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DOHA DEVELOPMENT AGENDA
The Doha Development Round started in 2001 and continues today. The Doha Development
Round or Doha Development Agenda (DDA) is the current trade-negotiation round of the World
Trade Organization (WTO) which commenced in November 2001. Its objective is to lower trade
barriers around the world, which will help facilitate the increase of global trade. As of 2008,
talks have stalled over a divide on major issues, such as agriculture, industrial tariffs and non-
tariff barriers, services, and trade remedies.
ISSUES
Agriculture has become the main issue for both developing and developed countries. Three other
issues have been important. The first, now resolved, pertained to compulsory licensing of
medicines and patent protection. A second deals with a review of provisions giving special and
differential treatment to developing countries; a third addresses problems that developing
countries are having in implementing current trade obligations
AgricultureAgriculture has become the most important and controversial issue. Agriculture is particularly
important for developing countries, because around 75% of the population in developing
countries live in rural areas, and the vast majority are dependent on agriculture for their
livelihoods. The United States is insisting that the EU and the developing countries agree to
make more substantial reductions in tariffs and to limit the number of import-sensitive andspecial products. Import-sensitive products are of most concern to developed countries like the
European Union, while developing countries are concerned with special products those
exempt from both tariff cuts and subsidy reductions because of development, food security, or
livelihood considerations
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Access to patented medicinesA major topic at the Doha ministerial regarded the WTO Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects
of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS). The issue involves the balance of interests between the
pharmaceutical companies in developed countries that held patents on medicines and the publichealth needs in developing countries.
In recent years international controversy has raged over the way in which global patent rules as
enshrined in the WTOs Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights
(TRIPS) are set to further restrict poor peoples access to vital life-saving medicines by
allowing companies to charge high prices for vital medicines. The WTO TRIPS Agreement
requires all member countries, irrespective of their level of development, to provide aminimum of 20 years patent protection for all products and processes, thereby providing the
pharmaceutical companies with an effective global monopoly for new medicines.
Special and differential treatmentThe negotiations have been split along a developing-country/developed-country divide.
Developing countries claimed that the developed countries were not negotiating in good faith,
while developed countries argued that the developing countries were unreasonable in their
proposals.
At the December 2005 Hong Kong ministerial, members agreed to five S&D provisions for
LDCs, including the duty-free and quota-free access.
Duty-free and quota-free access (DFQFA) currently discussed covers 97% of tariff lines and if
the USA alone were to implement the initiative, it would potentially increase Least Developed
Countries (LDCs) exports by 10% (or $1bn)
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Implementation issuesDeveloping countries claim that they have had problems with the implementation of the
agreements reached in the earlier Uruguay Round because of limited capacity or lack of technical
assistance. They also claim that they have not realized certain benefits that they expected fromthe Round, such as increased access for their textiles and apparel in developed-country markets.
Before the Doha ministerial, WTO Members resolved a small number of these implementation
issues. At the Doha meeting, the Ministerial Declaration directed a two-path approach for the
large number of remaining issues: (a) where a specific negotiating mandate is provided, the
relevant implementation issues will be addressed under that mandate; and (b) the other
outstanding implementation issues will be addressed as a matter of priority by the relevant WTO
bodies. Outstanding implementation issues are found in the area of market access, investment
measures, safeguards, rules of origin, and subsidies and countervailing measures, among others.
BENEFITS
All countries participating in the negotiations believe that there is some economic benefit in
adopting the agreement; however, there is considerable disagreement of how much benefit the
agreement would actually produce. A study by the University of Michigan found that if all tradebarriers in agriculture, services, and manufactures were reduced by 33% as a result of the Doha
Development Agenda, there would be an increase in global welfare of $574.0 billion. A 2008
study by World Bank Lead Economist Kym Anderson found that global income could increase
by more than $3000 billion per year, $2500 billion of which would go to the developing world.
Others had been predicting more modest outcomes, e.g. world net welfare gains ranging from
$84 billion to $287 billion by the year 2015. Pascal Lamy has conservatively estimated that the
deal will bring an increase of $130 billion.
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WTO STRUCTURE
All WTO members may participate in all councils, committees, etc, except Appellate Body,
Dispute Settlement panels, and plurilateral committees.
