Annexure - I Southeast University Department of Pharmacy Syllabus From January 2011, Spring semester It has been recognized that Pharmaceuticals and other industries in Bangladesh and abroad have the urgent need of potential technical professionals having key qualifications. Southeast University (SEU) has realized its potential capabilities to work in this area of human resource development and thus to contribute in building up a knowledge based society comprising of skilled work force for the industry which is essential for the country in this era of technology. To keep pace with the rapid technological advancement in the industrial sectors there is no alternative to establish a complete industrial QA/QC and other applications oriented laboratory based science education system to produce skilled professionals to meet the current demand. Hence, reforms in the course curriculum and introduction of a state-of-the-art instrumentation laboratory based education in the university are considered to be a must. To achieve the above goal the importance of close and consistent interactions between academic institutions, private and/or public organization, research laboratories and industries have been recognized and the course curriculum has been designed accordingly. Academic Programs The Department of Pharmacy is offering 160 Credit courses in four years at undergraduate level. After completion of required courses the department will offer a Bachelor of Pharmacy (B. Pharm) degree. The program will cover the area of Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pharmacology, Hospital & Clinical Pharmacy, Pharmacognosy, Physiology & Pathology, 1
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Annexure - ISoutheast University
Department of PharmacySyllabus
From January 2011, Spring semester
It has been recognized that Pharmaceuticals and other industries in Bangladesh and abroad have the urgent need of potential technical professionals having key qualifications. Southeast University (SEU) has realized its potential capabilities to work in this area of human resource development and thus to contribute in building up a knowledge based society comprising of skilled work force for the industry which is essential for the country in this era of technology.
To keep pace with the rapid technological advancement in the industrial sectors there is no alternative to establish a complete industrial QA/QC and other applications oriented laboratory based science education system to produce skilled professionals to meet the current demand. Hence, reforms in the course curriculum and introduction of a state-of-the-art instrumentation laboratory based education in the university are considered to be a must.
To achieve the above goal the importance of close and consistent interactions between academic institutions, private and/or public organization, research laboratories and industries have been recognized and the course curriculum has been designed accordingly.
Academic Programs
The Department of Pharmacy is offering 160 Credit courses in four years at undergraduate level. After completion of required courses the department will offer a Bachelor of Pharmacy (B. Pharm) degree. The program will cover the area of Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pharmacology, Hospital & Clinical Pharmacy, Pharmacognosy, Physiology & Pathology, Biotechnology & Bimolecular Pharmacy, Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science.
Objectives of B. Pharm (Hons.) Program
The main objectives of this curriculum are
To impart scientific and industrial knowledge on the identification, formulation, preparation, standardization, quality assurance (quality control) and uses of drugs & medicines and effective management of their distribution & sale.
To produce skilled manpower to manage the affairs of hospital pharmacies, pharmaceutical industries, community pharmacy services, drug administration and other organizations in drug research, marketing, sales and administration.
To encourage research on different fields of pharmacy so as to develop newer and conduct techniques of formulation, quality control and standardization of drugs.
To have an intense exposure to the industrial practices through a close and consistent attachment with the industries.
BPH 1011: Inorganic Pharmacy - I 3 Credits 1. Atomic structure: An elementary treatment of theories of atomic structure, origin of spectral lines and quantum numbers, Pauli's Exclusion principle and nature of atomic orbital.
2. Chemical bond: Different types of chemical bonds e.g., ionic, covalent, co-ordinate covalent, metallic, dipole, hydrogen, etc.
3. Bond theories: a) Valence bond theory and molecular orbital theory of covalent bonding, resonance, hybridization b) Co-ordination compounds and chelating agents (including structure and isomerism).
4. Classification of elements: The electronic structure of the atom and the modern periodic table and periodic law, variation of properties within the periods and groups, usefulness and limitations of the periodic table.
5. Preparation, purification and uses of some materials of pharmaceutical interests:a) Gaseous: Oxygen, ozone, hydrogen peroxide and anaesthetics (vapours) b) Liquids: Water, inorganic acids (hydrochloric acid, carbonic acid, phosphoric acid, sodium ascorbate and sodium citrate), alkalis (sodium hydroxides, aluminium hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide) c) Solids and composite solids: Activated charcoal, plaster of paris, electrolytes (sodium salts, potassium salts and glucose), antacids, haematinics (iron salts), some oxidizing agents and reducing agents (e. g. potassium permanganate), protectants and astringents (zinc salt and alum)
Qualitative analysis of elements and radicals: Na, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, C, O, S, Mg, Al, Cu and acid radicals, halides, citrates, CO3
-2, SO4-2, NO3
-, PO4-3 etc.
Recommended Books:1. Modern Inorganic Chemistry - S.Z. Haider2. Modern Inorganic Chemistry - Madan3. Inorganic Chemistry - Lee4. Bentley and Driver's Textbook of Pharmaceutical Chemistry5. Modern Inorganic Pharmaceutical Chemistry - Discher6. Textbook of Inorganic Pharmaceutical Chemistry - Rogers7. Inorganic Medicinal & Pharmaceutical Chemistry - Block & Wilson8. Basic Inorganic Chemistry – Cotton, Wilkinson and Gaus
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BPH 1013: Organic Pharmacy-I 3 Credits
1. Introduction: History of Organic Chemistry, classification of organic compounds and nomenclature.
2. Basic concepts of organic chemistry: Review of polar and nonpolar solutes and solubility, theory of ionization of acids, bases, carbonium ions, carbanions, hydride, protons, electrophiles, nucleophiles, free radicals, various types of reactions, e.g. ionic, free-radical, isomerism etc.
3. Synthesis, properties and reactions of some compounds of pharmaceutical and /or biological importance:
a) Hydrocarbons: Alkanes, alkenes, alkynes: alcohols, amines, ethers, epoxides, aldehydes, ketones, and related compounds.b) Aromatic compounds: Aromaticity, general chemistry of aromatic compounds, such as phenols, sulfonic acid, carboxylic acid, diazonium compounds.
4. Some important name reactions: Grignard reaction, Perkin reaction, Reformatsky reaction, Wittig reaction, Diels-Alder reaction, Kolbe reaction, Meerwin pondroff reaction and Clemenson reaction, Openauer oxidation, Perkin condensation, Reimer-Timann reaction, Vilsmeier-Haack reaction and Wolf-Kishner reduction.
5. Introduction to some common drugs: Preparation and Uses: Salicylic acid, aspirin, paracetamol, benzoic acid, benzylbenzoate, sulfa-drugs, PASA, PABA, isoniazid, halothane, enflurane, methoxyflurane, diethyl ether, chloroform, cycloform, cyclopropane, trichloroethane etc.
BPH 1014: Organic Pharmacy- I Sessional 1 Credit
1. Qualitative and elemental analysis of unknown organic compounds. 2. Solubility classification of unknown organic compounds. 3. Functional group analysis of: - Alcohol, Hydrocarbon, amines, etc.
1. Introduction to Physical Pharmacy: Scope and application of Physical Pharmacy in pharmaceutical sciences, units of measurement, chronological development of unit system, basic and derived units, multiples and sub-multiples of units, exceptions to basic unit.
2 Properties of matters: a) The gaseous state: Ideal gas laws and their derivation, Dalton’s law of partial pressure, kinetic theory of gases, liquefaction of gases
b) The liquid state: Vapor pressure of liquids, effect of temperature on vapor pressure, boiling point
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c) The solid state: Crystals, types of crystals and their preparation and applications in pharmacy, isomeric, polymorphic and amorphous substances and their applications in pharmacy, tests to identify the forms of colloids, types of colloids, properties of colloids, importance of colloids.
3. Chemical equilibrium: Law of mass action, heterogeneous & homogeneous equilibrium, ionic equilibrium and determination of equilibrium constants, the Le Chatelier principle.
