdng l4p tOcva không ddi den khai trddng nam sau. Doi vai trildrig cong,
76
tre em se-di hoc trthirig na-o thtlaig 1a tu-y vao ndi ban cLIngu va váo 14 ma tre ciddc
Cha me buOc phi mang theo twit khi ghidanh cho con minl va'a tradrig. The 1-94 cuh tre chA-C chain1a-m6t trong cdc tai lieu quan trong nhat. Nhting tai lieu
cun4 se-htlu dung evil giay khai sinh, toi,116 sb chich pgIld, hay kham sdc khoe, hay tfatkhac cap beoi cac cdmuan dich vu dia ph}iong co thechanghan chi dinh dia chi diA phadng cu'a (Ida tre. Nhtirrig dti kiqnsau thông thtfotig dtidc yêu cau khi ghi danh:
1. Ten ho dda'tre4?
2. Ngdy sinh thdng de/tuoi3. Dia chi/ v sO'dien thokti4. ChiCh ngtia/hd-sd sac' kluie5. Ten Cha mq
"6. Dia chrlain viec cda cha me va so then thoai.
Da siVtrik\i-tg doi dda 'tre phdi khdm sdc'khtie trthiCkhi di hoc. Co n1-6t s6'chiCh noa do,luat cu'a tied bang Vettcdu'. Cha me can' plU,tirn ve-cac yeu cad nhti vay khidu'a con den talOrig de ghi danh.
n r //Mac du giao duc c6ng tu'cing dOi mien phi , tuy nhiencha me buOc phdi trti) mot s6 'chi khodn. Mtikin sdch, cdc
, _cung cap linh tinh cua trtlemg, hay le ph,i'dic Met cho cac ldpthe'duc hotk sinh hoat cdu lac bd hicac thi 'du v ca khodnngoai chi.
,Cha me sL; thing vai chti d6ng trony, gido due, chinhthdc cua ho. Cha me dad.c khuyeri khich quart sat conho tai tri.Mfig vd gip gcrydi cdc giao %/Fen du cho ho khiing
nhieu chi& an'h ngtl. MCA sol"trd6ii-g, coi chti\ing trinhthuThig Ic ve-cdc cuOc hop Phti huynh/Gia'o vien nhieu huii
._.
mOt nam. Nhied trtldn-g eting cc; Fliep I I Gia'o Vien Phuldynh. Tai caic buOli hop dinh 14/, phy huynh va. ,Odo vien co"
th.e. hiii 1uri chthsng trifth Va chinh sach cua trildng, phu'dngcach cai tied gido due tai trth'ing vd-nhieti de tar idifc.
77
si
Thüdrig dc vier' MY-thieh .thti các With 1114n haycau hoi ctia Phu huynh. C4c trao &Cm nhd v4y gitip ho danhgW h dang him vi:4c ra sao va cung cap cd hôi cho hp babcho phu huynh biet con em dang,hoc ra sao tai trabirg. NOcling gitip phu huynh tham gia tich cic hdn trong ding d'ofigmbi cua ho.
f. Sau .1* tn4ng ho.c
Cdc h9c sinh (rung hoc cd,the' dti?.)c cung c-a0 tin ttic'ye-cac cd sau khi nghiep bdi ca'c hdông (RIF taitradlig cila ho.
Cci vai chon lu'a cài düdc xem xet la:
1) Tirit viec sau khi hei trung hoc. COng viec c6 the'cho ce) hbi thp Wan them.
2) Deri rnôt trdag chuyen nghiclo/kithu4t de'thuhuan cho mbt kyr nang ditc hiet mio hay sd thiCh
3) Viio Dal hoc 2 n'a-m.
4) Viio Dai h9c 4 na-m.
Nhdng ai chu trong dr viè tiep tqc hoc tai dai hoc 2hoac 4 nam co' thFphdi qua mi)t cuik thi nhilpditih ch^e'h(ca. S'diecTi ghi dth)c quit 1(5? trLte nghiem Ia m'Ottrong nhtifig tieu chuari nhuip hocAdtlac cc Jti hoC xd'dung.
dai h9c ch,o trAe ngfiieni ve anh vzbi sinh vienquo-c. Chi co cac sinh vien v61 kieti thilc tot ve anh
van mdi cci th-e qua cac trac nghiem nay. Cac tie-u chulthkhac co the gdfii ngach trat, va mC)t danh sAh athieh vasinh hoat ma hoc sinh thr gan ho trong thOi gian trung hoc.
78
duc sau trung hoc khcing mieriphi'va-cO the'dai.MOt trddng dai hoc td daf hdn nhieti so vdi dai hoc tieii banghay qua:n. Tuy nhien pha chât cu'a trddrig khOng thay dOi
dai hoc cong, hay dai hoc W. Detri tieri di hoc daihoc, meit ci nhan c die' di Um tnIdd rbi sau dd di hbc daihoc, hoc c4 hai th,d'rnO't ldc; thi3c te1 nhieb 'ngd81My laln hai thu mOt lue de tai trd viec hoc cd'a ho.
2. VIFAX HOC CHO NGlidiLdIV
duc hi mCit tien trinh subt, döi. Nhiii ngilOi Mychting td dieti ndy qua si:1 li&i tqc tdi tradrig hoc,vA tharn dqvao cdc ,sinh haat giao duc. Tuy nhien ngoai cap dO trddngcdng, ganh nting tr a'. tien hoc trdc deli do ngddi sinh vienchiu, Do dO filo:Mg thddng nhied ngddrldn lahi viec tolanthdi gian, trong khi do' hue nda thdi gian., T91dng md'cdc ldpdem, ldp trong ngdy nghi,' van van de thich sighi cho cdcsinh vien di lain. Nhieil childng trinii day nghe dar-ddc3c taora cho chinh calc sinh vien nay. Ta cling thank thilq/ nhieunglidi 1ainvic rnOt thbi gian r6T trd thzinh sinh vier' twin thdigian (mien cci sO)phdo'ng tien yer'n trd) de' tkilig tienhay doi qui che lahi viec.
Lido chinh m cz;c ngLie.);16n di hoc la ci tieni tiihtrang,cong viec cuh 19. Tuy nhien không nhai thief ld dungki cd hoc nhied, thi'tiñi nang kiern tien s nhied hdn. Trênthdc ta", n-qit siVviec cd ,k57 ruing thick tra lang ngang hoaccao hdn lacing cu'a chilc vi chuyen mon doi h6i thdi gian dihuc rat nhieu hdn. Trong viec an dinh loai cluiOng trifihhocnab tot nhai cho moi ca nhan, died quan trong hi phan tiChcari than cdc cO hi viec lam trong dia phthing ma ca nhando co yidinh dinh Cu cung quan trons kh6ng kern la xet dencdc loai có hOi do viec him toan th.bi/gian dem 14i (gOin thuhuan tai quye. fdi tharn nien, cac khozin lc3i van vdn)khien cho cdc chthing trinh huc chinh qui trd'nen m3t cb"
I . Agang co hi! loc sau najt'.
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Trong myc nay, chiing ta s mO,tg chevichtiOng trinh thcing dung nhat cho cac ngddi 1dri.
a. Anil van alu2 ngew nprtluihai
Nhieu dia phtfdng d Hoa Kji cO nhtfrig ndi ma cac najildn khong n6i Anh ngtrc-o'the hoc Anh van. Val cd quanhay ndi mi bon co' the'tirh thaY cdc Idp na-5, laT
1. Chthing trinh giao duc can bn cho ngddi ldn.Cac chtldng trinh nay thddng dtIdc din haith boihi ddrig trdorig. Ca'c chddng tririh na'y cung dfignhieti cd hi thy huah, thddrik gOm cdc lop Anhvan n4 Ingôn ngd thd Co' the:co mOt 16.phi, nho, rnlIc di thinh thoan cac 1dAp nay riiiphi. Ca'c 14 nay cung cho cd hôi de'cac..hdc vienIdn tan alit nhiéü queic gia khac nhau gap nhau.
2. Cd quan thien nguyen. Cd quan thien reiguyenrnôt dbi khi cung viec day Anh ngd vi hadng_dan van hoA (14-c hiet cho ng;ddi nan. CaC ngniti nan vdd-da phdi tha-m hoi ye nhatig 1d nhu'vay toi van,phd-ng cd quan thien nguyen diapinking hoac qua ngdOi hd'o trd.
3. Nha thd. Nha thd-va--ca'c nhatn t6n gia'o co' lienquan deh viec tai dinh ngdói ti nap thni mO'cac IWAnh van \ill hddrig dari vd-n hoa.,, ...
4. Cac trthing ngon ngd thddng mai. Ca,c tradng nifygiahg day Ant) van nhtl la ngön ngdrihiiihai nhdngth13fig ral dat.
5. Ngai gia'm h. Cac ngdoi tj flan mOi deri cc; th-e'co'ca h9i hoc*Anh van vcii ngu>di giarn hc)., NgIgidm hi) co the la- ngdoi hdo trd, ngdOi langgieng hay rnOt ngddi mdi queA hiet cua chdcding dethg hay nhd thd. Mdt sd gidm Ito ttl
80U.
nguyen trong dish vu cuti ho trong khi do rniit sokhac (djec biet gidm ho chuyen nghi'0) döi hói tratien du'di tmit so'hiiih thde. Viec gidm hO Ia mOtbién phdpsthay the' nhd kh6ng c cdcchdcing trinh chuyen mon ve-Anh %/tin nhd ngemngd the, "hai.
