Sheet2 Page 1 Usage Grammatical Concept Key Sentence Reading Meaning Related Grammatical Concept Page Reference ๏ฝใฏ๏ฝใ X~is This is a book. page 521 ๏ฝใฏ๏ฝใ X~is The concert is from eight o'clock. page 522 ๏ฝใฏ๏ฝใ X~is That person is a teacher. page 522 ๏ฝใฏ๏ฝใ X~is I am Jones. page 522 ๏ฝใฏ๏ฝใ X~is My classes are till four o'clock. page 522 ๏ฝใฏ๏ฝใ X~is The next game is against the University of Washington. page 522 subject Rain is falling. page 118 subject There is no stereo in my room. page 118 subject Oh, Noriko is running. page 118 subject What is good in this restaurant? / Steak is good. page 118 ใญ request for confirmation or agreement from hearer about some shared knowledge Mr. Sakamoto doesn't smoke, does he? / Mr. Sakamoto, you don't smoke, do you? page 286 ใญ request for confirmation or agreement from hearer about some shared knowledge Today is a fine day, isn't it? / Isn't it! page 286 ใญ request for confirmation or agreement from hearer about some shared knowledge You are a student, aren't you? page 286 ใญ request for confirmation or agreement from hearer about some shared knowledge You are going to the party, aren't you? page 286 ใ I tell you; I'm tell you; you know; contrary to what you think Mr. Sakamoto doesn't smoke, you know. page 543 ใ I tell you; I'm tell you; you know; contrary to what you think Is Japanese interesting? / Yes, it's very interesting, I tell you. page 543 ใ I tell you; I'm tell you; you know; contrary to what you think He probably won't buy that sort of book. / Yes, he'll buy it (contrary to what you think). page 543 weak assertive or volitional by female speaker I'll go to tomorrow's party, too. page 520 weak assertive or volitional by female speaker Mr. Oki has already gone home. page 520 weak assertive or volitional by female speaker Hisako is still a student. page 520 weak assertive or volitional by female speaker This room is small. page 520 I/We will do s.t.; Let's do s.t. I will talk to him. ใพใใใ page 240 I/We will do s.t.; Let's do s.t. Let's go to a movie. ใพใใใ page 240 I/We will do s.t.; Let's do s.t. We will help you. ใพใใใ page 240 I/We will do s.t.; Let's do s.t. Shall I go there? ใพใใใ page 240 I/We will do s.t.; Let's do s.t. Let's drink beer. ใพใใใ page 240 I/We will do s.t.; Let's do s.t. Shall we go by car? ใพใใใ page 240 alternative I will go either by train or by bus. ใใใจใ page 164 alternative Either Tom will go or Mary will go. ใใใจใ page 164 alternative I drink juice or milk every morning. ใใใจใ page 164 alternative As for that, either Bob or Mark will do it. ใใใจใ page 164 alternative Either meat was expensive or Ichiro didn't like meat. ใใใจใ page 164 alternative Either write a letter or make a call, please. ใใใจใ page 164 alternative Decide on either eating or talking. ใใใจใ page 164 preceding sentence is interrogative Is Yoshiko going to college? ใ ใใใใใ page 166 preceding sentence is interrogative I asked Terry whether Nancy was going to Japan. ใ ใใใใใ page 167 preceding sentence is interrogative Are you a student? ใ ใใใใใ page 167 preceding sentence is interrogative What is this? ใ ใใใใใ page 167 preceding sentence is interrogative My friend asked is kanji is difficult. ใ ใใใใใ page 167 preceding sentence is interrogative I asked Jan who had come. ใ ใใใใใ page 167 preceding sentence is interrogative I've forgotten (completely) what Prof. Yamazaki said yesterday. ใ ใใใใใ page 167 ใใ yes-no question informal male speech Is Japanese interesting? page 170 ใใ yes-no question informal male speech Is Mr. Ueno going to America? page 171 ใใ yes-no question informal male speech Will you study Japanese? page 171 ใใ yes-no question informal male speech Is this apartment quiet? page 171 ใใ yes-no question informal male speech Are you students? page 171 ใใ yes-no question informal male speech Is the book difficult? page 171 ใใ yes-no question informal male speech Is that person a teacher? page 171 ใใใ idea female speaker wonders about s.t. I wonder if Mr. Matsumoto will come. page 181 ใใใ idea female speaker wonders about s.t. I wonder if that teacher's class is interesting. page 181 ใใใ idea female speaker wonders about s.t. I wonder what Sachiko likes. page 181 ใใใ idea female speaker wonders about s.t. I wonder who that person is. page 181 be; exist; have -inanimate In this town there are three universities. page 73 be; exist; have -inanimate The Eiffel Tower is in Paris. page 73 be; exist; have -inanimate There are two TV sets in my apartment. page 73 be; exist; have -inanimate Detroit is in the State of Michigan. page 73 be; exist; have -inanimate There is no air-conditioner at Mr. Wada's. page 73 have been done; be done It's been told to John already. page 76 have been done; be done Drinks have already been bought. page 76 have been done; be done The window has been open/is open. page 76 animate exists In this town are many Japanese. page 153 animate exists Lee is in this dorm. page 154 animate exists There are pandas in this zoo. page 154 animate exists Steve is in Robin's apartment now. page 154 S.o. or s.t. is doing s.t. started some time ago, or is in state created by an action some time ago Mr. Sasaki is drinking sake. page 155 S.o. or s.t. is doing s.t. started some time ago, or is in state created by an action some time ago Kazue is reading a newspaper. page 155 S.o. or s.t. is doing s.t. started some time ago, or is in state created by an action some time ago This apple is rotten. page 155 S.o. or s.t. is doing s.t. started some time ago, or is in state created by an action some time ago A tree has fallen down (and is lying there). page 155 S.o. or s.t. is doing s.t. started some time ago, or is in state created by an action some time ago I know Miss Suzuki. page 155 do; make; play; play the role of ~; wear Mr. Nakayama plays tennis. ใชใ๏ผใใ page 429 do; make; play; play the role of ~; wear Mr. Leeds is an English teacher. ใชใ๏ผใใ page 429 do; make; play; play the role of ~; wear The teacher made his test easy. ใชใ๏ผใใ page 429 do; make; play; play the role of ~; wear Kiguchi caused his son to become a physician. ใชใ๏ผใใ page 429 do; make; play; play the role of ~; wear I am studying Chinese. ใชใ๏ผใใ page 429 do; make; play; play the role of ~; wear Kyoko is wearing a beautiful scarf. ใชใ๏ผใใ page 430 do; make; play; play the role of ~; wear The Japanese usually work on Saturdays, too. ใชใ๏ผใใ page 430 do; make; play; play the role of ~; wear Bill is going to play Hamlet. ใชใ๏ผใใ page 430 do; make; play; play the role of ~; wear Yoko made her room clean. ใชใ๏ผใใ page 430 do; make; play; play the role of ~; wear I often drive a car. ใชใ๏ผใใ page 430 do; make; play; play the role of ~; wear Kazuo made a wife of an American. ใชใ๏ผใใ page 430 ใ prefix expresses politeness Prof. Ishida talked in English. page 343 ใ prefix expresses politeness I met Prof. Yamazaki yesterday. page 343 ใ prefix expresses politeness Mr. Imamura likes golf. page 343 ใ prefix expresses politeness As for drinks, what would be good? page 343 ใ prefix expresses politeness Prof. Tamura is very busy now. page 343 ใ prefix expresses politeness ใพใใซใกใใใคใใงใใญใ It's hot day after day, isn't it? page 343 ใ prefix expresses politeness ใใใ ใใใใใฏใใในใใใใใใใงใใ Prof. Ueda is good at tennis. page 343 ใใใฏๆฌใ ใปใงใใ ใใใฏใปใใ ใปใงใใ ใณใณใตใผใใฏๅ ซๆใใใ ใปใงใใ ใณใณใตใผใใฏใฏใกใใใใ ใปใงใใ ใใฎไบบใฏ)ๅญฆ็ใ ใ ใใฎใฒใจใฏใใใใใ ใ ็งใฏใธใงใผใณใบใงใใ ใใใใฏใธใงใผใณใบใงใใ ๆๆฅญใฏๅๆใพใงใงใใ ใใ ใใใใฏใใใพใงใงใใ ไปๅบฆใฎ่ฉฆๅใฏใฏใทใณใใณๅคงๅญฆใจใ ใ ใใใฉใฎใใใใฏใฏใทใณใใณใ ใใใใจใ ใ ใ (1) ้จใ้ใฃใฆใใใปใใพใใ ใใใใตใฃใฆใใใปใใพใใ ใฏ (1) ใ (1) ็งใฎ้จๅฑใฏในใใฌใชใใใใพใใ ใใใใฎใธใใฏในใใฌใชใใใใพใใ ใฏ (1) ใ (1) ใใใฎใๅญใ่ตฐใฃใฆใใใ ใใใฎใใใใฏใใฃใฆใใใ ใฏ (1) ใ (1) ใใฎใฌในใใฉใณใฏไฝใ็พๅณใใใงใใใ / ในใใผใญใ็พๅณใใใงใใ ใใฎใฌในใใฉใณใฏใชใซใใใใใใงใใใ / ในใใผใญใใใใใใงใใ ใฏ (1) ๅๆฌใใใฏ็ ่ใๅธใใชใใปๅธใใพใใใญใ ใใใใจใใใฏใใฐใใใใใชใใปใใใพใใใญใ ไปๆฅใฏใใๅคฉๆฐใงใใญใ / ๆฌๅฝใซใใใงใใญใ ใใใใฏใใใฆใใใงใใญใ / ใปใใจใใซใใใงใใญใ ใใชใใฏๅญฆ็ใงใใญใ ใใชใใฏใใใใใงใใญใ ใใผใใฃใผใซใใใฃใใใใพใใญใ ใใผใใฃใผใซใใใฃใใใใพใใญใ ๅๆฌใใใฏ็ ่ใๅธใใชใใปๅธใใพใใใใ ใใใใจใใใฏใใฐใใใใใชใใปใใใพใใใใ ๆฅๆฌ่ชใฏ้ข็ฝใใงใใใ / ใใใใจใฆใ้ข็ฝใใงใใใ ใซใปใใใฏใใใใใใงใใใ / ใใใใจใฆใใใใใใใงใใใ ใใฎไบบใฏใใใชๆฌใ่ฒทใใชใใงใใใใ / ใใใใ่ฒทใใพใใใ ใใฎใฒใจใฏใใใชใปใใใใใชใใงใใใใ / ใใใใใใใพใใใ ใ (2) ็งใๆๆฅใฎใใผใใฃใผ่กใใใ ใใใใใใใใฎใใผใใฃใผ่กใใใ ใ (2) ๅคงๆจใใใฏใใๅธฐใใพใใใใ ใใใใใใฏใใใใใใพใใใใ ใ (2) ไน ๅญใฏใพใ ๅญฆ็ใงใใใ ใฒใใใฏใพใ ใใใใใงใใใ ใ (2) ใใฎ้จๅฑใฏๅฐใใใใ ใใฎใธใใฏใกใใใใใ ~ใพใใใ ็งใๅฝผใซ่ฉฑใใพใใใใ ใใใใใใใซใฏใชใใพใใใใ ~ใพใใใ ๆ ็ปใซ่กใใพใใใใ ใใใใซใใใพใใใใ ~ใพใใใ ็ง้ใๆไผใใพใใใใ ใใใใใกใใฆใคใ ใใพใใใใ ~ใพใใใ ็งใ่กใใพใใใใใ ใใใใใใใพใใใใใ ~ใพใใใ ใใผใซใ้ฃฒใฟใพใใใใ ใใผใซใใฎใฟใพใใใใ ~ใพใใใ ่ปใง่กใใพใใใใใ ใใใพใงใใใพใใใใใ ใ (1) ็งใฏ้ป่ปใใใน(ใ)ใง่กใใป่กใใพใใ ใใใใฏใงใใใใใใน(ใ)ใงใใใปใใใพใใ ใ (1) ใใ ใ่กใใใกใขใชใผใ่กใใใฉใกใใใ ใปใงใใ ใใ ใใใใใกใขใชใผใใใใใฉใกใใใ ใปใงใใ ใ (1) ็งใฏๆฏๆใธใฅใผในใใใซใฏใ้ฃฒใใ ใใใใฏใพใใใใธใฅใผในใใใซใฏใใฎใใ ใ (1) ใใใฏใใใใใผใฏใใใพใใ ใใใฏใใใใใผใฏใใใพใใ ใ (1) ่ใ้ซใใฃใใไธ้ใๅซใใ ใฃใใใฉใกใใใ ใ ใซใใใใใใฃใใใใกใใใใใใใใใ ใฃใใใฉใกใใใ ใ ใ (1) ๆ็ดใๆธใใ้ป่ฉฑใๆใใใใฉใกใใใใฆไธใใใ ใฆใใฟใใใใใงใใใใใใใใฉใกใใใใฆใใ ใใใ ใ (1) ้ฃในใใ่ฉฑใใใฉใกใใใซใใชใใใ ใในใใใฏใชใใใฉใกใใใซใใชใใใ ใ (2) ใใๅญใฏๅคงๅญฆใธ่กใใป่กใใพใใใ ใใใใฏใ ใใใใธใใใปใใใพใใใ ใ (2) ็งใฏใใชใผใซใใณใทใๆฅๆฌใธ่กใใใจ่ใใใป่ใใพใใใ ใใใใฏใใชใผใซใใณใทใใซใปใใธใใใใจใใใใปใใใพใใใ ใ (2) ใใชใใฏๅญฆ็ใงใใใ ใใชใใฏใใใใใงใใใ ใ (2) ใใใฏไฝใงใใใ ใใใฏใชใใงใใใ ใ (2) ๅ้ใฏๆผขๅญใ้ฃใใใใจ่ใใใ ใจใใ ใกใฏใใใใใใใใใใใจใใใใ ใ (2) ็งใฏใธใฃใณใซ่ชฐใๆฅใใใจๅฐใญใใ ใใใใฏใธใฃใณใซใ ใใใใใใจใใใญใใ ใ (2) ๅใฏๅฑฑๅดๅ ็ใๆจๆฅไฝใ่จใฃใใๅฟใใฆใใพใฃใใ ใฐใใฏใใพใใใใใฎใใชใซใใใฃใใใใใใฆใใพใฃใใ ๆฅๆฌ่ชใฏ้ข็ฝใใใใ ใซใปใใใฏใใใใใใใใ ใ ใใใ (2)ใ ไธ้ใใใฏใขใกใชใซใธ่กใใฎใใใ ใใใฎใใใฏใขใกใชใซใธใใใฎใใใ ใ ใใใ (2)ใ ๆฅๆฌใๅๅผทใใใใใ ใซใปใใในใใใใใใใใใ ใ ใใใ (2)ใ ใใฎใขใใผใใฏ้ใใใใ ใใฎใขใใผใใฏใใใใใใ ใ ใใใ (2)ใ ๅ้ใฏๅญฆ็ใใใ ใใฟใใกใฏใใใใใใใ ใ ใใใ (2)ใ ใใฎๆฌใฏ้ฃใใใฎใใใ ใใฎใปใใฏใใใใใใฎใใใ ใ ใใใ (2)ใ ใใฎไบบใฏๅ ็ใชใฎใใใ ใใฎใฒใจใฏใใใใใชใฎใใใ ใ ใใใ (2)ใ ๆพๆฌใใใฏๆฅใใใใใ ใพใคใใจใใใฏใใใใใใ ใใฎๅ ็ใฎๆๆฅญใฏ้ข็ฝใใใใใ ใใฎใใใใใฎใใ ใใใใฏใใใใใใใใใ ๅนธๅญใใใฏไฝใๅฅฝใใใใใ ใใกใใใใฏใชใซใใใใใใใ ใใฎไบบใฏ่ชฐใใใใ ใใฎใฒใจใฏใ ใใใใใ ใใ (1) ใใฎ็บใซใฏๅคงๅญฆใไธใคใใใปใใใพใใ ใใฎใพใก(ใซ)ใฏใ ใใใใใฟใฃใคใใใปใใใพใใ ใใ (1); ๆใฃใฆใใ ใใ (1) ใจใใใงใซๅกใฏใใชใซใใใปใใใพใใ ใจใใใงใซใจใใฏใใชใซใใใปใใใพใใ ใใ (1); ๆใฃใฆใใ ใใ (1) ็งใฎใขใใ(ใซ)ใฏใใฌใใไบๅฐใใใ ใใใใฎใขใใ(ใซ)ใฏใใฌใใใซใ ใใใใ ใใ (1); ๆใฃใฆใใ ใใ (1) ใใใญใคใใฏใใทใฌใณๅทใซใใใพใใ ใใใญใคใใฏใใทใฌใณใใ ใใซใใใพใใ ใใ (1); ๆใฃใฆใใ ใใ (1) ๅ็ฐใใใฎใใก(ใซ)ใฏใฏใผใฉใผใใชใใ ใใ ใใใฎใใก(ใซ)ใฏใฏใผใฉใผใใชใใ ใใ (1); ๆใฃใฆใใ ใใ (2) ใใใฏใใใธใงใณใซ่ฉฑใใฆใใใปใใใพใใ ใใใฏใใใธใงใณใซใฏใชใใฆใใใปใใใพใใ ใใ (2); ใใ ใใ (2) ้ฃฒใฟ็ฉใฏใใ่ฒทใฃใฆใใใพใใ ใฎใฟใใฎใฏใใใใฃใฆใใใพใใ ใใ (2); ใใ ใใ (2) ็ชใ้ใใฆใใใ ใพใฉใใใใฆใใใ ใใ (2); ใใ ใใ (1) ใใฎ็บ(ใซ)ใฏๆฅๆฌไบบใๆฒขๅฑฑใใใปใใพใใ ใใฎใพใก(ใซ)ใฏใซใปใใใใใใใใใใใปใใพใใ ใใ (1) ใใ (1) ใชใผใฏใใฎๅฏฎใซใใใปใใพใใ ใชใผใฏใใฎใใใใซใใใปใใพใใ ใใ (1) ใใ (1) ใใฎๅ็ฉๅใซใฏใใณใใใใพใใ ใใฎใฉใใถใคใใใซใฏใใณใใใใพใใ ใใ (1) ใใ (1) ในใใผใใฏไปใญใใณใฎใขใใผใใซใใใ ในใใผใใฏใใพใญใใณใฎใขใใผใใซใใใ ใใ (1) ใใ (2) ไฝใ ๆจใใใฏ้ ใ้ฃฒใใงใใใปใใพใใ ใใใใใใฏใใใใฎใใงใใใปใใพใใ ใใ (2) ใใ (2) ๅๆฑใฏๆฐ่ใ่ชญใใงใใใ ใใใใฏใใใถใใใใใงใใใ ใใ (2) ใใ (2) ใใฎๆๆชใฏ่ ใฃใฆใใใ ใใฎใใใใฏใใใฃใฆใใใ ใใ (2) ใใ (2) ๆจใๅใใฆใใใ ใใใใใใฆใใใ ใใ (2) ใใ (2) ็งใฏ้ดๆจใใใ็ฅใฃใฆ่ฆใพใใ ใใใใฏใใใใใใใใฃใฆใใพใใ ใใ (2) ใใ (1) ไธญๅฑฑใใใฏใใในใใใใปใใพใใ ใชใใใพใใใฏใใในใใใใปใใพใใ ใใ (1) ใชใผใบใใใฏ่ฑ่ชใฎๅ ็ใใใฆใใใปใใพใใ ใชใผใบใใใฏใใใใฎใใใใใใใฆใใใปใใพใใ ใใ (1) ๅ ็ใฏใในใใๆใใใใใปใใพใใใ ใใใใใฏใในใใใใใใใใใปใใพใใใ ใใ (1) ๆจๅฃใฏๆฏๅญใๅป่ ใซใใใปใใพใใใ ใใใกใฏใใใใใใใใซใใใปใใพใใใ ใใ (1) ็งใฏไธญๅฝ่ชใๅๅผทใใฆใใใปใใพใใ ใใใใฏใกใ ใใใใใในใใใใใใฆใใใปใใพใใ ใใ (1) ไบฌๅญใฏๅฅ้บใชในใซใผใใใใฆใใใปใใพใใ ใใใใใฏใใใใชในใซใผใใใใฆใใใปใใพใใ ใใ (1) ๆฅๆฌไบบใฏๅคงๆตๅๆๆฅใไปไบใใใใ ใซใปใใใใฏใใใฆใใฉใใใณใใใใจใใใใ ใใ (1) ใใซใฏใใ ใฌใใใใใ็ฉใใ ใ ใใซใฏใใ ใฌใใใใใใคใใใ ใ ใใ (1) ้ฝๅญใฏ้จๅฑใๅฅ้บใซใใใ ใใใใฏใธใใใใใใซใใใ ใใ (1) ๅใฏใใ่ปใ้่ปขใใพใใ ใผใใฏใใใใใพใใใใฆใใใพใใ ใใ (1) ไธ็ทใฏใขใกใชใซไบบใๅฆปใซใใใ ใใใใฏใขใกใชใซใใใใคใพใซใใใ ็ณ็ฐๅ ็ใฏ่ฑ่ชใงใ่ฉฑใใซใชใฃใใชใใพใใใ ใใใ ใใใใใฏใใใใงใใฏใชใใซใชใฃใใชใใพใใใ ใ- ็งใฏๆจๆฅๅฑฑๅดๅ ็ใซใไผใใใใปใใพใใใ ใใใใฏใใฎใใใพใใใใใใใซใใใใใใปใใพใใใ ใ- ไปๆใใใฏใดใซใใใๅฅฝใใ ใปๅฅฝใใงใใ ใใพใใใใใฏใดใซใใใใใใ ใปใใใงใใ ใ- ใ้ฃฒใฟ็ฉใฏไฝใๅฎใใใงใใ ใใฎใฟใใฎใฏใชใซใใใใใใงใใ ใ- ็ฐๆๅ ็ใฏไปใจใฆใใๅฟใใใ ใใใใใใใใฏใใพใจใฆใใใใใใใใ ใ- ๆฏๆฅใๆใใงใใญใ ใ- ไธ็ฐๅ ็ใฏใใในใใไธๆใงใใ ใ-
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Usage Grammatical Concept Key Sentence Reading Meaning Related Grammatical Concept Page Reference๏ฝใฏ๏ฝใ X~is This is a book. page 521๏ฝใฏ๏ฝใ X~is The concert is from eight o'clock. page 522๏ฝใฏ๏ฝใ X~is That person is a teacher. page 522๏ฝใฏ๏ฝใ X~is I am Jones. page 522๏ฝใฏ๏ฝใ X~is My classes are till four o'clock. page 522๏ฝใฏ๏ฝใ X~is The next game is against the University of Washington. page 522
subject Rain is falling. page 118subject There is no stereo in my room. page 118subject Oh, Noriko is running. page 118subject What is good in this restaurant? / Steak is good. page 118
ใญ request for confirmation or agreement from hearer about some shared knowledge Mr. Sakamoto doesn't smoke, does he? / Mr. Sakamoto, you don't smoke, do you? page 286ใญ request for confirmation or agreement from hearer about some shared knowledge Today is a fine day, isn't it? / Isn't it! page 286ใญ request for confirmation or agreement from hearer about some shared knowledge You are a student, aren't you? page 286ใญ request for confirmation or agreement from hearer about some shared knowledge You are going to the party, aren't you? page 286ใ I tell you; I'm tell you; you know; contrary to what you think Mr. Sakamoto doesn't smoke, you know. page 543ใ I tell you; I'm tell you; you know; contrary to what you think Is Japanese interesting? / Yes, it's very interesting, I tell you. page 543ใ I tell you; I'm tell you; you know; contrary to what you think He probably won't buy that sort of book. / Yes, he'll buy it (contrary to what you think). page 543