4. Acids & Bases: Definition, proton theory and pH, ionization of water, acid – base titration.
5. Ionic equilibrium: Ionization of weak acids and bases, pH and its scale, Henderson equation, titration curves of acid and bases, buffer solution, buffers in biological systems, buffer capacity, isotonic, hypertonic and hypotonic systems, purpose and methods of adjustment of tonicity of solutions, dialysis, indicators and the mechanism of their color change.
6. Solution: Types & properties of solution, units of concentration, ideal & real solutions, Henry's law. Distribution of solids between two immiscible liquids, distribution law, partition coefficient & solvent extraction, colligative properties of dilute solutions, the process of dissolution, concentration expressions, distribution law and its limitations, solvent extraction, colligative properties including thermodynamic derivation.
BPH 1016: Physical Pharmacy - I Sessional 1 Credit
1. Preparation of solutions of different strength. 2. Preparation of solutions of different pH. 3. Preparation of buffer.4. Standardization of acids & bases. 5. Determination of pKa and pKb values. 6. Determination of titration curves of acids & bases. 7. Determination of molecular weight of substances by Victor Meyer's method. 8. Determination of distribution coefficients of oxalic acid and benzoic acid between ether
and water. 9. Determination of molecular mass of an unknown compound by observing colligative
properties.
Recommended Books1. Principle of Physical Chemistry - Haque & Nawab2. Physical Pharmacy-Martin3. Elements of Physical Chemistry - Lewis & Glasstone4. Physical Chemistry - Atkins5. Essentials of Physical Chemistry –B.S. Bahl , G. D. Tuli & Arun Bahl
BPH 1017: Biostatistics & Mathematics 3 Credits
1. Co-ordinate Geometry and the Straight Line: Co-ordinates, The length of a line segment, The mid-point of a line segment, Area of plane figures, The gradient of a line, Parallel and Perpendicular lines, Equation of a Straight line, Applications.
2. Graphs of Functions: Graphs of standard function, Continuous and discontinuous curves, asymptotes, Transformation of graphs, Sketching curves, Graphical solution of simultaneous
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equation. Arithmetic Progression & Geometric Progression, Permutation & Combination, the Binomial Theorem.3. Calculus: Limits and Differentiation, Successive and partial differentiation, Application of derivative (Tangent and Normal, Stationary points, maximum and minimum points, Sketching curves) Rules of integration-Integration as the limit of a sum, Area ‘under’ a curve, Volume of revolution, The Trapezium rule.
4. Introduction to statistics: Scope and application of statistics in pharmaceutical sciences.
5. Collection, tabulation and graphical representation of data.
6. Measures of central tendency: Arithmetic mean, geometric mean, harmonic mean, weighted mean, median and mode, this application in pharmacy.
7. Measures of dispersion: Range, mean deviation, standard deviation, variation, coefficient of variation, and their application in pharmaceutical preparation.
8. Probability: Laws of addition and multiplication.
9. Tests of significance: Basic concepts of tests of significance, tests of means and variances based on normal, t, 2 and F distributions, tests of independence in a contingency table.
10. Analysis of variance: One-way and two-way classifications, completely randomized design, randomized block design.
11. Regression and correlation analysis: Estimation of regression line and parameter, correlation analysis (simple, partial and multiple).
12. Random Samples & random numbers: Need & use, representative samples.
Recommended Books: 1. Statistics-J.M.2. Methods of Statistics-M.G. Mostafa3. Statistical Methods-J.S.Milton & J.O. Tsokos4. Calculus- Howard Anton5. Calculus-Schum’s outlines series6. Statistical Methods-S.P. Gupta7. Introduction to Theory of Statistics- R.N.Shil & S.C. Debnath8. Statistics- M. N. Islam
BPH 1018: Course Title: Fundamentals of Computer 3 Credits
1. History and general information’s: Historical background of computers and computing. Classifications and applications of computers according to its size and function. A general review about different parts of computers e.g. CPU, memory organization, storage devices, microprocessor system, number system- binary, hexadecimal etc., hardware, software, batch processing, RAM, ROM etc.2. Software:
a) Operating system: Introduction to Windows OS, Mac OS, Linus OS (Ubuntu and Solaris) and DOS OS and its basic commands.
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b) Application software: Introduction to MS Office suit (MS Word, MS Excel and MS Power point) and Open office 3.2 or later versions for Linux operating environments.
c) Bio statistical software: Introduction to basic tests done in biostatistics (Mean, SD, SEM, t-test, One way Anova calculations etc) and solve calculations using SPSS or related software.
d) DNA/RNA evaluation tools: MACAW, BLAST, CHIMERA.e) Introduction of Expasy proteomics server and its different tools.
3. Computer communication and antivirus:a. Basic information about internet: Internet working, basic principle, gateway and
bridge, Internet protocol (IP).b. Computer virus and its evolution, Different tools used for removing viruses from
computers. Introduction to Norton, Kaspersky, Macfee and some other up to date softwares.
4. Programming languages: Introduction to machine languages, Assembler languages, high level languages like-BASIC, C and FORTAN, algorithm, flowchart, decision table, basic idea of programming, data file and database.
Recommended Books: 1. Computer books- Aptech2. An Introduction to Computer Studies- Noel Kalicharan3. Computers- H. L. Capron4. Introduction to Computers- Peter Norton’s5. Office 97/ 2000/ XP- Mahbubur Rahman
1 st Year 2 nd Semester
BPH 1021: Inorganic Pharmacy –II(Pre-requisite: Inorganic Pharmacy-1) 3 Credits 1. Radioactivity: Introduction, properties of radiation, storage of radioactive material, medical application of radio nuclides and x-radiation radioactivity assay, official radioactive compounds and their importance in pharmaceutical fields.
2. Essential inorganic compounds of biological and pharmaceutical importance: The preparation, properties and uses of the compounds of the following: Na, K, Ca, Ag, Hg, Mn, As, S. Fe, I, Al, Mg, Cu.
3. Major Intra & Extra-cellular Electrolytes: Electrolytes used for replacement therapy, acid-base therapy and combination therapy.
4. Miscellaneous inorganic compounds of pharmaceutical importance: Antioxidants, lubricants, glidants & suspending agents etc., pharmaceutically acceptable glass and glass wares.
5. Gastrointestinal Agents: Antacids (Al, Mg preparations with application) & adsorbents, saline cathartics, their preparations with applications.
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6. Dental Products: Fluorides and other anti-caries agents, their preparations & applications.7. Topical Agents: Anti-microbial, astringents & protective.
8. Inhalants, Respiratory stimulants, Expectorants & Antidotes for poisoning.
BPH 1022: Inorganic Pharmacy - II Sessional 1 Credit
1. Identification of Inorganic Ions in the Formulation: a. Ca+2 from supplied preparations.
b. Fe+2 from supplied preparations. c. Al+3 from supplied preparations. d. Mg+2 from supplied preparations. e. K+ from supplied preparations. f. Na+ from supplied preparations.
2. Conversion of different water insoluble or sparingly soluble drugs into water soluble forms:
1. Na/K – salicylate from salicylic acid. 2. Na/K – benzoate from benzoic acid. 3. Na/K – citrate from citric acid.
Recommended Books1. Modern Inorganic Chemistry - S.Z. Haider2. Modern Inorganic Chemistry - Madan3. Inorganic Chemistry - Lee4. Bentley and Driver's Textbook of Pharmaceutical Chemistry5. Modern Inorganic Pharmaceutical Chemistry - Discher6. Textbook of Inorganic Pharmaceutical Chemistry -Rogers7. Inorganic Medicinal & Pharmaceutical Chemistry - Block & Wilson
a) 5-membered heterocyclic compounds: Pyrrole, Furan Thiophene, Pyrazole, Imidazole, Oxazole, Isooxazole, Thiazole and Isothiazole: preparations, reactions and pharmaceutical importance. b) 6-membered heterocyclic compounds: Pyridine, Pyrimidine, Pyradazine and Traizine: preparations, reactions and pharmaceutical importance. c) Benzofused 5-membered heterocyclic compounds: Indole, Benzofuran, Benzothiaphene and Carbazole: Their Chemistry, synthesis and pharmaceutical importance. d) Benzofused 6-membered heterocyclic compounds: Quinoline and Isoquinoline: Their Chemistry, synthesis and pharmaceutical importance.
