Dog Diseases and Parasites

Mr. Swartz

Animal Vet Science

What’s Covered?

• Infectious Diseases

• Noninfectious Diseases

• Fungal Diseases

• Internal Parasites

• External Parasites

• Poisonings

Diseases

• Infectious Diseases - – Diseases that are transmittable from animal to

animal– Air

– Bodily Fluids

– Bodily Secretions

– Contact or Exposure

Diseases• Noninfectious Diseases-

– Diseases that are not transmittable from animal to animal

– Caused by natural aging

– Diet

– Health Care

Dog Fungal Diseases

• Fungal Disease - – Fungus is a primitive vegetable

» Mushrooms

» Mold

» Mildew

– Live in air, soil, plants and in water. (some in animals body)

– Only half of fungi are harmful

Internal Parasites

• Internal Parasites– Live inside the host

– Intestines

– Heart

– Circulatory System

External Parasites

• External Parasites - – Live outside the host

– Skin

– Coat

Infectious Diseases

• Canine Distemper– Viral Disease that affects respiratory,

gastrointestinal and CNS– Causes by the canine distemper virus (CDV)

Infectious Diseases

• Canine Distemper “Prevention”– Animals must be vaccinated

– Transmitted mostly by being airborne

• Canine Distemper “Symptoms”– Fever 103-106

– Conjunctivitis and Rhinitis

– Loss of Appetite

– Diarrhea

– Paralysis

Infectious Diseases

• Infectious Diseases– Kennel Cough

• Term commonly applied to upper respiratory problems in dogs

– Tracheobronchitis

– Bordetellosis

– Bordetella

• Bacterial infection

Infectious Diseases

• Infectious Diseases– Kennel Cough “Symptoms”

• Dry hacking cough• Watery nasal discharge• Fever• Lethargy

– Kennel Cough “Treatment”• Mild cases -run course• Severe cases - Medication

– Kennel Cough “Prevention”• Keep your dog away from other, especially pups• Vaccination

Infectious Diseases

• Infectious Diseases– Canine Hepatitis

• Disease of the liver and other body organs caused by the adenovirus.

• Contamination by feces, cages, dishes, hands, etc..

Infectious Diseases

• Infectious Diseases– Canine Hepatitis “Symptoms”

• Coughing

• Cloudy Eyes

• Kidney/Liver Failure “seizures”

• Vomiting

– Canine Hepatitis “Treatment and Prevention”• No specific treatment

• Vaccines to immunize puppies

Infectious Diseases• Infectious Diseases

– Parvovirus• Virus that attacks the gastrointestinal tract of puppies,

and dogs.

• It can also damage the heart muscle of young pups

Infectious Diseases

• Parvovirus “Symptoms”• Lethargic

• Loss of Appetite

• Fever

• Bloody Diarrhea

• Most die within 48-72 hours of symptoms

• Parvovirus “Treatment and Prevention”• No specific drug to kill virus

• Hydration

• Cleaning

• Keeping pups away from fecal matter from others dogs

Infectious Diseases

• Infectious Diseases– Canine Brucellosis

• Disease of the reproductive tract– Female abortions

– Male infections

– Infertility in both sexes

• Spread by breeding

• Dirty conditions

Infectious Diseases

• Canine Brucellosis “Symptoms’• Abortion of litters

• Inflamed epididymis and testicles

• Swollen lymph nodes

• May not show a physical signs

• Canine Brucellosis “Treatment & Prevention’• No vaccine

• Some drugs - not always effective

• Only prevention is to test broodstock

Noninfectious Diseases

• NonInfectious Diseases– So what is a noninfectious disease again?

Noninfectious Diseases

• Noninfectious Disease– Remember

• Most noninfectious disease are caused by– Natural Aging

– Environment

– Diet

– Care

– Genetics

• So let’s brainstorm!– What are some noninfectious disease???

Noninfectious Diseases• Noninfectious Diseases

– Heart Disease• Two Types

– Congenital

– Acquired

• Congenital• Animal is born with it (very rare)

• Acquired• Develops over time

Noninfectious Diseases

• Heart Diseases– So what exactly is happening?

• Chronic Valvular Disease– Heart Valves loose effeiceny

• Dilated Cardiomyopathy– Muscle walls become weak and thin

– What is happen?• Heart Failure

Noninfectious Diseases

• Heart Disease “Symptoms”• Lack of Energy

• Irregular and rapid breathing

• Loss of appetite

• Coughing

• Weakness

• Fainting

• Heart Disease “Treatment”• No Treatment

• Medication

Noninfectious Diseases

• Cataracts– Loss of opacity of eye lenses– Cloudy eye

• Cataracts “Causes”– Most are inherited – UV Light

Noninfectious Diseases

• Cataract “Treatment”– Surgery

Noninfectious Diseases• Hip Dysplasia -

• Abnormal formation of hips

• Degenerative breakdown of joints

• Hip Dysplasia -• Completely genetic and passed down for offspring to

offspring

Noninfectious Diseases• Hip Dysplasia

Noninfectious Diseases• Hip Dysplasia “Symptoms”

