DOPING IN ITALY…

DOPING IN ITALY…DOPING IN ITALY…DOPING IN ITALY…DOPING IN ITALY…

THE INTERNATIONAL IMPACTTHE INTERNATIONAL IMPACTTHE INTERNATIONAL IMPACTTHE INTERNATIONAL IMPACTAND…AND…AND…AND…

Play the GamePlay the GameCopenaghen, 12th November Copenaghen, 12th November 20022002

Alessandro Alessandro DonatiDonati

1981-19851981-1985The Minister of Health: “Blood transfusions The Minister of Health: “Blood transfusions aimed to improving sports performances were aimed to improving sports performances were outlawed and defined Blood Doping”outlawed and defined Blood Doping”

1986: THE DISCOVERY OF DOPING DIARIES IN

1986: THE DISCOVERY OF DOPING DIARIES IN

ATHLETIC AND IN WEIGHTLIFTING NATIONAL

ATHLETIC AND IN WEIGHTLIFTING NATIONAL

TEAMSTEAMS

1981-2000: a long struggle…

19821982

19871987

19891989

19931993

19961996

19981998

198519851996-20021996-2002

19861986

While the events were taking place, while I While the events were taking place, while I continued my fight against doping in high level continued my fight against doping in high level athletes, I became progressively aware of a athletes, I became progressively aware of a new new

phenomenon: the ever increasing diffusion of phenomenon: the ever increasing diffusion of

doping intermediate level athletes and even doping intermediate level athletes and even

among amateur and junior athletes.among amateur and junior athletes. I very I very soon understood that this issue was just as soon understood that this issue was just as serious from an ethical point of view, but much serious from an ethical point of view, but much more dangerous as regards the health related more dangerous as regards the health related risks involved. High level athletes do indeed play risks involved. High level athletes do indeed play perilous games with doping substances, but they perilous games with doping substances, but they are careful to keep under control, as much as are careful to keep under control, as much as possible, the more dangerous side effects thanks possible, the more dangerous side effects thanks to accurate medical and laboratory tests.to accurate medical and laboratory tests.If amateur athletes recur to doping, they may If amateur athletes recur to doping, they may easily exaggerate the dosage or take these easily exaggerate the dosage or take these substance for too long; the health related risks substance for too long; the health related risks are then even greater.are then even greater.

DOPING IN ITALY:DOPING IN ITALY:THE INTERNATIONAL IMPACTTHE INTERNATIONAL IMPACT

CausesCauses

ProportionsProportions

Possible solutionsPossible solutions

THE SILENT DRAMA OF THE DIFFUSION THE SILENT DRAMA OF THE DIFFUSION AMONG AMATEURS AND PRACTITIONERSAMONG AMATEURS AND PRACTITIONERSTHE SILENT DRAMA OF THE DIFFUSION THE SILENT DRAMA OF THE DIFFUSION AMONG AMATEURS AND PRACTITIONERSAMONG AMATEURS AND PRACTITIONERS

EVALUATIONOF THE PROPORTIONSOF THE DOPING PHENOMENON


Results ofResults ofanti-dopinganti-dopingurine testsurine tests

ResultsResults of surveys of surveyson awareness andon awareness and

possible assumptionpossible assumptionof doping substancesof doping substances

THE SILENT DRAMA OF THE DOPING DIFFUSION AMONG AMATEURS AND PRACTITIONERSTHE SILENT DRAMA OF THE DOPING DIFFUSION AMONG AMATEURS AND PRACTITIONERS

Illegal commerceIllegal commerceand seizure ofand seizure of

doping substancesdoping substances

Sale of drugsSale of drugshaving a dopinghaving a doping

potentialpotential

ILLEGAL COMMERCEILLEGAL COMMERCEAND SEIZURE OF DOPING SUBSTANCESAND SEIZURE OF DOPING SUBSTANCES

PPiacenzaiacenza, , October October 19971997Four persons under arrest, 54 under criminal investigation, 21 Four persons under arrest, 54 under criminal investigation, 21 search warrants is the result of a police enquiry on the circulation search warrants is the result of a police enquiry on the circulation of anabolic hormones in the gymnasiums of northern Italy. Colonel of anabolic hormones in the gymnasiums of northern Italy. Colonel Travaglione, of the Carabinieri in Rome declares: “The extension of Travaglione, of the Carabinieri in Rome declares: “The extension of the illegal traffic is increasing greatly: in 1994 2.500 doses of the illegal traffic is increasing greatly: in 1994 2.500 doses of anabolic hormones were seized, in 1996 the figure rose to anabolic hormones were seized, in 1996 the figure rose to 176.000. This racket often uses the distributive chain used for 176.000. This racket often uses the distributive chain used for drugs”. drugs”.

MMilanoilano, , JanuaryJanuary 1999 1999The Carabinieri find two bags lying on the street that contain 35 The Carabinieri find two bags lying on the street that contain 35 kg of testosterone. The quantity is sufficient to dope 700.000 kg of testosterone. The quantity is sufficient to dope 700.000 athletes for one day or 70.000 for 10 days. athletes for one day or 70.000 for 10 days.

TTorinoorino,, January January 1999 1999The Attorney’s Office of Torino opens an enquiry on expenses illegally The Attorney’s Office of Torino opens an enquiry on expenses illegally ascribed to the Public Health Department of the Province of Torino where in ascribed to the Public Health Department of the Province of Torino where in the first eight months of 1997 9 million euro were spent for Epo alone. The the first eight months of 1997 9 million euro were spent for Epo alone. The Health Department denounces that at least half of the Epo and Gh that is Health Department denounces that at least half of the Epo and Gh that is produced and put on the market disappears on the black market of the produced and put on the market disappears on the black market of the sports milieu. sports milieu.

SSydneyydney,, January January 1999 1999From mid-June 1997 to mid-June 1998 the Australian frontier From mid-June 1997 to mid-June 1998 the Australian frontier police intercepted 571 dispatches of doping substances via the police intercepted 571 dispatches of doping substances via the Internet, mainly anabolic steroids. The phenomenon increases as Internet, mainly anabolic steroids. The phenomenon increases as the Olympic Games grow nearer and involves a number of the Olympic Games grow nearer and involves a number of countries who are preparing the supplies that their athletes will use countries who are preparing the supplies that their athletes will use during the Games. during the Games.