6. dditu khemg cd chthing trinh. DÔI khi kheinghip shihh thtiC huah luyen Anh van nhd ng-on ngathd hai trong mOt cOng th;131 miiihd'tiong utcdfig h()p nay, thrse con co nhieti dtchde hoc Anh van. Thi'du:
Hay co gang noi Anh van vd( ngt.di N437-d,
tiem tap hoa, king, vá vdi ngddilafig giefig. Dd chrmOt hai chd mOt ngaycting giup ban phdt tria kha ndhg Anh ngd.
Xem truyeri hihh vd c tinh nghe cdc chdr-vácd9 doan van ddc Net. thdc hdnh chtingvdi ban be va cdc ngih3i MST king grefig.
XdAlung t1.1 dien song ngdrde' hoc cdc chdmdi. Nhd banMyr-pht am czic chi] cho banvd- ddt cdc chd vdo câu vzrn. Thdc
Ikta dati dung sdch Anh vfin cult trddfig ca'ccon ban.
Dusng cdc tdi lieu ni hpc Anh vdn nhd ngi'mngtirthd /hal, mac du- cd the' dtif
b. Cluldng trinh cac giao dyc ming biin
Them vdo cac kip Anh Nian nhd nCon ngd thd hai, nhied-chtto'ng tririli ido,duc tra'ng nien dia phthing md'ca'c lap/ de'giup ngdOi kin kiy,ithew barig tôt nghiep trung, hoc cang nhd
cac Idi ich chung. ddk thiet lap de' cho
81S 5
ngti1ô1,ta cd c hçi traod kieri thdC hay nAfig cu'a hovdt cac ngedi khA. Co' nhdrig ldp dieh khac gOiri hOihop, dO-sd;'klittu may, lain bef5 hay thd Rea xe hdi. CA lasrury thtiag dadc tai tr.184 tia hoc hay trung hocdia phdOng trong cac gid-nghi'buOt chia hOi inOt
phi' nhO.
c. Tradrig duy nga-kfthuFit
Traarig day nghelay kfthu'at chuyen veltutui luyenngOdi ta ve-rnOt sO'nghe-righiep nhtit dinh. Cc chtlang trinhnhe vc.ty c6 d'cA trddrIg chuyen nghiep va" kV th4t td, va-cung la cac chddng trinh rieng biet d' da adc dai hoc cingclang (xem dadi day). Cac childng tririh ntry,thtidng a; tinhhoc phi, ma sO'tiefi hoc phi'kluCc nhau. Thi du dig hit-th ve-cA nghe-righiep ma afc treatig nay cO chadng trih huatiluy6.n gOr'n huAriluyen tha ha'n, can st.1,y te: hoas nha y, thOrak ma'y dien td, thaO chedng dien toan, thd sda thin xe, va-nhii nghe-the ky'.
d. Cdc loai dui hoc
r-Cd hai loai d4i hoc chinh a My: dat hoc hai nam vá
dai hoc bOn nam. CIc dai hoc ai the'la-cOng ho4 tu'. Ccdai hoc hai nt'im dddc dieri hirih goi lã "dai hqc sd da-hg"(Junior) hay dai hoc cOng &Fig (community) trong khi ccdai hoc bon ntrem ddeN menh danh la-dqi hoc (universities).Colleges thddrig nho hon va-it phan khoa hdn Universities.
Dai hoc bOil nain tjp trung vao mOt pham vi r(?ng hiSchedng triiih cif nhan trong cac Iaih vkic khoa hoc thuaii
tuj/, khoa hoc xd-hOi, nghe thu4t va-nhiln vtn. Cac sinh vienthearig cid& dOi hOi hoa-n tai rriZ?t chedng trifih 1154 quit cnba'n trong hai naln datitrdoc khi tap trung va nganh chonIda nhtl: vat 1Y, toin, giao duc, nghc thulit. Themvab dd, cIc trudiig. nay co the'cung tag ma cao hdricii nhan, thddng dadc goi Cao hoc (graduate school).
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aai hoc cOng dôhg hai nam,ch6 trong den nal-1g khiebnghé-nghiep, nhu'ng cullg cling ting gig() duc tOng qugt chosinh vier' mua chuyeil sang ca:c dai hoc bcin ram.
Hoc cho dai hoc Ong thing vat dai hoc khgc nhaurit nhieb. Cgc dai hoc Ong dieii ha'hh bbi tie% bang hokquin nhan dddc pelt trci cdP ctia chirih phtl; do a hp thttagtinh tien hoc phi i Mn cc dai hoc td balc phi taing chd-vIo sd yeln trd cu'a sinh vier). Dlidi day ia bah so stinh hocphi: deft nOi tii cu'a nien khoá 1985-1986 cult ba tradrig daihoc tai khu vtIc Hoa Thinh Dôh (Sch va chi phi'd nhankhông tinh)
$4,200 a-la/nAm (neii khOng phili La an$3 420 a-la/nilm dia phtiOng)$7,620 a-la/Mini
Dui Hoe 2 neim
Hyc phi': $ 800 do-la/mim (neii 1i (Ian dia phddng)Không chap nh4n nOi trti
hioc phi: $3,465 a-la/nttm (nal không phtli 1 thincu' tni tai dia phthing)
Khóng chdios nh4n ndi tni
8357
Chif-th phd lien bang, mOt gidu, cd, t(fchtiCtirthien chocac sinh vien vay vOl lai xuat thap,s Dai da soca'c khoAn tai trd hay hoc bag ld do chinh phu lien bang.Co nhieu loai hoc bag cho sinh vien hoc gii3i nhkIng khOng
, .- vco nhieu tien, cung nhu' caC chkidng +rin-h "vda hoc vuli la-m"tra nen cho cac sinh vien la`m viec nilâ thdi gian trong khi hodi hoc. ,Cdc tin chinh xa'c va the't14 xin cdc chadng trihhmiy phai 14 tai "Van phoirig giu'p dd tdi chanh" (FinancialAid Office) cua dai hoc hai mrm hay bon nlim ma sinh_viéncd 1.1inh, theo hoc. Vr.cdc nem khoiln cho chkidng trinh nyhi cAt giant mdi day nen vie'c canh tranh de dabh sk] yein trdtrd nen gay gtd.
e. vu qutin su
Wit nguon g5;: thy huan' thddrig hi Id ld laluyen ddOc cung thig hdi quail 1c Hoa Kj cho nhtirig ngObihien dich, trd hj va"trong,dnh,ve. Trong khi viec clad quanva() trong,.quan dôi ddi hdi phai hd ra todn thdi gian, hiclth3ng tra hj va-dmh ye la-,nhdrig dich vu qurin ski "ban thOigian" dkiqc qui dinh cho cac iigtIèi lain Wan thdi gian d'caccong viec,dan stf. Cac ciRic t4p hdp cu'a ddnphdong xay ra vdo ngdy cubi tudii diph tErlicdnggorn "r,not vo-ng nghia vo" keo dai khoang hai tuah mbi,nam.De'doi lai, cac thabh vien dkidc thy hda'n trong mOt so ngdnhchuyen mem va thic)c tra lacing ban thOi gian.
(Tac dieti kien nhap lAng ca'nh Nre Vaquan d6i chirih qui ye-can ban giong nhau:
M6i pMli cong dan hodc co' thc;thMig trki (I-551). Cac no6i ti mkh dOc xin thiendy,sau khi d My m(it mrin.MOI ngikCi ph:'n qua rricit kys- kham stic khoe.Moi ngLiói phai qua mot tn`th nghim viét ve-Anhvan.Moi ngklOi phai qua dieil tra an ninh.
84
Dieu tra an ninh cho quan dich gqi I SeQuiVc GiaDied Tra (National Agency Check) va ddi h6i ti lieu cinhan/chtitig chi va gidi thieu lien quan deh l liçh lath viesvã quan ba trabC dày. B4n cd thetrd thSnh mOt thnh viencu'a ldc Iung tn.I bi vS cu'a canh ve trong khi dials] tra anninh tieh hánh.
B. Kel Ivian
Cd 1 dieii co' Idi nhai cho nhdrig ngu'di ti nan mdi dehcho phep tic cc; citt dam trong viec hqc he)i virn
holi !TIN v Anh ya*n. Can darn c6 nghii l idi dung m9i cdhi sSn c6 de xu' dung Anh yan hozic hqc hoi ve-vin hoa My.NgtlOi ti pan co' nhieS1 co h9i nhti va'y tr9ng tni)t ngay. Noi,chuyen vOi ezic ngM cling him vies, vdi hang mim hoac,vdi,cac ng4 ban t4p hoa ti ch dia phang chrld rmit (") thidy. Ri bd sti an ninh Wang dOi cua cSh nha, di kham phavuiis ke can, x1'dungcc tin ich cong aing, v tüdng planv(31 nguói khzic hI nhdng phdeng tien khac de'thic hoi ve-va'nhoa Mcr. Can am cling c6 nghia- la-b4n,cd the that InAti trongkin dad de giao tiê, nhdng chinh sd that h4i doco the'manglai ca'c hai hoc qui via. Noi chung, nhdrig ngLiOi ti nan kientritrong viec hos hoi ve-vzin rninh MY- vd Ant) van la nhOngngiOi da5 tien thSnh c6ng trong cwic ming moi.