weak assertive or volitional by female speaker I'll go to tomorrow's party, too. page 520weak assertive or volitional by female speaker Mr. Oki has already gone home. page 520weak assertive or volitional by female speaker Hisako is still a student. page 520weak assertive or volitional by female speaker This room is small. page 520I/We will do s.t.; Let's do s.t. I will talk to him. ใพใใใ page 240I/We will do s.t.; Let's do s.t. Let's go to a movie. ใพใใใ page 240I/We will do s.t.; Let's do s.t. We will help you. ใพใใใ page 240I/We will do s.t.; Let's do s.t. Shall I go there? ใพใใใ page 240I/We will do s.t.; Let's do s.t. Let's drink beer. ใพใใใ page 240I/We will do s.t.; Let's do s.t. Shall we go by car? ใพใใใ page 240alternative I will go either by train or by bus. ใใใจใ page 164alternative Either Tom will go or Mary will go. ใใใจใ page 164alternative I drink juice or milk every morning. ใใใจใ page 164alternative As for that, either Bob or Mark will do it. ใใใจใ page 164alternative Either meat was expensive or Ichiro didn't like meat. ใใใจใ page 164alternative Either write a letter or make a call, please. ใใใจใ page 164alternative Decide on either eating or talking. ใใใจใ page 164preceding sentence is interrogative Is Yoshiko going to college? ใ ใใใใใ page 166preceding sentence is interrogative I asked Terry whether Nancy was going to Japan. ใ ใใใใใ page 167preceding sentence is interrogative Are you a student? ใ ใใใใใ page 167preceding sentence is interrogative What is this? ใ ใใใใใ page 167preceding sentence is interrogative My friend asked is kanji is difficult. ใ ใใใใใ page 167preceding sentence is interrogative I asked Jan who had come. ใ ใใใใใ page 167preceding sentence is interrogative I've forgotten (completely) what Prof. Yamazaki said yesterday. ใ ใใใใใ page 167
ใใ yes-no question informal male speech Is Japanese interesting? page 170ใใ yes-no question informal male speech Is Mr. Ueno going to America? page 171ใใ yes-no question informal male speech Will you study Japanese? page 171ใใ yes-no question informal male speech Is this apartment quiet? page 171ใใ yes-no question informal male speech Are you students? page 171ใใ yes-no question informal male speech Is the book difficult? page 171ใใ yes-no question informal male speech Is that person a teacher? page 171ใใใ idea female speaker wonders about s.t. I wonder if Mr. Matsumoto will come. page 181ใใใ idea female speaker wonders about s.t. I wonder if that teacher's class is interesting. page 181ใใใ idea female speaker wonders about s.t. I wonder what Sachiko likes. page 181ใใใ idea female speaker wonders about s.t. I wonder who that person is. page 181
be; exist; have -inanimate In this town there are three universities. page 73be; exist; have -inanimate The Eiffel Tower is in Paris. page 73be; exist; have -inanimate There are two TV sets in my apartment. page 73be; exist; have -inanimate Detroit is in the State of Michigan. page 73be; exist; have -inanimate There is no air-conditioner at Mr. Wada's. page 73have been done; be done It's been told to John already. page 76have been done; be done Drinks have already been bought. page 76have been done; be done The window has been open/is open. page 76animate exists In this town are many Japanese. page 153animate exists Lee is in this dorm. page 154animate exists There are pandas in this zoo. page 154animate exists Steve is in Robin's apartment now. page 154S.o. or s.t. is doing s.t. started some time ago, or is in state created by an action some time ago Mr. Sasaki is drinking sake. page 155S.o. or s.t. is doing s.t. started some time ago, or is in state created by an action some time ago Kazue is reading a newspaper. page 155S.o. or s.t. is doing s.t. started some time ago, or is in state created by an action some time ago This apple is rotten. page 155S.o. or s.t. is doing s.t. started some time ago, or is in state created by an action some time ago A tree has fallen down (and is lying there). page 155S.o. or s.t. is doing s.t. started some time ago, or is in state created by an action some time ago I know Miss Suzuki. page 155do; make; play; play the role of ~; wear Mr. Nakayama plays tennis. ใชใ๏ผใใ page 429do; make; play; play the role of ~; wear Mr. Leeds is an English teacher. ใชใ๏ผใใ page 429do; make; play; play the role of ~; wear The teacher made his test easy. ใชใ๏ผใใ page 429do; make; play; play the role of ~; wear Kiguchi caused his son to become a physician. ใชใ๏ผใใ page 429do; make; play; play the role of ~; wear I am studying Chinese. ใชใ๏ผใใ page 429do; make; play; play the role of ~; wear Kyoko is wearing a beautiful scarf. ใชใ๏ผใใ page 430do; make; play; play the role of ~; wear The Japanese usually work on Saturdays, too. ใชใ๏ผใใ page 430do; make; play; play the role of ~; wear Bill is going to play Hamlet. ใชใ๏ผใใ page 430do; make; play; play the role of ~; wear Yoko made her room clean. ใชใ๏ผใใ page 430do; make; play; play the role of ~; wear I often drive a car. ใชใ๏ผใใ page 430do; make; play; play the role of ~; wear Kazuo made a wife of an American. ใชใ๏ผใใ page 430
ใ prefix expresses politeness Prof. Ishida talked in English. page 343ใ prefix expresses politeness I met Prof. Yamazaki yesterday. page 343ใ prefix expresses politeness Mr. Imamura likes golf. page 343ใ prefix expresses politeness As for drinks, what would be good? page 343ใ prefix expresses politeness Prof. Tamura is very busy now. page 343ใ prefix expresses politeness ใพใใซใกใใใคใใงใใญใ It's hot day after day, isn't it? page 343ใ prefix expresses politeness ใใใ ใใใใใฏใใในใใใใใใใงใใ Prof. Ueda is good at tennis. page 343
ใ prefix expresses politeness Mrs. Miyamoto is very pretty. page 343ใ prefix expresses politeness There was a phone call from Mr. Nomura. page 343ใใ (not) anymore; (not) any longer; already; yet; now I have already eaten my lunch. ใพใ page 254ใใ (not) anymore; (not) any longer; already; yet; now Mr. Hill is not studying Japanese any longer. ใพใ page 254ใใ (not) anymore; (not) any longer; already; yet; now Have you done your homework yet (or already)? / Yes, I 've already done it. ใพใ page 254ใใ (not) anymore; (not) any longer; already; yet; now I won't drink sake any more. ใพใ page 254ใใ (not) anymore; (not) any longer; already; yet; now Haruo is all right now. ใพใ page 254ใพใ still; (not) yet Mr. Kimura is still eating his lunch. ใใ page 224ใพใ still; (not) yet Mr. Ota still doesn't know about it. ใใ page 224ใพใ still; (not) yet Do you still have sake? ใใ page 224ใพใ still; (not) yet I have not been to Japan yet. ใใ page 224ใพใ still; (not) yet ใใ page 224
's; of; in; at; for; by; from This is my teacher's book. page 312's; of; in; at; for; by; from This is a letter from my friend. page 312's; of; in; at; for; by; from my book / the name of the school / today's paper page 312's; of; in; at; for; by; from a temple in Japan / a telephone at the station page 312's; of; in; at; for; by; from a book on fine arts / an exam on Japanese page 312's; of; in; at; for; by; from a cherry blossom / a peach tree / a bus ticket / cold medicine page 312's; of; in; at; for; by; from a teacher of Japanese / a student of music page 312one I bought a big one. page 315one I used the one I bought last year. page 316one What kind of car do you want? / I want a small one. page 316one My friend wanted to drink wine, so I served the one I bought yesterday. page 316that ~; to do s.t.; doing s.t Teaching Japanese is difficult. page 318that ~; to do s.t.; doing s.t I saw Yukiko drink beer. page 318that ~; to do s.t.; doing s.t Going to Japan is easy. page 318that ~; to do s.t.; doing s.t I heard Ms. Kobayashi playing the piano. page 318that ~; to do s.t.; doing s.t Do you know that Mr. Clark is going to France? page 318
ใฎใ The explanation is that ~; The reason is that ~; The fact is that ~; It is that ~ What are you doing? page 325ใฎใ The explanation is that ~; The reason is that ~; The fact is that ~; It is that ~ I'm studying Japanese. page 325ใฎใ The explanation is that ~; The reason is that ~; The fact is that ~; It is that ~ Why don't you drink sake? / (The reason is that) I'm still seventeen. page 325ใฎใ The explanation is that ~; The reason is that ~; The fact is that ~; It is that ~ I can't go to today's party. I have a lot of homework. page 325ใฎใ The explanation is that ~; The reason is that ~; The fact is that ~; It is that ~ I want to marry you. page 325ใฎใง so; since; because Because I drank a lot of sake, I got sleepy. page 328ใฎใง so; since; because Since I have a lot of homework, I can't do to the party. page 328ใฎใง so; since; because Because that book was expensive, I didn't buy one. page 328ใฎใง so; since; because My room is quiet, so I can study (there) well. page 328ใฎใง so; since; because Because Jane is still a junior high school student, she can't drive a car. page 328
direct object I'm studying Japanese. page 347direct object Mr. Maeda bought a car yesterday. page 347direct object What will you drink? page 347in; on; across; through; along; over I walked along Fifth Avenue. page 349in; on; across; through; along; over Let's go home passing through the park. page 349in; on; across; through; along; over Cranes are flying over the lake. page 349in; on; across; through; along; over In Japan cars drive on the left side of the street. page 349in; on; across; through; along; over Please turn to the right at the intersection there. page 349even though; despite the fact that ~; although; but; in spite of the fact that ~ Although I'm studying kanji every day, I cannot memorize them well. ใ๏ผใใใฉ๏ผใ๏ผ page 331even though; despite the fact that ~; although; but; in spite of the fact that ~ In spite of the fact that steak is expensive, it isn't delicious. ใ๏ผใใใฉ๏ผใ๏ผ page 331even though; despite the fact that ~; although; but; in spite of the fact that ~ Although Mr. Shimizu is not good at golf, he loves it. ใ๏ผใใใฉ๏ผใ๏ผ page 332even though; despite the fact that ~; although; but; in spite of the fact that ~ In spite of the fact that Mr. Hall is an American, he doesn't like meat. ใ๏ผใใใฉ๏ผใ๏ผ page 332even though; despite the fact that ~; although; but; in spite of the fact that ~ I studied English for as many as six years at junior high and senior high, but I still cannot speak it. ใ๏ผใใใฉ๏ผใ๏ผ page 332even though; despite the fact that ~; although; but; in spite of the fact that ~ Although it was cold, he went out without wearing an overcoat. ใ๏ผใใใฉ๏ผใ๏ผ page 332even though; despite the fact that ~; although; but; in spite of the fact that ~ He is good at piano, but seldom plays. ใ๏ผใใใฉ๏ผใ๏ผ page 332even though; despite the fact that ~; although; but; in spite of the fact that ~ My father is still working in spite of the fact that he is ninety years old. ใ๏ผใใใฉ๏ผใ๏ผ page 332
ใงใ even Even a teacher makes mistakes. page 112ใงใ even I will even do a difficult job. page 112ใงใ even Even from here you can see Mt. Fuji. page 112ใงใ even Even a child can understand that sort of thing. page 112ใงใ even I'd like to see you, but it is all right to see you even on Sunday? page 112ใงใ even He eats anything, whether it be fish or meat. page 112
talking about ~; as for ~; the I am a student. page 516talking about ~; as for ~; the Mr. Sugita will go (there) but I won't go. page 516talking about ~; as for ~; the Mr. Jones is studying Japanese now. page 516talking about ~; as for ~; the There are two universities in this town. page 516talking about ~; as for ~; the I drink beer but don't drink sake. page 516talking about ~; as for ~; the I gave Haruko a doll and Akiko a picture book. page 516X is also true I, too, am a student. page 247X is also true I speak Spanish, too. page 247X is also true I will give a present to Mr. Murayama, too. page 248X is also true Mr. Hart went to Japan. Mr. Lewis also went to Japan. page 248X is also true ใฏใใใใใฏใใในใจใใพใใ๏ผใใใฏ๏ผใดใซใใใใพใใ Mr. Hayashi plays tennis. He plays golf, too. page 248X is also true You can't buy fresh fish in this town. You can't buy it in the next town, either. page 248
ใฉใ asks about state of someone/something or way of doing something How's your mother? page 114ใฉใ asks about state of someone/something or way of doing something How's your new apartment? page 114ใฉใ asks about state of someone/something or way of doing something How is the coffee?/Would you like coffee?/How about coffee? page 114ใฉใ asks about state of someone/something or way of doing something How about Saturday? page 114ใใใ approximately; about It's about nine hours by plane from Tokyo to San Francisco. ใใ๏ผใปใฉ๏ผใฐใใ๏ผ page 212ใใใ approximately; about About how much was that car? / It was about 1,500,000 yen. ใใ๏ผใปใฉ๏ผใฐใใ๏ผ page 212ใใใ approximately; about Mr. Smith was in Kyoto for about four months. ใใ๏ผใปใฉ๏ผใฐใใ๏ผ page 212ใใใ approximately; about It must be fun to be able to speak English as well as Mr. Yamada (lit. to the extent of Mr. Yamada). ใใ๏ผใปใฉ๏ผใฐใใ๏ผ page 212ใใใ approximately; about Even I can understand that sort of thing (lit. things of that extent). ใใ๏ผใปใฉ๏ผใฐใใ๏ผ page 212ใธ direction toward which movement or action I went on a trip to Kyouto last week. page 116ใธ direction toward which movement or action I went back home to Sapporo by plane. page 116ใธ direction toward which movement or action It was an earthquake, so I went outside quickly. page 116ใธ direction toward which movement or action I sent a letter to my father, but his reply has not come yet. page 116ๅบใใปใ ใ Something latent is realized. The car started to move. ๅงใใใปใฏใใใ page 103ๅบใใปใ ใ Something latent is realized. Suddenly it began to rain. ๅงใใใปใฏใใใ page 103ๅบใใปใ ใ Something latent is realized. He started to walk only after he became a year old. ๅงใใใปใฏใใใ page 103
ๅฎฎๆฌใใใฎๅฅฅๆงใฏใจใฆใใๅฅ้บใ ใ ใฟใใใจใใใฎใใใใพใฏใจใฆใใใใใใ ใ ใ-้ๆใใใใใ้ป่ฉฑใใใใพใใใ ใฎใใใใใใใใงใใใใใใพใใใ ใ-็งใฏใใๆผใ้ฃฏใ้ฃในใใป้ฃในใพใใใ ใใใใฏใใใฒใใใฏใใใในใใปใในใพใใใใใซใใใฏใใๆฅๆฌ่ชใๅๅผทใใฆใใชใใปใใพใใใ ใใซใใใฏใใใซใปใใใในใใใใใใฆใใชใใปใใพใใใใใๅฎฟ้กใใใพใใใใ / ใฏใใใใใใพใใใ ใใใใ ใใ ใใใใพใใใใ / ใฏใใใใใใพใใใ็งใฏใใ้ ใ้ฃฒใฟใพใใใ ใใใใฏใใใใใใฎใฟใพใใใๆฅ็ทๅใฏใใๅคงไธๅคซใงใใ ใฏใใใใใฏใใใ ใใใใใถใงใใๆจๆใใใฏใพใ ๆผใ้ฃฏใ้ฃในใฆใใใปใใพใใ ใใใใใใฏใพใ ใฒใใใฏใใใในใฆใใใปใใพใใๅคช็ฐใใใฏ(ใพใ ใใฎใใจใ็ฅใใชใใป็ฅใใพใใใ ใใใใใใฏใพใ ใใฎใใจใใใใชใใปใใใพใใใใ้ ใฏใพใ ใใใพใใใ ใใใใฏใพใ ใใใพใใใ็งใฏใพใ ๆฅๆฌใธ่กใฃใใใจใใชใใ ใใใใฏใพใ ใซใปใใธใใฃใใใจใใชใใใใๆผใ้ฃฏใ้ฃในใพใใใใ / ใใใใพใ ้ฃในใฆใใพใใใใปใใใใพใ ใงใใ ใใใใใฏใใใในใพใใใใ / ใใใใพใ ใในใฆใใพใใใใปใใใใพใ ใงใใ Have you eaten your lunch yet? / No, I haven't eaten it yet. ใป No, not yet.