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BPH 1024: Organic Pharmacy- II Sessional 1 Credit
1. Functional group analysis of: - Carboxylic acids, Derivatives of Carboxylic acids, Ethers, Epoxides, Aldehydes, Ketones and related compounds.
2. Melting point determination of different unknown organic compounds. 3. Organic preparation involving typical rections eg., Grignard reaction, Perkin
1. General Physiology: Introduction to physiology including its definition, scope and purpose of study in pharmacy.
2. Membrane physiology: Transport of substances through cell membrane, diffusion and osmosis, active transport- primary and secondary active transport. Membrane potential and action potential.
3. Basic concepts about cells: Structure of cell, cell organelles, inclusions, nucleus and chromosome, Cell division.
4. Basic concepts about tissues: Definition, classification, structure & functions of various tissues and their integration as well.
5. Blood: a) Introduction: Definition, composition & functions of blood; Blood Plasma proteins and their functions, electrolytes organic constituents and their function. b) Blood cells: R.B.C., W.B.C., platelets, their origin, morphology and function of blood cells; cell count, cell destruction. c) Blood coagulation: Coagulation factors, mechanism of coagulation, coagulation disorder. d) Blood grouping & blood transfusion: Definition, classification & purposes.
6. Cardiovascular system: a) Heart: Anatomy & histology of cardiac muscles & junctional tissues; Properties and histology of cardiac muscle, cardiac cycle, heart sounds, heart rate, cardiac output, blood pressure, pulse and electrocardiogram. b) Blood vessels: Arteries, veins and capillaries, their structure and functions cardio vascular regulatory mechanism, maintenance and regulation of vascular reflexes. c) Circulation: Coronary circulation, hepatic circulation, pulmonary circulation, cerebral circulation, capillary circulation.
7. Gastrointestinal system: anatomy and functions of GIT including salivary gland, stomach, small intestine and large intestine.
a) Digestive juices: Types, composition and functions.
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b) Mechanism of secretion of various digestive juices, hormonal regulation of gastric juice secretion. c) Basic movements of GIT, vomiting, defecation. d) Digestion of protein, lipid and carbohydrate. e) Absorption of various digested food materials.
BPH 1026: Physiology & Anatomy I Sessional 1 Credit
1. Measurement of blood pressure. 2. Total count of R.B.C.3. Total count of W.B.C.4. Differential count of W.B.C. 5. Determination of clotting and bleeding time.6. Determination of blood group. 7. Estimation of hemoglobin.
Recommended Books 1. Human Physiology Vol. I & II - C.C. Chatterjee 2. Textbook of Medical Physiology - Guyton 3. Medical Physiology - Ganong
BPH 1027: Pharmacognosy-I 3 Credits
1. Introduction: Definition and scope of Pharmacognosy, its historical developments.
2. Drug literatures and publications: Pharmacopoeia, Codex, Formulary, Dispensatory and Index etc. Official, Non-official and Unofficial drugs:
3. Crude drugs: A general view of their origin, distribution, cultivation, collection, drying and storage, commerce and quality control.
a) Classification of drugs. b) Preparation of drugs for commercial market. c) Evaluation of crude drugs. d) Drug adulteration.
4. Plant analysis: Extraction, Separation, and chromatography, types of plant constituents, comparative phytochemistry and chemotaxonomy.
5. Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical uses of the following plant constituents along with consideration of some important drugs of each group.
a) Lipids: Castor oil, linseed oil, coconut oil, olive oil, peanut oil, chaulmoogra oil, bees wax. b) Carbohydrate and related compounds: Sugar and sugar containing drugs Sucrose, dextrose, glucose, fructose etc. Polysaccharide containing drugs, Starches, dextrins etc. Gums and mucillages, tragacanth, acacia, sterculia, sodium alginate, agar cellulose.
6. Vitamins and vitamin containing few selected animal drugs: Cod liver oil, Shark liver oil, Hilsha fish/liver oil etc.
7. Surgical dressings and fibers.
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BPH 1028: Pharmacognosy-I Sessional 1 Credit
1. Cell contents: Microscopic and chemical examination of cell contents. a) Starches and derivatives. b) Calcium carbonate.
2. Study of crude drugs: Morphological characters, chemical constituents and uses of crude vegetable drugs. Examples:
a) Stramonium b) Catharanthus c) Senna
3. Study of some medicinal plants of Bangladesh.
Recommended Books1. Pharmacognosy - Tyler and Brady. 2. Pharmacognosy - Trease and Evans. 3. Pharmacognosy - Clause and Tyler. 4. Textbook of Pharmacognosy - Willis. 5. Practical Pharmacognosy - Zafar & Gandhi.6. Introduction to Pharmacognosy- Md. Abdul Ghani.7. Textbook of Pharmacognosy- Mohammed Ali
BPH 1029: English Language and Communication 3 Credits
1. Oral & written communication skills including communicative expressions for day-today activities, both for personal and professional requirement.
2. Grammar items mainly emphasizing the use of articles, numbers, tense, modal verbs, pronouns, punctuation etc.
3. Sentence formation, question formation, transformation of sentence, simple passive voice construction, and conditionals will also be covered.
4. Writing skills including sentence construction, grammar review, paragraph writing and writing essay from paragraph.
5. Specific applications encompassing writing formal letter, resume/CV, report, memo etc.
6. Reading skills including reading for main ideas, using contexts for vocabulary, scanning for details, making inferences.
7. Oral presentations covering oral reports, interviews and communication over telephone.
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2 nd Year 1 st Semester
BPH 2011: Physical Pharmacy - II 3 Credits(Pre-requisite-Physical Pharmacy-1)
1. Phase equilibrium: Phase components, & degrees of freedom, the phase rule and its thermodynamic derivation, one component systems, e.g., water & sulfur systems, two components systems, e.g., phenol-water & nicotine-water systems, freeze drying (lyophilization). 2. Chemical kinetics: Order and molecularity of reactions; Mathematical Formulation of kinetic expressions. Determination of order of reaction; Classification and Theories of chemical reactions (Reversible reactions, consecutive reactions & chain reactions), Drug Decomposition: Common routes (physical, chemical and others like catalysis.), drug stabilization and protection against causative factors, Accelerated Stability analysis: Definition, purpose and limitations.
3. Electrochemistry: Conductance of electrolytes. Concept of E.M.F. Electrode potential, relation between electrical and chemical energies, Oxidation-reduction systems, solutions of electrolytes. Interfacial phenomena and complexation: Colloids and macrormolecular systems. Adsorption and its application. Organic molecular complexes, occlusion compounds and their complexity.
4. Chemical thermodynamics: Elementary treatment of chemical thermodynamics, first law of thermodynamics, work, energy & heat, work of expansion, internal energy, determination of internal energy, heat change at constant volume & constant pressure, reversible, irreversible, isothermal, adiabatic & spontaneous changes, enthalpy & heat content, Joule-Thompson effect, maximum work function, thermo-chemistry of calorimetry, effects of temperature on heat of reactions, second law of thermodynamics, Carnot's cycle & efficiency of a perfect engine, the concept of entropy changes for an ideal gas expansion, entropy changes of materials under various condition, free energy & work functions, Gibbs-Helmholtz equation, Clausius-Clapeyron equation.