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CHIIONG V
HE TH0511G HC0I, CHiNH TRI VA TON GIAO HOA 107
A. Dfiii nhi,p
Chddng nay m.6 ta td 'dngquan cua ngddi ti vdi ccte; did xlhOi chinh tricd the'Etnh .nddng deh fro t4iCo' nhihr t6 chti'd nhd v4y: trddrig hoc, cac cd quan y te",' cdquan xa hi, vá dc bô phan chrhh tri di td-Qudé Hôi HoaKi den ban qugn tn giao auc dia phddng. Vica'c cdaquandia,phthing khdc nhau td-cOng ddlig na`y san cOng dofig
cac ngd6i ti nan phai cd su!giup dd-cuangddi bo trd,dai dien cd 9uan thien nguyen, hay meit ngddi hithi biet khacatifii ra cac clich vu (lac dinh cung drig trong cong angmdf vá clich laiii ao c6 dddc nhdrig dich vLz Ay.
Chadng trinh nay thick chia thinh bdri delnuc:
Dich vt4 Xar-h6:i me) td cac loai dichsa-ri co' Cho nhdfig ngtidi tik thaf) hay nhdrigngu'di-cd nhu Cau da`c bit. Vi cac di.ch vu nay nOichung dddc dieti hthih tren cap dia phOng, nenchi'duk ..an 16n mi3t cdch tongsquat. Cdc tintul. r6. ret hOn coithe'hdi di1giiOi bdo trd hayngddi khk.
Churn sdcc stk. kho'e o Hoa Ky- Ngd(11 My hddrignhieti loai dich vu chilm sdc khoe; cac dish vuna'y cling co the rai dal. Phan nay mo ta caC loaidich vu (Idris cung drig va- cac cd cair khk nhaucupg csaP chung, va him ve'cach tht3 niã ngtkii Mftra tieri cho viec dram sdc sac khoe rn6.t each dienhinh.
A
Chia pht; Luiit phap Doan dan nhap ngai)nay yeThe' thdrig chirih tri Hoa K9 md t aC toark cua chinh ph lien bang, ca'c tó'chdC die"?'hifih cu'a tieil hang vii chihh phir dia phddng, var.
86
cAc quyeii td do, cAclu4t le tai Hdp ChLing QuO'cHoa K.
Ton gido tai i4 Phith nay m ta nen gon ve-vaitró ton giao trong ddi sOng Hoa KY:
1. DICH VU Xi-Hey
CO nhieil loai dich vii xa hi dlidc cling dn'g trong hàühetpak cOng (Mil& Most ado chinh phi' lien bang, chinhphu tieii bang hay chini, phu,di.a phddng cung cap, Va mot sOkhac c6 the'ddOc cung dng bdi cac cd quan bat vi ldi. banhming thay thddrig danh xdng co' thekhóng ndilen du'dc dich vu. Ban phai tim hieii ten va vj tri cu'a nhdgcd quan the trong cors (long cud ban. Ngddr bao trcicua ban hay nha9 vien cua cd quan tdi dinh cd cO the'gidpban lain quen vdi chang. Ban cLing co tlie'xem trongpienTboai Nien Giam trong muc "Hisep HOP "Td'chdc thieln"hay 'CO quan Chinh phie de'tirn danh sach va ten cu'a cac coquan dich vu xd- hOi. Do dd phldi sau day khöng phai Ia mOtmó,ta ye cach mô cong dông to'cha cac dich vu ra sao. Ndchim mOt sei'dich vu vd chLiOng triuih ddOc cung Ling.
0")49 moi ngu'di kho6 rnanh thick trông di lafn viec de'nucii scing ha'n than va gia dinh
Co hai loai chddng trinh cho n h4 ngLIOi mai khd, nanghoac kNing co' kh;1 nang lam viec hay tiril viec nhat thdi hayvmh vien.
a. CIu6ng trinh duy tilc
1. An Ninh X 11jj Day hi chddng trinh bah hiêhhôi hdu lien hang cung Ling cho hiii het moi ngdóiMy laiii yiec. Ngt101 chu rnthlti hay ne,dOi laThthue, moi iigitOi déi trd thue'cho (Minh Oil la
87
bang. Vol %/di biet 1, ta't ca cfc "RN him viecphi tr'a thue'cho quye*An Ninh Xa flOi. Tat cácac ngddl rarn trong he thenig niy có heshOi hduvao tat 65 vd dddc hddrig tieft td quT AnNinh ?CA- HOi. Ban cling cd the'hoi hdu vab tuol62 , nhdng hdu thap hdn. Tie?' hdu thay dottheo akfOng v thdi gian la'rn viec cu'a ngdorta.Ngoai An Ninh Xi Hôi, cd'n cd caC chddng triithhoi hdu khac. to'chd cd chddng trinh hbi
cu'a chirih ho cho nhdrig nhdn vien lam dalhan.
2. Bit trd:thai nghiep Nhia cong_vie:c dddc bLidzim mcn chddry BO trtl Thai nghiep.Chddrig trifih niy co o' tzii c cdc tieb bang va"dddc un trO qua thue trti hdi cc ngddi chd mddn.Khi m()t nhan vien di laiii mci.t thdigian (thddlig6 thang) rot mai viec vi czic l do ngoai main,thi dddc nhan tier') bd trd that nghi.ep cho/mOt s6"
thz.qtg. Nhu'rig ngddi nhan tien bu trnhat nghiep
phai tint v,iec, phai nhan cong viec thrchhdp khi co, va phai Rhuc trinh vain phdng kiemviec c6ng trill can ban deli dn.
3. Tien hoi holm CVc tia bang cd chtiOng_trinhtieri hOl hmih dddc trt hi thue'cutt ngddi chti
thus. Tien miy tr chi phrchg tri khi nhrtn vienhi thd'ong luic Ott viec Va hoi hoah cho thdi giankitông lam viec dddc.
4. Cht?drig, tritih_yer'n trd den mAt ditc biet Cho nhthig. . ,
ngddi-kheing cd hozic Idi tut thap Da so'dan chting d'N4)% lam viec ldi ,dc'ttitienItning holic ttriain viec. cc; the' nhan dtlOc tiathdu bag ithd an ninh x hi khi ho veshdu, haythick tien,hOi hoap neit ho hi ma'tkhzi mIng kartviec. Neu ho that tyhiep nhat thdi, ho col the'nhan tiñ bu trd that nghiep.
88
:12
f /Doi vdt cac ngdth khOng cO nang viec,hoac den tnl-tha't nghiep dr chain chit, cting c6cdc chtiOng trinh giuP dd7 Ca'c chddng trifih naydt0c diêi hanh bdi'chinh phir tiefl bang Nddi.aphddng, khac nhau ve-pham vi va soluting dof vdicic khan tiéri md cc cd nhan vagia ditih nh"andtic)c.
Mac da chtking tria yet; trj tieri mat ddOc cungring cho ngdOi cdc ngni b tah ut neiemtrong, cd.c ngdöi d6c than cd con nh.6 tubi,ngdOinhai thol ngheo hoac khong cd,kha nanglam vies, nhubg day kh64 phi la lgi sorig mongmu6n d Netf. rai ca ai co the'laln viec, nen tithviec va- trO nen ta uk
5. Loi tdC An sinh hO'tdc Day la mot chdong trinhyern trcl tier) mat cho acc ngtgi tren 65 tubi hmtcbi ma{ kharang la-rn viec rn<it cach traire! trong.Chadng trinh,n4 du'dc sung ti'n'g ui mOi tiet,bang, va nht.ing nglicirdu dieti kien se-Id-nh,ctingmeit so tal khoan cult lien hang ma mOt se') rieubang cc; the bO'tdc.
DOn xin hdorig chddng triiih nay dcph(ing diy phdong,ctia SO'An Ninh X1Hi lienbang, do cu-ng chinh liT win phourg ma- ban xin theAn Ninh
b. Nining chdong trinh khdc cho ngla co 43/ nicIthi*
(L'tc chtliing trinh yen) tro hien vat nht3 tern,thdc phanva/yel'n trO hoi dot cac chi phi nang khac du'rgc cungOng tren tozin yaw; dtc,khoan trO di"p todng d moi ndi.('dc chtidng trinh nasy co the ld,sd trd cap !dh trong viec be)
'c Idi ttiC cda nhuTig ngdoi mOi den, dac Het trong nam thijIcua ho tai Hoa K khi ma niueu ngitoi mdc cong viec bandil va" !Laing rat khiem nhdOng.