ๅบใใปใ ใ Something latent is realized. Who thought out that idea? ๅงใใใปใฏใใใ page 103ๅบใใปใ ใ Something latent is realized. After spending about an hour, I finally located that bookstore. ๅงใใใปใฏใใใ page 103
location- not location of existence. We drank coffee at a coffee shop. page 105location- not location of existence. Yuriko is working at a department store. page 105location- not location of existence. In Australia it is summer in December. page 105location- not location of existence. Mr. Shimazaki was healthy in Japan. page 105location- not location of existence. Helen sang on the stage for the first time. page 105starting point or source The party starts from eight o'clock. page 176starting point or source Today's class is from one o'clock till three o'clock. page 176starting point or source This bus came from New York. page 176starting point or source You can see Mt. Fuji from here. page 176starting point or source Who did you borrow the typewriter from? page 176starting point or source Sake is made out of rice. page 176After/since s.t. takes place After eating her supper, Yukiko went to a movie. page 177After/since s.t. takes place I left home after making a call to my friend. page 177After/since s.t. takes place Mr. Jones always goes to bed after taking a shower. page 177After/since s.t. takes place It's already been ten years since we bought this house. page 177After/since s.t. takes place Since he caused a traffic accident two years ago, Mr. Miller has been trying not to drive a car. page 177and Mike and Dick are students. page 474and I speak English and Japanese. page 474and Mr. Mills is planning to go to Germany, France and Spain next year. page 474and We eat steak with a knife and fork. page 474and Mr. Yamamoto and Mr. Smith are playing tennis. page 474and Japanese and Turkish are alike. page 474with; as; from I went to a party (together) with Andy. page 476with; as; from Tom often plays tennis with John. page 476with; as; from Ichiro married Midori. page 476with; as; from This car is the same as my car. page 476with; as; from Japanese cucumbers are a little different from American ones. page 476and; -ing Jim went to Japan and studied (there). page 464and; -ing Steaks here are inexpensive and delicious. page 464and; -ing This apartment is quiet and good. page 464and; -ing My father is a teacher and teaches English at senior high school. page 464and; -ing Taking off my coat, I hung it on a hanger. page 464and; -ing I've drunk too much wine and have a headache. page 464and; -ing My room is small and dark. page 464and; -ing This soup is salty (or (spicy) hot) and I can't drink it. page 464and; -ing I love tennis and often play with my friends. page 464
ใ ใ limit upon something growing, expanding Only Mr. Smith came. ใใใใฐใใใ page 93ใ ใ limit upon something growing, expanding I went to Japan only once. ใใใใฐใใใ page 94ใ ใ limit upon something growing, expanding I just dated Yukiko, that's all. ใใใใฐใใใ page 94ใ ใ limit upon something growing, expanding This house is big, that's all. ใใใใฐใใใ page 94ใ ใ limit upon something growing, expanding ใใฎใ่ๅญใฏ่ฒใๅฅ้บใชใ ใใ ใปใงใใ This cake has pretty colours, that's all. ใใใใฐใใใ page 94ใ ใ limit upon something growing, expanding Only Mr. Sato attended the conference. ใใใใฐใใใ page 94ใ ใ limit upon something growing, expanding I bought only a small Japanese-English dictionary. ใใใใฐใใใ page 94ใ ใ limit upon something growing, expanding Please tell it only to me/to me alone. ใใใใฐใใใ page 94ใ ใ limit upon something growing, expanding This car runs only on alcohol (and nothing else)/on alcohol alone (so it needs nothing else. ใใใใฐใใใ page 94ใ ใ limit upon something growing, expanding I met that professor only once. ใใใใฐใใใ page 94
both ~ and ~; neither ~ nor Both Mr. Tanaka and Mr. Nakayama are working for a department store. page 255both ~ and ~; neither ~ nor We can go to Kyoto by both bus and electric train. page 255both ~ and ~; neither ~ nor This house is neither big nor small. page 256both ~ and ~; neither ~ nor Both Japanese and Americans work hard. page 256both ~ and ~; neither ~ nor Mr. Yamakawa neither drinks nor smokes. page 256both ~ and ~; neither ~ nor I bought books for both my younger brother and sister. page 256both ~ and ~; neither ~ nor Kazue is neither beautiful nor ugly. page 256both ~ and ~; neither ~ nor This building is neither pretty nor magnificent. page 256
ใ and what's more; not only ~ but also ~; so I not only played tennis but also saw a movie today. ใใใใ page 395ใ and what's more; not only ~ but also ~; so Here it's hot in the summer, and what's more, it's cold in the winter. ใใใใ page 395ใ and what's more; not only ~ but also ~; so This apartment is clean, and what's more, it's inexpensive. ใใใใ page 395ใ and what's more; not only ~ but also ~; so I would like ot play, but there is an exam tomorrow, and I can't fool around. ใใใใ page 395ใ and what's more; not only ~ but also ~; so Not only did I find a job, but I was also able to get married, so I'm very happy. ใใใใ page 395ใ and what's more; not only ~ but also ~; so It's a nice day, so shall we go out somewhere? ใใใใ page 395ใ and what's more; not only ~ but also ~; so She's beautiful and what's more she's bright. ใใใใ page 395ใ and what's more; not only ~ but also ~; so I've bought a ticket for you, so let's go see it, by all means. ใใใใ page 395
in the process of doing ~; (in order) to do ~; for the purpose of ~ I used a dictionary to read Japanese newspapers. page 335in the process of doing ~; (in order) to do ~; for the purpose of ~ What do you need to make sukiyaki? page 335in the process of doing ~; (in order) to do ~; for the purpose of ~ It took me a month to write this paper. page 335in the process of doing ~; (in order) to do ~; for the purpose of ~ I am using the bus and the train to get to my company. page 335
๏ฝใจใใ called; that says ~; that I read a novel called Snow Country. page 486๏ฝใจใใ called; that says ~; that I heard the news that Mr. Yamada has been hospitalized. page 486๏ฝใจใใ called; that says ~; that I have the feeling that I have to keep hanging in there. page 486๏ฝใจใใ called; that says ~; that Have you ever seen the film called Seven Samurai? page 486๏ฝใจใใ called; that says ~; that Is the story that June is going to Japan true? page 486๏ฝใจใใ called; that says ~; that I am well aware of your feeling that you don't want to see him. page 486๏ฝใจใใ called; that says ~; that I completely forgot the fact that my friend is coming today. page 486
speaking of ~ (colloquial) Speaking of Americans, they love football, don't they? ๏ผใฎ๏ผใฏ๏ผ๏ฝใจ่จใใฐใป๏ฝใจใใใฐ๏ผใฃใใ๏ผ page 507speaking of ~ (colloquial) To memorize kanji, it's terribly hard, isn't it? ๏ผใฎ๏ผใฏ๏ผ๏ฝใจ่จใใฐใป๏ฝใจใใใฐ๏ผใฃใใ๏ผ page 508speaking of ~ (colloquial) Speaking of kanji, they are interesting, I tell you. ๏ผใฎ๏ผใฏ๏ผ๏ฝใจ่จใใฐใป๏ฝใจใใใฐ๏ผใฃใใ๏ผ page 508speaking of ~ (colloquial) Speaking of Japanese people, they love taking pictures, don't they? ๏ผใฎ๏ผใฏ๏ผ๏ฝใจ่จใใฐใป๏ฝใจใใใฐ๏ผใฃใใ๏ผ page 508speaking of ~ (colloquial) Living in a foreign country is hard, isn't it? ๏ผใฎ๏ผใฏ๏ผ๏ฝใจ่จใใฐใป๏ฝใจใใใฐ๏ผใฃใใ๏ผ page 508speaking of ~ (colloquial) It's good to have many trees, isn't it? ๏ผใฎ๏ผใฏ๏ผ๏ฝใจ่จใใฐใป๏ฝใจใใใฐ๏ผใฃใใ๏ผ page 508speaking of ~ (colloquial) It's good to have a spacious house, isn't it? ๏ผใฎ๏ผใฏ๏ผ๏ฝใจ่จใใฐใป๏ฝใจใใใฐ๏ผใฃใใ๏ผ page 508at the time when; when I learned the tea ceremony when I was in Japan. page 491
ๆใปใจใ at the time when; when Hiroshi caught a cold at exam time. page 491ๆใปใจใ at the time when; when Mr. Matsumoto always watches TV when he eats his breakfast. page 491ๆใปใจใ at the time when; when Terry bought a lot of juice when it was cheap. page 491ๆใปใจใ at the time when; when I read only when it's quiet. page 491ๆใปใจใ at the time when; when When I was a college student, my sister was only three. page 491
ๆใปใจใ at the time when; when I'll give this to you at the time of your departure. page 491ใใฎ๏ผใ ๏ผ because; how could~!; used to; should like to; should How come you don't go there? / 'Cause I'm busy. ใใ๏ผใฎใ page 257ใใฎ๏ผใ ๏ผ because; how could~!; used to; should like to; should How could you date that kind of guy! ใใ๏ผใฎใ page 257ใใฎ๏ผใ ๏ผ because; how could~!; used to; should like to; should I used to see movies a lot. ใใ๏ผใฎใ page 258ใใฎ๏ผใ ๏ผ because; how could~!; used to; should like to; should I'd like to live in such a nice house. ใใ๏ผใฎใ page 258ใใฎ๏ผใ ๏ผ because; how could~!; used to; should like to; should You should say โGood morningโ when you see people in the morning. ใใ๏ผใฎใ page 258ใใฎ๏ผใ ๏ผ because; how could~!; used to; should like to; should When one gets old, he wants to talk about his/her past. ใใ๏ผใฎใ page 258ใใฎ๏ผใ ๏ผ because; how could~!; used to; should like to; should Why don't you eat it? / 'Cause it doesn't taste good. ใใ๏ผใฎใ page 258ใใฎ๏ผใ ๏ผ because; how could~!; used to; should like to; should Why don't you read that book? / 'Cause I don't understand it well. ใใ๏ผใฎใ page 258ใใฎ๏ผใ ๏ผ because; how could~!; used to; should like to; should How could you do such a foolish thing! ใใ๏ผใฎใ page 258ใใฎ๏ผใ ๏ผ because; how could~!; used to; should like to; should The passing of days and months is so quick! ใใ๏ผใฎใ page 258ใใฎ๏ผใ ๏ผ because; how could~!; used to; should like to; should There used to be fish in this river, too. ใใ๏ผใฎใ page 258
thing which is intangible. I have a good suggestion for you. ใใฎ page 191thing which is intangible. Please tell me what you wrote in your thesis. ใใฎ page 191thing which is intangible. Mr. Brown knows a lot (of things) about Japanese universities. ใใฎ page 192thing which is intangible. I already told you everything that's important. ใใฎ page 192thing which is intangible. Do you remember what (=the thing which) the teacher said? ใใฎ page 192thing which is intangible. Forget about the exam. ใใฎ page 192
็ฉใใใปใคใใ intend to ~; be convinced that ~; believe; feel sure about ~; be going to; mean I intend to get married next year. ใฏใ๏ผ๏ฝใใใจๆใใป๏ฝใใใจใใใ page 503็ฉใใใปใคใใ intend to ~; be convinced that ~; believe; feel sure about ~; be going to; mean My father is convinced that he is still young. ใฏใ๏ผ๏ฝใใใจๆใใป๏ฝใใใจใใใ page 503็ฉใใใปใคใใ intend to ~; be convinced that ~; believe; feel sure about ~; be going to; mean I'm convinced that I read it carefully. ใฏใ๏ผ๏ฝใใใจๆใใป๏ฝใใใจใใใ page 504็ฉใใใปใคใใ intend to ~; be convinced that ~; believe; feel sure about ~; be going to; mean This is my intention of appreciation. ใฏใ๏ผ๏ฝใใใจๆใใป๏ฝใใใจใใใ page 504็ฉใใใปใคใใ intend to ~; be convinced that ~; believe; feel sure about ~; be going to; mean What do you intend to do during the vacation? ใฏใ๏ผ๏ฝใใใจๆใใป๏ฝใใใจใใใ page 504็ฉใใใปใคใใ intend to ~; be convinced that ~; believe; feel sure about ~; be going to; mean I have no intention of going to college. ใฏใ๏ผ๏ฝใใใจๆใใป๏ฝใใใจใใใ page 504็ฉใใใปใคใใ intend to ~; be convinced that ~; believe; feel sure about ~; be going to; mean I do not intend to see that kind of person. ใฏใ๏ผ๏ฝใใใจๆใใป๏ฝใใใจใใใ page 504็ฉใใใปใคใใ intend to ~; be convinced that ~; believe; feel sure about ~; be going to; mean I'm convinved that I'm still healthy. ใฏใ๏ผ๏ฝใใใจๆใใป๏ฝใใใจใใใ page 504็ฉใใใปใคใใ intend to ~; be convinced that ~; believe; feel sure about ~; be going to; mean I thought I talked to you about it, but I didn't, did I? ใฏใ๏ผ๏ฝใใใจๆใใป๏ฝใใใจใใใ page 504ใฏใ expectation something will take place or took place or s.o./s.t. is or was in some state I expect that Mr. Clark will go to the party. page 133ใฏใ expectation something will take place or took place or s.o./s.t. is or was in some state I expect that Prof. Ono knows Sandra. page 133ใฏใ expectation something will take place or took place or s.o./s.t. is or was in some state I expect that book was expensive. page 133ใฏใ expectation something will take place or took place or s.o./s.t. is or was in some state I expect that apartment is clean. page 133ใฏใ expectation something will take place or took place or s.o./s.t. is or was in some state I'm fairly sure that Ms. Carlson was a teacher before. page 133็บ๏ผใซ๏ผใปใใ๏ผใซ๏ผ on account of ~; for the benefit of ~; for the good of ~; for the sake of ~; on behalf of ~; for the purpose of ~; in order to ~; because of ~; owing to ~ Students study in preparation for exams. / Students study because there are exams. page 448็บ๏ผใซ๏ผใปใใ๏ผใซ๏ผ on account of ~; for the benefit of ~; for the good of ~; for the sake of ~; on behalf of ~; for the purpose of ~; in order to ~; because of ~; owing to ~ I'll go to Japan (in order) to learn about Japan. page 448็บ๏ผใซ๏ผใปใใ๏ผใซ๏ผ on account of ~; for the benefit of ~; for the good of ~; for the sake of ~; on behalf of ~; for the purpose of ~; in order to ~; because of ~; owing to ~ because it doesn't snow very much this year, we can't ski. page 448็บ๏ผใซ๏ผใปใใ๏ผใซ๏ผ on account of ~; for the benefit of ~; for the good of ~; for the sake of ~; on behalf of ~; for the purpose of ~; in order to ~; because of ~; owing to ~ There aren't (any) good dictionaries for foreigners. page 448็บ๏ผใซ๏ผใปใใ๏ผใซ๏ผ on account of ~; for the benefit of ~; for the good of ~; for the sake of ~; on behalf of ~; for the purpose of ~; in order to ~; because of ~; owing to ~ The Japanese work hard for the sake of their company. page 448็บ๏ผใซ๏ผใปใใ๏ผใซ๏ผ on account of ~; for the benefit of ~; for the good of ~; for the sake of ~; on behalf of ~; for the purpose of ~; in order to ~; because of ~; owing to ~ The school was closed because of the snow. page 448็บ๏ผใซ๏ผใปใใ๏ผใซ๏ผ on account of ~; for the benefit of ~; for the good of ~; for the sake of ~; on behalf of ~; for the purpose of ~; in order to ~; because of ~; owing to ~ Mr. Jackson went to Germany for the purpose of research. page 448็บ๏ผใซ๏ผใปใใ๏ผใซ๏ผ on account of ~; for the benefit of ~; for the good of ~; for the sake of ~; on behalf of ~; for the purpose of ~; in order to ~; because of ~; owing to ~ I couldn't go to college because my father died. page 448็บ๏ผใซ๏ผใปใใ๏ผใซ๏ผ on account of ~; for the benefit of ~; for the good of ~; for the sake of ~; on behalf of ~; for the purpose of ~; in order to ~; because of ~; owing to ~ I'm swimming every day in the pool in order to strengthen my body. page 448ใปใใใใ strongly suggested someone do something You'd better read Japanese books. ใใใฉใใงใใ page 138ใปใใใใ strongly suggested someone do something You'd better eat vegetables, too. ใใใฉใใงใใ page 138ใปใใใใ strongly suggested someone do something Had I better go home now? ใใใฉใใงใใ page 138ใปใใใใ strongly suggested someone do something Kazuko had better study English harder. ใใใฉใใงใใ page 138
embedded yes-no question I don't know whether or not Mr. Sukuzi entered college. page 169embedded yes-no question Do you know if Mr. Ogawa is married or not? page 169embedded yes-no question I don't know if Faulkner's novels are interesting. page 169embedded yes-no question I don't know if Prof. Yamaguchi is healthy. page 169even if ~ Even if I tell him that, he won't understand it. ใฆใ page 462even if ~ I will buy the ticket even if it is expensive. ใฆใ page 462even if ~ Even if I had money, I wouldn't want to buy a car. ใฆใ page 462even if ~ Even if I buy books, I'm too busy to read them. ใฆใ page 462even if ~ I don't care even if it is dirty. ใฆใ page 462even if ~ Even if it is far away and inconvenient, it doesn't matter if it is ' my home '. ใฆใ page 462even if ~ No matter how good a teacher may be, he sometimes makes mistakes. ใฆใ page 462someone or something moves away from speaker or speaker's viewpoint Mr. Tanaka is going to America next week. page 149someone or something moves away from speaker or speaker's viewpoint I went from Tokyo to Osaka by bus. page 150someone or something moves away from speaker or speaker's viewpoint I go to work at eight every morning. page 150someone or something moves away from speaker or speaker's viewpoint We are going to have a party at my place tonight. Wouldn't you like to come? / Yes, I'll come. page 150someone or something moves away from speaker or speaker's viewpoint Did the notice go to you, too? page 150someone or something moves away from speaker or speaker's viewpoint The bus goes to the village, too. page 150
ไธใใใปใใ ใใ polite request Please write in Japanese. page 209ไธใใใปใใ ใใ polite request Please don't use English. page 209ไธใใใปใใ ใใ polite request Please tell me the meaning of this word. page 209ไธใใใปใใ ใใ polite request Please don't call me late at night. page 209
give Mr. Okawa gave me a book. page 213give What did Bill give to you? page 213give Mr. Kawamura gave my daughter a record. page 213do s.t. (for me or s.o.); do me or s.o. a favour by doing s.t. My father bought a camera for me. page 216do s.t. (for me or s.o.); do me or s.o. a favour by doing s.t. Michio consoled me. page 217do s.t. (for me or s.o.); do me or s.o. a favour by doing s.t. My mother baked a cake for me. page 217do s.t. (for me or s.o.); do me or s.o. a favour by doing s.t. Ms. Walker is kindly teaching my son English. page 217do s.t. (for me or s.o.); do me or s.o. a favour by doing s.t. What did your children do for you? page 217come; visit; show up Mr. Tanaka will come to my house tomorrow. page 219come; visit; show up Did Nancy came to the party yesterday? page 219come; visit; show up I was told that Mr. Kiguchi is coming to Nagoya next week. page 219come; visit; show up Hello, please tell my wife to come home right away if she (lit. comes to see you) drops by. page 219come; visit; show up Today's newspaper hasn't come yet. page 219come; visit; show up Please come to my office tomorrow. page 219