5. Surface and interfacial phenomenon: Liquid interface, surface and interfacial tension, surface free energy, measurement of surface and interfacial tensions, adsorption at solid and liquid interfaces, complex films, electrical properties of interface.
6. Viscosity and Rheology: Newtonian system, Law of flows, Kinematics viscosity, effects of temperature, non-Newtonian system: Pseudoplastic, dilatant and plastic flows, thixotropy. Thixotropy in a formulation and determination of viscosity.
BPH 2012: Physical Pharmacy - II Sessional 1 Credit
1. Determination of phase diagram of binary systems. 2. Determination of heat of solution of different salts by water calorimetry. 3. Determination of heat of neutralization of acid base reaction. 4. Determination of the velocity constant of acid catalyzed hydrolysis of methyl acetate at a
known temperature. 5. Determination of energy of flow of a liquid through a capillary by measuring viscosity as
a function of temperature.
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6. Determination of the equilibrium constant of the reaction KI+I2=KI3 at a known temperature.
7. Determination of the velocity constant of the hydrolysis of ethyl acetate in the basic medium.
8. Determination of viscosity of pure liquids such as glycerine, alcohol and nitrobenzene using Ostwald viscometer.
9. Study of variation of viscosity of a liquid with temperature using Ostwald or Engler's viscometer.
10. Determination of solubility of a sparingly soluble salt in water by conductance measurement.
11. Determination of velocity constant for the hydrolysis of an ester in the basic medium by conductance measurement.
Recommended Books1. Principle of Physical Chemistry - Haque and Nawab2. Physical Phrmacy-Martin3. Elements of Physical Chemistry - Lewis and Glasstone4. Physical Chemistry - Atkins5. Physical Chemistry - Bahl & Tuli
BPH 201 3: Pharmaceutical Microbiology 3 Credits
1. Introduction to Microbiology : Microbiology as a field of biology. Place of microorganism in the living field. Procaryotic and Eucaryotic protists. Areas of microbiology. Application of microbiology with special reference to pharmaceutical sciences. Germ theory of diseases, Pure culture concept.
2. Microscopic Observation of Microorganisms : Bright field, dark field, fluorescence and phase contrast microscopy. Electron microscopy. Preparation of microscopic examination. Microbiological stains: Simple and differential staining methods.
3. Bacteria : General & cellular morphology, size, shape, movement & composition of cell wall. Bacterial spores, capsule, flagella & inclusion. Physiology of bacteria : Growth, growth curve and growth characteristics. Factors affecting growth of bacteria - nutritional requirements, preparation of culture media for aerobic and anaerobic organisms. Methods of isolation of pure culture, principal methods of isolation, preservation of cultures by different methods. Methods of bacterial counts.
4. Microorganisms other than Bacteria: a) Yeasts & Molds : Types, Morphology, Pathogenic yeasts & molds. b) Rickettsiae: Introduction, Characteristics of rickettsiae, Pathogenic rickettsiae, Laboratory diagnosis of rickettsial deseases. c) Viruses: Introduction, classification of viruses, characteristics of viruses, reproduction and cultivation of viruses, control of virus infection, bacterial virus or bacteriophages, morphology and composition, cultivation of bacterial viruses, reproduction of bacterial viruses.
5. Sterilization : Sterilization by dry heat and its principle. Hot air oven, its methods of use and application. Advantages and disadvantages of sterilization by moist heat and dry heat. Factors
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affecting sterilization by moist heat. Principle of sterilization by steam under pressure. Autoclave: Applications, testing efficiency of autoclaves. Sterilization by heating with bactericides. Cold sterilization of heat -labile products and equipments by chemical, radiation and filtration.
6. Basic concepts of Immunology: Introduction, Types of immune system, Non-specific and specific components of immune system, Immuno regulation and diversity, types of Immunity, Infection, pathogenecity, virulence. Vaccine, Monoclonal antibody production.
1. Study of compound microscope. 2. Preparation of pure bacterial culture and its identification. 3. Bacterial counts. 4. Study of gram -staining. 5. Culture sensitivity test by disk diffusion method. 6. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of antibiotic.
Recommended books1. Microbiology - Pelczar, Kreig and Khan2. Microbiology: An Introduction - Tortora, Funkee and Case.3. Biology of Microorganisms - T.D. Brock4. Industrial Microbiology - Present and Dunn5. Pharmaceutical Microbiology - Harris6. Fundamental Principles of Bacteriology - Salle7. Dispensing for Pharmaceutical Students - Cooper and Gunn8. Microbiology - Whistrech
1. Food & Nutrition: Vitamins & minerals: a) Sources & daily requirement of vitamins and minerals for adults. b) Properties and functions of various Vitamin and minerals, vitamins deficiency and malnutrition
2. Respiratory System: Basic anatomy of respiratory system, respiratory membrane, mechanism and regulation of respiration: Respiration reflexes, Respiratory centers, their location & functions. Pulmonary ventilation, Gaseous interchange in the lungs; carriage of O2 and CO2 in the blood; gaseous interchange in the tissues. Hypoxia: Definition, classification & Effects of hypoxia. 3. Excretory system:
a) Structure of the kidney - Nephrons, Renal blood vessels renal circulation. b) Formation of urine: Glomerular filtration, Tubular re-absorption, Tubular secretion. Regulation of the process of urine formation. c) Regulation of body water volume & composition, kidney problems. Acid-base balance by the kidney.
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4. Reproductive system: a) Male reproductive System: Primary and accessory sex organs, spermatogenesis, Male sex hormones, their function & control. b) Female reproductive system: Ovaries and uterus, graffian follicles, menstrual cycle, ovulation, control of menstrual cycle, Female sex hormones, estrogen and progesterone, pregnancy and lactation and their hormonal control, Methods of contraception, Sexual transmission of diseases.
5. Lymphatic system: a) Lymph: Definition, properties, composition, circulation, functions. b) Lymph nodes: sites and functions. Spleen and reticulo-endothelial system.
BPH 2016: Physiology & Anatomy - II Sessional 1 Credit
1. Determination of ESR (Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate).2. Determination of Packed Cell Volume (PCV).3. Preparation and staining of blood film.4. Recording of body temperature and effect of exercise on it.5. Effect of different posture on blood pressure.6. Effect of reflex in human.
Recommended Books1. Human Physiology (vol. I &11) -C.C. Chatterjee2. Medical Physiology-Guyton.3. Medical Physiology-Ganon.4. Practical Physiology-C.L. Ghai.
BPH 2017: Pharmacognosy - II 3 Credits(Pre-requisite-Pharmacognosy-I)
1. Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical uses of the following plant constituents along with considerations of some important local and foreign drugs of each group.
a) Glycosides and glycoside containing drugs: Biosynthesis of glycosides, types of glycosides, details of following glycosides. i) Cyanogenic: Wild Cherry. ii) Sothiocyanate: Mustard. iii) Antharaquinone glycosides: Cascara sagrada, aloe, senna, and rhubarb.
iv) Saponins: Sarsaparila, glycyrrhiza, dioscorea. v) Cardiac: Digitalis, strophanthus, squill. b) Alkaloids details of following alkaloids:
viii) Purine bases: Coffee, tea. ix) Lupinane: Lupinus spp.c) Volatile oils and related terpenoids: Methods of obtaining volatile oils; Chemistry of the volatile oils and their medicinal and commercial uses. d) Phenolic Compounds and tannins: Chemical nature and test for tannins. Some tannin containing drugs such as Nutgall and Catechu.
e) Resin and Resin combinations e.g. resin, oleo-resin, oleo-gum resin, tolu balsam and benzoin.
2. Plants in complimentary and traditional systems of medicine: Introduction- different types of alternative systems of treatments (e.g. Ayurvedic, Unani and Homeopathic medicine). Contribution of traditional drugs to modern medicine.