NNicosiaicosia, , JulyJuly 1999 19994.650.000 phials of erythropoietin are stolen in Cyprus.4.650.000 phials of erythropoietin are stolen in Cyprus.The local authorities believe that the theft was commissioned and The local authorities believe that the theft was commissioned and that the product will also be distributed in the black market of the that the product will also be distributed in the black market of the sports milieu. sports milieu.


Venezia,Venezia, February February 2000 2000Thirty kilos of doping substances, produced in Greece, are seized by the Thirty kilos of doping substances, produced in Greece, are seized by the Financial Police in Venezia; they are mostly phials and pills of anabolic Financial Police in Venezia; they are mostly phials and pills of anabolic steroids container in boxes hidden in the false bottom of a truck steroids container in boxes hidden in the false bottom of a truck transporting candied fruit to Holland and Germany. The policemen transporting candied fruit to Holland and Germany. The policemen notified the investigators of the other European countries. notified the investigators of the other European countries.

MMilanoilano, , May May 20002000Three persons are arrested, two Italians and an Englishman, for they are Three persons are arrested, two Italians and an Englishman, for they are accused of peddling drugs and doping substances (including accused of peddling drugs and doping substances (including erythropoietin); they are found to be important figures of the criminal erythropoietin); they are found to be important figures of the criminal organizations operating in Lombardia. organizations operating in Lombardia.

Malaga, June 2000Malaga, June 2000Thomas Geore, coach of the élite swimmer Nina Jivanevskaja, is Thomas Geore, coach of the élite swimmer Nina Jivanevskaja, is arrested together with other three persons and accused of drug arrested together with other three persons and accused of drug peddling. peddling.

PPalermoalermo, , JulyJuly 2000 2000After many months of investigation the Financial Police, discover a After many months of investigation the Financial Police, discover a widespread racket, involving a number of Italian regions, of widespread racket, involving a number of Italian regions, of erythropoietin, growth hormone and anabolic steroids for veterinary erythropoietin, growth hormone and anabolic steroids for veterinary use. use.

CarraraCarrara, , JulyJuly 2000 2000Two police officers and a male nurse of the hospital of Carrara are Two police officers and a male nurse of the hospital of Carrara are arrested by the National Anti-mafia Directorate, and accused of arrested by the National Anti-mafia Directorate, and accused of “involvement in the sale of erythropoietin and other drugs to “involvement in the sale of erythropoietin and other drugs to professional and amateur athletes without prescription”. professional and amateur athletes without prescription”.

SydneySydney, , July 2000July 2000About 1000 phials containing erythopoietin are stolen from the hospital About 1000 phials containing erythopoietin are stolen from the hospital of Alice Springs; the commercial value, on the black market, amounts to of Alice Springs; the commercial value, on the black market, amounts to various million dollars; according to the police “the phials were probably various million dollars; according to the police “the phials were probably sent to Sydney”. sent to Sydney”.

RomaRoma, , October 2000October 2000A gigantic fraud against the National Health Service, amounting to A gigantic fraud against the National Health Service, amounting to various billion Italian lire is discovered; it involved false prescriptions for various billion Italian lire is discovered; it involved false prescriptions for anabolic steroids, erythropoietin and growth hormone. anabolic steroids, erythropoietin and growth hormone.

BolognaBologna,, December December 20002000The General Attorney’s Office concludes a widespread The General Attorney’s Office concludes a widespread investigation, carried out over the whole national territory, on investigation, carried out over the whole national territory, on the illicit traffic of doping substances; 200 search warrants are the illicit traffic of doping substances; 200 search warrants are executed; 41 persons are arrested and an enormous quantity of executed; 41 persons are arrested and an enormous quantity of doping substances are seized. Various European and non-doping substances are seized. Various European and non-European countries are involved. European countries are involved.


Roma, FebruaryRoma, February 20012001The UN’s International Narcotics Control Council observes that during The UN’s International Narcotics Control Council observes that during the year 2000 there has been an excessive use of drugs under medical the year 2000 there has been an excessive use of drugs under medical prescription. The Report mentions “a medicalization of social issues” prescription. The Report mentions “a medicalization of social issues” and indicates that, especially in the USA, there has been a great and indicates that, especially in the USA, there has been a great increase in the prescription of psychoactive drugs for children under the increase in the prescription of psychoactive drugs for children under the age of six years. age of six years.

MarchMarch 20012001Two hundred thousand customers of German gymnasiums and fitness Two hundred thousand customers of German gymnasiums and fitness centres make habitual use of anabolic steroids. This is the result of a centres make habitual use of anabolic steroids. This is the result of a survey carried out by the Department of Medicine of the University of survey carried out by the Department of Medicine of the University of Lubeck and presented to the sports commission of the Bundestag. Lubeck and presented to the sports commission of the Bundestag.

NapoliNapoli,, May May 200 2001181 warrants are issued in 10 Italian provinces for criminal association, 81 warrants are issued in 10 Italian provinces for criminal association, receiving stolen goods, corruption, false material and fraud against the receiving stolen goods, corruption, false material and fraud against the National Health Service for recycling stolen drugs. A police officer is National Health Service for recycling stolen drugs. A police officer is among the persons arrested and is accused of buying anabolic steroids among the persons arrested and is accused of buying anabolic steroids from the criminal organization and then selling them to athletes and from the criminal organization and then selling them to athletes and gymnasiums. gymnasiums.

NapoliNapoli, , July July 20020011A colonel and two petty officers of the Carabinieri are arrested together A colonel and two petty officers of the Carabinieri are arrested together with over 10 members of criminal organizations and are accused of with over 10 members of criminal organizations and are accused of cigarette smuggling and peddling of anabolic steroids. The Attorney’s cigarette smuggling and peddling of anabolic steroids. The Attorney’s Office mentions “a deviant intelligence service capable of interfering with Office mentions “a deviant intelligence service capable of interfering with the regular democratic life of the country” and parallel investigations the regular democratic life of the country” and parallel investigations involving filing of members of the country’s institutions. involving filing of members of the country’s institutions.