๏ฝใจใใฆ as; in the capacity of Mr. Tanaka was hired as a salesman. page 501๏ฝใจใใฆ as; in the capacity of I'll tell you (this) as a doctor. page 501๏ฝใจใใฆ as; in the capacity of I'm just keeping company with Mr. Kimura as a friend. page 501๏ฝใจใใฆ as; in the capacity of I'm using this room as a storeroom. page 501
do not do s.t. and; without doing ~ Nancy went to school yesterday without eating her breakfast. ใชใใฆ๏ผใใซ page 271do not do s.t. and; without doing ~ Mr. Nakada didn't go to Osaka; he went to Kyoto. ใชใใฆ๏ผใใซ page 271do not do s.t. and; without doing ~ Please read it without using a dictionary. ใชใใฆ๏ผใใซ page 271do not do s.t. and; without doing ~ Please don't go home yet. ใชใใฆ๏ผใใซ page 271
do not do s.t. and; without doing ~ I want you not to call me. ใชใใฆ๏ผใใซ page 271do not do s.t. and; without doing ~ I want you to not make noises. ใชใใฆ๏ผใใซ page 271
ใชใใฆ indicates a cause/reason for a state or action I couldn't get up at seven and was late for work (at my company). ใชใใง๏ผใชใใใ๏ผใชใใฎใง๏ผใชใใฆใ page 279ใชใใฆ indicates a cause/reason for a state or action I didn't understand the teacher's explanation and had a difficult time. ใชใใง๏ผใชใใใ๏ผใชใใฎใง๏ผใชใใฆใ page 279ใชใใฆ indicates a cause/reason for a state or action It's regrettable that I couldn't speak Japanese in Japan. ใชใใง๏ผใชใใใ๏ผใชใใฎใง๏ผใชใใฆใ page 279ใชใใฆ indicates a cause/reason for a state or action The exam wasn't difficult and it was good, wasn't it? ใชใใง๏ผใชใใใ๏ผใชใใฎใง๏ผใชใใฆใ page 279ใชใใฆ indicates a cause/reason for a state or action My handwriting is so poor that I feel ashamed. ใชใใง๏ผใชใใใ๏ผใชใใฎใง๏ผใชใใฆใ page 279ใชใใฆ indicates a cause/reason for a state or action He wasn't a strict teacher and it was good. ใชใใง๏ผใชใใใ๏ผใชใใฎใง๏ผใชใใฆใ page 279ใใใ look like; look as if; be like; appear; seem It appears that Mr. Sugiyama is going to America. page 547ใใใ look like; look as if; be like; appear; seem Mr. Ueda appears to like boxing. page 548ใใใ look like; look as if; be like; appear; seem That person looks like Prof. Tanaka. page 548ใใใ look like; look as if; be like; appear; seem Has Mr. Ishii gone home already? / Yes, it looks like it. page 548ใใใ look like; look as if; be like; appear; seem It seems that Mr. Kimura drank sake yesterday. page 548ใใใ look like; look as if; be like; appear; seem This problem seems to be a little difficult for the students. page 548ใใใ look like; look as if; be like; appear; seem It seems that this place used to be a school. page 548ใใใ look like; look as if; be like; appear; seem This sake is like water. page 548
something desired I want a car. ใใ page 144something desired My little brother wants a bike. ใใ page 144something desired I want a Japanese friend. ใใ page 144something desired What do you want now? ใใ page 144something desired Pam wants a stereo. ใใ page 144
ใ ใ WH-question - informal male What place is quiet? page 90ใ ใ WH-question - informal male Who is going? page 90ใ ใ WH-question - informal male How's your new job? page 90ใ ใ WH-question - informal male Who is that person? page 90ใ ใ WH-question - informal male What's funny? page 90ใ ใ WH-question - informal male Which person is Prof. Sato? page 90ๅคใใปใใใ a lot In Japan universities are many. ๅคงๅขใปใใใใ๏ผๆฒขๅฑฑใปใใใใ page 354ๅคใใปใใใ a lot There are many temples in Kyoto. ๅคงๅขใปใใใใ๏ผๆฒขๅฑฑใปใใใใ page 354ๅคใใปใใใ a lot There are many mistakes in Mr. Ross's compositions. ๅคงๅขใปใใใใ๏ผๆฒขๅฑฑใปใใใใ page 354ๅคใใปใใใ a lot There is a lot of snow in January. ๅคงๅขใปใใใใ๏ผๆฒขๅฑฑใปใใใใ page 354ใใ person other than the speaker show signs of ~ Kazuo wanted a sports car. page 123ใใ person other than the speaker show signs of ~ Mr Ueda wanted to eat ice cream. page 123ใใ person other than the speaker show signs of ~ Susan feels lonely by herself. page 123ใใ person other than the speaker show signs of ~ My child wants to go to sleep. page 123
point of time s.t. takes place I get up at six thirty every morning. page 289point of time s.t. takes place I was born on April 1st. page 289point of time s.t. takes place This morning I left home at five thirty. page 289point of time s.t. takes place I intend to make a trip abroad next summer. page 289point of time s.t. takes place I wrote a letter while my children were away at school. page 289point of time s.t. takes place ใใชใใฏใ ใใใใซใใใจใ๏ผใซ๏ผใใพใฎใใใใใจใงใใฃใใ Tanaka met his present wife when he was in college. page 289indirect object I often write letters to my mother. page 291indirect object My father gave me a watch. page 291indirect object Prof. Kato is teaching Japanese literature to American students. page 291indirect object I gave a little money to my younger sister. page 291indirect object I called Mr. Imai, but he wasn't there. page 291indirect object Prof. Okawa showed various dictionaries to his students. page 291
ใใจใง take place after Mr. Mason became ill after he went to Japan. ใใ๏ผใฆใใ page 78ใใจใง take place after After the class I went to the library. ใใ๏ผใฆใใ page 78ใใจใง take place after I studied right after I had eaten my meal. ใใ๏ผใฆใใ page 78ใใจใง take place after Mr. Yamada fell asleep after he drank beer. ใใ๏ผใฆใใ page 78ใใจใง take place after I went back to tokyo after the war ended. ใใ๏ผใฆใใ page 78ใใจใง take place after I played tennis after my meal. ใใ๏ผใฆใใ page 78ใฐ preceding clause expresses a condition If you take this medicine, you'll get well. page 81ใฐ preceding clause expresses a condition You'll understand it if you ask Prof. Matumoto. page 81ใฐ preceding clause expresses a condition You can get to that town in thirty minutes if you go by car. page 81ใฐ preceding clause expresses a condition I'll buy it if it's cheap./I would buy it if were cheap. page 81ใฐ preceding clause expresses a condition If I have time, I want to go to Kyoto too./If I had time, I would want to go to Kyoto, too. page 81ใฐ preceding clause expresses a condition If you want to see it, see it. page 81๏ฝใใ if; when; after When/If Mr. Yamada comes, I'll go home. page 452๏ฝใใ if; when; after When I asked my teacher, I understood right away. page 452๏ฝใใ if; when; after I'll be an elementary school teacher after graduating from college. page 452๏ฝใใ if; when; after I'm busy, so I'll read it if it's interesting, but I won't if it's not interesting. page 452๏ฝใใ if; when; after If you don't like it, please leave it. page 452๏ฝใใ if; when; after I think I'll understand it if it's English. page 452ใชใ if If it is true that Matsumada will come, I won't go. page 281ใชใ if If you go to Chicago, go by bus. page 281ใชใ if If Sugita has come, I'll go home. page 281ใชใ if If it is that expensive, I can't buy it. page 281ใชใ if If you like Mr. Yamada, why don't you write a letter to him? page 281ใชใ if If it is Prof. Takahashi, he probably knowns about it. page 281๏ฝใฏใใใชใ cannot do s.t.; must not do s.t.; Don't do s.t.; should not do s.t. You must not enter this room. ๏ฝใฏใชใใชใ page 528๏ฝใฏใใใชใ cannot do s.t.; must not do s.t.; Don't do s.t.; should not do s.t. You must not eat (food) in the classroom. ๏ฝใฏใชใใชใ page 528๏ฝใฏใใใชใ cannot do s.t.; must not do s.t.; Don't do s.t.; should not do s.t. Hanako must/can not drink alcohol yet. ๏ฝใฏใชใใชใ page 528
have to; must; need Don't you have work today? / Yes, I have work. page 274have to; must; need Basketball players have to be big. page 274have to; must; need Libraries have to be quiet. page 275have to; must; need Speaking of this job, it has to be students. page 275have to; must; need I have to get up at five tomorrow morning. page 275have to; must; need That room has to be a bit larger. page 275have to; must; need To do this job, your English has to be good. page 275have to; must; need To use this golf course, you have to be a member. page 275
ใช don't do ~ Don't smoke! page 266ใช don't do ~ Don't drink too much sake! page 266ใช don't do ~ Don't go to such a place any more! page 266ใช don't do ~ Don't marry that kind of man! page 266ใช don't do ~ Don't come home any more! page 266ใฆใ even if; although I'll go there even if it rains. page 468
ใฆใ even if; although I'll go out even if it is cold. page 468ใฆใ even if; although Even if I were Tom, I would probably have done the same thing. page 468ใฆใ even if; although Mr. Nakayama doesn't read books even if he buys them. page 468ใฆใ even if; although I didn't get tired although I walked for four hours. page 468ใฆใ even if; although No matter what I eat, it tastes good. page 468ใฆใ even if; although No matter who I asked, I couldn't get the answer. page 468๏ฝใฆใใใ may; It is all right if Is it all right even if I smoke? / Yes, you may. ๏ฝใฏใใใชใ page 471๏ฝใฆใใใ may; It is all right if May I smoke here? ๏ฝใฏใใใชใ page 471๏ฝใฆใใใ may; It is all right if It is all right if it's expensive. ๏ฝใฏใใใชใ page 471๏ฝใฆใใใ may; It is all right if It is all right if you are a student. ๏ฝใฏใใใชใ page 471๏ฝใฆใใใ may; It is all right if May I used this chair? ๏ฝใฏใใใชใ page 471๏ฝใฆใใใ may; It is all right if Today's homework assignment is a composition. It is all right if it's short, but please write an interesting one. ๏ฝใฏใใใชใ page 471๏ฝใฆใใใ may; It is all right if Wouldn't you like to play tennis? / Is it all right if I'm poor at it? ๏ฝใฏใใใชใ page 471๏ฝใฆใใใ may; It is all right if I want to drink something cold. / Will beer do? ๏ฝใฏใใใชใ page 471่ฆใใปใฟใ do s.t. to see what it's like or what will happen I will read Japanese novels (to see what they are like). ใใใจใใ page 246่ฆใใปใฟใ do s.t. to see what it's like or what will happen Since it seemed interesting, I went to the concert (to see what it was like). ใใใจใใ page 246่ฆใใปใฟใ do s.t. to see what it's like or what will happen Sashimi here is good. Will you try it? ใใใจใใ page 246ใใพใ have done s.t.; finish doing s.t.; finish s.t. up Mr. Ikeda finished reading the book in three days. ๏ฝ็ตใใใป๏ฝใใใ page 403ใใพใ have done s.t.; finish doing s.t.; finish s.t. up I (mistakenly) drank my roommate's milk. ๏ฝ็ตใใใป๏ฝใใใ page 403ใใพใ have done s.t.; finish doing s.t.; finish s.t. up Have you done your homework yet? ๏ฝ็ตใใใป๏ฝใใใ page 403ใใพใ have done s.t.; finish doing s.t.; finish s.t. up I think that I will finish (writing) the report today. ๏ฝ็ตใใใป๏ฝใใใ page 403ใใพใ have done s.t.; finish doing s.t.; finish s.t. up Finish (eating) your meal quickly. ๏ฝ็ตใใใป๏ฝใใใ page 403ใใพใ have done s.t.; finish doing s.t.; finish s.t. up I made too much stew (to my regret). ๏ฝ็ตใใใป๏ฝใใใ page 403ใใ do s.t. in advance for the future convenience Since we are having a party tomorrow, I bought some beer for it. page 357ใใ do s.t. in advance for the future convenience Since I'm having a guest at noon today, I had my lunch earlier. page 357ใใ do s.t. in advance for the future convenience Since I'm going to Japan next year, I will study a little Japanese ahead of time. page 357ใ ใใ conjecture not based on particular information, evidence Ms. Anderson will probably go to Japan. page 100ใ ใใ conjecture not based on particular information, evidence That apartment is probably expensive. page 100ใ ใใ conjecture not based on particular information, evidence Roger is probably good at skiing. page 100ใ ใใ conjecture not based on particular information, evidence That man is probably Chinese. page 100ใใใใใชใ Can't tell if ~ It might rain in the afternoon. page 173ใใใใใชใ Can't tell if ~ That teacher's class might be dull. page 174ใใใใใชใ Can't tell if ~ They cherry blossoms in Kyoto might still be beautiful. page 174ใใใใใชใ Can't tell if ~ It might be very cold this winter. page 174ใใใใใชใ Can't tell if ~ He might have forgotten about today's party. page 174ใใใใใชใ Can't tell if ~ This movie might be uninteresting for you. page 174ใใใใใชใ Can't tell if ~ Chinese grammar might be simpler than Japanese grammar. page 174ใใใใใชใ Can't tell if ~ That might be Prof. Suzuki. page 174๏ฝใชใใ polite imperative Eat more. ไธใใใปใใ ใใ page 284๏ฝใชใใ polite imperative Don't play. Study. ไธใใใปใใ ใใ page 284๏ฝใชใใ polite imperative Come hone early, OK? ไธใใใปใใ ใใ page 284๏ฝใชใใ polite imperative It's late now, so brush your teeth and go to bed. ไธใใใปใใ ใใ page 284ใใจใๅบๆฅใใปใงใใ doing s.t. is possible Mr. Taguchi can speak Chinese. page 200ใใจใๅบๆฅใใปใงใใ doing s.t. is possible If you take the bullet train, you can get to Osaka in three hours. page 200ใใจใๅบๆฅใใปใงใใ doing s.t. is possible Oda was able to play Bach at the age of six. page 200ใใจใๅบๆฅใใปใงใใ doing s.t. is possible Mr. Johnson can write letters in Japanese. page 200๏ฝใฏ๏ฝใ relates a non-controllable state of s.t. or s.o. to a topic To me, English is understandable. page 525๏ฝใฏ๏ฝใ relates a non-controllable state of s.t. or s.o. to a topic Speaking of Hanako, her eyes are pretty. page 525๏ฝใฏ๏ฝใ relates a non-controllable state of s.t. or s.o. to a topic Talking about dictionaries, Webster's is good. page 525๏ฝใฏ๏ฝใ relates a non-controllable state of s.t. or s.o. to a topic Takashi is good at tennis. page 525๏ฝใฏ๏ฝใ relates a non-controllable state of s.t. or s.o. to a topic I want a boyfriend. page 525๏ฝใฏ๏ฝใ relates a non-controllable state of s.t. or s.o. to a topic I like football. page 525๏ฝใฏ๏ฝใ relates a non-controllable state of s.t. or s.o. to a topic Elephants have long trunks. page 525๏ฝใฏ๏ฝใ relates a non-controllable state of s.t. or s.o. to a topic I am hungry. page 525
gives s.t. to s.o I gave Yoshiko flowers. page 63gives s.t. to s.o Ms. Ono gave Mr. Yamamoto a book. page 63gives s.t. to s.o What did you give to Ann? page 63get; receive; be given I got a book from Mr. Yamamoto. page 261get; receive; be given Mr. Yamakawa got whiskey from Mr. Hashimoto. page 261get; receive; be given What did you get from Mr. Morris? page 261I hear that ~; I heard that ~; People say that ~ I heard that Mr. Yamakawa is studying French. page 408I hear that ~; I heard that ~; People say that ~ I heard that Mr. Shimizu doesn't drink any alcohol. page 408I hear that ~; I heard that ~; People say that ~ I heard that meat in Japan is very expensive. page 408I hear that ~; I heard that ~; People say that ~ I heard that Toshiko speaks very good English. page 408I hear that ~; I heard that ~; People say that ~ I heard that Mr. King is a teacher of English. page 408
ใใใง and; because of that; that is why; therefore; so I had a cold yesterday. That's why I took a day off from school. ใ ใใ๏ผใฎใง page 413ใใใง and; because of that; that is why; therefore; so I had some business in Osaka. That's why I wasn't here yesterday. ใ ใใ๏ผใฎใง page 413ใใใง and; because of that; that is why; therefore; so Yesterday I had to run an errand in Osaka. / Oh, that why you weren't here. ใ ใใ๏ผใฎใง page 413ใใใง and; because of that; that is why; therefore; so Yesterday I played pingpong with Mr. Ogawa. / That's why he bought a new paddle last week. ใ ใใ๏ผใฎใง page 413ใใใ ~ish; like a ~; typical of ~; appropriate for~; becoming of ~ It seems that Mr. Matsuda is going to America. page 373ใใใ ~ish; like a ~; typical of ~; appropriate for~; becoming of ~ Mr. Sugimoto seems to have gone home already. page 373ใใใ ~ish; like a ~; typical of ~; appropriate for~; becoming of ~ That school's entrance exam seems difficult. page 373ใใใ ~ish; like a ~; typical of ~; appropriate for~; becoming of ~ This neighbourhood seems very quiet. page 373ใใใ ~ish; like a ~; typical of ~; appropriate for~; becoming of ~ That story seem the truth. page 373ใใใ ~ish; like a ~; typical of ~; appropriate for~; becoming of ~ This place seems to be a school. page 373
so that Please write it neatly so that I can read it. page 553so that I'm taking care of myself so that I don't catch a cold. page 553so that Mr. Smith spoke English slowly so that I could understand him. page 553so that I went there by taxi so that I wouldn't be late. page 553so that I took medicine so that I would recover from illness. page 553so that I bought some interesting-looking books so that my child would read books. page 553
๏ฝใฎใฏ๏ฝใ it is ~ that ~; the one who ~ is ~; the place where ~ is ~; the reason why ~ is ~; the time when ~ is ~; what ~ is ~ page 337๏ฝใฎใฏ๏ฝใ it is ~ that ~; the one who ~ is ~; the place where ~ is ~; the reason why ~ is ~; the time when ~ is ~; what ~ is ~ The brightest one in this class is Mr. Yoshida. page 338๏ฝใฎใฏ๏ฝใ it is ~ that ~; the one who ~ is ~; the place where ~ is ~; the reason why ~ is ~; the time when ~ is ~; what ~ is ~ ใใใงใใกใฐใใใใใชใฎใฏใใพใ ใปใงใใ The most beautiful things here are mountains. page 338๏ฝใฎใฏ๏ฝใ it is ~ that ~; the one who ~ is ~; the place where ~ is ~; the reason why ~ is ~; the time when ~ is ~; what ~ is ~ Mr. Yamada, when was it that you went to Chicago? page 338๏ฝใฎใฏ๏ฝใ it is ~ that ~; the one who ~ is ~; the place where ~ is ~; the reason why ~ is ~; the time when ~ is ~; what ~ is ~ It was Akiko who came to see me the day before yesterday. page 338๏ฝใฎใฏ๏ฝใ it is ~ that ~; the one who ~ is ~; the place where ~ is ~; the reason why ~ is ~; the time when ~ is ~; what ~ is ~ It was during my freshman year that I become very fond of Mozart. page 338๏ฝใฎใฏ๏ฝใ it is ~ that ~; the one who ~ is ~; the place where ~ is ~; the reason why ~ is ~; the time when ~ is ~; what ~ is ~ It is television that my father hates. page 338
