Dominic a Autism

8/19/2019 Dominic a Autism

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AUTISM


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OverviewWhat is Autism?

Is there more than one type of Autism?

What causes Autism?

How is Autism diagnosed?

What are the characteristics of Autism?

What are the most eective approachesto treating Autism? Is there a cure?


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WHAT IS AUTISM?ery comp!e"# often $a%ingdeve!opmenta! disa$i!ity

&irst descri$ed $y 'eo(anner in )*+, as earlyinfantile autism

-Auto. / chi!dren are -!oc0ed

within themse!ves1.&or ne"t ,2 years#considered to $e anemotional disturbance


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WHAT IS AUTISM?, categories for autism in I34A?

Today# autism is a severe form of

a broader group of disorders

These are referred to as pervasivedevelopmental disorders 5!ater6

Typica!!y appears during the 7rst ,years of !ife


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WHAT IS AUTISM?ery !i0e!y neurological in origin /not emotiona!# not the refrigerator

mom8reva!ence is 9:;o re!ation to fami!y income# !ifesty!e


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WHAT IS AUTISM?Autism impacts norma! deve!opmentof the $rain in areas of social

interaction and communicationskills.

3icu!t to communicate with othersand re!ate to the outside wor!d1

Occasiona!!y# aggressive and


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WHAT IS AUTISM?May e"hi$it repeated bodymovements 5hand apping#

roc0ing61Unusual responses to people

Attachment to objects

Resistance to change in routine

Sensory sensitivities


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WHAT AB4 TH4 TC84S?Actua!!y# the -um$re!!a. heading isPervasive Developmental

Disorder (PDD.Autism is one of the D 833s1

A!! have commona!ities in

communication and socia! de7cits

3ier in terms of severity


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)1 Autistic 3isorderImpairments in socialinteraction! communication#

and imaginative play1Apparent $efore age ,1

A!so inc!udes stereotyped

$ehaviors# interests# and activities


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91 AspergerEs 3isorderImpairments in socia! interactions#and presence of restricted

interests and activities>o c!inica!!y signi7cant genera!de!ay in !anguage

Average to a$ove averageinte!!igence


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". Pervasive DevelopmentalDisorder # $ot %ther&ise

Speci'ed (PDD$%S

Often referred to as atypicalautism

Used when a chi!d does not meetthe criteria for a speci7c diagnosis#$ut there is severe and pervasive

impairment in speci7ed $ehaviors


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+1 BettEs 3isorder8rogressive disorder which# to date#has on!y occurred in gir!s1

8eriod of norma! deve!opment andthen the !oss of previous!y acFuireds0i!!s

A!so !oss of purposefu! use of hands#

which is rep!aced $y repetitive handmovements

Geginning at age of ):+ years


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D1 hi!dhood

3isintegrative 3isorder>orma! deve!opment for at !eastthe 7rst 9 years

Then signi7cant !oss of previous!yacFuired s0i!!s


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onc!usions on TypesAutism is a spectrum disorder

This means that symptoms and

characteristics can present themse!vesin wide variety of com$inations# frommi!d to severe

Autistic individua!s can $e very dierent

from each other-Autism. is sti!! common!y used to referto any of the D 833s


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What causes 5and doesnEt

cause6 autism?ood agreement in genera! thatautism is caused $y a$norma!ities

in $rain deve!opment#neurochemistry# and geneticfactors

Gett!eheimEs theory of psychogenesis?


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How is Autism 3iagnosed?>o de7nitive medica! test

Team uses interviews# o$servation# and

speci7c chec0!ists deve!oped for thispurpose1

Team might inc!ude neuro!ogist# psycho!ogist#deve!opmenta! pediatrician# speech

therapist# !earning consu!tant# etc1Must ru!e out MB# hearing impairment#$ehavior disorders# or eccentric ha$its


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HABAT4BISTIS)1 ommunication


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)1

ommunication

comp!e" s0i!!s Two common impairmentsJ

A1 Delayed language

G1 )cholalia


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A1 3e!ayed !anguageD2K of autistic individua!s wi!! eventua!!yhave usefu! speech 5?6

Pronoun reversalJ -Cou want whiteicing on choco!ate ca0e1.

3icu!ty in conversing easi!y with others

3icu!ty in shifting topics

'oo0 awayL poor eye contact

*acilitated communication++++++


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4!ements of &aci!itated

ommunication)1 8hysica! Support

91 Initia! training


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G1 4cho!a!iaommon in very young chi!dren5Age ,6

Immediate or de!ayed 5even years6

Is there communicative intent withecho!a!ia?


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91 Socia! InteractionOne of ha!!mar0s of autism is !ac0 ofsocia! interaction

)1 Impaired use of nonver$a! $ehavior91 'ac0 of peer re!ationships

,1 &ai!ure to spontaneous!y shareen@oyment# interests# etc1 with others

+1 'ac0 of reciprocity

,heory of mind+


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,1 GehaviorsRepetitive behaviors# inc!udingobsessions, tics, and perseveration

-mpeding behaviors 5impede their!earning or the !earning of others6

Wi!! need positive $ehavior supports

A. Selfinjurious behavior

. Aggression


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+1 Sensory and movement

disordersery common

Over: or under:sensitive to sensory stimu!i

A$norma! posture and movements of theface# head# trun0# and !im$s

A$norma! eye movements

Bepeated gestures and mannerisms

Movement disorders can $e detected veryear!y / perhaps at $irth


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D1 8redicta$i!ityhange in routine is very stressfu!

May insist on particu!ar furniture

arrangement# food at mea!s# Tshows

Symmetry is often important

Interventions need to focus onpreparing students for change ifpossi$!e


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;1 Inte!!ectua! functioningAutism occurs in chi!dren of a!! !eve!s ofinte!!igence# from those who are giftedto those who have menta! retardation

In genera!# ma@ority of individua!s withautism are a!so identi7ed as havingmenta! retardation / NDK $e!ow N2

er$a! and reasoning s0i!!s are dicu!tSavant syndrome


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Interventions)1 Individua!iation and ear!yintervention are the 0eys

91 Inc!ude !ife s0i!!s# functiona!academics# and vocationa!preparation

,1 8ositive $ehavior support+1 Socia! stories 5music therapy?6

D1 'ovaas mode!

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Dominic a Autism

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