July 2001July 2001The French magazine “Santé et Travail” publishes the The French magazine “Santé et Travail” publishes the results of a wide survey showing that 20% of the results of a wide survey showing that 20% of the workers use amphetamines, hoping to counter the workers use amphetamines, hoping to counter the effects of daily stress, while the use of cocaine is effects of daily stress, while the use of cocaine is increasing among executives and managers. increasing among executives and managers.

Torino, August Torino, August 200 20011The Attorney’s Office in Torino opens an investigation The Attorney’s Office in Torino opens an investigation on 72 companies producers of dietary supplements on 72 companies producers of dietary supplements that contain substances having a doping effect. The that contain substances having a doping effect. The FBI has identified about 10 Italian chemists among the FBI has identified about 10 Italian chemists among the buyers. buyers.

TorinoTorino, , NovemberNovember 200 20011An epidemiological survey carried out by the An epidemiological survey carried out by the Attorney’s Office in Torino on a sample of about 6.000 Attorney’s Office in Torino on a sample of about 6.000 cyclists active between 1975 and 1995 shows over cyclists active between 1975 and 1995 shows over 100 cases of death caused by lymphocitic sarcoma. 100 cases of death caused by lymphocitic sarcoma. Also the number of deaths caused by melanoma and Also the number of deaths caused by melanoma and liver cancer are above average. liver cancer are above average.

January 2002January 2002Phoenix Police authorities in Arizona suspect there is a direct connection Phoenix Police authorities in Arizona suspect there is a direct connection between a gigantic traffic of growth hormone - 6.000 phials of Saizen between a gigantic traffic of growth hormone - 6.000 phials of Saizen worth various million dollars – and the forthcoming Winter Olympics in worth various million dollars – and the forthcoming Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City. Criminal organizations are involved and a police informer Salt Lake City. Criminal organizations are involved and a police informer is killed while he was speaking over the telephone to a police officer. is killed while he was speaking over the telephone to a police officer.

March 2002March 2002The IOC publishes the results of tests carried out on 634 non-hormone The IOC publishes the results of tests carried out on 634 non-hormone dietary supplements; 94 (14,8%) are shown to be contaminated by dietary supplements; 94 (14,8%) are shown to be contaminated by anabolic steroids: 23 contain precursors of nandrolone and testosterone; anabolic steroids: 23 contain precursors of nandrolone and testosterone; 64 contain testosterone and 7 contain nandrolone. 64 contain testosterone and 7 contain nandrolone.

UdineUdine,, April April 20022002The General Attorney’s office concludes an enquiry involving a The General Attorney’s office concludes an enquiry involving a large number of gymnasiums in northern Italy and discovers a large number of gymnasiums in northern Italy and discovers a racket of anabolic steroids and growth hormone produced in racket of anabolic steroids and growth hormone produced in various European and non-European countries. Over a 100 various European and non-European countries. Over a 100 persons are under investigation. There is a close connection with persons are under investigation. There is a close connection with the criminal enquiry in Bologna. the criminal enquiry in Bologna.

Rovereto, MayRovereto, May 20022002The Carabinieri carry out investigations in 5 Italian The Carabinieri carry out investigations in 5 Italian regions for peddling of anabolic steroids. regions for peddling of anabolic steroids.

Brescia, MayBrescia, May 20022002The Attorney’s office in Brescia arrests 3 professional cyclists accused of The Attorney’s office in Brescia arrests 3 professional cyclists accused of peddling doping substances. Two deposits, used for storing significant peddling doping substances. Two deposits, used for storing significant amounts of anabolic steroids, growth hormone and erythropoietin, are amounts of anabolic steroids, growth hormone and erythropoietin, are discovered. The cyclists indicated as supplier a former Neapolitan police discovered. The cyclists indicated as supplier a former Neapolitan police officer, Armando Marzano, already involved in another enquiry on illegal officer, Armando Marzano, already involved in another enquiry on illegal traffic of doping substances, theft in pharmaceutical deposits and in the traffic of doping substances, theft in pharmaceutical deposits and in the chemist shops of various hospitals. chemist shops of various hospitals.

NapoliNapoli,, May May 200 2002216 persons are arrested for a widespread racket of doping substances 16 persons are arrested for a widespread racket of doping substances sold to athletes and customers of gymnasiums. The Neapolitan sold to athletes and customers of gymnasiums. The Neapolitan camorra is involved. 30 persons are under investigation. The drugs camorra is involved. 30 persons are under investigation. The drugs came from burglaries and thefts in the following pharmaceutical came from burglaries and thefts in the following pharmaceutical deposits. deposits. Aprilia, Recanati, San Donato Milanese, Casalnuovo, Aprilia, Recanati, San Donato Milanese, Casalnuovo, Mugnano, Greggio, Sabaudia, Paternò, Monterotondo e Chiazzo. Mugnano, Greggio, Sabaudia, Paternò, Monterotondo e Chiazzo. 5 5 chemist shops are closed by order of the magistrates and 8 chemists chemist shops are closed by order of the magistrates and 8 chemists arrested. arrested.

AostaAosta, , June June 20020022A trial for illicit traffic of anabolic steroids (involving the A trial for illicit traffic of anabolic steroids (involving the seizure of 170.000 doses) sold to sports centres and seizure of 170.000 doses) sold to sports centres and gymnasiums is concluded. 10 persons had been gymnasiums is concluded. 10 persons had been arrested. arrested.

June 2002June 2002Viviane Reding European Commissioner for sports makes public the Viviane Reding European Commissioner for sports makes public the results of a survey, carried out in 4 European countriesresults of a survey, carried out in 4 European countries (Italy, Germany, (Italy, Germany, Belgium and Portugal)Belgium and Portugal), on the use of anabolic steroids among the , on the use of anabolic steroids among the customers of gymnasiums. According to the European Union, 23.000 customers of gymnasiums. According to the European Union, 23.000 gymnasiums are attended by about 16.000.000 practitioners 4,6% of gymnasiums are attended by about 16.000.000 practitioners 4,6% of which use doping substances.which use doping substances.