็งใไธญๅฝใซ่กใฃใใฎใฏไธๅนดๅใ ใปใงใใ ใใใใใกใ ใใใใซใใฃใใฎใฏใใใญใใพใใ ใปใงใใ It was three years ago that I went to China. ใป The time when I went to China was three years ago. ใฎ (3)ใใฎใฏใฉในใงไธ็ช้ ญใใใใฎใฏๅ็ฐใใใ ใปใงใใ ใใฎใฏใฉในใงใใกใฐใใใใพใใใใฎใฏใใใ ใใใ ใปใงใใ ใฎ (3)ใใใงไธ็ชๅฅ้บใชใฎใฏๅฑฑใ ใปใงใใ ใฎ (3)ๅฑฑ็ฐใใใใใชใใใทใซใดใซ่กใฃใใฎใฏใใคใงใใใ ใใพใ ใใใใใชใใใทใซใดใซใใฃใใฎใฏใใคใงใใใ ใฎ (3)ไธๆจๆฅ้ใณใซๆฅใใฎใฏ็งๅญใใใงใใ ใใจใจใใใใณใซใใใฎใฏใใใใใใงใใ ใฎ (3)ใขใผใใขใซใใๅคงๅฅฝใใซใชใฃใใฎใฏๅคงๅญฆไธๅนดใฎๆใงใใ ใขใผใใขใซใใใ ใใใใซใชใฃใใฎใฏใ ใใใใใกใญใใฎใจใใงใใ ใฎ (3)็ถใๅซใใชใฎใฏใใฌใใ ใ ใกใกใใใใใชใฎใฏใใฌใใ ใ ใฎ (3)
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๏ฝใฎใฏ๏ฝใ it is ~ that ~; the one who ~ is ~; the place where ~ is ~; the reason why ~ is ~; the time when ~ is ~; what ~ is ~ What is delicious in Japan is fruit. page 338-ness; -ly This size of this house is just right. page 381-ness; -ly What is the approximate height of Mt. Fuji? page 381-ness; -ly I'm now well aware of the difficulty of Japanese. page 381-ness; -ly One of America's good qualities is perhaps its pioneering spirit. page 381combines two sentences John came but Mary didn't (come). ใ ใ๏ผใ ใใฉ๏ผใงใ๏ผใใใงใ๏ผใใใ page 121combines two sentences I drink beer but don't drink sake. ใ ใ๏ผใ ใใฉ๏ผใงใ๏ผใใใงใ๏ผใใใ page 121combines two sentences I want to travel but I don't have the money. ใ ใ๏ผใ ใใฉ๏ผใงใ๏ผใใใงใ๏ผใใใ page 121
ใชใฉ and so on; and the like; for example; things like~ Among Japanese foods I like things like sushi and tempura. ใชใใ page 267ใชใฉ and so on; and the like; for example; things like~ Where shall we go during the winter vacation? / How about Hawaii, for example? ใชใใ page 267ใชใฉ and so on; and the like; for example; things like~ In college I studied French and German and the like. ใชใใ page 267ใชใฉ and so on; and the like; for example; things like~ A lot of students from China, Korea and so on come to this college. ใชใใ page 267ใชใฉ and so on; and the like; for example; things like~ Are you going to major in economics? / No, I have no intention of majoring in things like economics. ใชใใ page 267ใชใฉ and so on; and the like; for example; things like~ Could you kindly translate this for me? / A person like me cannot translate such a difficult thing. ใชใใ page 267
than; rather ~ than ~; more ~ than ~ Japanese is more interesting than Spanish. ๏ฝใปใใ๏ฝใใ page 564than; rather ~ than ~; more ~ than ~ Going by car is cheaper than going by bus. ๏ฝใปใใ๏ฝใใ page 565than; rather ~ than ~; more ~ than ~ I'd rather stay at home than go on a trip. ๏ฝใปใใ๏ฝใใ page 565than; rather ~ than ~; more ~ than ~ There is no other way than this. / There is no other way than to go by bus. ๏ฝใปใใ๏ฝใใ page 565than; rather ~ than ~; more ~ than ~ kanji is more difficult than hiragana. ๏ฝใปใใ๏ฝใใ page 565than; rather ~ than ~; more ~ than ~ Mr. Hayashi can run faster than I can. ๏ฝใปใใ๏ฝใใ page 565than; rather ~ than ~; more ~ than ~ I prefer fish to steak. ๏ฝใปใใ๏ฝใใ page 565than; rather ~ than ~; more ~ than ~ Studying at the library is more productive than studyign at home. ๏ฝใปใใ๏ฝใใ page 565than; rather ~ than ~; more ~ than ~ That was closer to brown rather than saying it was red. ๏ฝใปใใ๏ฝใใ page 565
ใฐใใ only; just; be ready to do s.t.; have just done s.t.; just did s.t.; be just going s.t.; about The only thing left to do with the dessert is to eat it./The dessert is ready to eat. page 84ใฐใใ only; just; be ready to do s.t.; have just done s.t.; just did s.t.; be just going s.t.; about The only thing Tomoko is doing is playing./Tomoko is doing nothing but playing. page 84ใฐใใ only; just; be ready to do s.t.; have just done s.t.; just did s.t.; be just going s.t.; about I had my lunch and haven't done anything else since then. page 84ใฐใใ only; just; be ready to do s.t.; have just done s.t.; just did s.t.; be just going s.t.; about The only merit of this restaurant is that the food is inexpensive. page 84ใฐใใ only; just; be ready to do s.t.; have just done s.t.; just did s.t.; be just going s.t.; about Dennis is drinking only beer. page 85ใฐใใ only; just; be ready to do s.t.; have just done s.t.; just did s.t.; be just going s.t.; about I was in Paris for about a month. page 85ใฐใใ only; just; be ready to do s.t.; have just done s.t.; just did s.t.; be just going s.t.; about The only thing left to do with this report is to write a conclusion. page 85ใฐใใ only; just; be ready to do s.t.; have just done s.t.; just did s.t.; be just going s.t.; about Harue is just crying and won't talk about anything. page 85ใฐใใ only; just; be ready to do s.t.; have just done s.t.; just did s.t.; be just going s.t.; about Mr. Matsuyama has just arrived in Chicago now. page 85ใฐใใ only; just; be ready to do s.t.; have just done s.t.; just did s.t.; be just going s.t.; about This job is troublesome and doesn't bring us big profits. page 85ใฐใใ only; just; be ready to do s.t.; have just done s.t.; just did s.t.; be just going s.t.; about The students who are living in this dorm are all boys. page 85ใ๏ฝใใ speaker's politeness to someone when describing the speaker's action or state that involves or affects that person I carried my teacher's suitcase. ใ๏ฝใซใชใ page 360ใ๏ฝใใ speaker's politeness to someone when describing the speaker's action or state that involves or affects that person I will tell you about that matter. ใ๏ฝใซใชใ page 360ใ๏ฝใใ speaker's politeness to someone when describing the speaker's action or state that involves or affects that person Mr. Yamamura borrowed a book from his teacher. ใ๏ฝใซใชใ page 360
there was a time when ~ I have been to Europe. page 196there was a time when ~ There was a time when lettuce was very expensive. page 196there was a time when ~ I have taught English at a junior high school. page 196there was a time when ~ Mr. Ogawa hasn't played golf yet. page 196there was a time when ~ There was a time when I read a lot of Japanese novels. page 196there was a time when ~ There was a time when Susan liked jazz a lot. page 196there was a time when ~ There was a time when I was a professional baseball player. page 196Someone, something needs something You need an English-Japanese dictionary. page 157Someone, something needs something I need money now. page 157Someone, something needs something Do you need some tools? page 157Someone, something needs something This car needs a lot of gas. page 157
ใ๏ฝใซใชใ speaker's respect for someone when describing person's action or state Prof. Tanaka already went home. page 358ใ๏ฝใซใชใ speaker's respect for someone when describing person's action or state Have you read this book yet? page 358ใ๏ฝใซใชใ speaker's respect for someone when describing person's action or state Prof. Goodman has forgotten my name. page 358ใใ approximately Mr. Suzuki leaves home at about 7:00 o'clock in the morning. ใใใใปใใใ page 126ใใ approximately About when are you going to Beijing? / I'm going there around June of next year. ใใใใปใใใ page 126ใใ approximately Until about what time were you asleep this morning? / I was asleep unti about 10 o'clock. ใใใใปใใใ page 126ใใ approximately About this time last year it snowed heavily, didn't it? ใใใใปใใใ page 126๏ฝใใใจๆใใป๏ฝใใใจใใใ ~that ~ will I think I will read Japanese history (books). ็ฉใใใปใคใใ page 569๏ฝใใใจๆใใป๏ฝใใใจใใใ ~that ~ will I think I will not drink alcohol any longer. ็ฉใใใปใคใใ page 569๏ฝใใใจๆใใป๏ฝใใใจใใใ ~that ~ will I think I will climb the Japan Alps during summer vacation. ็ฉใใใปใคใใ page 569๏ฝใใใจๆใใป๏ฝใใใจใใใ ~that ~ will Mr. Mori is thinking of buying a word processor. ็ฉใใใปใคใใ page 569
~that ~ will I think that I won't talk to that person any more. ็ฉใใใปใคใใ page 569ใใจใซใชใ event takes places as if spontaneously, irrespective of the speaker's volition I'm going to be transferred to Osaka next year. ใใจใซใใ page 202ใใจใซใชใ event takes places as if spontaneously, irrespective of the speaker's volition In Japan cars are supposed to be driven on the left side of the street. ใใจใซใใ page 202ใใจใซใชใ event takes places as if spontaneously, irrespective of the speaker's volition It has decided that I will be employed at a company beginning next month. ใใจใซใใ page 202ใใจใซใชใ event takes places as if spontaneously, irrespective of the speaker's volition Perhaps it will turn out that Mr. Jansen will teach English in Japan. ใใจใซใใ page 202ใใจใซใชใ event takes places as if spontaneously, irrespective of the speaker's volition It's been arranged that I will get married next June. ใใจใซใใ page 202ใใจใซใชใ event takes places as if spontaneously, irrespective of the speaker's volition Mr. Smith is supposed to teach English in Japan. ใใจใซใใ page 202ใใจใซใชใ event takes places as if spontaneously, irrespective of the speaker's volition Today (it's been arranged that) I'm seeing Prof. Yamada. ใใจใซใใ page 202
it is that ~ How come you are crying? / 'Cause mommy's gone. ใฎใ page 322it is that ~ He is so gentle, you know. ใฎใ page 322it is that ~ My mother is still quite fine. ใฎใ page 323it is that ~ My husband is an engineer. ใฎใ page 323it is that ~ How come you don't eat it? / 'Cause I'm not hungry. ใฎใ page 323it is that ~ What's the matter with you? / I have a headache. ใฎใ page 323it is that ~ My child is still in grade school. ใฎใ page 323it is that ~ My university was Princeton. ใฎใ page 323
ใใใชใ If that is the case, / then; in that case I have a headache. / In that case, go to sleep right away. ใใใงใฏ page 419ใใใชใ If that is the case, / then; in that case Wouldn't you like to go see a movie? / I have an exam tomorrow. / Then, how about the day after tomorrow? ใใใงใฏ page 419ใใใชใ If that is the case, / then; in that case How long did you stay in Japan? / Three years. / Then, you must know a lot about Japan. ใใใงใฏ page 419ๅฐใชใใปใใใชใ few; a small number of; little; a small quantity of ~ In this town good restaurants are few. ๅ ใใปใใใ page 427ๅฐใชใใปใใใชใ few; a small number of; little; a small quantity of ~ The number of female students at this college is small. ๅ ใใปใใใ page 427ๅฐใชใใปใใใชใ few; a small number of; little; a small quantity of ~ There are few crimes in Japan. ๅ ใใปใใใ page 427ๅฐใชใใปใใใชใ few; a small number of; little; a small quantity of ~ Foreigners who can write Japanese are very few. ๅ ใใปใใใ page 427
location from which some movement begins I leave home at 7:30 in the morning. page 351location from which some movement begins A train came out of the tunnel. page 351location from which some movement begins I met a friend when I got off the bus. page 351location from which some movement begins He left Japan and is living abroad. page 351cause of some human emotion Jiro was saddened at his father's death. page 352cause of some human emotion Jiro was sad that his father died. page 352
cause of some human emotion I was happy about Hiroshi's entering college. page 352cause of some human emotion Europeans are afraid that war will break out again. page 352cause of some human emotion Nobuko nostalgically recollected her year in Kyoto. page 352cause of some human emotion Hayashi is worried that he cannot speak English. page 352agent or source in passive, causative constructions Kazuo's friend read Kazuo's letter (and Kazuo was unhappy). page 293agent or source in passive, causative constructions Akiko made Hiroshi fix a meal. page 293agent or source in passive, causative constructions I had my car bought by my father. page 293agent or source in passive, causative constructions Jane took lessons in flower arranging from Mrs. Yamano. page 293agent or source in passive, causative constructions The child was scolded by its mother. page 293agent or source in passive, causative constructions From whom did you receive that tie? / I received it from my father. page 293agent or source in passive, causative constructions I had an American teach me English. page 293agent or source in passive, causative constructions My older brother made me drive for as long as five hours. page 293agent or source in passive, causative constructions I heard that Mr. Yoshida got married. / Is that right? Who told you so? page 293on; onto A child has drawn a picture on the paper. page 295on; onto Please write your name and address here. page 295on; onto A helicopter landed on the top of the mountain. page 295on; onto Please hang your overcoat on the hanger. page 295on; onto It's dangerous to keep standing in such a place. page 295use of something for doing something. Mr. Miyamoto goes to his company by bus everyday. ใใคใใฃใฆ page 106use of something for doing something. Japanese people eat rice with chopsticks. ใใคใใฃใฆ page 106use of something for doing something. We talked in Japanese. ใใคใใฃใฆ page 106use of something for doing something. I saw the movie on TV. ใใคใใฃใฆ page 106use of something for doing something. We make toufu from soybeans. ใใคใใฃใฆ page 106use of something for doing something. Larry bought this chair for ten dollars. ใใคใใฃใฆ page 106weak casual relationship Because Mr. Yamaguchi was ill, he didn't come to school. page 107weak casual relationship I'm having an awful time because of tomorrow's final exam. page 107weak casual relationship Heavy rain destroyed the bridge. page 107weak casual relationship Because of my work I got very tired last night. page 107weak casual relationship My father was hospitalised due to a traffic accident. page 107have Yoko has long legs. ๏ฝใฏ๏ฝใ page 434have kazuo has a strong body. ๏ฝใฏ๏ฝใ page 434have This table has a round shape. ๏ฝใฏ๏ฝใ page 434fear; smell; hear I heard children's voices. page 435fear; smell; hear This fish tastes funny, doesn't it? page 435fear; smell; hear This cloth feels rough. page 435fear; smell; hear This flower smells good. page 435fear; smell; hear I feel a chill. page 435space between two temporal or physical points While I was eating my meal, Mr Yamada was watching TV. ใชใใ๏ผใใกใซ page 68space between two temporal or physical points While I was eating my meal, Mr. Yamada came in. ใชใใ๏ผใใกใซ page 68space between two temporal or physical points Mr. Smith was teaching English (all during the time) while he was in Japan. ใชใใ๏ผใใกใซ page 68space between two temporal or physical points I was reading a book (all during the time) while my children were watching TV. ใชใใ๏ผใใกใซ page 68space between two temporal or physical points Mr. Takahashi learned golf while he was in America. ใชใใ๏ผใใกใซ page 68space between two temporal or physical points Mr. Nakagawa's mother become ill while he was studying in Paris. ใชใใ๏ผใใกใซ page 68space between two temporal or physical points Akiko reads books while her children are not at home. ใชใใ๏ผใใกใซ page 68
ใใฏใ still; also; after all; as expected; you know As expects, Mr. Bailey hasn't come, has he? ็ตๅฑใปใใฃใใใ๏ผใใใ๏ผใซ๏ผ page 538ใใฏใ still; also; after all; as expected; you know Yukiko is still pretty. ็ตๅฑใปใใฃใใใ๏ผใใใ๏ผใซ๏ผ page 538ใใฏใ still; also; after all; as expected; you know The other brother is good at tennis, and the younger brother is also good at it. ็ตๅฑใปใใฃใใใ๏ผใใใ๏ผใซ๏ผ page 538ใใฏใ still; also; after all; as expected; you know As expected, Japanese beer is good. ็ตๅฑใปใใฃใใใ๏ผใใใ๏ผใซ๏ผ page 538ใใฏใ still; also; after all; as expected; you know I've decided to get married, after all. ็ตๅฑใปใใฃใใใ๏ผใใใ๏ผใซ๏ผ page 538
even; as many/much/long/...as; (not) even (one); (not) any Mr. Gray can read even difficult kanji like this. / Mr. Harris cannot read even easy kanji like this. page 250even; as many/much/long/...as; (not) even (one); (not) any I know as many as eight thousand kanji. page 251even; as many/much/long/...as; (not) even (one); (not) any I don't know even one kanji. page 251even; as many/much/long/...as; (not) even (one); (not) any I didn't eat anything. page 251even; as many/much/long/...as; (not) even (one); (not) any Nancy doesn't even listen to me. page 251even; as many/much/long/...as; (not) even (one); (not) any Haruo cannot do even the first-year addition correctly. page 251even; as many/much/long/...as; (not) even (one); (not) any As many as ten cars sold today. page 251even; as many/much/long/...as; (not) even (one); (not) any Not even one girl came ot the party. page 251even; as many/much/long/...as; (not) even (one); (not) any Nobody knows about it. page 251even; as many/much/long/...as; (not) even (one); (not) any I haven't even seen the book Mr. Kimura gave me yet. page 251look; look like; appear; seem; feel like It looks like it will rain. page 410look; look like; appear; seem; feel like That car looks expensive. page 410look; look like; appear; seem; feel like It looks like this house will fall down when a strong wind blows. page 410look; look like; appear; seem; feel like That steak looked delicious. page 410look; look like; appear; seem; feel like ใใฎใใใใฏใใใใใใ ใ This neighbourhood looks quiet. page 410
ใ and -in-exhaustive Mr. Yamada and Mr. Ogawa (and others) came. page 536ใ and -in-exhaustive Mr. Yamada, Mr. Smith and others are playing tennis. page 536ใ and -in-exhaustive I drank beer, wine and other things like that. page 536ใ and -in-exhaustive Mr. Tsuchida wrote a letter to Mr. Okawa and Mr. Suzuki (and others). page 536