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1) Tem nJs_pLa^;n Day la rn'Ot.cluldng triiih lienbang t4o lap de:gidp cic ngdOi cd tdi tdé thaf) codaic dinh dddlig d4 Cdc rigdOi &trig xin phAicd ldi tLIC thaf.) vá phdi dinh k cung ca0 barig cd'véloi t cu'a ho cle'dddc tiej) tuc cd td cdch &trigxin. ydy theo lqi tdd vá nhan sYgia diiih ma cacngddi ddrig xin clack rnOt a tern thdc ph'ain nhatdinh de'dting mua thqc phain. Nhdrig mdn dei'khdrig phi thdc pha'm nhd rddu n4ng vd,thuCié ldkheing dLicic tra' bang tem thdc Cac ternthdc pham dddc chaP nh4n t4i da cdc sieu thi.
2) Trd caP 116i no'ng Day la mO:t chddng triiih lienbang dddc diêb khiên bdi chinh phi] flee] bang Vãdii phddng dygitip cdc rjgddi cd Idi tdC tliabkhông dd sdc tra clic phi kholin ve'hdi dot.
2. Hi.' THONG CHAM NOM SliC KHOk
ffe thaw cung cd1) dich vu y té tui Hoa Ky &lc' tap va-cqc k chuyen mon hoa. No' cuhg co the 'ld mOt i thdhg tilhdn id mbt hjihthig du'dc nOi chung thi ddI tiên.Ngadi hao 0-6 cua 1,.in vd bd con co' the'giub bun him ro- honhe thohg nay. Phlth ndy mo ta mdt so'caeh auk nhu cai4y té'dii(3c gidi quyét tqi Hoa 4
a. Y Te Cong Cong
Môt vai guaril tarn vEy tra'ch nhiem cuà quan hathay,cua chinh phu dia phdông. Nhiem vu dâi tién cua chinhphu dia phdOng Fa bai) ve,su'Ckhoe cuh ci)ng dag. Thddng
yan phong y teicong d moi quan hz.tt de larn viec nay. Vemot phddng dien, day la cach kierh sok sd Ian trail cua cdc,be:nh truyefi nhi6fti. Cdc van pholig nay cung car!) thuo-C chichngda cac benlidich. Flo cting ki6in tra caS berth nhd lao vabenh hoa lieu va dieu tri. Dish vu kiern tra va diefi tri cae
90 fi4
./benh truyeli thddrig chi& cung ung mien phi de choMyi ngtior dü chiqc hddrig cáC dich vu nay.
Cc vEn pho-ng y te"c8ng qui dinh vithanh tra vieccung Cab na3C; qui dinh va thanh tra thdc pha'rh trong cctiem En; soat Ian trEn cu'a cdc tienh do sLic vtit; vanoi chung chiu trdch nhiem ve'bab ve ding (lag cheing lai'Dui loai benh dich.
, -b. Bac sitd
Nhdrig ngildi co' benh, muOn' khdm sdCkhoe, cd the'xin hen vdi ba'c si td. Ba'c si tu' thdOlig chuyenmtin ve-m(it sO benh 19 nhili dinh. Do do khAm xet tagqu:At dLidc:thdc hien bOl bc siloãn khoa hay ni trU. Nêmat ngildi bi giTy Xddng, bdc si cIluyen Nie-chieth hinh se diedtri. Thong thddrig rniit ngni 1rd 1i phoTig mach cua niC)tbaC si trong nhiefi rilim de kham tOrig quat.
, ,13ac si
ctd thddng dt a hdn cac bac si tai benh vien cOng.
Thddrig phai tra tii mtci khi khm benh. Ban phai xin hentrOdC, trd6C 1,chi tdi phdng mach mat 6aC siu Ned bankhóng giirdung hen, ban, phu.egqi dien thoa,i buoihen. Neu ban khOng huy bum he.n, ban co the' phai tra tirTmtc kixing d kham.
c. Cdc vic7n
Benh vien inclt cd ay te"cung ctip" nhieu- dich vu y;sZi lif-henh vien td, va mat sa'Ichdc dddc yem trô bSi
chmh f:hu dia Adeing hay bdi quy'turthien. ddy Id mat:t netn,gon cac loai henh vien khac nhau. dingdoffg co m(it thdrig so`c khoe khac nhau. Ban cothe thay Imbt hay nhieir cdc loai sau nay trong cOng (*iliftngHag biet cua ban.
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1) Benh vier' tu Benh vien td dddc dieti hdith hSi
mOt nhOrn bdc si thddrig cd nhOrig chuyen mCinkhdc nhau. Benh vin tu' giÔig cgc haC sin/ veviec tirih gid tddng dot cao va" can' có hen trd6C.Môt ult dith lashenh vien thli()Sig cd !Mt bk srkhdc siVsang khi chitih bdc si ca' nhan dtIqc mc)T
di nOi khdc vi rnôt ly do nab dd.
2) Benh vien ding (184 MOt só 'ding (king cO benhvien clack chiiih phU hay quTtd-thie'n yeTh trci motphthi hay toan ho. Viec tinh gid tiefi tu-y theo khdnang cua, con henh. Ca'c henh vien nd-y dthic dreithanh mtit,nhom bk si va henh nhan co'the cdcdc bac si khac nhau qua cdc laii khgm henh khdcnhau. Ca'c,digh ctia henh vien.crigbdolig cothe thay dOi nhieu tu*St theo nhu cait cua cOngdorik md, he.nh vien phuc Ho co' the'yeu cauhoA-c thich ca'ch hen tr1W, tuy nhien inôt sOl h'enhvien kham,henhphiin theo can hdn "ai di1 tri.18C7,khzm track." Cac ht?nh vien na-y thdeing rat' d6ngva'phdi ch3 ddi
3) Benh vien ngoai chn Ca'c henh vien nay dtk3clien hi; WI m.eit nha ththing 'float d6ng nh3 linu5t henh vit5n cong (lag holic to nhan. Nflithild'ng gidng day sinh vien y'khoa 4.htkitTg cd henhvien ngoai dal dieti hahh bôi sinh vien va gido
4) Cac to chtic hao tn stic khoe Loai qich v nziy
hoat thing a gioiig m(it qe.:nh vien k3n v6i nhieltbac si va doi khi cd cd se) nha thadng cda riengho. Mr?t nhAn "gia nhap" tii,choC bd.& cdch k./
,mot hpp dong dish vu va tra so nen moi thang.Cdc dich vi cung dOg dtky m-o tg d7di. trong,hdp dófig. Loai dich vq ni5/ thddrig hao(72 cdc dieit tri thong thtlông v da siYck gidi-phau rhmh tai nha thtlOng. Tien tra hang thangchi'bao cho ca'c dich vu du* thqc hien tai ca'c
92
sd'cu'a WchiJC. Do dd viec kham Wel khoethildiig le khbng nhdlig ddOc khuyeh khiCh ma arndtkic tirih vao le phi'lidng thang.
d. Nhci thadng
Da aaing (king (1Mi, ke'd cdc khu vac ridng thdndéi cd nhd thddng.
Trd trdOng hdp khan caP, da stithin chting chi'deh nhathddng khi dddc gidi thiu hi bac si cu'a 119 hay t)N benhvien td. sq clutm s0c y te tai nha thtIOng (Iddc thinh cho r*)tvan desd4c bit hdn 1i meit su' khdrn stk khoe tag (pat.Cac van de'dldinh chan không the'dia tri dnhavacandddc diêi tri dtkii ski chm soc lien tuc cu'a bac si thi se'ddbcdieti tri tai nhki thang.
Diéi tn tai nhai ththing rat dai den vã da se) inhit thddngddi ht3i bling chthg dddrig sd cd the'tnt tiefi dti4 khbng,(chang han nhil baO hiein stk khoe, hay Medicaid) tni'dc khichaP ri*4'n diéii tri. Tuy nhien thông thddrig co mdt nhaththing trong Ong thing se chap nh4n...benh nhan kheing the'trzi du'dc nhiéü tiefi hay cah nliiéü thdi gian hdn de'tra.
e. clich vu y & cj cch;
Ncu cd tradn-g hdp caf) ctiti thi co nhiln-g CO sci ti morcdng (1(34 de'10 viec miy. Thi'du, neii ban di ra ngoai de'mua sant va ban hi te va h thudng d.chan, phari nhieti bansdrdddc dda deh phdng cap cdu ti'nhd thdo'ng hdi dnh
Nhting dich vu car; cat; cd the' khais nhau it nhied taimoi cong dthig. Khi ban den cOng Sing mai cu'a ban, do lam6t {kien hay de'ho'i ngddC had trd hay nhan vien dinh cumt) ta cac dich vu ndy vá ca'ch xt dung. Cdc dich vu thtingtht1Ong
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1 Phang cai) cuat; cu'a nhi thtiOng ThOng thubligphOng c&p cthi lám viec 24 gid-n* nga-y. Ningddi.benh hay ngtlet b thuUng co the'di &Richay neit cd xe sari van nha- thuling khOng quit xa,cgch hay nhgt 107111a ngtiOr do' (MA thafig phOngciO ci3i. KhOng phii tit ce cgc nhá-thlidng debco phâng caP cal, do dd nen kiein sogt tnidc khicd nhu
2) Cdn sd y te'*MOt acOng (Wig cd nhdrig don vica'n sui y te'seden t4n nha va giup dd dipHo sethu xeb cho ngedi binh di nha thil6ng neucan'. Wc daU ca'n sd kheing phdi li hdc si, hodd,Oc hun luy"@i de' lo cc trdOng hOp cabVi ho the'den tdn nha-, hay ndi xdv ra tai nan
, P.7
mqt cach nhanh chong, ho co the du cid&ralnhied sinh m4ng khOng uag mang.SO dien thoai cho cap cüli k goi canh sat hay cdnsu' te'(thOdrig ld-sei 911 hay,s6 0), can d* eatgid ngay cunh dien thodi. ACac sei nd'y cd thCgoihdt cdluc nao ngay hay dem. Khi h(2 ocah ten,dia chi, va mot mci ta ngan gon veIodi van de-(chatig hdr! nhd "kluing th(' dukic"). Mt sO cOng
dong co tinh lè phi'cho loai dich vu nay.