BPH 2018: Pharmacognosy - II Sessional 1 Credit
1. General test for carbohydrates e.g. glucose, fructose, lactose, sucrose, maltose etc. 2. Examination of starch and related products. 3. Examination of gums. Extraction and identification of some anthraquinone derivaties
from senna cascarda sagrada, aloe. 4. Extraction & Identification of Caffeine from tea, coffee. 5. Separation of different substances by thin-layer chromatography (TLC). 6. Study of cardiac glycosides and some cardio-active drugs; Digitails, squill, strophanthus.
Examination of some saponin containing drugs; sarsaparilla, discorea. S7. Study of alkaloids and some alkaloid containing drugs; Belladonna, Stramonium,
1. Carbohydrates: General consideration, chemistry, isomerism, stereo-chemistry, classification, aldoses, ketoses, oxidation, effect of alkali, synthesis of aldoses and ketoses by various methods, optical activity, hemiacetal- acetal form of glucose, ring size determination, disaccharides, structure determination of polysaccharides, starch, cellulose, glycogen, chemical and pharmaceutical importance of carbohydrates, blood sugar, glycogenesis, glycolysis, TCA cycle.
2. Lipids: Introduction, chemistry & biosynthesis of fats and fatty acids, catabolism of fat, β-oxidation, catabolism of unsaturated fatty acids, ketone bodies, ketosis, ketourea, ketoacidosis,
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diabetic coma and its treatment , lactic acid and acidosis (lactic acidosis), phosphoglycerides, steroid, bile salts.
3. Amino acids and proteins: Introduction, classification of essential and non-essential amino acids, structure of amino acids, acidity and basicity of amino acids, zwitterions and iso-electric point, synthesis and reactions of amino acids, essential aminoacids, peptide synthesis, amino acid sequence determination, metabolism of amino acids, de-amination, transamination, racimization. Classification, function, structures, de-naturation and purification of proteins, enzymes as protein, one carbon unit transfer, protein as drug.
4. Nucleic Acids: Chemistry of nucleic acids, bases nucleosides, nucleotides, polynucleotides, nucleoproteins, RNA, DNA, Double-Helix theory, replication of DNA, genetic code, codons, anti codons, polypeptide and protein synthesis, genetic engineering and its applications in pharmaceutical industries, mutations and relevant diseases.
Recommended Books1. Biochemistry- Lubert Stryer2. Principles of Biochemistry- A.L.Lehninger3. Textbook of Biochemistry- A.Mazur & B.Harrow4. Practical Biochemistry- D.T. Plummer5. The Biochemistry of Foreign Compounds- D.V.Parke6. Lipincott’s Biochemistry.
2 nd Year 2 nd Semester
BPH 2021: Pharmaceutical Technology - I 3 Credits(Pre-requisite - Basic Pharmaceutics and Dosage Form Design)
1. Dosage forms: Introduction, Definition and classification of different pharmaceutical dosage forms.
2. Solubility and Dissolution rate: Methods of expressing solubility, solubility of gases in liquids, solubility of liquids in liquids, solubility of solids in solids, solubility of solids in liquids, factors affecting solubility, dissolution rates of solids in liquids.
3. Liquid Dosage Form: Clear liquids, Solutions and elixirs, theory of solution, physicochemical considerations and types of solution dosage form, advantages and disadvantages, additives, ingredients that are used in formulations, formulation considerations.
4. Semisolids: Structure of skin, percutaneous absorption of drugs, definition, classification of semisolid, classification of ointment bases, formulation, manufacturing of ointments, rheological considerations, evaluation and quality analysis of ointments. 5. Suppositories: Drug absorption from colon, classification, formulation, manufacturing and testing of suppositories, suppository bases.
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6. Micromeritics and Powder Rheology: Importance of particle size determination, different means of expressing particle size, methods of particle size determination. Coulter-counter methods, laser beam technique, sieve analysis, sedimentation methods, particle shape and surface area.
7. Polymer Science for pharmaceuticals: Chemistry of polymers, Pharmaceutical applications, physical, chemical and mechanical properties, molecular weight and distribution, polymer solution properties, plasticization and elastomers.
BPH 2022: Pharmaceutical Technology I Sessional 1.5 Credits
1. Preparation of aromatic water.2. Preparation of different pharmaceutical syrup:
a) Iron syrup b) Sodium Phenobarbital syrup c) Chlorpheniramine maleate syrup d) Promethazine HCI syrup, etc.
3. Preparation of different types of suspensions and determination of their sedimentation parameters:
a) Paracetamol suspensionb) Antacid suspension
4. Preparation of emulsion and Identification of type of emulsion:a) Primary emulsion by dry gum method and wet gum methodb) Castor oil emulsion
Recommended Books:1. Dispensing for pharmaceutical students - Cooper & Gunn2. American Pharmacy - Sprowl3. Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences4. Dispensing of medication - Husa & Martin5. Pharmaceutical Practice – Aulton6. The Extra Pharmacopoeia - Martindale7. Bentley's Textbook of Pharmaceutics8. Tutorial Pharmacy - Cooper & Gunn9. Pharmaceutics – Aulton
BPH 2023: Pharmacology - I 3 Credits(Pre -requisite -Physiology & Anatomy-I and II)
1. Introduction to Pharmacology: Definition of Pharmacology, Drug, Medicine, prodrug, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, MEC, MTC, TW, Agonist, Antagonist, Synergism, Side effect, Toxicity of Drug, Drug interaction, Drug tolerance, Drug abuse, Drug dependence, Idiosyncrasy, Dose, Dosage form, Drug absorption, factors modifying drug absorption, Drug distribution, biotransformation and excretion, and clinical pharmacokinetics.
2. Receptor: Basic principles, mechanism of drug action, receptor (receptor for physiological regulatory molecules, structural and functional families, receptor as enzyme, ion channel, G-Protein coupled receptor, cytoplasmic second messenger, regulation of receptor, diseases
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resulting from receptor malfunction, significance of receptor sub-type), mechanism of actions not mediated by receptor, theories relating to drug receptor interaction, factors modifying drug action.
3. Analgesics and Antipyretics: Concept of pain and fever. a) Narcotic analgesics: Opium alkaloids, Methadone and Propoxyphene, Morphine antagonist, Oxycodine, Hydroxycodine. b) Nor narcotic analgesics: Aspirin, Salicylic acid, Pyrozole derivatives, Para amino phenol derivatives. Concept of inflammation, Anti-inflammatory agent: Propionic acid derivatives, Steroidal anti-inflammatory agent.
4. Autacoids: Histamine and anti histamine, mode of action of histamine on cardiovascular system, smooth muscle, gastric secretion. anti histamine classification, pharmacology and therapeutics of some autacoids.
5. Anesthetics: General pharmacology, chemistry, classification, mode of action of anesthetics, description of some anesthetics. BPH 2024: Pharmacology - I Sessional 1.5 Credits
1. Estimation of salicylic acid in blood after administration of aspirin tablet. 2. Estimation of paracetamol in blood after administration. 3. Estimation of anti-histamines in blood after administration.
Recommended Books1. Pharmacological basis of therapeutics-Goodman & Gillman2. Medical Pharmacology- Katzung3. Medical Pharmacology- Meyer4. Medical Pharmacology - A. Goth5. Pharmacology & Phrmacotherapeutics - R.S. Satosker6. Lipincott’s Pharmacology
Pharm 2205: Physiology & Anatomy - III 3 Credits(Pre-requisite: Physiology & Anatomy-I and II)
1. Nervous system: a. Nerve cell: Properties, classification and function. b. Nerve fiber: Types of nerve fibers, origin and propagation of nerve impulse across nerve fiber. Action potential. c. Synapse: Classification and properties of synapses and their function. d. Reflex action: Definition, classification and properties. e. Principal division of nervous system: CNS and PNS, Different parts of CNS. f. Principal motor and sensory paths of the CNS: upper motor neuron and lower motor neuron. g. Sensory nerve endings: Different types of sensation. h. Muscle tone: Definition and regulation, posture and postural reflexes.i. Autonomic nervous system and its principal division: Sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves.