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Key
Reporting to General Council (or a subsidiary)
Reporting to Dispute Settlement Body
Plurilateral committees inform the General Council or Goods Council of their activities,
although these agreements are not signed by all WTO members
Trade Negotiations Committee reports to General Council
DIRECTOR-GENERAL OF THE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION
The Director-General of the World Trade Organization is responsible for supervising the
administrative functions of the World Trade Organization (WTO). Because World Trade
Organizations' decisions are made by member states (through either a Ministerial Conference or
through the General Council), the Director-General has little power over matters of policy - the
role is primarily advisory and managerial. Director-General supervises the WTO secretariat of
about 700 staff. WTO Director-General is appointed by WTO members for a term of four years.
The current Director-General (since September 2005) isPascal Lamy ofFrance.
Before the creation of the WTO, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade had a series of
Director Generals.Peter Sutherland was the last DG of GATT and the first of the WTO.
PAST DIRECTORS-GENERALName Took office Left office Country
1 Peter Sutherland 1 July 1993 1 May 1995 Ireland
2 Renato Ruggiero 1 May 1995 1 September 1999 Italy
3 Mike Moore 1 September 1999 1 September 2002 New Zealand
4 Supachai Panitchpakdi 1 September 2002 1 September 2005 Thailand
5 Pascal Lamy 1 September 2005 --- France
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THE SECRETARIAT
The WTO is located in Geneva, Switzerland. Its official languages are English, French and
Spanish. The Secretariat, with over 500 staff headed by the WTO Director-General, services the
daily activities of different WTO bodies. Although the Secretariat is officially neutral, many
observers criticize that the Secretariat defends the interests of the powerful WTO Members
rather than being neutral or defending developing countries.
The WTO Secretariat is headed by a Director-General. Divisions come directly under the
Director- General or one of his deputies. This is the structure as of January 2009.
Director-General: Pascal Lamy
Council and Trade Negotiations Committee Division Human Resources Division Office of Internal Audit Information and External Relations Division
Deputy Director-General: Alejandro Jara
Economic Research and Statistics Division Legal Affairs Division Rules Division
Deputy Director-General: Valentine Rugwabiza
Development Division Institute for Training and Technical Cooperation Technical Cooperation Audit Trade Policies Review Division
Deputy Director-General:Harsha Vardhana Singh
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Agriculture and Commodities Division Trade and Environment Division Trade in Services Division
Deputy Director-General: Rufus Yerxa
Administration and General Services Division Market Access Division Informatics Division Intellectual Property Division Languages Documentation and Information Management Division
SPECIAL POLICIES
The WTOs main functions are to do with trade negotiations and the enforcement of negotiated
multilateral trade rules (including dispute settlement). Special focus is given to four particular
policies supporting these functions:
1. Assisting developing and transition economies:Developing countries make up about three quarters of the total WTO membership and
they play an increasingly important role in the WTO to process transition to market based
economy.
Therefore, much attention is paid to the special needs and problems of developing and
transition economies. The WTO Secretariats Training and Technical Cooperation
Institute organizes a number of programs to explain how the system works and help to
train government officers and negotiators.
2. Specialized help for exporting: the International Trade CentreThe International Trade Centrewas established by GATT in 1964 at the request of the
developing countries to help them promote their exports. It is jointly operated by the
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WTO. The centre responds to requests from developing countries for assistance in
formulating and implementing export promotion programmes as well as import
operations and techniques. It provides information and advice on export markets and
marketing techniques and it is freely available for least developed countries.
3. The WTO in global economic policy-makingAn important aspect of the WTOs mandate is to cooperate with the International
Monetary Fund, the World Bank and other multilateral institutions to achieve greater
coherence in global economic policy-making. A separate Ministerial Declaration was
adopted by WTO which helps to achieve greater coherence in global economic policy-
making. It also recognizes the contribution that trade liberalization makes to the growth
and development of national economies.
4. Transparency
a. keeping the WTO informedOften the only way to monitor whether commitments are being implemented fully is by
requiring countries to notify the WTO promptly when they take relevant actions.
For example, details of new technical standards affecting trade, changes to regulations
affecting trade in services, and laws or regulations concerning the intellectual property
agreementthey all have to be notified to the appropriate body of the WTO.