3) Xe ctli; cdu' Da sii'cOng, (long c(c xe cai) ctIU.Thdng thddrig xe cap cdu thaw tu' nhiln vd cotinhtien Sau khi dich vu dthic cung henhnhdn mdi'tra tien. ThOng thden'ig car dich vu xecdr; cdd co' se dien thoai da-c hi't;t co'the'gQi hat
nd-o ng4,hay,dein. Khi gyi hc.) s': cal; e.l'c
dd kien dOi vdi cdn y te.
47
Trung tam Kiem soat Doc chdt Tai vdi diaphdOng co> !mit sodien tb4 da-c hit de'gcii deinneti nhtf ai nnOt' phai vdt ,1 dc. Nêti 4., i vaciting co the'mo tz; dadc, trung tam se- cc; the chiclan cdch cha tri nan nhan.
94 S
f. lha si
cd nhdrig nha si tu'vd berth vien nha khoa ho4t Ongtrong men du'dfig 161 tdOng tu' nhd cc dich vu y ta: Cc dichvu nha IChoa cong rat hieni. Thông thuag hen tnlOe lacâR
Viec chain sdc rang cci the'it'ddi hdn d'dc benh viengiang th.ty nha khoa ngoai
g. Thanh todn ale dich vy y te'vci nha y
Tien ,tra di.ch vu y te'khdc nhau tai cac ndi kink nhautrong midc. Dd. ra-tig dich vu y te'kheing can thiet mbithang, Mang quan trong h1 de'thinh tien cho dich vu yte mot thang khi Idnh Iddng. La adich vu y te'tai M)7 cungcdb 1)3i cac achde hay cd nhán tinh tien cho nhdfig dichnay. Tien le phi'bao,gOin den trd,cho bac si, y ta, thubC
A.men, dung cu y te'xd dyng vá chónáti diêi tri tai cd sd'yChihh pita khng trd cap Cho cac to'chde hay cd nhan do, dodo' ho can phdi trang trai cho tai cd cac phi' khoan va-cungcho viec kithn Idi nL
De'dddc bao chi phi've-dich vu y te'va nha y, nhieringu cd baO hieen. Bao hieni hI mCn ha trong ddngddi ta dong,.tien hang thang cho nt(*it cong ty bao
khi ngddi ta/benh, cong tyibSo se,trd tdi cd haymc)t phail Cho cac dich vu y té va nha y. Bao hieht co; the'dtkic cung Ltng bdi chu nhan. Hay Id cac Cii nhan cd the tdmini] mua ba'o hién. Ba'o hieht cung tinidng bao ludn cho
ngddi trong gia
quan trong bao hieht pha'i (Id&tthing tan. ThLidhg mAt chi phrcho dich vu y te'phhi trAtrthie bdi/cd nhan. Roi cong ty Exio hieht_se trd phati can lai.Khiing phdi tat d CILC loai van dè y deu ddOc bao bdi hdohint. Neu ban muOn mua hieht ta; ban Incy hoi chdnhan hay nOdi bah ad.
Cling cd the'trd dich vu y te'bthig tien mat. Tuy nhiend61 vói b4nh 4ng, de'da-nh cua mOt ngddi-cd the'bi tieuhet r nhanh. sô'bdc benh \;ie:n ddimt mqc &au co bab hiehi sde kho.j. Nhd vjy dtking st) see.flop urkhai (claim hay bill) chosdng ty bdo hin. Rtii-cOngty bab hian se-,tra ki cho ngaii a.); tat cd hay mqt phah s6tieh dd- chi phi cho dich vu y te:
M4 &hi dchvq y te'vd nha y rai ke'm tai Hoacd nhieu cach d'edoi_phd; ngoaii ra can co cich vu ddqc cungLrh1;. nhdiig ngddi du'qc huan luyen de'giu'p thrirong dstradrig hap ca0 cal chag han nhu' khi con ban hdt thinh linhbenh trong dem. Nen nhd' 1á drip sat ai thVgiu'p ban trongtrOdni hcip,naj. yd. trong mdi tinh ca adien thoai cdunul ban phai nh trong tirih trang cab cdo.
3. CHINH PIIil VA LUAT PIMP
Hcip Chiing QuaC I boa Ky 1I mclt i1Lc C nhied str traingdOc. Ve'v4t,thé; miy hao mini mot vulig dia 1 rang
va din churl?, khac nhau ve van hoh va,,chung tOc. N,Igaytd Hop Chung Quoc Hoa Ky da ki mot lanh tho'v(ii cdcChung toc vd vip ho'a khAc nhau. Trong cac thap nien viqua cac cuoc mu day ve chmh tr! va kmh t6iWnhijii nOi tralnthe'gibi dar.dtla nhiii npOi ti nan tai quO'd gia mty, ta-do tang them sd pha tron,chAg tOc vii vzth hoa. Ai codinh sinh sg tai dziy phai chlib nhan sinh sruig va lain viectrong mi)t m6i da chdng, vl qin hoa da nguyen.rOng ldridia d U, va.qin hoa da loai cu'a I lap Chiing Qaic.bloa Ky trgc ti4) ahh hating da;ii cd x'i hii, chinhkinh té'cua hack miy.
Hap Chung QuOc' !boa Icy gSr 50 ti(3C, hang vz-i- Qu'an('olumbia ththing pi 1i Washington, D.C. (thd do Iloa ThinhD6A). Khoang cach td ha bijn hjn mly qua h6n kia nhi6i1hdn 3,000 d4m (1 (him 1.0 km) va khoaii_s caich tit Bil.6xuong Nam vao khoan 1,600 dzim. Tram giai dat Ring !an
96 100
huii h3i ca'c khi'hiu, va cc chu'ng 1oti ngutiidéü cd.
Cu Oc sUg dO thi My cung u'ng inot chon iu'a rbrigsOfig, Verndi trifdfig, nhdng vi-1)%d6dd,*nd
thu hdi sd nohiern chinh tdn trong cac luth leAvi king baodung rdng rai trong v* chip nhim Va tiih hieu tat nhiachung tdc, vá cac nhom sic din khac nhau.
a. 03 cal; chiCili tn
Phin na-y se-cho, ban men di nhiri tenig, gua't vcdcâôhicnh ctia chinh phu N/17. That,la kho CO the"gii
thiCh chi tiet. B4n phai uJ lain quen vol he thenigMY-sau khi ban den HOp Chung Qube Iloa
114 Ching Queici floa K iü mot COng Ho-a Lien Bangnzrm 1789 vi chit nen mong tren,mdt Hien Phip
thanh vtin, hi Lu'at tdi thddng cua di mfdc,n'ay. Hien phapchia quyeli lac giikr ha ngimh cua chitih phu Haiih phap,
phap phaP va moi nganh du'Oc dai dien ifbacftp chinh phu: lien bang, tieu bang vzZ dia phildng.
Lien billig, TOhg thohg vu ii ca/c cau tha-nhnanh hzinh phap; Quoc h(?i, Ohl Thde). 11a
vien tao thtnh 1.4p,phap; va Toi Cao Phap Vien ciingvdi caC to'a Ii6n hang cilp chlOi la ngnh Tt? Phap. Chinh phulien,hang quyei ,dinh,chinh such, giao, qh6C thuZ!"
khoa vi cac chinh such rcnig Ion trong lanh vtic n6ng nghiep,kinh doanh, lao va thiidng mai.
Tai cap Fiji' bang. ThCnig dOc/: di die!) 111Jh Ii hdnh."phap, va Quoc hQi net, hang va T6i cao Php vijn diaphthing vu ca'c toil tie?' bang cif) dic'n hai nganli kia.CaC vtui de giao duc:, ve-ruciu va thue'tieil bang 1z1 nhingthi du ve-vie7c quvet dinh tieil hang.
97
Tai câ dia phth3ng, Thi trdag (hay hdnh phdp tinhhat) ththThg dai din habh phap; Hi (Ring Thi xl hay Ht)idting Tiith hi hip phi;p; vti To-a Thi xa hay T6a tifih IS ttfphap. Cdc vain de-nhd skl bab ve cult dnh sat, phong hda vay ding cOng dth)c quyei dinh d'cO dia phdo'ng.