time something terminates or amount of time activity has taken The spring term ends on May 10. page 109time something terminates or amount of time activity has taken This concert will be over at ten o'clock. page 109time something terminates or amount of time activity has taken My passport expires in June. page 109time something terminates or amount of time activity has taken It's been three years since I came to America. page 109reason or a cause I'm studying Japanese because I'm going to Japan next year. ใฎใง page 179reason or a cause Why are you studying Japanese? / It's because I'm going to Japan next year. ใฎใง page 179reason or a cause haruko is seventeen, so she can't drink sake yet. ใฎใง page 179reason or a cause Please come tomorrow because I'm busy today. ใฎใง page 179reason or a cause Why were you absent from school yesterday? / It was because I had a headache. ใฎใง page 179speaker's relative lack of empathy with the content of the sentence he/she is nominalizing Writing a novel is hard. page 194speaker's relative lack of empathy with the content of the sentence he/she is nominalizing It is very important to make good friends when one is young. page 194speaker's relative lack of empathy with the content of the sentence he/she is nominalizing I am thinking of studying in France during my senior year. page 194speaker's relative lack of empathy with the content of the sentence he/she is nominalizing I know that Japanese culture is interesting, but I don't that it is unique. page 194speaker's relative lack of empathy with the content of the sentence he/she is nominalizing From pictures I know that Switzerland is beautiful. page 194speaker's relative lack of empathy with the content of the sentence he/she is nominalizing He is without doubt a good person. page 194Not only X but also Y He not only studies hard, but also plays a lot. page 97Not only X but also Y He is not only smart; he studies hard, too. page 97Not only X but also Y This house is not only beautiful but it is also inexpensive. page 98Not only X but also Y Not only John but also Mary came here. page 98Not only X but also Y He not only reads novels but also writes them. page 98
Not only X but also Y Mr. Brown has not only been to Japan, but has lived there. page 98Not only X but also Y This apartment is not only expensive but it is also very small. page 98Not only X but also Y Sachiko was not only bright but also very kind. page 98Not only X but also Y This car is not only pretty but also runs well. page 98
ๆนใปใใ way or a manner one does s.t Please show me how to make a cake. ๆนๆณใปใปใใปใ page 183ๆนใปใใ way or a manner one does s.t I don't know how to write this kanji. ๆนๆณใปใปใใปใ page 183ๆนใปใใ way or a manner one does s.t His manner of walking is amusing, isn't it? ๆนๆณใปใปใใปใ page 183ๆนใปใใ way or a manner one does s.t Please teach me how to study Japanese language. ๆนๆณใปใปใใปใ page 183ใใใฉใ combines two sentences Although I didn't tell him, Tom knew (about it). page 187ใใใฉใ combines two sentences Although it is expensive, this book is a good book. page 187ใใใฉใ combines two sentences Although I don't like German very much, I have to study it. page 187ใใใฉใ combines two sentences Although Mr. Ono is ninety years old, he is very healthy. page 187ใใใฆ and; and then I went to Tokyo today. And I met my friend there. ใใใใ page 422ใใใฆ and; and then Yesterday I played golf in the morning. And I played tennis in the afternoon. ใใใใ page 422ใใใฆ and; and then This movie is uninteresting. And it's too long. ใใใใ page 422ใใใฆ and; and then This flower is pretty. And it is inexpensive. ใใใใ page 422็ฅใใปใใ get to know Do you know about Japan? ๅใใใปใใใ page 406็ฅใใปใใ get to know Yes, I do. / No, I don't. ๅใใใปใใใ page 406็ฅใใปใใ get to know Do you know Mr. Kinosita? ๅใใใปใใใ page 406็ฅใใปใใ get to know Do you know Mr. Yamaguchi's telephone number? ๅใใใปใใใ page 406็ฅใใปใใ get to know Do you know Chinese? / No, I don't. ๅใใใปใใใ page 406็ฅใใปใใ get to know I didn't know that Mr. Ueda had gone to America. ๅใใใปใใใ page 406ใใใใ after that; and then; in addition to that Yesterday I drank with my friend for about two hours and then went home. page 416ใใใใ after that; and then; in addition to that Yesterday I drank with my friend for about two hours. Then I dropped by a bookstore and went home. page 416ใใใใ after that; and then; in addition to that I did my homework until 10 o'clock. And then, I went to the movie. page 416ใใใใ after that; and then; in addition to that Yesterday morning I went to Ginza and then went to see a movie. page 416ใใใใ after that; and then; in addition to that At the restaurant I ate steak, salad, and cheesecake. page 416ใใใใ after that; and then; in addition to that The colour of the lake was blue in the beginning and then turned green. page 416ใใใใ after that; and then; in addition to that I am very busy on Monday, Tuesday, and Thursday, too. page 416ใใจใฏ indeed one does s.t. Alright, (but ~); indeed ~ (but ~); do ~(but ~) I do play tennis, but I am not good at it. page 206ใใจใฏ indeed one does s.t. Alright, (but ~); indeed ~ (but ~); do ~(but ~) Mr. Jones does speak Japanese, but he can say only simply things. page 206ใใจใฏ indeed one does s.t. Alright, (but ~); indeed ~ (but ~); do ~(but ~) I could buy a ticket for the Boston Symphony alright, but it was a very bad seat. page 206ใใจใฏ indeed one does s.t. Alright, (but ~); indeed ~ (but ~); do ~(but ~) This store is inexpensive alright, but its goods are of poor quality. page 206ใใจใฏ indeed one does s.t. Alright, (but ~); indeed ~ (but ~); do ~(but ~) Today's test was indeed difficult, but I did well on it. page 206ใใจใฏ indeed one does s.t. Alright, (but ~); indeed ~ (but ~); do ~(but ~) My apartment is close to the station and convenient alright, but the rent is very high. page 206๏ฝใซใใฆใฏ contrary to generally agreed upon standard Mr. Takawama is big for a Japanese person. ๏ฝใจใใฆใฏ page 309๏ฝใซใใฆใฏ contrary to generally agreed upon standard Considering that Bob is studying Japanese hard, he is poor at it. ๏ฝใจใใฆใฏ page 309๏ฝใซใใฆใฏ contrary to generally agreed upon standard For August is it cool, isn't it? ๏ฝใจใใฆใฏ page 309๏ฝใซใใฆใฏ contrary to generally agreed upon standard For a Japanese car this is big, isn't it? ๏ฝใจใใฆใฏ page 309๏ฝใซใใฆใฏ contrary to generally agreed upon standard Considering that he was a wrestler, he is small. ๏ฝใจใใฆใฏ page 309๏ฝใซใใฆใฏ contrary to generally agreed upon standard Considering that Mr. Aoki spent ten years in America, his English is not very good. ๏ฝใจใใฆใฏ page 309
action or state keeps changing from the point in time speaker first describes action It will get colder (and continue to be that way) from now on. page 152action or state keeps changing from the point in time speaker first describes action I intend to keep reading one book a day from now on. page 152action or state keeps changing from the point in time speaker first describes action It will grow warmer (and continue in that way) from now on. page 152action or state keeps changing from the point in time speaker first describes action The Japanese economy grew stronger (and continued to grow that way) from that time on. page 152action or state keeps changing from the point in time speaker first describes action I went on taking notes on things I didn't understand. page 152
ใซ้ใใชใใปใซใกใใใชใ there is no mistake Mr. Shimoda must have forgotten about things of today. ใ ใใ๏ผใฏใ๏ผใใใใใชใ page 304ใซ้ใใชใใปใซใกใใใชใ there is no mistake That teacher's exams must be hard. ใ ใใ๏ผใฏใ๏ผใใใใใชใ page 304ใซ้ใใชใใปใซใกใใใชใ there is no mistake Mr. Bailey must be good at tennis. ใ ใใ๏ผใฏใ๏ผใใใใใชใ page 304ใซ้ใใชใใปใซใกใใใชใ there is no mistake That person must be Japanese. ใ ใใ๏ผใฏใ๏ผใใใใใชใ page 304ใซ้ใใชใใปใซใกใใใชใ there is no mistake The two must be enjoying swimming in Hawaii. ใ ใใ๏ผใฏใ๏ผใใใใใชใ page 304ใซ้ใใชใใปใซใกใใใชใ there is no mistake It must be hard to go to a foreign country alone. ใ ใใ๏ผใฏใ๏ผใใใใใชใ page 304ใซ้ใใชใใปใซใกใใใชใ there is no mistake Mr. Yamaguchi must be bright. ใ ใใ๏ผใฏใ๏ผใใใใใชใ page 304ใซ้ใใชใใปใซใกใใใชใ there is no mistake That must be Mr. Thompson. ใ ใใ๏ผใฏใ๏ผใใใใใชใ page 304ใใใงใฏ If that is the case, / if so; then; well then This orange is not sweet. / How about this one, then? ใใใชใ page 414ใใใงใฏ If that is the case, / if so; then; well then I hate both fish and meat. / Then, what do you eat. ใใใชใ page 414ใใใงใฏ If that is the case, / if so; then; well then Wouldn't you like to play tennis this afternoon? / This afternoon is not convenient for me, but... / Then, how about tomorrow afternoon? ใใใชใ page 414ใใใงใฏ If that is the case, / if so; then; well then Well then, let's take a break for about twenty minutes. ใใใชใ page 414ใใใงใฏ If that is the case, / if so; then; well then Well then, I'll come again next Friday. ใใใชใ page 414
as; like Please write it down as I tell you. page 554as; like Today is as warm as if it had become spring. page 554as; like Dorothy speaks Japanese like a Japanese. page 555as; like As I told you before, I'm going to quit the company next month. page 555as; like Can you run like Mr. Ueda? page 555as; like I don't feel as strong as I used to when I was young. page 555as; like As usual Mr. Doi got up at six in the morning. page 555as; like Just like the older brother, the younger brother is also good at sports. page 555someone (who is not higher in status than the speaker) to do something. I want you to teach me English. ใใใใใ๏ผใใ page 146someone (who is not higher in status than the speaker) to do something. I want my children to live together with me. ใใใใใ๏ผใใ page 146someone (who is not higher in status than the speaker) to do something. Who do you want to come? ใใใใใ๏ผใใ page 146
ไธ็ชใปใใกใฐใ superlative Mr. Okawa is the brightest in the class. page 148ไธ็ชใปใใกใฐใ superlative Among these, which movie is the most interesting? / This Japanese movie, I guess. page 148ไธ็ชใปใใกใฐใ superlative Among Mr. Matsumono, Mr. Ikeda and Mr. Shimizu, who is the best student. page 148ไธ็ชใปใใกใฐใ superlative Where is the most scenic place in Japan? page 148ใฐใใใฃใ speaker's regret I wish I had asked my teacher. ใฆใใใฃใ page 87ใฐใใใฃใ speaker's regret I wish I had read that book. ใฆใใใฃใ page 87ใฐใใใฃใ speaker's regret I wish Mr. Wells had gone to Japan, don't you? ใฆใใใฃใ page 87ใฐใใใฃใ speaker's regret Oh, I wish I had studied English harder! ใฆใใใฃใ page 87๏ฝใใใฉใใงใใ Why don't you do ~?; What about doing ~? Why don't you read more Japanese books? ใปใใใใ page 457๏ฝใใใฉใใงใใ Why don't you do ~?; What about doing ~? Why don't you eat salad, too? ใปใใใใ page 457๏ฝใใใฉใใงใใ Why don't you do ~?; What about doing ~? Why don't you ask Prof. Yamamura? ใปใใใใ page 457๏ฝใจใใฆใฏ for This steak is inexpensive for Japanese steak. ๏ฝใซใใฆใฏ page 502๏ฝใจใใฆใฏ for Mr. Johnson is good at Japanese for a first-year student (of Japanese). ๏ฝใซใใฆใฏ page 502๏ฝใจใใฆใฏ for For a Japanese apartment, this is one of the bigger ones. ๏ฝใซใใฆใฏ page 502่ฆใใใปใฟใใ s.o. or s.t. is passively/spontaneously visible To me distant objects are very visible. ่ฆใใใใปใฟใใใ page 243่ฆใใใปใฟใใ s.o. or s.t. is passively/spontaneously visible From the window the ocean is visible. ่ฆใใใใปใฟใใใ page 243่ฆใใใปใฟใใ s.o. or s.t. is passively/spontaneously visible Today the mountains look near. ่ฆใใใใปใฟใใใ page 244่ฆใใใปใฟใใ s.o. or s.t. is passively/spontaneously visible I could see small birds on the tree. ่ฆใใใใปใฟใใใ page 244
่ฆใใใปใฟใใ s.o. or s.t. is passively/spontaneously visible From Tokyo Tower you can get a good view of the towns of Tokyo. ่ฆใใใใปใฟใใใ page 244่ฆใใใปใฟใใ s.o. or s.t. is passively/spontaneously visible He/She looks much younger than his/her age. ่ฆใใใใปใฟใใใ page 244่ฆใใใปใฟใใ s.o. or s.t. is passively/spontaneously visible Women look beautiful at night. ่ฆใใใใปใฟใใใ page 244่ฆใใใปใฟใใ s.o. or s.t. is passively/spontaneously visible Mr. Nakajima looks like a student. ่ฆใใใใปใฟใใใ page 244ๅฅฝใใ ใปใใใ like; be fond of I like steak. page 426ๅฅฝใใ ใปใใใ like; be fond of I like baseball. page 426ๅฅฝใใ ใปใใใ like; be fond of Mr. Johnson loves jazz. page 426
cost; lapse This watch costs 100,000 yen. page 436cost; lapse In another year I'll graduate from college. page 436cost; lapse About how much did it cost? / It cost about 250,000 yen. page 436cost; lapse In a short time my husband will be here. page 436
ใใพใ (not) very much; (not) very This book is not very good. page 72ใใพใ (not) very much; (not) very Miss Suzuki does not eat much. page 72ใใพใ (not) very much; (not) very I cannot run very fast. page 72
gives some action as a favor I bought a tie for Nobuo. page 65gives some action as a favor I consoled Haruko. page 65gives some action as a favor What did you do for your mother? page 65gives some action as a favor Mr. Tanaka lent a book to Mr. Smith page 65comparing two, one is in some state or does something more Mr. Ishida is younger than I am. ใใ page 140comparing two, one is in some state or does something more I eat more than Ms. Ueda does. ใใ page 140comparing two, one is in some state or does something more Going by car is cheaper than going by bus. ใใ page 140comparing two, one is in some state or does something more I like this camera better than that camera. ใใ page 140comparing two, one is in some state or does something more Jeff can run faster than I can. ใใ page 140comparing two, one is in some state or does something more It's probably better for me to talk that for you to talk. ใใ page 140comparing two, one is in some state or does something more Of course, I'm happier when it is cheap than when it is expensive. ใใ page 140comparing two, one is in some state or does something more Talking about children, you feel more at ease when they are lively than when they are quiet. ใใ page 140
ใปใฉ extent or degree s.o./s.t. does s.t. or is in some state I'm not as strong as Ken. ใฐใใ๏ผใใใ page 136ใปใฉ extent or degree s.o./s.t. does s.t. or is in some state This job is so easy even a child can do it. ใฐใใ๏ผใใใ page 136ใปใฉ extent or degree s.o./s.t. does s.t. or is in some state I can't walk as fast as you can. ใฐใใ๏ผใใใ page 136ใปใฉ extent or degree s.o./s.t. does s.t. or is in some state There is no student who studies as hard as Jennifer. ใฐใใ๏ผใใใ page 136ใปใฉ extent or degree s.o./s.t. does s.t. or is in some state I didn't think that Mr. Nishida could play the piano that well. ใฐใใ๏ผใใใ page 136ใปใฉ extent or degree s.o./s.t. does s.t. or is in some state Mr. Lewis' Japanese is so good that even Prof. Ota didn't notice he was a foreigner. ใฐใใ๏ผใใใ page 136ใพใง as far as; till; up to; until; through; even Yesterday I played tennis from three to five with my friend. ใพใงใซ page 226ใพใง as far as; till; up to; until; through; even It takes three hours by bullet train from Tokyo to Kyoto. ใพใงใซ page 226ใพใง as far as; till; up to; until; through; even Please wait at home until I get there. ใพใงใซ page 226ใพใง as far as; till; up to; until; through; even This hall can hold up to 2,000 people. ใพใงใซ page 226ใพใง as far as; till; up to; until; through; even He even likes snakes, not to mention rats and skunks. ใพใงใซ page 227ใพใง as far as; till; up to; until; through; even Americans work every week from Monday through Friday. ใพใงใซ page 227ใพใง as far as; till; up to; until; through; even It's about 10 minutes from the station to the university on foot. ใพใงใซ page 227ใพใง as far as; till; up to; until; through; even Mr. Smith even eats fermented soybeans, not to mention raw fish. ใพใงใซ page 227ใพใง as far as; till; up to; until; through; even Until the plane left I was talking with my friend in the lobby. ใพใงใซ page 227ๅใปใใ suffix attached to the first/last name of a male equal or first/last name of person status/rank lower than speaker's Mr. Yamada / Taro / Mr. Taro Yamada. page 211ๅใปใใ suffix attached to the first/last name of a male equal or first/last name of person status/rank lower than speaker's Hello, is Ichiro in? page 211ๅใปใใ suffix attached to the first/last name of a male equal or first/last name of person status/rank lower than speaker's I heard that Mr. Taguchi will get married next year. page 211ๅใปใใ suffix attached to the first/last name of a male equal or first/last name of person status/rank lower than speaker's Mr. Ichiro taguchi, congratulations on your promotion. page 211
get; receive; be given My father bought a camera for me. page 263get; receive; be given I had my friend come (for my benefit). page 263get; receive; be given Mr. Kimura has Mr. Ono lend him his car. page 263get; receive; be given What did you have Mr. Beck do for you? page 263get; receive; be given Mr. Johnson has Mr. Suzuki teaching him Japanese. page 263
้ฃใใปใซใใ s.t. or s.o. is hard to ~ This book is very hard to read. page 307้ฃใใปใซใใ s.t. or s.o. is hard to ~ This door doesn't open easily, does it? page 307้ฃใใปใซใใ s.t. or s.o. is hard to ~ His name is hard to remember. page 307้ฃใใปใซใใ s.t. or s.o. is hard to ~ That teacher is hard to talk to. page 307้ฃใใปใซใใ s.t. or s.o. is hard to ~ These shoes are hard to run in. page 307