And for that Special groups are also established to examine new free-trade arrangements
and the trade policies of countries joining as new members.
b. keeping the public informedThe main public access to the WTO is the website, www.wto.org. News of the latest
developments are published daily. Background information and explanations of a wide
range of issuesincluding Understanding the WTO are also available.
http://www.imf.org/http://www.imf.org/http://www.imf.org/http://www.worldbank.org/http://www.worldbank.org/http://www.worldbank.org/http://www.imf.org/http://www.imf.org/8/3/2019 doha agrement
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On 18 July 1996, the General Council had agreed to make more information about WTO
activities available publicly and decided that public information, including derestricted
WTO documents, would be accessible on-line.
The objective is to make more information available to the public. An important channelis through the media, with regular briefings on all major meetings for journalists in
Genevaand increasingly by email and other means for journalists around the world.
MEMBERS OF WTO
There are 153 members on 23 July 2008 (with dates of membership).
Albania 8 September 2000
Angola 23 November 1996
Antigua and Barbuda 1 January 1995
Argentina 1 January 1995
Armenia 5 February 2003
Australia 1 January 1995
Austria 1 January 1995
Bahrain, Kingdom of 1 January 1995
Bangladesh 1 January 1995
Barbados 1 January 1995
Belgium 1 January 1995
Belize 1 January 1995
Benin 22 February 1996
Bolivia, Plurinational State of 12 September 1995
Botswana 31 May 1995
Brazil 1 January 1995Brunei Darussalam 1 January 1995
Bulgaria 1 December 1996
Burkina Faso 3 June 1995
Burundi 23 July 1995
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Cambodia13 October 2004
Cameroon 13 December 1995
Canada 1 January 1995
Cape Verde23 July 2008
Central African Republic 31 May 1995
Chad 19 October 1996
Chile 1 January 1995
China 11 December 2001
Colombia 30 April 1995
Congo 27 March 1997
Costa Rica 1 January 1995
Cte d'Ivoire 1 January 1995
Croatia 30 November 2000
Cuba 20 April 1995
Cyprus 30 July 1995
Czech Republic 1 January 1995
Democratic Republic of the Congo 1 January
1997
Denmark 1 January 1995
Djibouti 31 May 1995
Dominica 1 January 1995
Dominican Republic 9 March 1995
Ecuador 21 January 1996
Egypt 30 June 1995
El Salvador 7 May 1995
Estonia 13 November 1999
European Union (formerly European
Communities) 1 January 1995
Fiji 14 January 1996
Finland 1 January 1995
http://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/cambodia_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/cambodia_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/cameroon_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/cameroon_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/canada_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/canada_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/cape_verde_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/cape_verde_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/central_african_republic_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/central_african_republic_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/chad_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/chad_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/chile_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/chile_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/china_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/china_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/colombia_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/colombia_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/congo_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/congo_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/costa_rica_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/costa_rica_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/cote_ivoire_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/cote_ivoire_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/croatia_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/croatia_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/cuba_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/cuba_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/cyprus_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/cyprus_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/czech_republic_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/czech_republic_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/democratic_republique_congo_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/democratic_republique_congo_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/denmark_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/denmark_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/djibouti_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/djibouti_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/dominica_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/dominica_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/dominican_republic_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/dominican_republic_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/ecuador_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/ecuador_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/egypt_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/egypt_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/el_salvador_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/el_salvador_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/estonia_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/estonia_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/european_communities_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/european_communities_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/european_communities_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/fiji_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/fiji_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/finland_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/finland_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/finland_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/fiji_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/european_communities_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/european_communities_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/estonia_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/el_salvador_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/egypt_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/ecuador_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/dominican_republic_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/dominica_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/djibouti_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/denmark_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/democratic_republique_congo_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/czech_republic_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/cyprus_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/cuba_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/croatia_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/cote_ivoire_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/costa_rica_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/congo_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/colombia_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/china_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/chile_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/chad_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/central_african_republic_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/cape_verde_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/canada_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/cameroon_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/cambodia_e.htm8/3/2019 doha agrement
11/15
Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
(FYROM) 4 April 2003
France 1 January 1995
Gabon 1 January 1995
The Gambia 23 October 1996
Georgia 14 June 2000
Germany 1 January 1995
Ghana 1 January 1995
Greece 1 January 1995
Grenada 22 February 1996
Guatemala 21 July 1995
Guinea 25 October 1995
Guinea Bissau 31 May 1995
Guyana 1 January 1995
Haiti 30 January 1996
Honduras 1 January 1995
Hong Kong, China 1 January 1995
Hungary 1 January 1995
Iceland 1 January 1995
India 1 January 1995
Indonesia 1 January 1995
Ireland 1 January 1995
Israel 21 April 1995
Italy 1 January 1995
Jamaica 9 March 1995
Japan 1 January 1995
Jordan 11 April 2000
Kenya 1 January 1995
Korea, Republic of 1 January 1995
Kuwait 1 January 1995