Tai ha caP chinh phti, quyeii hic det-i dtiOc phfin chia. S!.1
phan chia quyen hic thachig chick desc4p de'n nhti, Id he' thOng"quart binh yd. krem sodt." Teing thiyng co quyenquyet rpOt d4o luat do Qub'c Hoi Neu quyet, nht,Ing QacFIO,i co quyeii bac phil quyet ctla Tag thOng neu hôi da 2/3tOng so phiett.
b. Da;Ig phai chia tri vas
kitip Cluing QutiC Floa Kji cd he thong da ddng rn4c du-hai dang C khuynh hthing ngdAtri tren dien quek gia.13ail cd'ddcw tO'chdc/Wca ha cap chinh phit va m9i vj trichinh tri. dthic htti ra, ngoai trti dc thSnh vien cu'd ToiCao PhaR Vien va ctia cc Tolt lien bang cap dthii do T9ngthông chi dinh. Môt anhai qinh cdc nhan vat di.16c chi dinhphai dtidc Ththylg vien dOng y.
c. Ta do trong Wing phdp Iwit
La mot ngdoi,ti 114n sOrig Hpa K)7., ban sj- hiMiignhiêti quya can ban nhti rnoi ngtAii ming )(3 M. Diéi dOgal sd doi xtl'aing hang trdot phap luat. Mtidi tuddi] cia Hieh Phdp Floa KY. diTqc gQi 1S Cong Dan Ouyen daco hieu ttinarn 1791. Trong cac UI do ciing dan, Ccingthin quyen Imo darn:
TtI do ngOn juanTti do t-)(o chi'Tti do tOn gizioIu do h6i hop.
ban. M9i ,ngWi, bat ke anh hddr?g, gidu co haycluyen the rasao ail co thhi xet xd vd truy to neu phd ngddi Ay vi phamluat. Do d6 diü quan tr9ng hi ban phai co; mOt hie Hetcd-n ba'n vrguyeri Iç3i va nghia vg eng nhi hi cdc dieln chinl!
Luat Hoa K. KhOng biei hay cho rang khOng hit ve:mcit luat nhai dinh nab s'e kliing laTh cho ban chide miêi truytO neu nhd ban vi pham ludt dy.
1) Cdc Luat Lien bang Ludt lien bang dp dung chorn(i ngAl song trén quoC.gia nay. Thi du LuatLien bang lien guan gen che d laii vie:c cam chivijc mdon hojc sa thai can cd tren ching toe,ngua go(1.: quOC gia, hay tdn gido.
2) Cdc Luat bang Ludt tieil bang dp dung chotthi-g tieti hang cd piet rn(jt, vl thay (161 tiftiedbang nay sang tieu hang khac. Thi di, trong rni)tso tieu bang, luat buóc kham xe hdi môt hay hai
ndm, nhOng 'mdt bang khac luatchi a h(')i kham xe khi mua hay ban. The le hixe culig thay d6i,td tieli bang nay sang Oa bangkhac. 0.'möt so tial bang, ban cd the'W balig Iai
xe d'woi 16; (3 nicit so:tieti bang kha'c, ban, buOcphai 18 tuoi.Nhied tie6,bang an di.nh tuol wifigru'9'u I 18 tuoi., tieu bang khdc21 tuoi.
3) Ludt dia phtleing Ludt dia phdOng ab dung chomot thOd ho4c tin Ii cdbiet nal). Thi'du, luatphan vung fu dinh %/Ling nao cLia thi xa hoac cattinh ditcc xedung vao viec xay diing nha'd Vavung ndo danh cho kinh doanh hay thdo'ng mai.
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1 1
e. Trd giup phap
116it ban hi kei tai ye'nuit phamnSo d'MY, bandthic suy doan 1a vo t6i.cho dêii khi chdn,g minh cladc,htpham teii. Ban eci quyen cd su'dai di& ban trddc t6a.
ban khijpg c6 kha mihg mabit mbt 1u4t sd ui, toA hu6cphai cung cap rmitluat sd cho ban. Neu han cd mot yin dFphap ban khong cluTh sao j.)a'o claim duoc dich vucda niot luat'sd, ban h4 lien lac vdi H6i HOr-tr()'Phaf31)1*(Legal Aid Society) trong tifth cu'a ban hay (3 'miit thi xagait ban.
f. Thi hdith luiit Iç v an ninh cy5ng c6ng
Ca'nh sth chiu tra'ch nhi6m Va:viec thi habit luat pha'phal) dm an ninh xa h6i. Hil'cung giub clan chuing trong cdc
. 2 -viec kdrn quan trpng hdn, nhd la" chi dildng cho nhdtig ai hilac va (14) tag cac truVing 14 cap cat.
r I.Mac dau tgi pham va. hio dc co o My, ty le ti phamthay dtiiAren toa-n qu6C. Du cho ban d'dau, !Ian ang phaico nhdrig than..tr9ng can hats uhu Ia khoa cda nha va xe hoi,khong hao id mang nhieti tic'.n mat trong ngdoi, va biet ccviing tu;o nen tianh di ve dem.
p1Trong khi chuven toi dm diem dmh cd, ban phai chue 1 1 .trong cleit viec bao cac vat co gia cua
,ban. Ke'ca`pI co
tht!'n* thilY sd' kitting quen thdic, ctia han d61 móitrOcing chung quanh. Ban can than clang bay rea, mangtheo hoac alai d'phiing khach sari nhaig clô- nu' trang co'
pgia,tr! hoac so nen kin., 1 honAg thdOtsig ban co the yeu calcap,cho hien lai khi gdi cac yat nhd vay sat cua hanquan ly khach san,trong thOi gian ban d lai kha'ch san.,dinh cd nhaig,mon cd gia tri co the'clddc gid tai tit sa't d'ngan haiig vdi le phi tddng khong dii va cid& gidlirimOt cach kih cla'o.
1(.4100
Trong trddhg hOp ban can sd gidp dd, khong nen ngaiingai keu cgnh sat. SO' ciTh bdo la 911 trong da so' th xii. Taida So ndi, ban khdrig dal tien (WO sO'thi di hI dien thoaial' hay cong. Nleii ban khong biei siVcanh sth dia phtiOng,ban c6 thequay a"0" va dien thoai yien se thong bao cSnhsth; Neil ban khong ndi Anh van, chi cah noi "Help" (Caacu'u) hoz`tc "Emergency" (Cap alit) vá thhig cu'p (lien thoai.Dien thoai bd trông nhd vay se cho Nei ban dung d'dau.
4. TON Ghlb oo) HOA KY
TO'cluic' ton giao bao gid-cung thing mot vai tro quantroim trong dOi song My Ta'm trong,13 thu6c dia nguyenthuy da- dddc thanh ISp rpot phan b6i nhdiig ngthi trot') chayvi hi thin ap ton giao d'Au Chau.
TT-Lich Cdch Mang M9-, mcii thucic dia thiei lap he thôngphap I xá hOi va tein gido cthi chinh 119. Rap theo khuon9"tu Au Chau, mot so'tieti hang drt thief 1Sp cac daolu4t dudai mot hay nhieii tOn giao. Tuy nhien v8i Cach Mang, cacthunc dia hop lai vOi nhau de tao ra mot quoc gia miváchon mOt Hien Phap Lien bang ap dung cho moi ngdOi.MdOi tu chinh dab ctia Hien Phdp thiOc menh danh hi CongDan Quyen dthic chdf) nhan nSin 1791. Tu chinh ddicult I()tu chinh bab daln tt.! do tOn giLio cho ngtThi M9;- va td do thietlap sd phan Het tddng quan gida nha thd va nha nC1OC taiHOp Chiing QuOC I boa K9. Dia nay qui dinh ning "QuOCHoi không (lacy lam bat co luat nab ton trong inOt t(inhay ngan cam tu' do hat-1h dam"
Nam 1947, !dot trong nhdrig quyei dinh khuon mãti, vuEvans clthng I3an Ougn Tri Giao Duc, Tôi Cao Phap \lienda ra mot gitii thiCh dien ve-inghirt thdc tieri cU'atu chinh thif nhat:
,"Khoan 'Dinh che'ton cu'a tu chinh thtf nhat conghir tol nhd sau: Chinh phu hang ding nhdlien bang khOng thick thiei lap nha th(3.- Khöng thick
t's 5 101
thong qua dc,daoAldat Oh) mCit ton gido, gidp moi temgiao hay du dai mot tOn giab na'y hdn tOn gido khdc.KhOng Ude buOc, hay Ah hddiig bai cii ai de'di rtha'thd, hay trnh..xa nhá thd-chOng lai ); chi' cu'a ngddihay buOc ngdbi á rao g&ig king tin, hay Ish Ong tin vaobat cd'mOt tbn gido nab. Kn Ong ai bi triing tri vi gidgiii haysao giang nia tin On gido hay khOng tin Ongiio, vi xem le hay khOng xem 1ê KhOng dddc thu thue'chi bao nhieu tien, ldri hay nini de'yein trd bai cd'hoatdOng ton giab na-o.hay dinh che'dtIddo'c goi nhe the'nab, mang bâi cti hiñh tht/C nab d'e cO the'dat tdi hayhinh xd'tOn gido. Chinh phd Tia bang culig nliti Lienbang khOng ddspc, cOnig khai, hay bi'm4t tham gia v,a`ocOng viec cu'a bat al to chtiC tOn giab nab hay nhomnio .ya ngildc lai. Theo nen tecua Jefferson, thi-khoan chOng liii viec thabh 14p ton gido bdi'lu4tnhaTlit dubg len `rnOt bi3d tdag ng.sin cdch gidld Nha ThZivã Nha Ndd'c'."
a. Ton gido trong dot sông floa
TOn giab CO vai trO trong dai dtsi; vdi ngddr MyThgziynay, v h hei moi ngddi aefi d'trong tO'chtIC ton gido. MOtcuoc thdiTl do ni'm 1980 ve-danh xting td dch dodh vien chothily td dch tOn giab cu'a nhiin dan Hoa
Dai da so" nhan dan Hoa Kci an lien v8i hai nhanhchinh cu'a thién chtia giao: Tin Lahh vã COng Giab.
