Does every Does every conflict have conflict have

a winner?a winner?

Mini Biography of IrvingMini Biography of IrvingWashington Irving was born in New York City Washington Irving was born in New York City

at the end of the Revolutionary War on April at the end of the Revolutionary War on April

3, 1783. He was the youngest of eleven 3, 1783. He was the youngest of eleven

children.children.

He is best known, however, as the first He is best known, however, as the first

American to make a living solely from writing. American to make a living solely from writing.

He’s known as “the Father of the American He’s known as “the Father of the American

Short Story”.Short Story”.

He wrote the story of Rip Van Winkle.He wrote the story of Rip Van Winkle.

His pen names include Deitrich Knickerbocker, His pen names include Deitrich Knickerbocker,

Jonathan Oldstyle, and Geoffrey Crayon.Jonathan Oldstyle, and Geoffrey Crayon.

Irving's imagination frequently drew upon his Irving's imagination frequently drew upon his

childhood memories of New York State. childhood memories of New York State. 

The fictional Sleepy Hollow is actually the The fictional Sleepy Hollow is actually the

lower Hudson Valley area near Tarrytown, lower Hudson Valley area near Tarrytown,

N.Y.   N.Y.  

In 1830, Irving received a gold medal in In 1830, Irving received a gold medal in

history from the Royal Society of Literature in history from the Royal Society of Literature in

London, and also received honorary degrees London, and also received honorary degrees

from Oxford, Columbia, and  Harvard. from Oxford, Columbia, and  Harvard.

Trained as a lawyer, Irving was active in the Trained as a lawyer, Irving was active in the

field of diplomacy.field of diplomacy.

On November 28, 1859, on the eve of the Civil On November 28, 1859, on the eve of the Civil

War, Washington Irving died at Sunnyside War, Washington Irving died at Sunnyside

surrounded by his family. He was buried in the surrounded by his family. He was buried in the

Sleepy Hollow Cemetery at the Old Dutch Sleepy Hollow Cemetery at the Old Dutch

Church in Sleepy Hollow, N.Y. Church in Sleepy Hollow, N.Y. 

Irving eventually bought a home about 3 ½ Irving eventually bought a home about 3 ½

miles away from the Old Dutch Church. It had miles away from the Old Dutch Church. It had

belonged to a Dutch farmer.belonged to a Dutch farmer.

In June 1835 Irving acquired Sunnyside, a 10-In June 1835 Irving acquired Sunnyside, a 10-

acre estate that lies along the Hudson River, for acre estate that lies along the Hudson River, for

$1800. $1800. 

The Legend of Sleepy The Legend of Sleepy HollowHollow

The Legend of Sleepy The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” is a short story that Hollow” is a short story that

tells the story of an tells the story of an extremely superstitious extremely superstitious

schoolmaster from schoolmaster from Connecticut. The name of Connecticut. The name of the character was taken the character was taken

from an army colonel that from an army colonel that Irving had met, but that is Irving had met, but that is where the similarity ends. where the similarity ends. Colonel Crane was a stout, Colonel Crane was a stout, strong man. The character strong man. The character of Ichabod doesn’t possess of Ichabod doesn’t possess

any of these qualities.any of these qualities.

The Legend of Sleepy The Legend of Sleepy HollowHollow

It is rumored that Colonel Crane was It is rumored that Colonel Crane was extremely upset with the depiction extremely upset with the depiction of his namesake. After publication of his namesake. After publication

he reprimanded Irving for the he reprimanded Irving for the character that carried his name.character that carried his name.

The physical description of Ichabod The physical description of Ichabod Crane in the story, however, is Crane in the story, however, is

taken from a Revolutionary War taken from a Revolutionary War veteran, Samuel Youngs. Youngs, a veteran, Samuel Youngs. Youngs, a

resident of Tarrytown, became a resident of Tarrytown, became a teacher after the war. It is said that teacher after the war. It is said that

Youngs was lean, lanky, and Youngs was lean, lanky, and superstitious, just as the protagonist superstitious, just as the protagonist

in Irving’s famous tale. in Irving’s famous tale.