http://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/macedonia_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/macedonia_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/macedonia_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/france_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/france_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/gabon_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/gabon_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/the_gambia_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/the_gambia_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/georgia_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/georgia_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/germany_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/germany_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/ghana_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/ghana_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/greece_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/greece_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/grenada_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/grenada_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/guatemala_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/guatemala_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/guinea_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/guinea_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/guinea_bissau_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/guinea_bissau_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/guyana_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/guyana_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/haiti_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/haiti_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/honduras_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/honduras_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/hong_kong_china_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/hong_kong_china_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/hungary_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/hungary_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/iceland_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/iceland_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/india_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/india_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/indonesia_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/indonesia_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/ireland_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/ireland_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/israel_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/israel_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/italy_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/italy_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/jamaica_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/jamaica_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/japan_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/japan_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/jordan_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/jordan_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/kenya_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/kenya_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/korea_republic_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/korea_republic_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/kuwait_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/kuwait_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/kuwait_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/korea_republic_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/kenya_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/jordan_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/japan_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/jamaica_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/italy_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/israel_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/ireland_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/indonesia_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/india_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/iceland_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/hungary_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/hong_kong_china_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/honduras_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/haiti_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/guyana_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/guinea_bissau_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/guinea_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/guatemala_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/grenada_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/greece_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/ghana_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/germany_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/georgia_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/the_gambia_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/gabon_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/france_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/macedonia_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/macedonia_e.htm8/3/2019 doha agrement
12/15
Kyrgyz Republic 20 December 1998
Latvia 10 February 1999
Lesotho 31 May 1995
Liechtenstein 1 September 1995
Lithuania 31 May 2001
Luxembourg 1 January 1995
Macao, China 1 January 1995
Madagascar 17 November 1995
Malawi 31 May 1995
Malaysia 1 January 1995
Maldives 31 May 1995
Mali 31 May 1995
Malta 1 January 1995
Mauritania 31 May 1995
Mauritius 1 January 1995
Mexico 1 January 1995
Moldova 26 July 2001
Mongolia 29 January 1997
Morocco 1 January 1995
Mozambique 26 August 1995
Myanmar 1 January 1995
Namibia 1 January 1995
Nepal 23 April 2004
NetherlandsFor the Kingdom in Europe and
for the Netherlands Antilles 1 January 1995
New Zealand 1 January 1995
Nicaragua 3 September 1995
Niger 13 December 1996
Nigeria 1 January 1995
Norway 1 January 1995
http://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/kyrgyz_republic_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/kyrgyz_republic_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/latvia_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/latvia_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/lesotho_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/lesotho_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/liechtenstein_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/liechtenstein_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/lithuania_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/lithuania_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/luxembourg_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/luxembourg_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/macao_china_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/macao_china_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/madagascar_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/madagascar_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/malawi_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/malawi_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/malaysia_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/malaysia_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/maldives_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/maldives_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/mali_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/mali_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/malta_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/malta_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/mauritania_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/mauritania_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/mauritius_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/mauritius_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/mexico_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/mexico_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/moldova_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/moldova_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/mongolia_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/mongolia_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/morocco_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/morocco_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/mozambique_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/mozambique_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/myanmar_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/myanmar_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/namibia_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/namibia_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/nepal_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/nepal_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/netherlands_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/netherlands_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/new_zealand_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/new_zealand_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/nicaragua_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/nicaragua_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/niger_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/niger_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/nigeria_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/nigeria_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