0

50

100

150

200

250

n°1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

* Up to October 31st

ILLEGAL COMMERCEILLEGAL COMMERCEAND SEIZURE OF DOPING SUBSTANCESAND SEIZURE OF DOPING SUBSTANCES IN ITALYIN ITALY










potentialpotential

OFFICIAL SALE OF EPO IN ITALYOFFICIAL SALE OF EPO IN ITALY

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

Euro(Millions)

1997 1998 1999 2000

SALE OF DRUGS HAVINGSALE OF DRUGS HAVINGA DOPING POTENTIALA DOPING POTENTIAL

OFFICIAL SALE OF GH IN ITALYOFFICIAL SALE OF GH IN ITALY

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Euro(Millions)

1997 1998 1999 2000











potentialpotential

Percentage of subjects declaring creatine supplementation and doping as a function of gender

Senior High Schools (14/19-year-old)

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

Creatine Doping substances

Co

nsu

mer

s (%

)

Males

Females

RESULTS OF SURVEYS ON AWARENESS AND POSSIBLE ASSUMPTION OF DOPING SUBSTANCES

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

creatine/amino acids consumers

(% )11 year hold 12 year hold 13 year hold

Age

MalesFemales

Percentage of subjects declaringcreatine/amino acids consumption as a function of gender and age

RESULTS OF SURVEYS ON AWARENESS AND POSSIBLE ASSUMPTION OF DOPING SUBSTANCES










potentialpotential

HIGH LEVEL ATHLETESHIGH LEVEL ATHLETES

MEDIUM LEVEL ATHLETESMEDIUM LEVEL ATHLETES

YOUTH ATHLETESYOUTH ATHLETES

AMATEUR ANDAMATEUR AND PRACTITIONERSPRACTITIONERS

RESULTS OF ANTI-DOPING URINE TESTSRESULTS OF ANTI-DOPING URINE TESTSRESULTS OF ANTI-DOPING URINE TESTSRESULTS OF ANTI-DOPING URINE TESTSOnly high level athletesOnly high level athletes

(0,1-0,2% of the total)(0,1-0,2% of the total)are testedare tested

Only high level athletesOnly high level athletes(0,1-0,2% of the total)(0,1-0,2% of the total)

are testedare tested

Very low percentage Very low percentage (1-2%)(1-2%)

of positive casesof positive cases

Very low percentage Very low percentage (1-2%)(1-2%)

of positive casesof positive cases

What do we know What do we know about the “others”about the “others”

99,9%?99,9%?


99,9%?99,9%?



99,9%?99,9%?


99,9%?99,9%?

BolognaBologna,, December December 20002000The General Attorney’s Office The General Attorney’s Office concludes a widespread concludes a widespread investigation, carried out over the investigation, carried out over the whole national territory, on the illicit whole national territory, on the illicit traffic of doping substances; 200 traffic of doping substances; 200 search warrants are executed; 41 search warrants are executed; 41 persons are arrested and an persons are arrested and an enormous quantity of doping enormous quantity of doping substances are seized. Various substances are seized. Various European and non-European European and non-European countries are involved. countries are involved.


CRIMINAL INVESTIGATIONOF BOLOGNACRIMINAL INVESTIGATIONOF BOLOGNA

The Bologna investigation, carried out by Giovanni Spinosa, lead to wire-tapping of wholesale dealers of doping substances, which in turn lead to the discovery of a network of peddlers who sold these substances to gymnasiums. The result of 18 months of investigation was impressive; it traced the illegal circuit of doping substances

Each one of these investigations underlined that behind the brazen lights of doping among high level athletes, there are innumerable daily tragedies that occur in the dark and are ignored by all, involving hundreds of thousands of amateur athletes and unknown body builders. I doubt that this happens only in Italy!

Similar investigations, although not quite as extensive were carried out by the Prosecutors of many other Italian cities.

A client calls the dealer to order anabolic steroids and to ask his advice about type and dosageA client calls the dealer to order anabolic steroids and to ask his advice about type and dosage..

LISTEN… THIS WEEK… I’LL START ON THE VIS LISTEN… THIS WEEK… I’LL START ON THE VIS ((he means Testovishe means Testovis)… HOW MUCH SHOULD I USE )… HOW MUCH SHOULD I USE A WEEK?A WEEK?

EH… TWOEH… TWO

CLIENTCLIENT DEALERDEALER

TWO BOXES… FOUR HUNDRED MILLIGRAMS. TWO BOXES… FOUR HUNDRED MILLIGRAMS. ONLY? ONLY?

THEN TAKE THREE … THEN TAKE THREE …

I KNOW BUT HOW CAN YOU DO IT…I KNOW BUT HOW CAN YOU DO IT…THEY’RE SO BIG!THEY’RE SO BIG!

ONLY? ONLY?

WHEN I TOOK VIRON (WHEN I TOOK VIRON (he means Testovironhe means Testoviron) I USED ) I USED TO TAKE FOUR A WEEK, YOU KNOW THAT EH?TO TAKE FOUR A WEEK, YOU KNOW THAT EH?

EH…TAKE SIX … OTHERWISE YOU’LL GO MAD, EH…TAKE SIX … OTHERWISE YOU’LL GO MAD, THEY ARE TWO CENTILITRES EACH, EH!THEY ARE TWO CENTILITRES EACH, EH!

SO THEY ARE SO THEY ARE

MONDAYS, WEDNESDAYS AND THURSDAYS… MONDAYS, WEDNESDAYS AND THURSDAYS… AND ON WHICH DAYS ( AND ON WHICH DAYS ( of the weekof the week)? )?

YES, ON THE OTHER THREE DAYS . TUESDAYS YES, ON THE OTHER THREE DAYS . TUESDAYS – THURSDAYS AND SATURDAYS … YOU MIGHT – THURSDAYS AND SATURDAYS … YOU MIGHT EVEN DO …ON SUNDAYS …EVEN DO …ON SUNDAYS …

ALL RIGHT… WHAT ABOUT W (ALL RIGHT… WHAT ABOUT W (he means he means WinstrolWinstrol) … STILL THREE? ) … STILL THREE?

CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION OF BOLOGNA: PHONE INTERCEPTIONSCRIMINAL INVESTIGATION OF BOLOGNA: PHONE INTERCEPTIONS


The client calls the dealer because he has some doubts about the substances he’s bought The client calls the dealer because he has some doubts about the substances he’s bought (anabolic steroids)(anabolic steroids)

HI, … HI, … LISTEN…LISTEN… I WANTED TO TELL YOU I WANTED TO TELL YOU SOMETHINGSOMETHING

TELL METELL MECLIENTCLIENT DEALERDEALER

IT’S ABOUT THAT DIET YOU PREPAREDIT’S ABOUT THAT DIET YOU PREPAREDFOR ME … FOR ME …

YES?YES?