D,o Thai Giab, datig hang thdba trong sO'cac ton, giáothe gidi tai Vdi trieu tin do; cOng (lag Do Thai GiaoMy'dOng nhat the'gidi. Cd ba nhinh, Bab thti 42%, Chitihthag 28%, vd Ci cdch 30% dtidc phuc vu tai trem 4,000 nha-thd Do Thai Giao khai) nd&
MOt it"tin d0s1161 Giaio bai (Jail di dan sang My'vdo
gida the'q 19. Mat siVkhac di clan them ntia-val) cdc namgTh day dila dan Giab len hdn 400,000 ngt161.
Den cac nL'im On day ngddi Nh4t d California vaI lawaii da tama cOng (long Phat giab chinh d M Vai liiming cda ngulOi ti nan Ding Nam A trong th4p nien %/Uzi qua,
cdc cOng (Wig nd'y clang manh vá nhii cOng dOrig Ph:atgiao khdc ii dlic3c thiet lap tren khai) nadc. C)ng dOfig AndO cdng cung Ohiéti ndi tai Hoa K trong cid cac ngt16idi an td An d tdi dinh cd. Deri thd-dao BAHAI da- cid&thiei !Sp tai nhieti de) thi
nam trong lahh vac diph ca n4dditi nn. Chiiih phi) Hoa IKY
cho phep ngUñi ti nan nhap canh nhang cac cd quan thiennguyen dinh cii ho, cung car') mc:it phan tai trO cho gafig
cua cac cd quan thien nguyen. Nhii cd quan thien nguynve-dinh cu' co lien quan den nha thd vd d4t an ban hoat(N.ing cu'a ho tren tinh th:in ton giao de' tiel) ddn v giupcdc ngadi mdi den vac) xa hoi. Qua cac ddn xep cc; tinh th;Inccing tac gida chinh phd Va cd guai . thien nguyen, ha-rig tri(3.0ngOiti nan dIdti'dc tai dinh cu tai Hoa va dildc cho ruracd hCii de lain la) cwic ddi:
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BA kedefi lien hi tOn cuA cd Ivan thien nguyenbao trd, hay bat cd'nha thccriab, nha thd Do Thai nab, nficilmnio hay cd nhan giu'p dd, ban nen cam thiY hoah tan tt! dode' hinh xtetOn gia6 cu'a ban tai Hoa ky Neil ban hcii caCngdedi gi,tip ban dinh c gh cho ban lien lac la dai dienton giab cua ban, ho se ra't vui long
B. Kg 1u4n
Trong chu'Ong nay, nhieil démuc phdc tap lien quanden dich vu, bah ve va- trAh nhiern ma ngddi tinan phaidddng tai Hoa Kji dddc bin deli, Ngddi Ilan CO
td do vi bib v4' trddC lu4t nhtl coing cianHoa K trd-viec ho kheing cO quy:eii bâü cd'va" bi gidi hntrong mdt ald-nh vdc nhtf l xuat rig* hay qu'in dich, Dôilai ngddi nan phai lanh trach nhiem cho chihh ddisag.;cua ho, quan trong nhat la qua viec lám va viec hoc cingsari cdng
Che'dô chiiih tri. tai M tinh vi va nhiéü ngdôr MY. c6the' khong Khi ngddi q n4n trd'thanh quenthuik v8i he thag nay, (lac biet nêi.i ho chon quOé ti.chho idnh cid& rni)t sd hie?' hiet hdn ve-cac tap tuc phAp lyva chinh tri. alih hddhg den ho nhd the-nab,
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CHI/ONG VI
NHUYVG Mil CAN BIgi' TRONG DOI SONG HANG NGAY
A. Hdl THA-M Ded1VG
A,Neu ban bi lac hay call chi'daft, ddiig ngah ngai ti6k xdc
vC3i nhdig ngti6i.tren dadfig pho"de'xin giup, tai tram xabg,hay tai cuâ tiem. Themg thublig ngudi ta than thien va sgisal-1g ghip dX' Trong tnidrig hcip cal') edit', ban cO the'noingmi)t xe ca'nh sat, hay nhd-nglitii náo goi he? cdnh sth de'xingiub
B. Gaii RICA, MANG THEO
Ban phai luOn luein mang rnOt bkin sao cu'aThe 1-94.Ban cling phat ludn luOn mang theo ten, dia cht vd se) dienthoai cda cd quan thien nguyn ctia ban. Neil ban khOng ntidtidc Anh van, hay mang theo dia chi cu'a ban hay dia chicu,d ngt16i ma ban muôii di tharn.
C. XE HOI
Khi deh Hoa Ky, ban seThhan thaji rig xe hdithLIC di chuyeh phi-ithOng niat. Viec mua mi)t xe hdi 1i mOtkhoan chi phi ldn them vkio dd cah nhai phi ciin4 them tiefitdo hiefn. Ban khong du'dc Idi xe hdi mi chaa 1y tnrrig ldi
xe vá bab hierh.
D. KI Sei DI-eN THOAI
Néi ban khdng thOirh ra mtit sd'dien thoqi, harY quays6411 de'xin vdi cdc tin tuic' ngoai khu vdc diaphthing harY quay sir 1-(s6" khu vqc)-555-1212. TrUtiC khi cd
105
,rdien thoai chinh hat}, lain quen voi vi tn cua dienthoai corig Ong gâñ nhAl khu Imin Iuôn gid
dien thoai câñ thiei cho cdc trddig hdp cá etki.
E. VAT UOIVG ROU
rdclu dildc tieu thy d'Floa Ky nhdng cO nhieriludt qui dinh viec ban vã xd 'dung. Coe 1,41 nary thaydia phtiOng niy sang dia phaông khacvi dvai ndi fat cha'tche: Crmoi ndi d floo K)7, Idi xe di1di dnh htlOfig cu'a rildu 1a7mOt trong t61. 17din nhu' v4y co the'dda den ngbi td, tiêñ'That vd/hay mat hdrig Idi xe. Tre em kh6ng dddc 1164 rdduchp dan khi,chdpg 18, 2Orhay 21 tutii tusy teo dia phdo'ng,cling nhti cac.tre em dtRii ca'c tu61 ndy khong..dtiqc mua rddut4i Wern. Khong hao gid la hdt lish sii khi tu' chOi ming rddutoi My
F. Li[L6/ AV'S(/' VA XLiNG THoNGTHUONG
Ngtioi Myr cci khuynh hthin'g kh6ng nè thdC. Trong giaoten rieng thdaig dc (thay. Trong
kinh doanh tan ho thddrig dOc dung. dd.c hik trtldc sd gióithieu chinh thile. Nhii gia'm thi vd da sti'nfldrig ngd6i culigkau vkc cd thZ?thieh dtidc goi bzi-ri ten Hang. Nhdrig danh
.
hieu nghé-nghiep nhd Li "Tien si" finking ddOc thinh cho cactrthIfig hOp chUth thdC. Nu cd61 rat quan trong va dtidc dungtrong viec chdo hoi han h vi ngda la.
G. VA'N DE MENG TI.?-
Nglidi My dat sd rieng td nhan möt vi tri cao. . ,khcing ne t1id6 Id 161 se)hg caa ho. NOM ta it khi
thztim vieng nhau ma không goi dien thoai hao track vd dthic
flu
Cc viil de-tal clinh thidc coi la" rieng tu'. Bi coi likhOng lich 4 khi hOi ai kiein dadc bao nhieu hay c16 muaOa, xe ... bao nhieu.
H. Gllic-DLiNG GIo'HEN
Thdi gid'dddc th.(t2h)gid rif cao. Ngadi Mye-co'gahgdu'ng hen va tiling chd d ngddi, khac sg thing hen. Gide-thinghen 1 chii thief trong cuOc sOng td rieng, hay xA- hOi. Neilban khOng de'nghi gid hen, tradC khi dell thaln va-11. phang,ban cd tkhOng dt.c tiep Va neU ban khemg gillfe l thick thinghen, hay tien lieu chap hdn 15 pluit, ban pill:a gqi dien thoaivgidi thiCh 6i gi da la-rn ban pill ldu lai.
I. VAN DEHdT THUO''C
Nhieil ngddi Mi-kheing hu't thut3C vd 119 cd the etrôngclurngtlarkhac tij che ht.it thac tai nha hq hay ndi Um viec.Cung co nhieil nkc Ming vii các nbi c6ng cOng klitic,nhd xehujit cOng cOng cam ha thac hay chi'cho hilt thu6c d'rnOtkhu vdc thOi.