to do s.t.; in order to do s.t. I went to a department store to buy a gift ็บใซใปใใใซ page 297to do s.t.; in order to do s.t. A student came to ask questions. ็บใซใปใใใซ page 297to do s.t.; in order to do s.t. To do what are you going there? ็บใซใปใใใซ page 297to do s.t.; in order to do s.t. Mr. Murai went home to eat his lunch. ็บใซใปใใใซ page 297in; at; on Mr. Hill is at Mr. Johnson's apartment now. page 299in; at; on There is a Chinese student in my class. page 300in; at; on That book is in the school's library. page 300in; at; on There is no swimming pool at this school. page 300in; at; on Mr. Kato lives in Osaka. page 300in; at; on There is a cherry tree standing in the yard. page 300in; at; on A lot of grammatical mistakes can be seen in this composition. page 300state or an action cannot be controlled by s.o. or s.t Ichiro was deceived by Hanako. page 364state or an action cannot be controlled by s.o. or s.t Fred came to Jane's apartment late at night (and Jane was unhappy). page 364state or an action cannot be controlled by s.o. or s.t I got my cake eaten by my younger brother. page 364state or an action cannot be controlled by s.o. or s.t Prof. Tanaka went back to Japan (honorific). page 364state or an action cannot be controlled by s.o. or s.t This building was built two years ago. page 364state or an action cannot be controlled by s.o. or s.t This book was published in America in 1965. page 364state or an action cannot be controlled by s.o. or s.t My wife died two years ago (and gave me sorrow). page 364state or an action cannot be controlled by s.o. or s.t Mr. Harada's wife bought an expensive coat (and he is unhappy). page 364state or an action cannot be controlled by s.o. or s.t Prof. Hayashi talked about Japanese universities (honorific). page 364
ใใ nothing/nobody/no ~ but; only No one but Mr. Toda smokes. ใฐใใ๏ผใ ใ page 399ใใ nothing/nobody/no ~ but; only I know nothing but Japanese. ใฐใใ๏ผใ ใ page 399ใใ nothing/nobody/no ~ but; only I haven't told it to anybody but Mr. Eguchi. ใฐใใ๏ผใ ใ page 399ใใ nothing/nobody/no ~ but; only I had only one bowl or rice. ใฐใใ๏ผใ ใ page 399ใใ nothing/nobody/no ~ but; only Only students came to the party. ใฐใใ๏ผใ ใ page 399ใใ nothing/nobody/no ~ but; only Mr. Tamura ate only salad. ใฐใใ๏ผใ ใ page 399ใใ nothing/nobody/no ~ but; only I can come only on Sunday. ใฐใใ๏ผใ ใ page 399ใใ nothing/nobody/no ~ but; only Only this library has this book. ใฐใใ๏ผใ ใ page 399ใใ nothing/nobody/no ~ but; only You can go there only by car. ใฐใใ๏ผใ ใ page 399ใจใ and; or I like Bach, Mozart and Beethoven, among others. ใใ๏ผใ page 488ใจใ and; or When you are tired, do thinks like taking a bath or going to sleep early. ใใ๏ผใ page 488ใจใ and; or I don't know much about things like the Japanese tea ceremony and flower arranging. ใใ๏ผใ page 488ใจใ and; or What kind of Japanese movie did you see? / I saw Kurosawa's Seven Samuria, Ikiru and Kagemusha. ใใ๏ผใ page 488
ใจใ and; or What sorts of things do you do on Sundays? / I do things like listening to music or reading books. ใใ๏ผใ page 488~ is (in) a place where it takes ~ to get to My house is in a place where it takes ten minutes to get to from the station on foot. page 495~ is (in) a place where it takes ~ to get to My school is in a place where it takes thirty minutes to get to from home by bus. page 495~ is (in) a place where it takes ~ to get to The hospital is in a place where it takes fifteen minutes to get to from here by car. page 495that Jane said that she wouldn't dance/They say that Jane won't dance. page 510that They say it's going to snow tonight. page 510that I wondered if I should go there, too. page 510
ใใใ no wonder; so it means that ~; that's why; should ~; I take is that ~; naturally Are you studying Japanese (as long as) three hours every day? No wonder your Japanese is good. ใฏใใฏ page 531ใใใ no wonder; so it means that ~; that's why; should ~; I take is that ~; naturally Do you have an exam tomorrow? Then, you must be busy tonight. ใฏใใฏ page 531ใใใ no wonder; so it means that ~; that's why; should ~; I take is that ~; naturally Mr. Smith has played tennis for ten years, so he should be good at it. ใฏใใฏ page 531ใใใ no wonder; so it means that ~; that's why; should ~; I take is that ~; naturally I'll go to France next month and stay there for four months. / Then, I take it that you're returning here in June? ใฏใใฏ page 531ใใใ no wonder; so it means that ~; that's why; should ~; I take is that ~; naturally Are you swimming in the pool everyday? No wonder you're healthy. ใฏใใฏ page 531ใใใ no wonder; so it means that ~; that's why; should ~; I take is that ~; naturally Yesterday I slept only three hours. No wonder I am sleepy. ใฏใใฏ page 531ใใใ no wonder; so it means that ~; that's why; should ~; I take is that ~; naturally What? Was Mr. Adachi hospitalized? No wonder he didn't come to the party. ใฏใใฏ page 531
come about; grow; come to; begin to Now I have begun to understand computers. ๏ฝๅงใใใป๏ฝใฏใใใ page 221come about; grow; come to; begin to Up to now I've been reading various Japanese histories. ๏ฝๅงใใใป๏ฝใฏใใใ page 221come about; grow; come to; begin to Suddently, while we were playing tennis, it began to rain. ๏ฝๅงใใใป๏ฝใฏใใใ page 221come about; grow; come to; begin to My head began to ache in the afternoon. / My headache started in the afternoon. ๏ฝๅงใใใป๏ฝใฏใใใ page 221come about; grow; come to; begin to I've started to gain weight these days. ๏ฝๅงใใใป๏ฝใฏใใใ page 221come about; grow; come to; begin to That girl has become very pretty lately, hasn't she? ๏ฝๅงใใใป๏ฝใฏใใใ page 221come about; grow; come to; begin to Up to now I have read quite a few books and I intend to read from now on, too. ๏ฝๅงใใใป๏ฝใฏใใใ page 221
ใใใใซ s.t. (including an action) replaces s.t. else I taught in place of my teacher. ใใใฉใใใ๏ผใใใ page 185ใใใใซ s.t. (including an action) replaces s.t. else To make up for working on Saturdays, I take Mondays off. ใใใฉใใใ๏ผใใใ page 185ใใใใซ s.t. (including an action) replaces s.t. else I bought sake instead of beer. ใใใฉใใใ๏ผใใใ page 185ใใใใซ s.t. (including an action) replaces s.t. else Can my father go there in place of me? ใใใฉใใใ๏ผใใใ page 185ใใใใซ s.t. (including an action) replaces s.t. else I'll study all day tomorrow to make up for dancing until late tonight. ใใใฉใใใ๏ผใใใ page 185ใใใใซ s.t. (including an action) replaces s.t. else I'll help you, so (to make up for it) please (lit. le me drink) buy me a drink, OK? ใใใฉใใใ๏ผใใใ page 185ใใใใซ s.t. (including an action) replaces s.t. else My apartment is inconvenient, but the rent is cheap. ใใใฉใใใ๏ผใใใ page 185
refers (back) to human subject speaker is empathizing Tsuchida didn't know that Sachiko love him. page 159refers (back) to human subject speaker is empathizing Yukari was walking while thinking. / Does Kenichi really love me? page 159refers (back) to human subject speaker is empathizing Nakagawa didn't think that he could enter kyoto University. page 159refers (back) to human subject speaker is empathizing Ichiro wasn't at home when Fuyuko came to see him. page 159refers (back) to human subject speaker is empathizing Michiko made Kazuo go there is his/her car. page 159refers (back) to human subject speaker is empathizing John was thinking of Mary. Is she going to marry me? Is she going to leave me and marry Bob? page 159refers (back) to human subject speaker is empathizing The Japanese think that their country's culture is unique. page 162refers (back) to human subject speaker is empathizing Mary does everything by herself. page 162refers (back) to human subject speaker is empathizing Kazuo braced himself. page 162refers (back) to human subject speaker is empathizing To know yourself is the hardest. page 162refers (back) to human subject speaker is empathizing Mike is always studying in his own dorm room. page 162refers (back) to human subject speaker is empathizing Kobayashi voluntarily (lit. from himself) said that he wanted to do it. page 162refers (back) to human subject speaker is empathizing The professor kindly met me at his own hown. page 162there are times when ~ There are times when I take a bath in the morning. page 198there are times when ~ There are times when Takashi goes to school without eating breakfast. page 198there are times when ~ Occasionally there are times when the milk in this store is old. page 198there are times when ~ Often there are times we find out that a souvenir we've bought in America for someone in Japan is made in Japan. page 198there are times when ~ There are times these days when so-called natural foods are not genuine natural foods. page 198
ใพใงใซ by; by the time (when) I'll come home by 10 o'clock. ใพใง๏ผใพใงใง๏ผๅใซ page 228ใพใงใซ by; by the time (when) Please read this book (in advance) by the time school starts. ใพใง๏ผใพใงใง๏ผๅใซ page 229ใพใงใซ by; by the time (when) By what time should I go to the airport? / Please come one hour before departure. ใพใง๏ผใพใงใง๏ผๅใซ page 229ใพใงใซ by; by the time (when) I have to finish writing this paper by January 20. ใพใง๏ผใพใงใง๏ผๅใซ page 229ใพใงใซ by; by the time (when) By the time the jet got to Paris, I had finished reading three books. ใพใง๏ผใพใงใง๏ผๅใซ page 229ๅใซใปใพใใซ before; in front of Mr. Jackson studied Japanese before he went to Japan. ใพใงใซ๏ผใใกใซ page 231ๅใซใปใพใใซ before; in front of Before the trip I caught a cold. ใพใงใซ๏ผใใกใซ page 231ๅใซใปใพใใซ before; in front of There is a tobacco shop in front of the station. ใพใงใซ๏ผใใกใซ page 232ๅใซใปใพใใซ before; in front of There Japanese say โIdatakimasuโ (lit. I humbly receive (this food)) before eating their meals. ใพใงใซ๏ผใใกใซ page 232ๅใซใปใพใใซ before; in front of Mr. Taylor stopped in Hawaii before he went to Japan. ใพใงใซ๏ผใใกใซ page 232ๅใซใปใพใใซ before; in front of Before the exam I went to see a movie. ใพใงใซ๏ผใใกใซ page 232ใพใพ as it is; unchanged; undisturbed; leave as is; remain My Younger brother went to sleep leaving the TV on. ใชใใง๏ผใใซ page 236ใพใพ as it is; unchanged; undisturbed; leave as is; remain My younger brother left the TV on. ใชใใง๏ผใใซ page 236ใพใพ as it is; unchanged; undisturbed; leave as is; remain My younger brother has left the TV on. ใชใใง๏ผใใซ page 237ใพใพ as it is; unchanged; undisturbed; leave as is; remain This room is as it was yesterday. ใชใใง๏ผใใซ page 237ใพใพ as it is; unchanged; undisturbed; leave as is; remain I'll leave this place as it is. ใชใใง๏ผใใซ page 237ใพใพ as it is; unchanged; undisturbed; leave as is; remain The TV was turned on and is still on. ใชใใง๏ผใใซ page 237ใพใพ as it is; unchanged; undisturbed; leave as is; remain A student who kept his hat on was in the classroom. ใชใใง๏ผใใซ page 237ใพใพ as it is; unchanged; undisturbed; leave as is; remain I fell asleep leaving the light on. ใชใใง๏ผใใซ page 237ใพใพ as it is; unchanged; undisturbed; leave as is; remain I bought beer, but didn't drink it. ใชใใง๏ผใใซ page 237ใพใพ as it is; unchanged; undisturbed; leave as is; remain I told my friend exactly what I heard. ใชใใง๏ผใใซ page 237ใพใพ as it is; unchanged; undisturbed; leave as is; remain He's been in bed (lit. all along) since then. ใชใใง๏ผใใซ page 237ใพใพ as it is; unchanged; undisturbed; leave as is; remain Mr. Takayama went to America never to return. ใชใใง๏ผใใซ page 237ใชใใ while; over; with Mr. Taguchi always reads a newspaper while eating his breakfast. ้ใปใใใ page 269ใชใใ while; over; with It is dangerous to read while walking. ้ใปใใใ page 269ใชใใ while; over; with While smiling, Mr. Yamaguchi was listening ot my story. ้ใปใใใ page 269ใชใใ while; over; with While in bed, I like to read novels. ้ใปใใใ page 269ใชใใ while; over; with You must not talk while eating things. ้ใปใใใ page 269ใชใใ while; over; with Mr. Kimura works for a compnay while going to school. ้ใปใใใ page 269
place toward which s.o. or s.t moves I went to San Francisco yesterday. ใธ page 302place toward which s.o. or s.t moves Jim is going back to America next year. ใธ page 302place toward which s.o. or s.t moves Wouldn't you like to come to my house sometime? ใธ page 302place toward which s.o. or s.t moves They entered the restaurant around the corner. ใธ page 302
Relative Clause Relative Clause ็ฐไธญใใใ้ฃในใในใใผใญใฏ้ซใใฃใใป้ซใใฃใใงใใ ใใชใใใใใใใในใในใใผใญใฏใใใฃใใปใใใฃใใงใใ The steak that Mr. Tanaka ate was expensive. page 376Relative Clause Relative Clause ในใใผใญใ็พๅณใใใฌในใใฉใณใ็ฅใใชใใป็ฅใใพใใใใ ในใใผใญใใใใใใฌในใใฉใณใใใใชใใปใใใพใใใใ Do you know a restaurant in which the steak is good? page 376Relative Clause Relative Clause ๆฅๆฌ่ชใๆใใฆใใๅ ็ใฏๅฐๆๅ ็ใงใใ ใซใปใใใใใใใฆใใใใใใใฏใใฐใใใใใใใงใใ The teacher who is teaching Japanese is Prof. Kobayashi. page 376Relative Clause Relative Clause ใใในใไธๆใชไบบใๆใใฆไธใใใ ใใในใใใใใใชใฒใจใใใใใฆใใ ใใใ Please tell me of a person who is good at tennis. page 376Relative Clause Relative Clause ใ็ถใใใๅป่ ใฎๅญฆ็ใฏไธไบบใใพใใ ใใจใใใใใใใใฎใใใใใฏใใใซใใใพใใ There are three students whose fathers are doctors. page 376Relative Clause Relative Clause ็งใใใ็บใฏ็ ้ขใใชใใฃใใ ใใใใใใใพใกใฏใณใใใใใใชใใฃใใ There was no hospital in the town where I lived. page 376Relative Clause Relative Clause ้ๅญใ่กใๅญฆๆ กใฏๆฑไบฌใซใใใพใใ ใฟใกใใใใใใฃใใใฏใจใใใใใซใใใพใใ The school where Michiko is going is in Tokyo. page 376๏ฝใใ๏ฝใใใใ do things like ~ and ~; sometimes ~ and sometimes ~ We did thinks like singing and dancing. page 458๏ฝใใ๏ฝใใใใ do things like ~ and ~; sometimes ~ and sometimes ~ Steaks at this restaurant are sometimes big and sometimes small. page 459
๏ฝใใ๏ฝใใใใ do things like ~ and ~; sometimes ~ and sometimes ~ Are you listening to tapes every day? / No, I listen at one time and don't listen at another. page 459๏ฝใใ๏ฝใใใใ do things like ~ and ~; sometimes ~ and sometimes ~ In New York I did thinkgs like seeing musicals and listening to concerts. page 459๏ฝใใ๏ฝใใใใ do things like ~ and ~; sometimes ~ and sometimes ~ Tom comes at one time and doesn't at another time. page 459๏ฝใใ๏ฝใใใใ do things like ~ and ~; sometimes ~ and sometimes ~ It will probably rain off and on tomorrow. page 459๏ฝใใ๏ฝใใใใ do things like ~ and ~; sometimes ~ and sometimes ~ This shop's fish is sometimes fresh and sometimes old. page 459๏ฝใใ๏ฝใใใใ do things like ~ and ~; sometimes ~ and sometimes ~ Teachers of Japanese are sometimes Japanese and sometimes American. page 459
that; with the sound of; in the manner of Mr. Hill said to me in Japanese, โHello!โ page 478that; with the sound of; in the manner of Tom says that he wants to go to Japan. page 478that; with the sound of; in the manner of It is written that this was built in the sixteenth century. page 478that; with the sound of; in the manner of I think I will go by bus. page 478that; with the sound of; in the manner of The children ran around with a clattering noise. page 478that; with the sound of; in the manner of Machiko grabbed my hand firmly. page 478if; when If you go to New York, there are many interesting shops. ใใ๏ผใฐใใชใ๏ผ๏ผๆใปใจใ page 481if; when I understood it immediately when I asked my teacher. ใใ๏ผใฐใใชใ๏ผ๏ผๆใปใจใ page 481A subordinate conjunction which marks a condition that brings about an noncontrollable event or state. / if; when Tires are dangerous if they are old. ใใ๏ผใฐใใชใ๏ผ๏ผๆใปใจใ page 481A subordinate conjunction which marks a condition that brings about an noncontrollable event or state. / if; when If you don't like fish, will you have trouble when you go to Japan? ใใ๏ผใฐใใชใ๏ผ๏ผๆใปใจใ page 481A subordinate conjunction which marks a condition that brings about an noncontrollable event or state. / if; when If you are a student, there is a discount. ใใ๏ผใฐใใชใ๏ผ๏ผๆใปใจใ page 481suffix attached to names of stores, inns and Japanese-style restaurants or to persons engaged in certain occupations florist / bookstore / drug store / butcher / pinball parlor / bakery / fish monger / liquor store page 535suffix attached to names of stores, inns and Japanese-style restaurants or to persons engaged in certain occupations I called the man at the liquor store and had him bring me three dozen beers. page 535suffix attached to names of stores, inns and Japanese-style restaurants or to persons engaged in certain occupations He is not a statesman but a mere politician. page 535in ~ of; inside; outside; before; after Mexico is located north of the equator. page 567in ~ of; inside; outside; before; after You must not get inside this line. page 567in ~ of; inside; outside; before; after Please come before three o'clock. page 567in ~ of; inside; outside; before; after There's no bus service beyond this point. page 567
๏ฝใจ่จใใฐใป๏ฝใจใใใฐ speaking of ~ I borrowed this book from Mr. Tanaka. Speaking of Mr. Tanaka, I wonder if he's gotten over his illness yet. ใฃใใ๏ผใฃใฆ page 484๏ฝใจ่จใใฐใป๏ฝใจใใใฐ speaking of ~ I'm going to Kyoto next Sunday. / Speaking of Kyoto, I heard that Haruko passed Kyoto Universitiy's entrance exam. ใฃใใ๏ผใฃใฆ page 484๏ฝใจ่จใใฐใป๏ฝใจใใใฐ speaking of ~ Mr. Konishi is absent frequently, isn't he? / Talking about about (someone's) frequent absences, we don't see Mr. Yamamoto these days either, do we? ใฃใใ๏ผใฃใฆ page 484็ตใใใปใใใ finish doing ~ I finally finished reading The Tale of Genji. ใใพใ page 362็ตใใใปใใใ finish doing ~ I finally finished writing a paper. ใใพใ page 362็ตใใใปใใใ finish doing ~ I've just finished eating my meal. ใใพใ page 362
A suffix (originally meaning 'appearance') that indicates the speaker's / writer's politeness towards s.o. The King's ears are donkey ears. page 384A suffix (originally meaning 'appearance') that indicates the speaker's / writer's politeness towards s.o. Do you believe in God? page 384A suffix (originally meaning 'appearance') that indicates the speaker's / writer's politeness towards s.o. Hanako, aren't the moon and the stars beautiful tonight! page 384A suffix (originally meaning 'appearance') that indicates the speaker's / writer's politeness towards s.o. Mother, where are you going? page 384A suffix (originally meaning 'appearance') that indicates the speaker's / writer's politeness towards s.o. Our guests have come. page 384