/norway_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/norway_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/norway_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/nigeria_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/niger_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/nicaragua_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/new_zealand_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/netherlands_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/nepal_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/namibia_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/myanmar_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/mozambique_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/morocco_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/mongolia_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/moldova_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/mexico_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/mauritius_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/mauritania_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/malta_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/mali_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/maldives_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/malaysia_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/malawi_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/madagascar_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/macao_china_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/luxembourg_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/lithuania_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/liechtenstein_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/lesotho_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/latvia_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/kyrgyz_republic_e.htm8/3/2019 doha agrement
13/15
Oman 9 November 2000
Pakistan 1 January 1995
Panama 6 September 1997
Papua New Guinea 9 June 1996
Paraguay 1 January 1995
Peru 1 January 1995
Philippines 1 January 1995
Poland 1 July 1995
Portugal 1 January 1995
Qatar 13 January 1996
Romania 1 January 1995
Rwanda 22 May 1996
Saint Kitts and Nevis 21 February 1996
Saint Lucia 1 January 1995
Saint Vincent & the Grenadines 1 January 1995
Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of 11 December 2005
Senegal 1 January 1995
Sierra Leone 23 July 1995
Singapore 1 January 1995
Slovak Republic 1 January 1995
Slovenia 30 July 1995
Solomon Islands 26 July 1996
South Africa 1 January 1995
Spain 1 January 1995
Sri Lanka 1 January 1995
Suriname 1 January 1995
Swaziland 1 January 1995
Sweden 1 January 1995
Switzerland 1 July 1995
Chinese Taipei1 January 2002
http://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/oman_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/oman_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/pakistan_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/pakistan_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/panama_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/panama_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/papua_new_guinea_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/papua_new_guinea_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/paraguay_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/paraguay_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/peru_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/peru_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/philippines_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/philippines_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/poland_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/poland_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/portugal_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/portugal_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/qatar_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/qatar_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/romania_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/romania_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/rwanda_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/rwanda_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/st_kitts_nevis_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/st_kitts_nevis_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/saint_lucia_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/saint_lucia_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/saint_vincent_grenadines_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/saint_vincent_grenadines_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/saudi_arabia_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/saudi_arabia_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/senegal_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/senegal_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/sierra_leone_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/sierra_leone_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/singapore_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/singapore_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/slovak_republic_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/slovak_republic_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/slovenia_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/slovenia_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/solomon_islands_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/solomon_islands_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/south_africa_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/south_africa_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/spain_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/spain_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/sri_lanka_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/sri_lanka_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/suriname_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/suriname_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/swaziland_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/swaziland_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/sweden_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/sweden_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/switzerland_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/switzerland_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/chinese_taipei_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/chinese_taipei_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/chinese_taipei_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/switzerland_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/sweden_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/swaziland_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/suriname_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/sri_lanka_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/spain_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/south_africa_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/solomon_islands_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/slovenia_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/slovak_republic_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/singapore_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/sierra_leone_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/senegal_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/saudi_arabia_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/saint_vincent_grenadines_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/saint_lucia_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/st_kitts_nevis_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/rwanda_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/romania_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/qatar_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/portugal_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/poland_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/philippines_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/peru_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/paraguay_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/papua_new_guinea_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/panama_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/pakistan_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/oman_e.htm8/3/2019 doha agrement
14/15
Tanzania 1 January 1995
Thailand 1 January 1995
Togo 31 May 1995
Tonga 27 July 2007
Trinidad and Tobago 1 March 1995
Tunisia 29 March 1995
Turkey 26 March 1995
Uganda 1 January 1995
Ukraine16 May 2008
United Arab Emirates 10 April 1996
United Kingdom 1 January 1995
United States of America 1 January 1995
Uruguay 1 January 1995
Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of 1 January
1995
Viet Nam 11 January 2007
Zambia 1 January 1995
Zimbabwe 5 March 1995
LIST OF LEAST-DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
The WTO recognizes as least-developed countries (LDCs) those countries which have been
designated as such by the United Nations. There are currently 48 least-developed countries on
theUN list, 31 of which to date have become WTO members.