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j. Neurotransmitters: Definition and function2. Endocrine system: Structural and functional anatomy of pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal glands and pancreas, hormones secreted by different endocrine glands and by hypothalamus, normal and disordered functions of different hormones.
3. Metabolism: Fat, carbohydrate, protein and nucleoprotein metabolism. Metabolic pathways of fat, carbohydrate, proteins and enzymes, vitamins and hormones regulating various metabolic steps.
4. Pathophysiology and management of diseases caused due to: a) disorder of nervous system b) endocrine dysfunction and c) metabolic disorder
Recommended books1. Human Physiology (vol. I &11) -C.C. Chatterjee2. Medical Physiology-Guyton3. Medical Physiology-Ganon4. Practical Physiology-C.L. Ghai
BPH 2026: Medicinal chemistry - I 3 Credits(Pre-requisite: Biomolecular Pharmacy and Organic Pharmacy- I and II)
1. Basic Principles of medicinal chemistry: Receptors: definition, classification, chemistry, drug receptor interaction, G-Proteins, calmodulin and different protein kinases.
2. Knowledge of the Chemistry and synthesis of the following compounds of medicinal importance:
a) Alkaloids, b) Glycosides and c) Vitamins.
3. Reaction mechanisms: a) Addition reaction: Electrophilic; nucleophilic and free-radical; 1, 2- and 1, 4- addition.b) Substitution reaction: Unimolecular (SN1) and bimolecular (SN2), stereochemistry of SN1 and SN2 reaction, free-radical and intermolecular nucleophilic substitution.c) Elimination reaction: Unimolecular (E1) and bimolecular (E2), stereochemistry of elimination reaction.d) Rearrangement reaction: Hofmann, Claisen, Sigmatropic and Fries rearrangement.
4. Stereochemistry:a) General treatment of different types of isomerism.b) Geometric isomerism of alkenes and cyclic compounds, cis, trans and (E), (Z) systems of nomenclature.
c) Conformational isomers: Conformation of open chain cyclic compounds.d) Chirality of molecules: Enantiomer, diastereomer, racemic modification, mesocompounds, (R) and (S) configuration, sequence rule, optical rotation.
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e) Assymetric synthesis: Preparation of enantiomer by assymetric synthesis and optical resolution method.f) Stereoselective and stereospecific reaction.g) Pharmaceutical importance of studying stereochemistry.
Recommended Books1. A textbook of Medicinal Chemistry - Wilson and Gisvold2. Medicinal Chemistry - Burger3. Organic Chemistry (Vol 1 & 2) - Finar4. Organic Chemistry - Morrison and boyd
BPH 2027: Basic Pharmaceutics and Dosage form Design 3 Credits
(Pre- requisite- Physical Pharmacy-I and II, Basic Mathematics & Biostatistics)
1. History of Pharmaceutics: History, code of ethics, pharmacopoeias, formularies and codexes officially recognized in Bangladesh
2. Basic Principles of Compounding and dispensing: Weighing, measures and units, calculation for compounding and dispensing, fundamental operation in compounding, good pharmaceutical practices in compounding and dispensing, containers and closures for dispensed products, responding to the prescription, labeling of dispensed medications.
3. Dispersed system: a) Properties of dispersed systems: Theoretical aspects of suspension, emulsion and colloids, surface charge and zeta potential, interparticle force, crystal growth, wetting, adsorption at solid-liquid interface, surface and interfacial tension, flocculation and coalescence.b) Suspension: Advantages and disadvantages, theoretical considerations, aggregated and dispersed systems, formulation, manufacturing, stability, evaluation and quality analysis, rheological considerations, illustrative examples.c) Emulsion: Definitions, applications, advantages, disadvantages, theory of formation, classification of emulsifying agents, HLB values of surface active agents, formulation, manufacturing, stability, evaluation and quality analysis, rheological considerations, illustrative examples
4. Pre-formulation: Preliminary evaluation and molecular optimization, bulk charactization of the material. crystallinity and polymorphism, Thermal properties, hygroscopicity, particle characterization, bulk density, powder flow properties, solubility analysis, pKa determinations, pH solubility profile, effect of temperature, solubilization, partition co-efficient, dissolution, stability analysis, solution stability and solid state stability.
5. Pharmaceutical excipients: Chemistry, physical properties and uses of the following excipients: Polymers, acidifying agents, alkalizing agents, anti-foaming agents, anti-microbial preservatives, anti-oxidants, buffering agents, chelating agents, coloring agents, complexing agents, desiccants, emulsifying agents, flavoring agents and perfumes, humectant, tonicity agent, wetting and solubilizing agents.
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Recommended Books1. The Theory and practice of Industrial Pharmacy - Lachman2. American Pharmacy - Sprowl3. Pharmaceutics - Aulton4. Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences5. Dispensing of medication - Husa & Martin6. Pharmaceutical Practice - Aulton7. The Extra Pharmacopoeia – Martindale8. Dispensing of medication - Husa & Martin9. Pharmaceutical Calculation – Stock Losa10. Ansel’s pharmaceutical dosage forms & drug delivery system- Loyd, Nicholas, Donald
BPH 2028: Pharmaceutical Analysis & Quality Control – I 3 Credits
1. Introduction of Pharmaceutical Analysis: Significance of quantitative analysis in Pharmaceutical quality, assurance, Different techniques of analysis, Selection of samples, significant figures, precision and accuracy of representative samples, fundamentals of volumetric analysis, methods of expressing concentration, primary and secondary standards, theory and basic concepts of CGMP, ISO 9000, ISO 9001, TQM, Quality Review and documentation.
2. Quality Assurance: Theory and basic concepts of CGMP, ISO 9000, ISO 9001, TQM, Quality Review and documentation.
3. Acid base titration: Acid base concepts, Role of this form of titration of Pharmaceutical quality assurance, ionization, law of ionization, Henderson Hesselbach equation, neutralization curves, acid base indicators, mixed indicators used in polyprotic, polyamines and amino acid systems during amino acid titration.
4. Oxidation Reduction Titration: Concepts of oxidation and reduction, Redox reactions, strengths and equivalent weight of redox agents, theory of redox titration, measurement of electrode potential, oxidation-reduction, iodometry, pharmaceutical application of redox titration.
5. Complexometric Titration: Concept & theory of chelation, chelating agents, choice of chelating agents, and pharmaceutical importance of chelation.
6. Non-aqueous Titration: Concept, different methods and pharmaceutical Importance of determination of moisture content in pharmaceuticals. Principles of microbiological assay of antibiotics and vitamins.
7. Aquametry: Principle and scope, physical methods of water determination, chemical methods of water determination, Karl-Fisher procedure: Principle, chemistry, methodology, equipment, end point detection and limitations.
Recommended Books1. A Text book of Pharmaceutical Analysis - K.A. Connors2. Quantitative Pharmaceutical Analysis - Chatten3. Quantitative Inorganic Analysis vol. I & II - Vogel4. United State Pharmacopoeia5. British Pharmacopoeia
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6. Quality Control in Pharmaceutical Industry - M.S. Cooper
1. Powder and granules: Reasons for granulation, properties of granules e.g. size and shape, surface area, density, strength and friability, Wet & Dry granulation methods, direct compression and the granulation machine.