ๆฏใปใพใ every; per I swim one mile every day. ใใจใซ page 233ๆฏใปใพใ every; per I heard that Hiroshi calls Michiko every evening. ใใจใซ page 233ๆฏใปใพใ every; per The typhoon is moving north at a speed of twenty kilometers per hour. ใใจใซ page 233ๆฏใปใพใ every; per I go to Japan at least once every year. ใใจใซ page 233ๆฏใปใพใ every; per Jean eats salad at every meal. ใใจใซ page 233ๅงใใใปใฏใใใ begins to do something or be in some state I'll begin to write my paper tomorrow. page 131ๅงใใใปใฏใใใ begins to do something or be in some state I began to read The Tale of Genji in August. page 131ๅงใใใปใฏใใใ begins to do something or be in some state The Japanese economy began to strengthen about the time of the 1964 Tokyo Olympics. page 131ๅงใใใปใฏใใใ begins to do something or be in some state When did you start to collect stamps? / I started to collect them (lit. since) I was a child. page 131ใใจใซใใ volitional decision to do s.t. is made / decide to I decided to quit my company. ใใจใซๆฑบใใ๏ผใใจใซใชใ page 204ใใจใซใใ volitional decision to do s.t. is made / decide to I made it a rule to exercise for about 30 minutes every day. ใใจใซๆฑบใใ๏ผใใจใซใชใ page 204ใใจใซใใ volitional decision to do s.t. is made / decide to I've decided to make a trip to Hakkaido this summer. ใใจใซๆฑบใใ๏ผใใจใซใชใ page 204ใใจใซใใ volitional decision to do s.t. is made / decide to Let's (lit decide to) go as far as Kyoto by bus. ใใจใซๆฑบใใ๏ผใใจใซใชใ page 204ใใจใซใใ volitional decision to do s.t. is made / decide to I've decided to memorize ten kanji every day. ใใจใซๆฑบใใ๏ผใใจใซใชใ page 204ใใจใซใใ volitional decision to do s.t. is made / decide to I make it a rule not to eat very much meat. ใใจใซๆฑบใใ๏ผใใจใซใชใ page 204ใชใใชใ not ~ any more I cannot even write easy kanji any more. ใใใซใชใ๏ผใใ๏ฝใชใ page 277ใชใใชใ not ~ any more I used to drink sake a lot, but now I don't drink any more. ใใใซใชใ๏ผใใ๏ฝใชใ page 277ใชใใชใ not ~ any more He used to call me frequently, but he doesn't call me any more. ใใใซใชใ๏ผใใ๏ฝใชใ page 277ใชใใชใ not ~ any more Japanese isn't difficult for me any more. ใใใซใชใ๏ผใใ๏ฝใชใ page 277ใชใใชใ not ~ any more This suburban area is no longer inconvenient because the subway has reached here. ใใใซใชใ๏ผใใ๏ฝใชใ page 277ใชใใชใ not ~ any more I finally graduated from college and am not a student any longer. ใใใซใชใ๏ผใใ๏ฝใชใ page 277ใใใ to make (someone) do; to allow (someone) to Mr. Suzuki made/let his daughter go to college. page 387ใใใ to make (someone) do; to allow (someone) to My father made (or let) my younger sister learn to play the piano. page 387ใใใ to make (someone) do; to allow (someone) to Hisako made me have trouble. page 387ใใใ to make (someone) do; to allow (someone) to I think I'll let Jim win this game. page 387ใใใ to make (someone) do; to allow (someone) to My friend made me pay a tip. page 387ใใใ to make (someone) do; to allow (someone) to Mr. Anderson let his children eat as much ice cream as they liked. page 387ใใใ to make (someone) do; to allow (someone) to I made milk freeze in the refrigerator. page 387้ใใใปใใใ too; do s.t. too much/often; over- Mr. Wilson eats too much meat. page 424้ใใใปใใใ too; do s.t. too much/often; over- This apartment is too expensive for us. page 424้ใใใปใใใ too; do s.t. too much/often; over- I overslept this morning and was late for school. page 424้ใใใปใใใ too; do s.t. too much/often; over- This desk is too big for my room. page 424้ใใใปใใใ too; do s.t. too much/often; over- I dropped Prof. Tanaka's class because it was too demanding. page 424้ใใใปใใใ too; do s.t. too much/often; over- Mr. Mori is too fat. page 424ๅ ชใใชใใปใใพใใชใ unbearable ~; extremely; be dying to do ~ It is unbearably hot today. ไปๆนใใชใใปใใใใใชใ page 446ๅ ชใใชใใปใใพใใชใ unbearable ~; extremely; be dying to do ~ I really hate math. ไปๆนใใชใใปใใใใใชใ page 446ๅ ชใใชใใปใใพใใชใ unbearable ~; extremely; be dying to do ~ This book is extremely interesting. ไปๆนใใชใใปใใใใใชใ page 446ๅ ชใใชใใปใใพใใชใ unbearable ~; extremely; be dying to do ~ My father died and I'm awfully sad. ไปๆนใใชใใปใใใใใชใ page 446ๅ ชใใชใใปใใพใใชใ unbearable ~; extremely; be dying to do ~ I'm dying to eat some good fish. ไปๆนใใชใใปใใใใใชใ page 446ๅ ชใใชใใปใใพใใชใ unbearable ~; extremely; be dying to do ~ I just love that girl. ไปๆนใใชใใปใใใใใชใ page 446ๅ ชใใชใใปใใพใใชใ unbearable ~; extremely; be dying to do ~ My older brother really hated Mr. Tanaka's class. ไปๆนใใชใใปใใใใใชใ page 446
state where just about to/ has done s.t., or has been doing s.t Harue is just about to eat her supper. ใฐใใ๏ผๆใปใจใ page 496state where just about to/ has done s.t., or has been doing s.t Harue is in the midst of eating her supper. ใฐใใ๏ผๆใปใจใ page 496state where just about to/ has done s.t., or has been doing s.t Harue has just eaten her supper. ใฐใใ๏ผๆใปใจใ page 496state where just about to/ has done s.t., or has been doing s.t Harue has been eating her supper. ใฐใใ๏ผๆใปใจใ page 496state where just about to/ has done s.t., or has been doing s.t I was about to forget my homework. ใฐใใ๏ผๆใปใจใ page 497state where just about to/ has done s.t., or has been doing s.t I was saved by Gene was I was in a dangerous state. ใฐใใ๏ผๆใปใจใ page 497state where just about to/ has done s.t., or has been doing s.t I'm sorry to bother you in the midst of your work. ใฐใใ๏ผๆใปใจใ page 497state where just about to/ has done s.t., or has been doing s.t I'm just about to go out now. ใฐใใ๏ผๆใปใจใ page 497state where just about to/ has done s.t., or has been doing s.t The state in which I was dancing with Terry was seen by Martha. ใฐใใ๏ผๆใปใจใ page 497state where just about to/ has done s.t., or has been doing s.t Mariko came (to see me) at the state in which I had just finished my meal. ใฐใใ๏ผๆใปใจใ page 497state where just about to/ has done s.t., or has been doing s.t I fell asleep in the state in which I had to read it up to the third chapter. ใฐใใ๏ผๆใปใจใ page 497state where just about to/ has done s.t., or has been doing s.t I was almost drowned. ใฐใใ๏ผๆใปใจใ page 497
๏ฝใซใใ s.o. has decided on s.t I've decided on this apartment. ใซๆฑบใใใปใซใใใ page 310๏ฝใซใใ s.o. has decided on s.t What have you decided on? / I've decided on steak. ใซๆฑบใใใปใซใใใ page 310๏ฝใซใใ s.o. has decided on s.t Mr. Okada (has) decided on an American car. ใซๆฑบใใใปใซใใใ page 310
be able to do s.t.; can do s.t.; be -able; ~ can be done I can read Japanese. ่ใใใใปใใใใ๏ผๅญใจๅบใใใปใงใใ๏ผ่ฆใใใปใฟใใ page 370be able to do s.t.; can do s.t.; be -able; ~ can be done This water is not drinkable. ่ใใใใปใใใใ๏ผๅญใจๅบใใใปใงใใ๏ผ่ฆใใใปใฟใใ page 370be able to do s.t.; can do s.t.; be -able; ~ can be done Mr. Brown can east sashimi. ่ใใใใปใใใใ๏ผๅญใจๅบใใใปใงใใ๏ผ่ฆใใใปใฟใใ page 370be able to do s.t.; can do s.t.; be -able; ~ can be done Mr. Terada can play tennis. ่ใใใใปใใใใ๏ผๅญใจๅบใใใปใงใใ๏ผ่ฆใใใปใฟใใ page 370be able to do s.t.; can do s.t.; be -able; ~ can be done This letter is not readable. ่ใใใใปใใใใ๏ผๅญใจๅบใใใปใงใใ๏ผ่ฆใใใปใฟใใ page 370easy to; ready to; be apt to; prone to; do s.t. easily This kanji is easy to memorize. page 541easy to; ready to; be apt to; prone to; do s.t. easily His house is easy to find. page 541easy to; ready to; be apt to; prone to; do s.t. easily Prof. Sato is easy to talk to. page 541easy to; ready to; be apt to; prone to; do s.t. easily This pen is easy to write with. page 541easy to; ready to; be apt to; prone to; do s.t. easily Mr. Ueno was easy to work with. page 541easy to; ready to; be apt to; prone to; do s.t. easily Tofu roots easily. page 541
๏ฝใใใซใใ do ~ in such a way that ~; see to it that ~; make sure that ~; bring it about that ~ I'll make sure that I do exercises everyday. ๏ฝใใใซใชใ page 562๏ฝใใใซใใ do ~ in such a way that ~; see to it that ~; make sure that ~; bring it about that ~ I'm making sure I speak Japanese as much as possible. ๏ฝใใใซใชใ page 562๏ฝใใใซใใ do ~ in such a way that ~; see to it that ~; make sure that ~; bring it about that ~ I've made sure that I won't see Yamakawa. ๏ฝใใใซใชใ page 562๏ฝใใใซใใ do ~ in such a way that ~; see to it that ~; make sure that ~; bring it about that ~ I made a point of asking my teacher about the things I don't understand. ๏ฝใใใซใชใ page 562๏ฝใใใซใใ do ~ in such a way that ~; see to it that ~; make sure that ~; bring it about that ~ Please make sure that you come at eight every morning. ๏ฝใใใซใชใ page 562๏ฝใใใซใใ do ~ in such a way that ~; see to it that ~; make sure that ~; bring it about that ~ I've seen to it that people can see from the rear seats, too. ๏ฝใใใซใชใ page 562
be comprehensible; understand; can tell; figure out To me this word is not comprehensible. ็ฅใใปใใ page 529ๅใใใปใใใ be comprehensible; understand; can tell; figure out I don't understand the meaning of this movie. ็ฅใใปใใ page 529ๅใใใปใใใ be comprehensible; understand; can tell; figure out This problem is too difficult to understand. ็ฅใใปใใ page 529ๅใใใปใใใ be comprehensible; understand; can tell; figure out I can't tell if I can finish this work by tomorrow. ็ฅใใปใใ page 529ๅใใใปใใใ be comprehensible; understand; can tell; figure out Do you know Mr. Tanaka? / Yes, I know him, but he is somehow incomprehensible to me. ็ฅใใปใใ page 529ใใฃใใ with effort; at great pain; take the trouble to do ~ I took the trouble to go see my friend, but he wasn't at home. ๆ ใ ใปใใใใ page 393ใใฃใใ with effort; at great pain; take the trouble to do ~ I entered a good college with great effort, so I intend to study hard. ๆ ใ ใปใใใใ page 393ใใฃใใ with effort; at great pain; take the trouble to do ~ Although Sunday is precious (to me), I worked (all day long). ๆ ใ ใปใใใใ page 393ใใฃใใ with effort; at great pain; take the trouble to do ~ I went as far as America at great expense, but, to my regret, I couldn't make it to New York. ๆ ใ ใปใใใใ page 393ใใฃใใ with effort; at great pain; take the trouble to do ~ Because I studied Japanese for (as many as) three years, I would love to go to Japan once. ๆ ใ ใปใใใใ page 393ใใฃใใ with effort; at great pain; take the trouble to do ~ My long awaited trip had to be canceled because of my illness. ๆ ใ ใปใใใใ page 393ใใฃใใ with effort; at great pain; take the trouble to do ~ I appreciate your most kind offer, but I'm too busy to go there today. ๆ ใ ใปใใใใ page 393ใใฃใใ with effort; at great pain; take the trouble to do ~ It's a good chance, so why don't you date her? ๆ ใ ใปใใใใ page 393่ใใใใปใใใใ s.t. is passively, spontaneously audible To me the cries of a nightingale are clearly audible. ่ใใใปใใใ page 188่ใใใใปใใใใ s.t. is passively, spontaneously audible That sound is too weak and is not audible. ่ใใใปใใใ page 188่ใใใใปใใใใ s.t. is passively, spontaneously audible Mr. Oyama's voice is so loud that people in the neighbouring rooms can hear him. ่ใใใปใใใ page 188่ใใใใปใใใใ s.t. is passively, spontaneously audible I could hear the sound of the temple bell, but my younger brother couldn't. ่ใใใปใใใ page 188่ใใใใปใใใใ s.t. is passively, spontaneously audible The sentences which Mr. Taylor made sound strange. ่ใใใปใใใ page 188ๅซใใ ใปใใใใ s.t. or s.o. is what s.o. does not like I don't like cheese. page 190ๅซใใ ใปใใใใ s.t. or s.o. is what s.o. does not like I dislike winter. page 190ๅซใใ ใปใใใใ s.t. or s.o. is what s.o. does not like Mr. White hates football. page 190ใใใจ thereupon ~; then ~; and ~ I began jogging. Then, I began to have a good appetite. ใใใงใฏ๏ผใใใใใจ page 438ใใใจ thereupon ~; then ~; and ~ Today is Monday, you know. / Then, that department store is closed, isn't it? ใใใงใฏ๏ผใใใใใจ page 438ใใใจ thereupon ~; then ~; and ~ I bought a bike. Then, my younger brother wanted one, too. ใใใงใฏ๏ผใใใใใจ page 438ใใใจ thereupon ~; then ~; and ~ I took an aspirin because I had a headache. Then, the headache disappeared right away. ใใใงใฏ๏ผใใใใใจ page 438ใใใจ thereupon ~; then ~; and ~ My son is now a junior at high schoo. / Then, he is going to take a college entrance examination next year, isn't it? ใใใงใฏ๏ผใใใใใจ page 438ใใใจใ or; either ~ or ~ It's either that this book is wrong or that I am wrong. page 421ใใใจใ or; either ~ or ~ Will you have sashimi, or will you have sukiyaki? page 421ใใใจใ or; either ~ or ~ Either I will come or Mr. Murai will come. page 421ใใใจใ or; either ~ or ~ Is he a teacher or a doctor? page 421
ใใ desire to do s.t. / want (to do s.t.); would like (to do s.t.) I want to go to Japan. page 442ใใ desire to do s.t. / want (to do s.t.); would like (to do s.t.) I want to eat pizza now. page 442ใใ desire to do s.t. / want (to do s.t.); would like (to do s.t.) Mr. Suzuki is showing signs of wanting to go to America. page 442ใใ desire to do s.t. / want (to do s.t.); would like (to do s.t.) I want to drink a cold beer. page 442ใใ desire to do s.t. / want (to do s.t.); would like (to do s.t.) What do you want to eat today? page 442ใใ desire to do s.t. / want (to do s.t.); would like (to do s.t.) Mr. Miki wants to buy a car. page 442ใใจใซ regularly in succession after temporal, spatial interval I took medicine every three hours. ใพใ๏ผใใใซ page 129ใใจใซ regularly in succession after temporal, spatial interval They put up pine tree decorations at every house on New Year's Day. ใพใ๏ผใใใซ page 129ใใจใซ regularly in succession after temporal, spatial interval There is a test after every lesson. ใพใ๏ผใใใซ page 129ใใจใซ regularly in succession after temporal, spatial interval Every semester teachers change. ใพใ๏ผใใใซ page 129ใใจใซ regularly in succession after temporal, spatial interval Mr. Kimura greets everyone he meets. ใพใ๏ผใใใซ page 129ใใจใซ regularly in succession after temporal, spatial interval I'm playing tennis every third day. ใพใ๏ผใใใซ page 129ใใกใซ while; before; during Mr. Maeda's English improved while he was in America. ้๏ผใซ๏ผใปใใใ ๏ผใซ๏ผ๏ผๅใซใปใพใใซ๏ผไธญ๏ผใซ๏ผใปใกใ ใ๏ผใซ๏ผ page 512ใใกใซ while; before; during Before I've achieved anything, this year is over. ้๏ผใซ๏ผใปใใใ ๏ผใซ๏ผ๏ผๅใซใปใพใใซ๏ผไธญ๏ผใซ๏ผใปใกใ ใ๏ผใซ๏ผ page 512ใใกใซ while; before; during My stomach started to ache while I was running. ้๏ผใซ๏ผใปใใใ ๏ผใซ๏ผ๏ผๅใซใปใพใใซ๏ผไธญ๏ผใซ๏ผใปใกใ ใ๏ผใซ๏ผ page 512ใใกใซ while; before; during Read many books while you're young. ้๏ผใซ๏ผใปใใใ ๏ผใซ๏ผ๏ผๅใซใปใพใใซ๏ผไธญ๏ผใซ๏ผใปใกใ ใ๏ผใซ๏ผ page 513ใใกใซ while; before; during I'll go and play tennis (and come back) before it rains. ้๏ผใซ๏ผใปใใใ ๏ผใซ๏ผ๏ผๅใซใปใพใใซ๏ผไธญ๏ผใซ๏ผใปใกใ ใ๏ผใซ๏ผ page 513ใใกใซ while; before; during There is something I want to tell you before I forget. ้๏ผใซ๏ผใปใใใ ๏ผใซ๏ผ๏ผๅใซใปใพใใซ๏ผไธญ๏ผใซ๏ผใปใกใ ใ๏ผใซ๏ผ page 513ใใกใซ while; before; during While thinking about it, I got lost. ้๏ผใซ๏ผใปใใใ ๏ผใซ๏ผ๏ผๅใซใปใพใใซ๏ผไธญ๏ผใซ๏ผใปใกใ ใ๏ผใซ๏ผ page 513ใใกใซ while; before; during I'd like to work as much as possible while I can work. ้๏ผใซ๏ผใปใใใ ๏ผใซ๏ผ๏ผๅใซใปใพใใซ๏ผไธญ๏ผใซ๏ผใปใกใ ใ๏ผใซ๏ผ page 513ใใกใซ while; before; during Please drink it while it is warm. ้๏ผใซ๏ผใปใใใ ๏ผใซ๏ผ๏ผๅใซใปใพใใซ๏ผไธญ๏ผใซ๏ผใปใกใ ใ๏ผใซ๏ผ page 513๏ฝใใใซใชใ reach the point where ~; come to ~; it has come to be that ~; have finally become Mr. Jackson has readed the point where he can speak Japanese. ใใจใซใชใ๏ผ๏ฝใชใใชใ๏ผ๏ฝใใใซใใ page 559๏ฝใใใซใชใ reach the point where ~; come to ~; it has come to be that ~; have finally become Mr. Hayashi has reached the point here he does not drink sake. ใใจใซใชใ๏ผ๏ฝใชใใชใ๏ผ๏ฝใใใซใใ page 559๏ฝใใใซใชใ reach the point where ~; come to ~; it has come to be that ~; have finally become I am finally able to read difficult Japanese. ใใจใซใชใ๏ผ๏ฝใชใใชใ๏ผ๏ฝใใใซใใ page 559๏ฝใใใซใชใ reach the point where ~; come to ~; it has come to be that ~; have finally become Pat doesn't talk with me any more. ใใจใซใชใ๏ผ๏ฝใชใใชใ๏ผ๏ฝใใใซใใ page 559๏ฝใใใซใชใ reach the point where ~; come to ~; it has come to be that ~; have finally become You'll soon come to understand the fun of it, I tell you. ใใจใซใชใ๏ผ๏ฝใชใใชใ๏ผ๏ฝใใใซใใ page 559๏ฝใใใซใชใ reach the point where ~; come to ~; it has come to be that ~; have finally become This street has reached a point where people cannot pass. ใใจใซใชใ๏ผ๏ฝใชใใชใ๏ผ๏ฝใใใซใใ page 559๏ฝใใใซ่จใใป๏ฝใใใซใใ tell ~ to ~; say ~ in such a way The teacher told his students to do homework. page 557๏ฝใใใซ่จใใป๏ฝใใใซใใ tell ~ to ~; say ~ in such a way Mr. Sakamoto told Yukie to be waiting in front of the library. page 557๏ฝใใใซ่จใใป๏ฝใใใซใใ tell ~ to ~; say ~ in such a way I'm sorry, but could you please tell Mr. Kobayashi to come here at 9 o'clock tomorrow morning? page 557๏ฝใใใซ่จใใป๏ฝใใใซใใ tell ~ to ~; say ~ in such a way I said it in such a way that is was clearly audible, but... page 557ใใค by; at a time. I memorize five kanji every day. page 572ใใค by; at a time. I'm buying three books per month. page 572ใใค by; at a time. I have become a better golfer bit by bit. page 572ใใค by; at a time. I gave two books to each of the children. page 572
-ใใ attached to the stem of an Adj (ใ) to indicate s.t. that one cannot objectively measure on any scale (e.g. human emotion) ๆฒใใ / ๆฅฝใใ/ ใใใ / ็พๅณใใ/ ่ฆใใ / ้ ผใใใ ใใชใใ / ใใฎใใ / ใใใ / ใใใใ / ใใใใ / ใใฎใใใ-ใใ attached to the stem of an Adj (ใ) to indicate s.t. that one cannot objectively measure on any scale (e.g. human emotion) ๆใใ/ ๅณใใ / ็พจใพใใ / ๅฏใใ / ๆใใ/ ๅฆฌใพใใ ใใใใ / ใใณใใ / ใใใใพใใ / ใใณใใ / ใใใ / ใญใใพใใ--ใใ attached to the stem of an Adj (ใ) to indicate s.t. that one cannot objectively measure on any scale (e.g. human emotion) ๆใใใ/ ้ฃใใ/ ๆใใ / ๅฌใใ/ ่ฆชใใ/ ๆถผใใ ใใใใใ / ใใใใ / ใใใใ / ใใใใ / ใใใใ / ใใใใ
ใใค by; at a time. There were six girl students in each class. page 572ใฉใฎใฏใฉในใซใๅฅณๅญๅญฆ็ใๅ ญไบบใใคใใใ ใฉใฎใฏใฉในใซใใใใใใใใใใใใซใใใคใใใ
