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The Rebel’s HandbookBy : Doosan and Austin
STEP ONE
Support and develop leaders who are educated and able to convince people to be involved to change the government
Example : Nelson Mandela Oliver Tambo Steve Biko Bishop Tutu
STEP TWO
Form an organization because you can’t change a government alone
Examples : ANC - Organized protests PAC – Also organized protest including
Sharpeville, this lead to UN issuing a condemnation of the government of South Africa
STEP THREE
Organize peaceful demonstrations that do not include violence
Example : ANC peaceful demonstration on June 26,
1952.
STEP FOUR
Find nearby country allies who also oppose the government.
Example : Nelson Mandela asked the white’s communist
party for help to create the separate group called MK.
The ANC group that Mandela was in made an alliance with the PAC (Pan African Congress)
Nelson Mandela’s alliance with Botha
STEP FIVE
Have leaders give speeches in many places to get people to support the change.
Example : Bishop Tutu’s speech in 1986 about apartheid Nelson Mandela’s 4 hour speech in the
treason trial Nelson’s speech after his release from jail
People or Things that helped stop Apartheid
ANC (African National Congress)This group was create by educated lawyers
who opposed the government of Africa.They organized a lot of peaceful non-violent
demonstrations to change or stop apartheid.
They were a huge part of the End of Apartheid because of their leader Nelson Mandela who organized everything.
Lesson :All causes need a good leader and a good organization.
NamibiaNamibia was the same as South Africa, the
whites had power over the blacks there. When Namibia did many things like
demonstrations to stop the white people from overpowering the blacks, they achieved their freedom.
Namibia showed South Africa that if they can do it, South Africa can do it too.
Lesson :Never give up even though you are in a
grave situation.
Pieter Willem BothaBotha legalized interracial marriage and
also released the land that non-whites were not allowed to stay in.
He gave limited political rights to some of the black people, however, he was not helping to change or stop apartheid, he was just doing what he thought it was right.
Lesson :Dialogue is necessary between opponents.
Bishop TutuHe was a big help to stop apartheid because he
had moral authority, he was the bishop of the Anglican Church.
He encouraged the demonstrators to demonstrate more powerfully.
The noble piece prize allowed him to inform the whole world with his speech about apartheid.
Lesson :Try to get the whole world to listen to what you want, and why you want to change the government
PAC (Pan African Congress)This group showed the people around
the world how brutal apartheid was.They accepted human life as part of
their strategy.They organized the Sharpeville
demonstration in which 69 protestors were killed and about 180 were wounded.
Lesson : Sometimes violence is the only option.
Sanctions & Economic PressureThrough the UN economic pressure was put
on South Africa to stop apartheid.Sanctions against imports and exports were
put in place by many countries opposed to apartheid.
Lesson :Help and pressure from outside countries is needed for success.
Nelson Mandela in PrisonPeople who supported Mandela organized
demonstrations to get him released.Spokesmen asked Mandela he could be
released if he stops the rebellion, but he refused.
Lesson :Even in prison martyrs have power.
De KlerkHe saw apartheid was not working.He opened dialogue with ANC and Mandela.Later, De Klerk changed the apartheid laws.He was awarded the Nobel Piece Prize
which gave him higher status.Lesson :
It takes a man of character to say what was going on was wrong.
Steve BikoSteve was a martyr at that time.He organized groups called BPC ( Black
People’s Convention )and SASO ( South African Student’s Organization.
When Steve died by brain damage, It impacted the whole world which Steve’s family sued the states.
Lesson : Martyrs are have the will to die which martyrs are destined to die.
SharpevilleOn 1960 the ANC protest refused to
carry passbooks.The police panicked and open fire,
killing 69 demonstratorsThis event caused a shift from passive
resistance to armed resistance
Lesson :There may come a time when rebels must
take up arms.
SowetoJohannesburg township where much of the
important events of apartheid happenedSuch as Soweto uprising on 1976 over
education for blacks; killing of blacks by blacks for supporting the white government
Popular resistance to apartheid began: student boycotts, student organization, street committees, civic organization formed as alternatives to government structure.
Lesson :Rebels must organize themselves to help themselves and not rely on the government.
MK (Umkhonto We Sizwe)Military wing of ANCMK carried out sabotage on government
installationsLater car bombings, land mines, executionsTrained freedom fightersSupported by Mandela in his famous
speech, “I am prepared to die.”
Lesson :Sometimes rebels must use force.
Treason TrialTreason Trial was of almost the entire ANC
leadership.It charged with plotting to use violence to
overthrow the white government and replace it with communism.
Lesson :Martyrs are necessary for a revolution.
Inkatha and the Third ForceTribal extremist who wanted to break away
from ANC dominated rebellionWanted to establish their own tribal regionsWhite government encouraged the black
against black massacres.
Lesson :Sometimes different rebel organizations
can’t get along and fight among themselves.
CODESACODESA stands for Convention for a
Democratic South AfricaCODESA made new laws for the
government which most of them were the same laws as the past but repeated in a different way
Some of the laws that they made helped end apartheid but some made it worse
Lesson :Sometimes there is not only bad, there is
good too.
The Election of 1994This is when the IEC demanded a election
to mark apartheids endFor this election, 16 million black people
were allowed to vote and take placeAll races were allowed to participate in this
electionLesson :The more people you have supporting the
change, the higher the chance of change.