YES, OF COURSE,YES, OF COURSE, THAT’S WHY IT’S THAT’S WHY IT’S EVEN BETTER THAN THE OTHER ONE!EVEN BETTER THAN THE OTHER ONE!

WELL … BUT… IT’S …WELL … BUT… IT’S …IT’S FOR … FOR HORSES?IT’S FOR … FOR HORSES?

THE COMPOSITION IS THE SAME BUT THE COMPOSITION IS THE SAME BUT THE STUFF IS BETTER…THE STUFF IS BETTER…I KNOW, I KNOW, DON’T WORRY!I KNOW, I KNOW, DON’T WORRY!

HOW DO YOU MEAN HOW DO YOU MEAN ““BETTERBETTER””……HELLO?… HELLO?HELLO?… HELLO?

ABSOLUTELY SURE… DON’T WORRY. ABSOLUTELY SURE… DON’T WORRY. THESE PHIALS ARE BETTER THAN THE THESE PHIALS ARE BETTER THAN THE OTHER ONES!OTHER ONES!

ARE YOU SURE?ARE YOU SURE?

… … BYE BYE, BYE BYE, MY GIRL FRIENDMY GIRL FRIENDIS COMING!IS COMING!


A man, boxing coach, who uses and peddles anabolic steroids and drugs, calls the dealer.A man, boxing coach, who uses and peddles anabolic steroids and drugs, calls the dealer.

LISTEN, LISTEN, I NEED A KILO OF PROI NEED A KILO OF PRO((he means Procaine, a substance notoriously he means Procaine, a substance notoriously used to “cut” cocaineused to “cut” cocaine))

GIVE ME TWO DAYS , YOU KNOW GIVE ME TWO DAYS , YOU KNOW WHOM I HAVE TO CONTACT WHOM I HAVE TO CONTACT

GET ME ALSO GET ME ALSO 40 BOXES OF SAIZEN40 BOXES OF SAIZEN I’LL MAKE YOU A GOOD PRICEI’LL MAKE YOU A GOOD PRICE

D E A

L E RD

E A L E R

CLI

ENT

- DEA

LER

CLI

ENT

- DEA

LER



I HAVEN’T FOUND ANY,I HAVEN’T FOUND ANY,I CAN’T FIND IT! I CAN’T FIND IT!

LET ME KNOW … I’LL SEE LET ME KNOW … I’LL SEE WHAT I CAN DO WHAT I CAN DO

A dealer who is also addicted to anabolic steroids and other hormones calls his supplier to order A dealer who is also addicted to anabolic steroids and other hormones calls his supplier to order some products and tells him of his sexual problems: from the dialogue we desume he is some products and tells him of his sexual problems: from the dialogue we desume he is impotent. impotent.

DAMN, I WANTED TO DO SOMETHING TONIGHT... DAMN, I WANTED TO DO SOMETHING TONIGHT...

UHM… UHM… I NEED SOME I NEED SOME HALOTESTINHALOTESTIN AND AND MAKE MAKE SURE YOU FIND WHAT I NEED FOR MY SURE YOU FIND WHAT I NEED FOR MY DEAD DEAD GOOSEGOOSE ( (he’s referring to the fact that he’s impotenthe’s referring to the fact that he’s impotent). ). LAST NIGHT IT HAPPENED AGAIN, I WAS SO LAST NIGHT IT HAPPENED AGAIN, I WAS SO ASHAMED, I DID THE BEST I COULD.ASHAMED, I DID THE BEST I COULD.

D E A

L E RD

E A L E R

CLI

ENT

- DEA

LER

CLI

ENT

- DEA

LER



A dealer calls his supplier and orders hormones for an athlete who is preparing a very important A dealer calls his supplier and orders hormones for an athlete who is preparing a very important competition competition

I URGENTLY NEED 40 GH PHIALSI URGENTLY NEED 40 GH PHIALS WHICH DO YOU WANT?WHICH DO YOU WANT?

I NEED GOOD STUFF FOR ONE WHO IS I NEED GOOD STUFF FOR ONE WHO IS PREPARING FOR THE COMPETITION…PREPARING FOR THE COMPETITION…

THEN THEN HHUMATOTROPE UMATOTROPE IS BETTER IS BETTER

HE NEEDS TO GET STRONGER BUT WITHOUT HE NEEDS TO GET STRONGER BUT WITHOUT BECOMING LARGER BECOMING LARGER

I UNDERSTAND, IS IT THE SAME I UNDERSTAND, IS IT THE SAME ATHLETE ATHLETE WHO TOOK EPO? WHO TOOK EPO?

WH

OLESA

LE DEA

LERW

HO

LESALE D

EALER

D E

A L

E R

D E

A L

E R

NO…I MEAN ALSONO…I MEAN ALSOBUT NOW HE NEEDS GHBUT NOW HE NEEDS GH



This telephone conversation between the dealer and the wholesale dealer shows that these This telephone conversation between the dealer and the wholesale dealer shows that these people have an extremely superficial knowledge as to the real content and effect of the people have an extremely superficial knowledge as to the real content and effect of the substances they are dealing with.substances they are dealing with.

DEALERDEALER WHOLESALE DEALERWHOLESALE DEALER

THEN SEND ME…THE POLISH ONE… WHAT’S THE THEN SEND ME…THE POLISH ONE… WHAT’S THE DOSAGE 5 mg? DOSAGE 5 mg?

YESYES

YES…YES… YES…YES… OTHERWISE I HAVE THE EGYPTIAN OTHERWISE I HAVE THE EGYPTIAN ONE… ONE…

WHAT ABOUT SUSTANON YOU HAVE THAT? WHAT ABOUT SUSTANON YOU HAVE THAT?

EGYPTIAN, EH? WHAT’S IT LIKE? EGYPTIAN, EH? WHAT’S IT LIKE? GOOD…GOOD… WITHWITH THE LABEL… IT HAS THE RIGHT THE LABEL… IT HAS THE RIGHT LABEL! LABEL!