These are:
Angola Guinea Nepal
Bangladesh Guinea Bissau Niger
Benin Haiti Rwanda
Burkina Faso Lesotho Senegal
http://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/tanzania_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/tanzania_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/thailand_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/thailand_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/togo_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/togo_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/tonga_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/tonga_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/trinidad_tobago_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/trinidad_tobago_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/tunisia_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/tunisia_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/turkey_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/turkey_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/uganda_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/uganda_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/ukraine_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/ukraine_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/united_arab_emirates_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/united_arab_emirates_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/united_kingdom_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/united_kingdom_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/usa_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/usa_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/uruguay_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/uruguay_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/venezuela_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/venezuela_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/vietnam_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/vietnam_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/zambia_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/zambia_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/zimbabwe_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/zimbabwe_e.htmhttp://www.un.org/special-rep/ohrlls/ldc/list.htmhttp://www.un.org/special-rep/ohrlls/ldc/list.htmhttp://www.un.org/special-rep/ohrlls/ldc/list.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/angola_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/angola_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/guinea_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/guinea_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/nepal_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/nepal_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/bangladesh_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/bangladesh_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/guinea_bissau_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/guinea_bissau_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/niger_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/niger_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/benin_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/benin_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/haiti_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/haiti_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/rwanda_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/rwanda_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/burkina_faso_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/burkina_faso_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/lesotho_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/lesotho_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/senegal_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/senegal_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/senegal_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/lesotho_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/burkina_faso_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/rwanda_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/haiti_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/benin_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/niger_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/guinea_bissau_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/bangladesh_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/nepal_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/guinea_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/angola_e.htmhttp://www.un.org/special-rep/ohrlls/ldc/list.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/zimbabwe_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/zambia_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/vietnam_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/venezuela_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/uruguay_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/usa_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/united_kingdom_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/united_arab_emirates_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/ukraine_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/uganda_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/turkey_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/tunisia_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/trinidad_tobago_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/tonga_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/togo_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/thailand_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/tanzania_e.htm8/3/2019 doha agrement
15/15
Burundi Madagascar Sierra Leone
Cambodia Malawi Solomon Islands
Central African Republic Mali Tanzania
Chad Mauritania Togo
Congo, Democratic Republic of
the
Mozambique Uganda
Djibouti Myanmar Zambia
Twelve more least-developed countries are negotiating to join the WTO. They are: Afghanistan,
Bhutan, Comoros, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Laos, Liberia, Sao Tom & Principe, Samoa,
Sudan,Vanuatu, andYemen.
http://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/burundi_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/burundi_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/madagascar_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/madagascar_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/sierra_leone_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/sierra_leone_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/cambodia_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/cambodia_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/malawi_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/malawi_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/solomon_islands_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/solomon_islands_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/central_african_republic_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/central_african_republic_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/mali_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/mali_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/tanzania_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/tanzania_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/chad_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/chad_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/mauritania_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/mauritania_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/togo_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/togo_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/congo_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/congo_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/congo_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/mozambique_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/mozambique_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/uganda_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/uganda_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/djibouti_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/djibouti_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/myanmar_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/myanmar_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/zambia_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/zambia_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/acc_e/a1_afghanistan_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/acc_e/a1_afghanistan_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/acc_e/a1_bhoutan_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/acc_e/a1_bhoutan_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/acc_e/a1_bhoutan_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/acc_e/a1_bhoutan_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/acc_e/a1_comoros_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/acc_e/a1_comoros_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/acc_e/a1_equatorial_guinea_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/acc_e/a1_equatorial_guinea_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/acc_e/a1_ethiopia_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/acc_e/a1_ethiopia_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/acc_e/a1_laos_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/acc_e/a1_laos_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/acc_e/a1_liberia_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/acc_e/a1_liberia_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/acc_e/a1_sao_tome_principe_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/acc_e/a1_sao_tome_principe_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/acc_e/a1_samoa_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/acc_e/a1_samoa_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/acc_e/a1_soudan_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/acc_e/a1_soudan_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/acc_e/a1_vanuatu_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/acc_e/a1_vanuatu_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/acc_e/a1_vanuatu_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/acc_e/a1_yemen_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/acc_e/a1_yemen_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/acc_e/a1_yemen_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/acc_e/a1_yemen_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/acc_e/a1_vanuatu_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/acc_e/a1_soudan_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/acc_e/a1_samoa_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/acc_e/a1_sao_tome_principe_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/acc_e/a1_liberia_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/acc_e/a1_laos_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/acc_e/a1_ethiopia_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/acc_e/a1_equatorial_guinea_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/acc_e/a1_comoros_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/acc_e/a1_bhoutan_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/acc_e/a1_bhoutan_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/acc_e/a1_afghanistan_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/zambia_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/myanmar_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/djibouti_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/uganda_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/mozambique_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/congo_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/congo_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/togo_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/mauritania_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/chad_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/tanzania_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/mali_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/central_african_republic_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/solomon_islands_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/malawi_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/cambodia_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/sierra_leone_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/madagascar_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/burundi_e.htm