• Dog will rather sit than stand

• Slow getting up

• Stiff

• Young dogs– Pups will run with back legs together

Noninfectious Diseases

• Noninfectious Disease– Arthritis

• Inflammation of the joints• Two types: Degenerative and Inflammatory

– Degenerative• Destruction of cartilage that protects the bones

– Stress, dysplasis

– Inflammatory• Causes by infection or immune-mediated disease• Affects multiple joints

Noninfectious Disease

• Arthritis

Noninfectious Diseases

• Arthritis “Symptoms”• Reluctance to walk, climb stairs, jump• Limping• Lagging• Difficulty rising

• Arthritis “Treatment”• Pain Killers• Exercise • Rest• Surgery (in some cases)

Noninfectious Diseases

• Noninfectious Diseases– Cherry Eye

• Prolapsed nictitating membrane (3rd eyelid)

• Hereditary weakness for the connective tissue

Noninfectious Diseases

• Cherry Eye “Symptoms”• Visual redness

• 3rd eyelid becoming visible

• Cherry Eye “Treatment”• Surgical Removal

Noninfectious Diseases

• Noninfectious Diseases– Anal Sac Blockage

• Blocked anal sac glands

• Pimple

• Bacteria

Noninfectious Diseases

• Anal Sac Blockage “Symptoms”• Swollen Anus

• Foul Smell

• Scratching and Biting

• Trouble Defecating

• Anal Sac Blockage “Treatment”• Squeezing the gland on occasion

• Surgical Removal

Noninfectious Diseases

• Review– Heart Disease– Cataracts– Hip Dysplasia– Arthritis– Cherry Eye – Anal Sac Blockage

Fungal Diseases

• Dog Fungal Diseases• Fungal Disease -

– Fungus is a primitive vegetable » Mushrooms» Mold» Mildew

– Live in air, soil, plants and in water. (some in animals body)

– Only half of fungi are harmful

Fungal Diseases

• Fungal Diseases– Ringworm

• Caused by dermatophytes spores

• Hair Loss

• Very Contagious

Fungal Diseases• Ringworm “Symptoms”

• Hair loss in ring formation

• Itching

• Ringworm “Treatment”• Medicated shampoo

• Creams

Internal Parasites

• Internal Parasites– Roundworms

• Live in dogs intestines

• Consume partially digested feed

• Passed by feces

• Offspring to offspring

Internal Parasites• Roundworms “Symptoms”

• Loss of appetite• Pot Belly• Vomiting • Diarrhea

• Roundworms “Treatment”• Dewormer (2 - 4 Weeks)

Internal Parasites

• Internal Parasites– Hookworms

• Small worm like parasites that hooks on the intestinal wall

• Feeds on blood of host

• Contract orally, through skin, pass from off spring to off spring

Internal Parasites

• Hook Worm “Symptoms”• Pale Gums• Diarrhea• Weakness• Failure to grow properly

• Hook Worm “Treatment”• Drugs (Oral or Injection)

– Drugs only kill adult hookworm– One adult will lay 20, 000 larvae– Human can not contract

Internal Parasites• Internal Parasites

– Heart Worms• Larvae that grow and develop in an animals heart and

lungs.

• Contract by infected mosquito

• Larvae grow 4 -5 inches in length

• Cause heart failurs

Internal Parasites• Heart Worm “Symptoms”

• There are really no symptoms until advanced stages

• Dull coat

• Lack of energy

• Coughing

• Difficulty Breathing

• Heart Failurs

• Heart Worm “Treatment”• Drugs for prevention

• Treatment is tricky

Internal Parasites

• Internal Parasites– Whipworm

• 1/4 long, live in lower intestines

• Causes severe irritations of intestinal lining

• One of the most pathogenic parasites in dogs

Internal Parasites• Whipworm “Symptoms”

• Bloody Diarrhea

• Weight Loss

• Whipworm “Treatment”• Dewormer

• Must continue deworming treatment for several months

Internal Parasites

• Review– Roundworms– Heartworms– Hookworms– Whipworms

External Parasites

• External Parasites

• External Parasites - – Live outside the host

– Skin

– Coat

External Parasites• External Parasites

– Fleas• Small fly/nat looking parasite

• Will lay egg in coat

• Bit animal to feed on blood

External Parasites

External Parasites• Flea “Symptoms”

• Scratching and biting

• Red spots and rashes

• Flea “Treatment”• Flea shampoo

• Medication (internal and external)

• Extermination

External Parasites

• External Parasites– Tick

• Small parasites that feeds on host

• Will bury itself into skin

• May carry many other disease (lymes)

• Feed off host and fall off

External Parasites

• Ticks “Symptoms”• Ticks physically present

• Lymes disease - paralysis, arthritis

• Tick “Treatment”• Physical removal

• Tick shampoo

• Lymes -No treatment, but drugs to relieve symptoms.