2. Tablet formulation: Definition, classification, advantages, disadvantages and properties of tablets, formulation of tablets, tableting excipients, tablet compression machines, formulation of special tablets like effervescent tablet, dispersible tablet, compression coated tablet, chewable tablets, Common problems for tablets.
3. Tablet tooling: Types of tablet tooling, Steel selection, Maintenance and storage of tooling. Evaluation of tablets: Hardness measurement, weight variation tests, thickness and diameter, friability, disintegration time, dissolution rate, mechanism of tablet disintegration and dissolution, in process quality control methods in tablet manufacture.
4. Tablet coating: Purpose and classifications of coating methods, advantages and disadvantages of coating methods.
a) Sugar coating: Different stages of sugar coating, problems of sugar coating. b) Film coating: Film formers, plasticizer, solvents, other excipients, problems of film coating. c) Dry coating: compression coating, comparison between sugar coating and film coating. d) Coating machines: Conventional, perforated and fluidized.e) Coating problem and their remedy.
5. Hard gelatin capsules: Definition, classification, advantages and limitations of capsule dosage forms, gelatin and its manufacture, manufacture of hard capsule shells, properties and formulation of capsules, capsule filling machines, tooling and accessories, problems in capsule manufacturing, quality control methods of capsules & packaging of hard gelatin capsules.
6. Soft gelatin capsules: Definition, classification, advantages limitations, properties and formulation of soft capsules, manufacturing of soft capsules, problems in soft capsule manufacturing, quality control methods of soft capsules, packaging of soft-capsules.
7. Microencapsulation technology: Purpose, methods of preparation, evaluation, pharmaceutical and biological applications of microencapsulation process.
BPH 3012: Pharmaceutical Technology II Sessional 1.5 Credits
1. Determination of derived properties of powders like density, porosity, compressibility and angle of repose.2. Study of tablet press.3. Formulation and manufacturing of different tablets.
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4. Experiments to illustrate the problems encountered during preparation of tablets.a) Tablet weight variationb) Tablet hardness test.c) Tablet friability test
5. Formulation and manufacturing of hard gelatin capsules, problems encountered during preparation and Physical evaluation of capsules.6. Formulation and manufacturing of dispersible aspirin tablets
Recommended Books1. The Theory and practice of Industrial Pharmacy - Lachman 2. American Pharmacy - Sprowl 3. Pharmaceutics – Aulton4. Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences5. Dispensing of medication - Husa & Martin6. Pharmaceutical Practice - Aulton7. The Extra Pharmacopoeia – Martindale
BPH 3013: Pharmacology - II 3 Credits(Pre -requisite - Pharmacology I and Physiology & Anatomy-III)
1. Chemotherapy of parasitic infections: introduction, drug used in malaria, helminthiasis, Tripanosomiasis, Leishmaniasis, Amebiasis, Giardiasis, Trichmoniasis.
2. Chemotherapy of microbial diseases: a) General considerations b) Sulfonamides, Trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole, Quinolones and agents used in Urinary Tract Infection. c) Penicillin, Cephalosporins and other –Lactam antibiotics. d) Aminoglycosides. e) Tetracycline, Chloramphenicol and Erythromycin. f) Drugs used in Tuberculosis and Leprosy. g) Antifungal agents.
3. Chemotherapy of Neoplastic diseases: Introduction, general consideration, classification, mechanism of action and side effects of antineoplastic agents.
4. Gastric Antacids: General consideration, Chemistry, Absorption, Distribution and secretion in GI tract. Effect of gastric secretion. Description of some antacids.
6. Immunosuppressive agent and Gene Therapy: Cytotoxic drugs, Glucocorticoids, specific T-cell inhibitors, Gene modification, Gene transfer application, Limitations of gene therapy, Disease targets for gene therapy (organ directed, cancer gene therapy for infectious diseases).
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Recommended Books1. Pharmacological basis of therapeutics-Goodman & Gillman.2. Medical Pharmacology-Katzung.3. Medical Pharmacology- Meyer.4. Medical Pharmacology-A. Goth.5. Pharmacology & Phrmacotherapeutics - R.S. Satosker
BPH 3014: Clinical Pathology 3 Credits
1. Introduction: General considerations, core and scope of clinical pathology.
2. Cellular Injury and Adaptation: Morphology of injured cells, intracellular accumulation, sub-cellular alteration, adaptation, neuralgia.
3. Inflammation and Repair: Morphological patterns and changes in vascular flow and permeability, phagocytosis, chemical mediators, mechanisms of regeneration and repairing, gastritis, ulceration, pleuritis, cervicitis.
5. Neoplasia: Characteristics, grading and stages of cancer, metastasis, karyotype changes in tumour, carcinogenic agents and their cellular interaction, oncogenes and cancer, sarcomas.
13. Diseases of the Endocrine and Exocrine Glands: Pancreatic diseases, diabetes mellitus, Zollinger-Ellisone syndrome.
14. Miscellaneous: Spleenomegaly, pyloric stenosis, endometrial hyperplasia, cholelithiasis, cholecysitis, diseases of the nervous system, gastrointestinal and placental disorders, diseases of stomach and intestine.
Recommended Books1. Pathological Basis of Diseases – Robbins
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2. Practical Pathology and Microbiology- Prof. K. A. Khaleque, Dr. K. Z. MamunBPH 3015: Medicinal chemistry - II 3 Credits(Pre-requisite: Medicinal chemistry I)
1. Principles of drug design: Theory, different traditional and mechanism based approaches to drug design, application of quantum mechanics, computer aided drug designing (CADD), molecular modeling, congenetic series and clinical evaluation.
2. Chemistry of drug metabolism and concept of pro-drug: Pathways of drug metabolism, metabolism of various groups of drugs, factors affecting drug metabolism, methods of studying drug metabolism, new aspect of drug metabolism, metabolic products of common drugs. Definition, Chemistry, Characteristics and properties of Pro-drug.
3. Knowledge of the chemistry, synthesis and structure activity relationship of the following groups of medicinal substance:
a) Hormones, b) Antibiotics.
4. Synthesis of natural products and heterocyclic compounds:a) 5-membered heterocyclic compounds: Pyrrole, furan, thiophene, pyrazole, imidazole, oxazole, isoxazole, thiozole and isothiazole: their preparations, reactions and pharmaceutical importance.b) 6-membered heterocyclic compounds: Pyridine, piperidine, pyrimidine, pyradazine, pyrazine and triazine, their preparation, reaction and pharmaceutical importance.
Recommended books1. A textbook of Medicinal Chemistry - Wilson and Gisvold2. Medicinal Chemistry - Burger3. Organic Chemistry (vol 1 & 2) - Finar4. Organic Chemistry - Morrison and boyd
BPH 3017: Pharmaceutical Analysis & Quality Control - II 3 Credits(Pre- requisite- Pharmaceutical Analysis & Quality Control-I)
1. Absorption Spectroscopy: a) Infra-red spectrophotometry: Introduction, purpose, description of the methodology, utilization and current application. b) Visible and ultraviolet spectrophotometry: Introduction: Electromagnetic radiation, units, electromagnetic spectra and absorption of radiation, Lambert’s and Beer’s laws, Deviations from Lambert’s and Beer’s law, Instrumentation, colorimetry, chromophores and auxochromes, Analysis of mixtures, Absorption and intensity shifts, Application of Visible and ultraviolet spectroscopy quantitative analysis of drugs.
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c) Polarimetry: Introduction: Origin of optical Rotation, molecular requirements for optical rotatory power.Methods used in Polarimetry. d) Fluorometry: Introduction: Theoretical principle, fluorescence and chemical structure, instrumentation. Factors influencing intensity of fluorescence, comparison of fluorometry and spectrophotometry, application of fluorometry in Pharmaceutical analysis.
2. Chromatographic technique: Column chromatography and gel filtration techniques. Thin-layer chromatography, Ion-exchange chromatography: Introduction, principles and theories, preparation procedure, Methods of detection, Application.