J. 14: SINH CA' NHAN
Da sO'ngddi MYtz.trh ha-ng/nga-y, th;nh rae-ng it nhat haila mOt ngiy, thddiig gOi (la vOi thuôc gOi dau va giat quaillio luim. Co ca tra-m loai saIn phai'n thuoe tzlY hOi, thuoicsach mieng, thuoc gOi dAu vd thuOc gi;it taji chic hi@ thldcpba che cho clic muc tieu miy.
K. CHO U61 'TIP"_
Themg le ld 15% tiefi "tinP" tren hda don cho Nadi haubdn trong,nha hang hay tai xe ta-xi. HaY hOi ngddi bdo trOdOi veil cac dich vu khdc xem den "tiP" hao nhieu thi thiCh
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I 1 1
hcip. Kt-161-1g chide dtia tkñ tiP hay tiéii,mt cho nhan vienca'nh sat hay Kit cvin chtth chinh phu nao de'cam On sagiup
L. CA.CH VIZ:f CON So'
So m(?t thi1Ong viet vdi gach thang. Ngthii MY-viei "I"cha klimg phai "1".
So bay ththirig vieti không co gach ngang: "7" chd không
11zing traM ddn v dthic da'nh dii pluiy thay vi chârn, thi'du: 5,600 kh6ng phai 5.600.
S6 le viet vdt düu chfim thay vi phay, thi du: 9.85khong phai 9,85.
M. fif: ThioAIG 111:71 BAC
1-li ";. thcing tieti te Hoa Ky dt tren d6-1a. MZ,A
penny (one cent) Li ddn v gidtri nho nhal 01 100 centsr.trong m6t do-la. Danh sach sau day la lo4i don vi tijn My.
1. Tien kim lo4i
Penny (I cent) lc hay $.01
Nickel (.) cents) 5c hay $.05
Dime (10 cents) 10c hay $.10
Quarter (25 cents) 25c hay $.25
Half dollar (50 cents) 50c hay $.50
One dollar (100 cents) $1.00
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112
Tia zift'y
Mcit dO-la ($1.00)
Hai do-la ($2.00)
Ndin do-la ($5.00)
MIMI do-la ($10.00)
Hai midi de).-la ($20.00)
Nam mdcii dO-la ($50.00)
Wit trtim do-la ($100.00)
Hai do-la va ha mde)i cent dddc viei la $2.30.
N. HIE THCI;VG DO LIkICIG
1. Dadiig tharig
1 mile= 1,790 yards= 5,280 feet= 1.609 Km.
1 yard= 3 feet= 91.44 cm.
1 foot= 12 inches= 30.48 cm.
1 inch= 2.54 cm.
2. -Do dien tiCh
1 square mile= 640 (american) acres= 258.999 ha
1 acre= 43.6 square feet= 4.8 square yards=0.405 ha.
..,TET DUONG LICH, 1 Thdng Gieng Ngdy lerphdp dinhIli& tOn trcmg d'tii ca cdc tieti bang.
.., ,NGAY SINH NH:AT TIEN SI LUTHER KING, 15 ttangGieng Ngdy ac biet navOnvinh nIfd 1anh dao vidai ye'nhan quyéh la mOt nga'y 1e quO,c gia dddc tOn trong d'moitiéu bang.
SINH NH 'i.kT LINCOLN, 12 Thdng 2 ngdy nghi'phdp dinhtai nhieii den bang.
VALENTINE'S DAY, 14 TI-n;ng 2 Keo, boa va bangcluing khdc aid thddng yeu dddc trao dbi trong ngay.
,SINH N142;T WASHINGTON, Thu' 'Hai trong tug] thd 3trong thdrig, 2, de a'tOn vinh nha 14 qu va Id TOrig thagda tien cua Hoa K. DO Id niCA ngdy Ièr.phdp dinh trongha he't cdc deli bang.
PASSOVER, al 5 deh 13 Tha'ng 4 Ngiy 1(cu'a Do Tlu;i*&Mc gqi la' Lertii Do. Tildrig niem cuetc di dm cda din DoThai td'Ai-Cip va' thot khdi nil le'.
7 0. iMOTHER'S DAY Chu nho thu
t2 cua
7 ThaP
ng 5.
SHAVUOT, 26-27 Thing 5 Le'bo Thii tddrig nhO'ngiyban 10 Dia I4nh va todn kinh Torah.
MEMORIAL DAY Chi.; nlAt cueii cu'a Thdrig 5, tOn vinhca'c chieb srtrin vong. Nay Indy khdi'daii tecubc doichien.
FLAG DAY, 14 Th&ig 6 Ngay lraing dth)c tan trong a'mcit so'tieL bang q niem ngay chon hi cds(Sao va Soc) NCIOA HOi rm 1777.
FATHER'S DAY Chi] nh4t tht.i'3 cu'a Thzfrig 6.
INDEPENDENCE DAY (LCDOc L4p), 4 Thdng 6 Ngiyle lua:t dinh dadc ton trong trong talt ca cdc tia bang. KYniem tuyen ngOn thic 14p ntim 1776.
LABOR DAy. Tin? 'Hai daii cu'a Tha'ng 9. Npiy tan vinhcang nhan My. Nay nay thildfig &Cnh da6 charn dill nghi'he-. DO ld ngdy 1Fphdp dinh dusdc a chdé tkti tai cd cac tiabang.
ROSH HASHANA, 16-17 ThiMg 9 Tei Do Thdi.
YOM KIPPUR, 24-25 Thaing 9 Ngdy pghilDo Thdi dthicciLfrih da6 bacau nguyen, nhin ziii va sam h'C')i.
SUCCOTH, td 30Tha'ng 9 deli 7 Thdng 10 Ngdy lerDo ,Thdi danh daU ngay mat va- lerhOi Tabernacles. Ngay thd 8cua Succoth chick Nest la Shemini Atsereth.
SIMCHAR TORAH, 6 ThLfrig 10 Lerbo Thai ta vinhTorah.
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COLUMBUS DAY The Hai tud'il thtif hai Thdng 10, de'tddfig nhd'sd kluim ph::i ra Chau MY cu'a Columbus nim1492. DO l ngdy le phdp dinh d'nhieti deli bang.
HALLOWEEN, 31 ThaIng 10 MOt ngay dac bie't khi trecon va ngddi ldn hoa trang va thim vieng ldi xdm, go- cda xinkco. ho không nhan dddc qua 119 cd the' phdn Wig bagcach dua
_
ngh!.
ch vo.
VETERAN'S DAY, 11 Thdng 11 tO'chtl detOn v,inh cduchién binh. Day Id nt?)t ngdy le phdp dinh d'haii het cdcbang.
THANKSGIVING DAY (II-T4 On) Thddrig 1a thu 'Ndbi1E1 thnd troag Tha'ng 11. 114Ot ngay Irtrong dz,ti deThdi len
u...1 On cu'a ngtiOi M dbi vdi sçi phong phii cda dat dai.Bda. dn 'Thanksgiving la mOt tiec gOln cdc auk' án truyeiithông cua Mynhu g tgy, khoai thy ngot, h va bi Daycung la thoi gian gia dinh sum hop. Truy"en thohg cho rabgIrnay dddc td"chde'bdi cdc ngtlöi dàü pen den lap nghiep.Ddy la mOt ngay Ir phap dinh trong tat ch cdc tin bang.
CHRISTMAS DAY (le'Giang Sinh), 25 Thdng 12 M8tngdy lerluat dinh va ton/giab dddc ton tr9ng O'tai ca cac ticubang. Ton vinh nglty giang sinh ctia Chda Jesus Christ.
*Tdi cd cc LfDo Thdi daii vao Iujc mt trOi_hinvdo ngay hOrp trd6c ngay ilva ket thtic v.do rnctt trdi lancaa ngay cuoi cung/ngay Cdc rway le D9 Thai thay doimoi ram vi can cd \gib lich Do Thai kha'c vOi lish xedung taiMy
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C H 11 el N G VIII
CAC CO QUAN THIEN NGUYEN HOA KY-e , -
ChUng toi, hi vong cu6n chi'di'n, niy da tra ldi du'dc mOtsO iquan tam cua b4n. Cluing tOi chuc bp mOt click stingmidi* tho ,i h4nh pink, vbi tti ckich hi cdc ngddi dOi-ighiking MY:-
Chlic mdrig, vi may man!
AMERICAN COUNCIL FOR NATIONALITIESSERVICE ACNS
AMERICAN FUND FOR CZECHOSLOVAKREFUGEES AFCR
BUDDHIST COUNCIL FOR REFUGEE RESCUEAND RESETTLEMENT
CHURCH WORLD SERVICE CWS
HEBREW IMMIGRANT AID SOCIETY HIAS
IDAHO INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE
IOWA REFUGEE SERVICE CENTER
INTERNATIONAL RESCUE COMMITTEE IRC
LUTHERAN IMMIGRATION AND REFUGEESERVICES LIRS
MIGRATION AND REFUGEE SERVICESUNITED STATES CATHOLIC CONFERENCEUSCC
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POLISH-AMERICAN IMMIGRATION AND RELIEFCOMMITIME PAIRC
PRESIDING BISHOP'S FUND FOR WORLDRELIEF PBF
TOLSTOY FOUNDATION TF
WORLD RELIEF OF THE NATIONALASSOCIATION OF EVANGELICALS WR
