Donor Screening All blood comes from VOLUNTEER donors.
Screening performed to ensure donor is healthy. Starts with the
donor and first impressions are critical Clean, well lit donation
facility from waiting room to collection area Pleasant,
professional staff who can ask the appropriate questions, observe
and interpret the responses, and ensure that the collection process
is as pleasant as possible
Slide 3
Blood Bank versus Blood Center Confusion exists and terms are
sometimes used inappropriately Blood bank in a hospital is also
known as the transfusion service, performs compatibility testing
and prepares components for transfusion Blood Center is the
donation center, screens donors, draws donors, performs testing on
the donor blood, and delivers appropriate components to the
hospital blood bank
Slide 4
Standards, Regulations, Governing Bodies Strict guidelines
exist and inspections are performed in both blood centers and blood
banks to ensure the safety of the donors and patients Some or all
of the following agencies may be involved: MOH Ministry of Health
General Directorate for Medical Laboratories Local Blood bank
Bodies (inside KSA) Saudi Commission For Health Specialists AABB -
American Association of Blood Banks CAP College of the American
Pathologists
Slide 5
Donor Screening Two goals or purposes for screening Protect the
health of the potential donor Protect the health of the potential
recipient Four outcomes Acceptance Temporary deferral Indefinite
deferral Permanent deferral Three components of screening
Registration Health history interview Limited physical
examination.
Slide 6
Donor Registration Donor signs in Written materials are given
to the donor which explains high risk activities which may make the
donor ineligible Donor must be informed and give consent that blood
will be used for others unless they are in a special donor category
First time donors must provide proof of identification such as ID
card, citizen number, address and any other unique information.
Repeat donors may be required to show photo ID.
Slide 7
Donor Registration Additional useful information Name Race
Unique donor characteristics Donor must be provided with HIV high
risk activities Warnings about donor reactions Tests that will be
performed and notification Post phlebotomy care instructions
Slide 8
Medical History Frequency of donation Whole blood or red blood
cells 8 weeks (sometimes 12 wks) Two unit red cell unit 16 weeks
Plateletpheresis up to 24 times/year Plasmapheresis once every 4
weeks, can be done twice a week
Slide 9
Medical History A thorough history is obtained each time
Standardized universal questionnaire is used Questions are asked
that are very intimate in nature but are critical in assessing HIV
or HBV risks Has donor ever been deferred, if yes, why. Medications
the donor is taking are present in plasma, may cause deferral
Infections the donor has may be passed to recipient, may be cause
for deferral
Slide 10
Blood Donation Identification Questionnaire used by MOH King
Khalid Blood bank. Body recovers the Blood very quickly: Blood
plasma volume within 24 - 48 hours Red Blood Cells in about 3 weeks
Platelets & White Blood Cells within minutes
Slide 11
Permanent Deferrals Immoral activities. Used IV drugs even ONCE
in lifetime. Taking clotting factors. Hepatitis after age 11.
Cancer deferrals vary, some accept after period of being disease
free others do not accept. Protozoan diseases such as Chagas
disease or Babesiosis Received human pituitary growth hormone.
Positive test for: HBsAg, Hepatitis C, HTLV I/II or HIV. Was the
only common donor in 2 cases of post-transfusion HIV or HBV in
recipient Medications like : Tegison
Slide 12
12 Month Deferral Recipient of blood, components or blood
products such as coagulation factors Sexually transmitted
disease-if acquired indicates safe sex not practiced and donor at
risk for HIV and HBV Accupuncture, tattoo, ear piercing Needle
stick Rabies vaccine Any intimate sexual relations with HIV or HBV
positive, hemophiliacs, drug users or individuals receiving
drugs.
Slide 13
Temporary Deferrals Certain immunizations 2 weeks -MMR, yellow
fever, oral polio, typhoid 4 weeks -Rubella, Chicken Pox 2 months
small pox Pregnancy Certain medications Proscar/Propecia, Accutane
1 month Avodart 6 months Soriatane 3 years Feldene no platelet
donation for 2 days. Plavix and Ticlid no platelet donation for 14
days Malaria 3 years West Nile virus 28 days
Slide 14
Female donors cannot donate blood During pregnancy After
delivery for one year When lactating During menstrual period and
for 7 days there after Male donors cannot donate blood If consumed
Alcohol in the previous 24 hours
Slide 15
Physical Examination Evaluate general appearance Weight : >
45 kgs (18 60 years) Temperature 37.5 C OR 99.5F Blood pressure
Systolic
Slide 16
Donor Categories Allogeneic, homologous and random donor terms
used for blood donated by individuals for anyones use Autologous
donate blood for your own use only Recipient Specific Directed
donation donor called in because blood/blood product is needed for
a specific patient Therapeutic bleeding blood removed for medical
purposes such as in polycythemia vera. NOT used for
transfusion.
Slide 17
Donor Categories Apheresis removal of 1 component, return the
rest Leukapheresis Plateletpheresis Plasmapheresis Stem cells Bone
marrow Apheresis
Slide 18
PHELEBOTOMY Preparation for the venipuncture oRe-identification
of the donor to avoid errors oSelection of the arm and vein oSkin
preparation, scrubbing of the area oLocal anesthesia (not always)
Venipuncture Mixing of the blood during the procedure Samples for
the screening tests End of procedure
Slide 19
Blood collection Monitor Electronic Donor Couch
Slide 20
Post Donation Advice Drink lots of fluids for next 24 hours
Avoid smoking for one hour & alcohol till after a meal Dont use
elevator to go up immediately after donation as it will make blood
rush to your feet & make you dizzy! Avoid highly strenuous
exercises & games for a day If you feel dizzy, lie down &
put your feet up. You will be alright in 10-20 mins. Remove
band-aid after 4 hours. If it bleeds, apply pressure & reapply
band-aid. If bruised and painful, apply cold-pack 4 to 5 times for
5 mins each. The bruise is due to blood seeping into the
surrounding tissue. It will take a few days to get reabsorbed.