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Domestic E-Waste in Africa R li f P fit ? Recycling for a Profit ? Kl Hi i Klaus Hieronymi Chairman of the Environmental Board Hewlett-Packard EMEA
Domestic E-Waste in AfricaR li f P fit ?Recycling for a Profit ?
Kl Hi iKlaus HieronymiChairman of the Environmental BoardHewlett-Packard EMEA
AgendaAgenda
• What is e-waste?• Situation in Developing Countires today• HP / Umicore Projectj
What is e-waste?
E-Waste in the EU is mainly a ‚White‘ problem
According to the most recent data from the UK Env Agency According to the most recent data from the UK Env. Agency, approx. 3.5% of total e-Waste results from IT & Telecoms.
Domestic E-Waste in Africa recycling for a Profit ?
EU S th
Net Value of Metals in Scrap IT ProductsEU South
Africa*Printer: - $ 0 45 + $ 0 74Printer: $ 0.45 + $ 0.74
PC: +$ 2.75 + $ 2.60
CRT: $ 2 95** + $ 2 90***CRT: - $ 2.95** + $ 2.90***
* EMPA estimation (2007 scrap metal prices) EMPA estimation (2007 scrap metal prices)** including proper CRT lead glass recycling*** CRT lead glass dumping
Domestic E-Waste in Africa recycling for a Profit ?
Development of Raw Metal Prices
Domestic E-Waste in Africa recycling for a Profit ?Sources of E-Waste in Developing Countries
today
Donations 2nd HandIllegal Shipments DomesticShipments
E-Waste
Domestic E-Waste in Africa recycling for a Profit ?Sources of E-Waste in Developing Countries
tomorrow
Donations 2nd HandIllegal Shipments DomesticShipments
E-Waste
Domestic E-Waste in Africa recycling for a Profit ?Informal – Formal Sector
E WE-Waste
5% 95%
Informal Recycling Formal Recycling •Public Waste Collection •Individuals collecting waste •Recycling compliant with legislation / standards•Waste Disposal compliant with legislation /standardsS i id d b i
g•“Backyard Recycling”, very often not following standards•Waste disposal not compliant with legislation /standards
•Services provided by companies
With metal prices (and plastic) prices soaring, the informal sector will be a major channel for E-waste treatment, not only in developing countries
HP activities (2008)HP activities (2008)
Investigate the informal sector in 3 African Countries:
Countries: South Africa, Kenya, Morocco
Goal: Understand local E-Waste structure
Partner: EMPA (Swiss Gov. Agency), Digital Solidarity Fund
India*: Informal Sector Flow Chart (simplified)
Origin Collect DisposeRecoverDismantle
Commodity Scrap
Dealers (Steel Repair &
fC t Dealers (Steel, Aluminum)
2nd hand trade
(Auctions)
Refurbish
Donations(Import)
CorporateUsers
“Wh l S l ” / Industrialized Metal
PrivateConsumer
( p )
Dismantlingoperations
“Whole Sale” / Sorting
(PC, Fridge,..)
Industrialized Metal Refineries
Informal Dumping &
BurningCollection by individuals
Simple Precious Metal
LeachingDismantling(individual)
* Based on data from a Swiss / German Government Project(GEZ/EMPA)
India flow chart: Dismantling by individualsRecoverDismantle
Commodity Commodity Scrap
Dealers (Steel, Aluminum)
Dismantlingoperations
Industrialized Metal Refineries
operations
Dismantling(individual)
•health & environmental issues caused by inpropper process, workers protection, spilling, p pp p , p , p g,fumes, toxic emissions of impropper processes (Cyanid Acids), low yield
India flow chart: Precious metal recovery by individuals
RecoverDismantle
Commodity Commodity Scrap
Dealers (Steel, Aluminum)
Dismantlingoperations
Industrialized Metal Refineries
Simple Precious Metal
Recovery
operations
Dismantling(individual)
•health & environmental issues caused by inpropper process, workers protection, spilling, fumes, toxic emissions of impropper processesRecovery emissions of impropper processes (Cyanid Acids), low yield
India flow chart: Informal dumping and burning by individuals
RecoverDismantle Dispose
Commodity Commodity Scrap
Dealers (Steel, Aluminum)
Dismantlingoperations
Industrialized Metal Refineries
Informal Dumping &
Burning
Simple Precious Metal
Leaching
operations
Dismantling(individual) BurningLeaching
•health & environmental issues caused by illegal dumping, incineration, air , water & soil
i i
Informal metal recovery is the most problematic step
Each of the three stages has a health and environmental impact, but the metal recovery is the most problematic from a health and environment point of view(Burning of entire units, cables, Cyanide leaching, Amalgamation, electrolytic Au stripping )
Emissions are very high:•Dioxins •Cyanide•Cyanide
Efficencies are very low:> 60% losses of precious metals> 60% losses of precious metals during mechanical processing> 50% losses during chemical processestotal precious metal yield < 30%plastic yield 0%
India flow chart: Informal Sector Basic Improvement
Origin Collect DisposeRecoverDismantle
Commodity Scrap
Dealers (Steel Repair &
fC t Dealers (Steel, Aluminum)
2nd hand trade
(Auctions)
Refurbish
Donations(Import)
CorporateUsers
“Wh l S l ” / Industrialized Metal
PrivateConsumer
( p )
Dismantlingoperations
“Whole Sale” / Sorting
(PC, Fridge,..)
Industrialized Metal Refineries
Informal Dumping &
BurningCollection by individuals
Simple Precious Metal
LeachingDismantling(individual)
The challenge
• How can we prevent individual dismantling, precious metal recovery, informal dumping and burning, and provide safe alternative j b ?jobs?
.. more questions ….
•How do we ensure that “scavengers / rag pickers” h $ f idi ihave more $ from providing equipment to proper dismantlers than from recovering metals by their own ??•What is the right combination of local, manual and high-tech recycling ?
LOCAL commodity scrap... Many Jobs (e.g. sorting plastic)plastic)
Metal recovery – not to be handled LOCALLY – instead it is industrialisedLOCALLY – instead it is industrialised
Highly intensive industrialised process to safely recover metalssafely recover metals
.. the universal answer ….
Manufacturers establish a Take Back infrastructure and pay……
.. a fundamental question ….
•What is the business model / case behind ?
•What are potential income streams (re-furbishment, parts, materials, alternative use )?
•Can such a system survive without permanent subsidies?subsidies?
•What is the role of the Government ?
.. and a try to answer it ....
Private Public Partnership:
Develop and Implement E-Waste Structure in Morocco which is not depending on permanent p g p
subsidies from OEM’s or Administration
Phase I Objective: Develop Business case / Model.Partners: GTZ (German Development Agency), HP, UmicorePartners: GTZ (German Development Agency), HP, Umicore
Phase II Objective: Implementation PlanningPartners: GTZ, HP, Umicore, ……open to others
Phase III Objective: Establish Pilot StructurePartners: GTZ, HP, Umicore, …..open to others