IT HAS SUSTANON WRITTEN ON IT? IT HAS SUSTANON WRITTEN ON IT? YES, …YES, … IT’S REALLY ORIGINALIT’S REALLY ORIGINAL!!

I UNDERSTAND… IT’S GOOD THEN…? I UNDERSTAND… IT’S GOOD THEN…? SURE SURE IT’S GOOD… ABSOLUTELY SURE IT’S SURE SURE IT’S GOOD… ABSOLUTELY SURE IT’S JUST ARRIVED JUST ARRIVED

O.K. … SEND ME … FORTY… AND A HUNDRED OF… O.K. … SEND ME … FORTY… AND A HUNDRED OF… EFRIDENEEFRIDENE

UM I DIDN’T CATCH THAT UM I DIDN’T CATCH THAT

EFRIDENEEFRIDENE … WHAT’S THE NAME? … WHAT’S THE NAME? EPHEDRINE EPHEDRINE !!AH EPHEDRINE SORRY… EPHEDRINE AH EPHEDRINE SORRY… EPHEDRINE UH … WHAT DOSAGE? … 100? UH … WHAT DOSAGE? … 100?

IT’S TOO STRONG DO YOU THINK? IT’S TOO STRONG DO YOU THINK? IT’S MEANT FOR TRAINING? IT’S MEANT FOR TRAINING? YES BUT… HERE… EVEN THE BOUNCERS AT THE YES BUT… HERE… EVEN THE BOUNCERS AT THE DISCOS TAKE IT DISCOS TAKE IT

THEN 200 WOULD BE BETTER… THEY’LL FEEL IT THEN 200 WOULD BE BETTER… THEY’LL FEEL IT MORE MORE

YOU PLACE IT UNDER THE TONGUE, RIGHT? YOU PLACE IT UNDER THE TONGUE, RIGHT? NO NO… NO NO… YOU JUST TAKE THE CAPSULE… AND YOU JUST TAKE THE CAPSULE… AND SWALLOW IT… IN TEN MINUTES YOU… GET LIKE A SWALLOW IT… IN TEN MINUTES YOU… GET LIKE A PUNCH… CAREFUL THEY DON’T KILL ANYBODY! PUNCH… CAREFUL THEY DON’T KILL ANYBODY!


NUMBER OF GYMNASIUMS NUMBER OF GYMNASIUMS

INVOLVEDINVOLVED

IN THE INVESTIGATIONIN THE INVESTIGATION

THE COMMERCIAL VALUETHE COMMERCIAL VALUE

AMOUNT TOAMOUNT TO

5 MILLION OF EURO5 MILLION OF EURO

THE COMMERCIAL VALUETHE COMMERCIAL VALUE

AMOUNT TOAMOUNT TO

5 MILLION OF EURO5 MILLION OF EURO



AmphetamineAnadrolAnapolonAnasteronAndriolBoldenoneBoldoneC25?CaffeineCaverjetEsicleneCipionatoCipionato Gold lineClenbuteroloClobenzorex + EphedrineClomidConfidolDeca-durabolin 200Deca-durabolin 2000Deca-durabolin OrganonDeca-durabolin MultidoseDepotestDheaDianabolDrolban

DynabolonEphedrineEphedrine + CaffeineEphedrine + Clobenzorex + CaffeineEpargriseovitEquipoiseEritrogenErythropoietinEutiroxFinajetGanabolSaizenGenotropinHumatropeGloburenGonasi HPHalotestinIGFInsulinaKryptocurLasixMasteronMethandrostenoloneModureticNandrolone

Nandrolone CipionatoNandrolone DecanoateNandrolone Decanoate - NormaNandrolone Decanoate 2000Nandrolone Decanoate - OrganonNaposimNeotonNolvadexNonstasusNortestosteroneOmnadrenOxandroloneOximetandrostenoloneOximetoloneParabolanPercutacrinePleginePrimobolanPrimobolan AcetatePrimobolan DepotPrimobolan SProcainaProfasi HP 500Profasi HP 1000Profasi HP 2500

Profasi HP 5000ProgynonProvironRestandolRWR DriveSynachtenSpectriolSpiropentSustanonSyntholT3T4TestexTestoTesto-EnantTestonTestosteroneTestovironTestoviron DepotTestovisThiomucaseTriacanaViagraWinstrolWinstrol DepotWinstrol Multidose

DOPING SUBSTANCES SEIZEDDOPING SUBSTANCES SEIZEDDOPING SUBSTANCES SEIZEDDOPING SUBSTANCES SEIZED



PEOPLE INVOLVED IN THE INVESTIGATIONPEOPLE INVOLVED IN THE INVESTIGATIONPEOPLE INVOLVED IN THE INVESTIGATIONPEOPLE INVOLVED IN THE INVESTIGATION

DEALERS: 287DEALERS: 287DEALERS: 287DEALERS: 287

OTHER COACHES (VARIOUS SPORTS)OTHER COACHES (VARIOUS SPORTS)

PROSTITUTESPROSTITUTES

BOUNCERS AT THE DISCOSBOUNCERS AT THE DISCOS

PEOPLE WITH CRIMINAL RECORDSPEOPLE WITH CRIMINAL RECORDS

PRODUCERS OF FOOD SUPPLEMENTSPRODUCERS OF FOOD SUPPLEMENTS

CHEMISTSCHEMISTS

MALE NURSES IN THE HOSPITALSMALE NURSES IN THE HOSPITALS

POLICEMENPOLICEMEN

ATHLETES (VARIOUS SPORTS)ATHLETES (VARIOUS SPORTS)