Disney’s depiction of Ichabod Crane““Even though he is no great Even though he is no great

hero, Ichabod is seen by hero, Ichabod is seen by some as feeling somewhat some as feeling somewhat superior to the residents of superior to the residents of

Tarrytown. Many believe that Tarrytown. Many believe that he felt that his education he felt that his education

made his more worthy than made his more worthy than the people of Tarrytown.”the people of Tarrytown.”

Setting: Tarry Town & Setting: Tarry Town & Sleepy HollowSleepy Hollow

The story is set in a Dutch settlement The story is set in a Dutch settlement called Tarrytown, New York, in the called Tarrytown, New York, in the lonely, secluded valley (glen) of Sleepy lonely, secluded valley (glen) of Sleepy Hollow.Hollow.

Setting: Tarry Town & Setting: Tarry Town & Sleepy HollowSleepy Hollow

The denouement (conclusion) of the story The denouement (conclusion) of the story occurs at a bridge that crosses the occurs at a bridge that crosses the

Pocantico River. It is near the Old Dutch Pocantico River. It is near the Old Dutch Church and Burying Ground in Sleepy Church and Burying Ground in Sleepy

Hollow.Hollow.

Setting: Tarry Town & Setting: Tarry Town & Sleepy HollowSleepy Hollow

““The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” is not the only The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” is not the only tale that was used Sleepy Hollow as its setting.tale that was used Sleepy Hollow as its setting.

In the 1960’s there was a television series In the 1960’s there was a television series called Dark Shadows set at Lyndhurst in called Dark Shadows set at Lyndhurst in

Tarrytown. In the series, this castle served as Tarrytown. In the series, this castle served as the Collinwood estate in the full-length film, the Collinwood estate in the full-length film,

House of Dark Shadows.House of Dark Shadows.

Historical Context: 1900’sHistorical Context: 1900’s

The story was published The story was published in the early 1900.in the early 1900.

The Revolutionary War The Revolutionary War ended in 1783.ended in 1783.

Hessian soldiers were Hessian soldiers were 18th-century German 18th-century German

mercenaries contracted mercenaries contracted for service under The for service under The Crown of the British Crown of the British

Empire.Empire.

Historical Context: 1900’sHistorical Context: 1900’s

Women’s skirts went to Women’s skirts went to the floor. Showing the the floor. Showing the ankle was provocative.ankle was provocative.

Historical Context: 1900’sHistorical Context: 1900’s

Teachers or Teachers or schoolmasters/ schoolmasters/

mistresses were paid mistresses were paid by the community, by the community,

which could afford a which could afford a lot, so they would feed lot, so they would feed and board a teacher and board a teacher

as well.as well.

Historical Context: 1900’sHistorical Context: 1900’sEducation in this time Education in this time

was a luxury. Therefore, was a luxury. Therefore, anyone anyone

having an advanced having an advanced education was seen as education was seen as enviable. In the story, enviable. In the story, Ichabod is said to be Ichabod is said to be

rather popular among rather popular among the ladies because he is the ladies because he is

a “mana “man of letters.” (This meant of letters.” (This meant

he had an advanced he had an advanced education.) education.)

Word Study: Root –tract-Word Study: Root –tract-comes from Latincomes from Latin

-tract- means to pull or drag-tract- means to pull or drag

tractabletractable

etymology: from Latin tractabilis "that etymology: from Latin tractabilis "that may be touched, handled, or may be touched, handled, or

managed“managed“

explain how the root –tract- explain how the root –tract- contributes to the meaning of these contributes to the meaning of these

words: detract, distract, extractwords: detract, distract, extract

comes from Latincomes from Latin

-spir- means breath-spir- means breath

spiritspirit

etymology: from Latin spirare etymology: from Latin spirare “breathe““breathe“

explain how the root –spir- contributes explain how the root –spir- contributes to the meaning of these words: to the meaning of these words: conspire, perspire, respirationconspire, perspire, respiration

Word Study: Root –spir-Word Study: Root –spir-