UNIVERSITY STUDENTSUNIVERSITY STUDENTS

MANAGERS AND COACHES OF GYMNASIUMSMANAGERS AND COACHES OF GYMNASIUMS

FASHION DESIGNERFASHION DESIGNERFASHION DESIGNERFASHION DESIGNER

ARE ALSO INVOLVEDARE ALSO INVOLVEDARE ALSO INVOLVEDARE ALSO INVOLVED

TOWN COUNCILLORTOWN COUNCILLORTOWN COUNCILLORTOWN COUNCILLOR

BANK MANAGERBANK MANAGERBANK MANAGERBANK MANAGER

INDUSTRIAL MANAGERSINDUSTRIAL MANAGERSINDUSTRIAL MANAGERSINDUSTRIAL MANAGERS

ELECTRONIC ENGINEERELECTRONIC ENGINEERELECTRONIC ENGINEERELECTRONIC ENGINEER

DENTAL TECHNICIANDENTAL TECHNICIANDENTAL TECHNICIANDENTAL TECHNICIAN


CRIMINAL INVESTIGATIONOF BOLOGNA

CRIMINAL INVESTIGATIONOF BOLOGNA

BODY BUILDERSBODY BUILDERSDEADDEAD

BODY BUILDERSBODY BUILDERSDEADDEAD

L.G. 27 YEARSL.G. 27 YEARSL.G. 27 YEARSL.G. 27 YEARS

A.D. 36 YEARSA.D. 36 YEARSA.D. 36 YEARSA.D. 36 YEARS

R.S. 28 YEARSR.S. 28 YEARSR.S. 28 YEARSR.S. 28 YEARS

B.A. 25 YEARSB.A. 25 YEARSB.A. 25 YEARSB.A. 25 YEARSL.U. 32 YEARSL.U. 32 YEARSL.U. 32 YEARSL.U. 32 YEARS

S.V. 30 YEARSS.V. 30 YEARSS.V. 30 YEARSS.V. 30 YEARS

PEOPLE INVOLVED IN THE INVESTIGATIONPEOPLE INVOLVED IN THE INVESTIGATIONPEOPLE INVOLVED IN THE INVESTIGATIONPEOPLE INVOLVED IN THE INVESTIGATION

DEALERS:287DEALERS:287

CLIENTS: TEN OF THOUSANDSCLIENTS: TEN OF THOUSANDS

AGE: MEN 29,5 ± 8,3WOMEN 32,1 ± 9,1

AGE: MEN 29,5 ± 8,3WOMEN 32,1 ± 9,1

AGE:AGE: 32,9 ± 7,232,9 ± 7,2AGE:AGE: 32,9 ± 7,232,9 ± 7,2


CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION OF BOLOGNACRIMINAL INVESTIGATION OF BOLOGNA

UNAUTHORISEDUNAUTHORISED SUPPLIERSSUPPLIERS

SteroidsSteroids – – TestosteroneTestosterone

GH – Epo GH – Epo ((black marketblack market))

StimStimulantsulantsGH – Epo GH – Epo ((burglaries in hospitalsburglaries in hospitals))

Antiestrogen – Viagra – Hepato protective …Antiestrogen – Viagra – Hepato protective …

WHOLESALE WHOLESALE DEALERDEALER

SteroidsSteroids 94009400

TestosteroneTestosterone23702370

GGonadotropinonadotropin 500500

ErythropoietinErythropoietin 600600

Growth hormoneGrowth hormone 200200

StimulantsStimulants20002000

Example of a weekly purchase Example of a weekly purchase (number of doses)(number of doses)

PEDDLERSPEDDLERS “B” “B”

PEDDLERSPEDDLERS “A” “A”GymnasiumGymnasium “y” “y”

GymnasiumGymnasium “x” “x”

Club “A”Club “A”

Club “B”Club “B”Individual clientIndividual client

GYMNASIUMGYMNASIUM 1 1

PEDDLERSPEDDLERS “C” “C”

PEDDLERSPEDDLERS “D” “D”

PEDDLERSPEDDLERS “E” “E”

PEDDLERSPEDDLERS “F” “F”






A SCHEME A SCHEME OF THE ILLEGAL COMMERCEOF THE ILLEGAL COMMERCE

+++++=

DOSDOSESES 1507015070


ARGENTINAARGENTINAAUSTRALIAAUSTRALIAEGYPTEGYPTFRANCEFRANCEHOLLANDHOLLANDGERMANYGERMANYGREECEGREECEITALYITALYPORTUGALPORTUGALREP. OF CEC.REP. OF CEC.RUMANIARUMANIARUSSIARUSSIASPAINSPAINTURKEYTURKEYUSAUSA

ARGENTINAARGENTINAAUSTRALIAAUSTRALIAEGYPTEGYPTFRANCEFRANCEHOLLANDHOLLANDGERMANYGERMANYGREECEGREECEITALYITALYPORTUGALPORTUGALREP. OF CEC.REP. OF CEC.RUMANIARUMANIARUSSIARUSSIASPAINSPAINTURKEYTURKEYUSAUSA

EEUROPEANUROPEAN AND AND NON-NON-EEUROPEANUROPEANCOUNTRIESCOUNTRIES INVOLVEDINVOLVED



Belgium, 23 July 2002Belgium, 23 July 2002Belgian Police have seized 550 Kilograms Belgian Police have seized 550 Kilograms of illegal anabolic steroids. The haul was of illegal anabolic steroids. The haul was discovered in three searches near the discovered in three searches near the border with the Netherlands. The drugs, border with the Netherlands. The drugs, were destined to be sold in six different were destined to be sold in six different countries (two of them are mediterranean countries (two of them are mediterranean countries).countries).

GREAT BRITAINGREAT BRITAIN

? ? ?

?

?

?

2 Mediterranean2 Mediterraneancountries:countries:

Italy?Italy?France?France?Spain?Spain?

Greece?Greece?

THE BIGGEST SINGLE SEIZURE OF THE DRUG THE BIGGEST SINGLE SEIZURE OF THE DRUG IN WESTERN EUROPEIN WESTERN EUROPE

WORTH 137,5m EuroWORTH 137,5m Euro

CAUSES OF THE DIFFUSION OF DOPINGCAUSES OF THE DIFFUSION OF DOPING

WITHINWITHINWITHINWITHIN

OUTSIDEOUTSIDEOUTSIDEOUTSIDE

WORLDWORLDWORLDWORLDTHETHETHETHEOF OF SPORTSPORTSSOF OF SPORTSPORTSS



HIGH LEVELHIGH LEVEL AMATEURSAMATEURSCAUSES OF THE DIFFUSION

OF DOPING WITHINTHE WORLD OF SPORTS

CAUSES OF THE DIFFUSION OF DOPING WITHIN

THE WORLD OF SPORTS

CRISIS OF SPORTS ETHICSCRISIS OF SPORTS ETHICS

TENDENCY OF PRACTITIONERS TENDENCY OF PRACTITIONERS TO EMULATE ELITE ATHLETESTO EMULATE ELITE ATHLETES

DISTORTION OF YOUTH SPORTSDISTORTION OF YOUTH SPORTS


HIGH LEVELHIGH LEVEL AMATEURSAMATEURSCAUSES OF THE DIFFUSION

OF DOPING OUTSIDETHE WORLD OF SPORTS

CAUSES OF THE DIFFUSION OF DOPING OUTSIDE

THE WORLD OF SPORTS

POLITICAL INTERESTSPOLITICAL INTERESTSOF THE COUNTRIESOF THE COUNTRIES

MEDICALIZATION OF SOCIETY MEDICALIZATION OF SOCIETY

COMMERCIAL INTERESTS OF COMMERCIAL INTERESTS OF PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANIES PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANIES

OTHER ECONOMICAL INTERESTSOTHER ECONOMICAL INTERESTS

POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS…POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS…POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS…POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS…

Which other Which other solusolutionstions are better suited are better suited to the control of doping among children, to the control of doping among children, youths and adults who practice a sports youths and adults who practice a sports activity and among those who exercise activity and among those who exercise in gymnasiums?in gymnasiums?

Which other Which other solusolutionstions are better suited are better suited to the control of doping among children, to the control of doping among children, youths and adults who practice a sports youths and adults who practice a sports activity and among those who exercise activity and among those who exercise in gymnasiums?in gymnasiums?

SOLUSOLUTIONSTIONS WITHINWITHINTHE WORLD OFTHE WORLD OF SPORT SPORTSS

SOLUSOLUTIONSTIONS OUTSIDEOUTSIDETHE WORLD OFTHE WORLD OF SPORT SPORTSS

SOLUSOLUTIONSTIONS OUTSIDEOUTSIDETHE WORLD OFTHE WORLD OF SPORT SPORTSS

Establish new models for the physical activity Establish new models for the physical activity and sports of children and youths.and sports of children and youths.

Train personnel specialized in the physical Train personnel specialized in the physical activity of the younger age groups.activity of the younger age groups.

Define the responsibilities of sports executives.Define the responsibilities of sports executives.

Establish a new role for the media.Establish a new role for the media.

Launch information and training campaigns organized by schools, sports institutions and local authorities (City Council, Provincial Government, Regional Government).

The national anti-doping law.

The World Anti-doping Agency (WADA).

Define the responsibilities of the national and international governing bodies.



Handbook for school teachers (contains analysis of the doping phenomenon, Handbook for school teachers (contains analysis of the doping phenomenon, medical, biological and psycho-pedagogical aspects, innovative models for medical, biological and psycho-pedagogical aspects, innovative models for sports and exercise in the younger age groups) sports and exercise in the younger age groups)

Handbook for school teachers (contains analysis of the doping phenomenon, Handbook for school teachers (contains analysis of the doping phenomenon, medical, biological and psycho-pedagogical aspects, innovative models for medical, biological and psycho-pedagogical aspects, innovative models for sports and exercise in the younger age groups) sports and exercise in the younger age groups)

Video on medical, biological and pharmaceutical aspects Video on medical, biological and pharmaceutical aspects Video on medical, biological and pharmaceutical aspects Video on medical, biological and pharmaceutical aspects

Video on various models for sports and exercise in the Video on various models for sports and exercise in the younger age groups younger age groups Video on various models for sports and exercise in the Video on various models for sports and exercise in the younger age groups younger age groups

Educational handbook on food consumption Educational handbook on food consumption Educational handbook on food consumption Educational handbook on food consumption

Cd-Rom (contains all the above teaching material) Cd-Rom (contains all the above teaching material) Cd-Rom (contains all the above teaching material) Cd-Rom (contains all the above teaching material)

Questionnaire for the students Questionnaire for the students Questionnaire for the students Questionnaire for the students

Questionnaire for the teachers Questionnaire for the teachers Questionnaire for the teachers Questionnaire for the teachers

THE NATIONAL PROJECTTHE NATIONAL PROJECTOF THE ITALIAN MINISTRY OF EDUCATIONOF THE ITALIAN MINISTRY OF EDUCATION

Launched in 2001Launched in 2001

THE NATIONAL PROJECTTHE NATIONAL PROJECTOF THE ITALIAN MINISTRY OF EDUCATIONOF THE ITALIAN MINISTRY OF EDUCATION

Launched in 2001Launched in 2001

INTEGRATED MEASURES INTEGRATED MEASURES ON THE TERRITORY AIMED ON THE TERRITORY AIMED AT PREVENTING THE USE AT PREVENTING THE USE OF ILLEGAL AND DOPING OF ILLEGAL AND DOPING SUBSTANCESSUBSTANCES

TARGETTARGETPOPULATIONPOPULATION

TARGETTARGETPOPULATIONPOPULATION

End target (about 48.000):students aged between11 and 18 years

End target (about 48.000):students aged between11 and 18 years

Intermediate target (about 1500+ 80.000 parents):

Intermediate target (about 1500+ 80.000 parents):

• The family;

• Teachers in primary, secondary and high schools;

• Coaches and sports executives, trainers and gymnasium managers;

• Faculty members of Movement Science Departments in the universities;

• General practitioners, paediatricians sports physicians, executives of the national health system, chemists;

• The media.

DOPING IN ITALY:DOPING IN ITALY:THE INTERNATIONAL IMPACTTHE INTERNATIONAL IMPACT

CausesCauses

ProportionsProportions

Possible solutionsPossible solutions

THE SILENT DRAMA OF THE DIFFUSION THE SILENT DRAMA OF THE DIFFUSION AMONG AMATEURS AND PRACTITIONERSAMONG AMATEURS AND PRACTITIONERSTHE SILENT DRAMA OF THE DIFFUSION THE SILENT DRAMA OF THE DIFFUSION AMONG AMATEURS AND PRACTITIONERSAMONG AMATEURS AND PRACTITIONERS

Date post:	06-Jan-2016
Category:	Documents
Upload:	rendor
View:	44 times
Download:	4 times

DOPING IN ITALY…

Documents