3. High Performance Liquid Chromatography: Introduction and theoretical principles. instrumentation, characteristics of stationary and mobile phase, reversed phase high performance chromatography, applications.
BPH 3018: Pharmaceutical Analysis & Quality Control Sessional 1.5 Credits
1. Assay of acetyl salicylic acid in aspirin tablets 2. Non-aqueous assay of phenobarbitone tablets3. Assay of antazoline hydrochloride in antihistamine tablets4. Non-aqueous titration of PAS tablets5. Determination of potency of penicillin tablets6. Determination of potency of vitamin tablets 7. Determination of calcium gluconate tablets and injections by EDTA titration 8. Determination of saponification value, iodine value and acid value of fixed oils 9. Assay of sulfa-drugs by nitrate titration 10. Assay of different drugs by conductometric, potentiometric, amperometric and
electrogravimetric titration11. Bioassay of different antibiotics
Recommended Books:1. A Textbook of Pharmaceutical Analysis - K.A. Connors2. Practical, Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Part 1&2) - A.H. Beckett & J.B.Stenlake3. Vogel’s Textbook of Quantitative Inorganic Analysis- J. Bassett4. Vogel’s Textbook of Practical Organic Chemistry -Furniss5. Spectroscopic Methods in Organic Chemistry. - D.H. Williams & I. Fleming6. Elementary Organic Spectroscopy- Y.R.Sharma7. Spectroscopy of Organic Compounds- P. S. Kalsi8. Pharmaceutical chemistry (Vol 2) - Chatten9. Introduction to Spectroscopy- Lapman Pavia
BPH 301 9: Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics – I 3 Credits
1. Introduction : Introduction to Biopharmaceutics & Clinical pharmacokinetics and their role in formulation development and clinical setting. 2. Gastrointestional Absorption of Drugs:
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a) Biological Consideration: Membrane physiology, gastrointestinal physiology, Mechanism of absorption etc. b)Physicochemical Consideration : pKa and Gastrointestinal absorption ; pH - Partition theory and other physicochemical factors. c) Dosage Form Consideration: Role of different dosage forms like solution, suspension, tablet capsule, emulsion etc. on gastrointestinal absorption. d) Disintegration and dissolution of drugs.
3. Distribution of drugs: a) Important pharmacokinetic parameters: such as Biological half - life, apparent volume of distribution, area under the curve, elimination rate constant etc. b) Drug Protein Interaction : Theoretical aspect of protein drug interaction, Methods used for protein binding, Kinetics of protein binding, Determination of binding sites and association constant, Factors affecting protein binding, Effects of protein binding on drug distribution, Elimination and pharmacological effects of drug.
4. Drug Clearance: a) Theoretic aspects of drug elimination, excretion and biotransformation.b) Renal elimination: Glomerular filtration, Active tubular secretion, Tubular reabsorption, Determination of renal clearance. c) Hepatic elimination and Biliary excretion of drug.
5. Bioavailability and Bioequivalence: Definition of different parameters relative to bioavailability, Purpose of bioavailability, Relative and absolute bioavailability, Methods of assaying bioavailability, Criteria for bioequivalence studies.
Recommended books1. Biopharmaceutics & Clinical Pharmacokinetics - M. Gibaldi2. Biopharmaceutics & Clinical Pharmacokinetics - Notari3. Biopharmaceutics & Relevant Pharmacokinetics - T.G. Wagner4. Biopharmaceutics & Drug interactions - Cadwallader5. Pharmacokinetics - M. Gibaldi & D. Perrier6. Applied Biopharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics – Leon Shargel & Andrew B.C. YU
1. Compartmental Analysis: a) One compartment open model: Determination of plasma concentration from one compartment open model, elimination rate constant, apparent volume of distribution. b) Multiple compartment models:
i) Two -compartment open model: method of residuals, apparent volume of distributions, drug in tissue compartment, elimination rate constant. ii) Three compartment open model: method of residuals, determination of area under curve, apparent volume of distribution elimination rate constant.
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2. Pharmacokinetics of Drug Absorption: Zero-order absorption model, First-order absorption model, determination of absorption rate constant from oral absorption data.
3. Multiple Dosage Regimens (MDR): Drug accumulation, repetitive IV injection, multiple oral dosage regimens, loading dose, determination of bioavailability and bioequivalence from MDR.
4. Intravenous Infusion: One compartment model drugs, two compartment model drugs, infusion plus loading dose.
5. Dose adjustment: Dose adjustment in patients with or without renal and hepatic failure.
In vitro study of bio-availability of drug: a) Tablet disintegration tests of solid dosage forms.b) Tablet dissolution tests of solid dosage forms.
Recommended books1. Biopharmaceutics & Clinical Pharmacokinetics - M. Gibaldi2. Biopharmaceutics & Clinical Pharmacokinetics - Notari3. Biopharmaceutics & Relevant Pharmacokinetics - T.G. Wagner4. Biopharmaceutics & Drug interactions - Cadwallader5. Pharmacokinetics - M. Gibaldi & D. Perrier6. Applied Biopharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics – Leon Shargel & Andrew B.C. YU
BPH 3023: Pharmacology - III 3 Credits(Pre -requisite - Pharmacology I and II)
1. Drugs affecting synaptic junction and effector organs: a) General functions of the autonomic and somatic motor nervous system, points of interference of drugs on the autonomic nervous system, neurotransmission, cholinergic transmission, (storage and release of acetylcholine, cholinergic receptor and signal transduction, subtypes of nicotinic and muscarinic receptor, molecular basis of cholinergic receptor function), adrenergic transmission (synthesis, storage and release of catecholamine, reuptake and termination of action of catecholamines, classification of adrenergic receptors, molecular basis of adrenergic receptor function), other autonomic transmitters. b) Pharmacological action, mechanism of action, uses, side effects and structure activity relationship of the following categories of autonomic drugs:
i) Muscarinic receptor agonists and antagonists ii) Anticholinesterases iii) Agents acting at the neuromuscular junction and autonomic ganglia and iv) Catecholamines, sympathomimetic and adrenergic receptor antagonists
c) 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor agonists and antagonists, synthesis and metabolism, physiological function of 5-HT, receptor, and site of action, serotonergic drugs and clinical use
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2. Pharmacology of drugs affecting Cardio-vascular function: Basic physiology, general considerations, and pharmacological actions, mechanism of action, uses, side effects and structure activity relationship of the following categories of drugs:
a) Diuretics and antidiuretics b) Drugs used in IHD like Angina and Myocardial Infarction c) Antihypertensive drugsd) Antiarrythmic drugs e) Pharmacological treatment of heart failure and f) Drugs used in Hyperlipoproteinemias
3. Ophthalmology: Overview of ocular physiology and biochemistry, ocular structure, delivery strategies, chemotherapy of microbial diseases of the eye, use of other agents for ophthalmic therapy.
4. Anti diabetic drugs: Introduction and classification of diabetes. Hypoglycemia and Hyperglycemia. Oral hypoglycemic agents: Introduction, Classification, Mode of action, uses and side effects of some hypoglycemic agents. Management of diabetes mellitus.
5. Skin Pharmacology: Overview of temperature regulation, drugs affecting skin, their pharmacological actions, mechanism of action, uses and side effects.
Recommended Books1. Pharmacological basis of therapeutics-Goodman & Gillman2. Basic & clinical Pharmacology- Bertram G. Katzung3. Medical Pharmacology- Meyer4. Medical Pharmacology-A. Goth5. Pharmacology & Phrmacotherapeutics-R.S. Satosker6. Lippincott’s Illustrated Reviews: Pharmacology- Richard D. Howland & Mary J. Mycek.
1. Construction material: Factors influencing the selection of materials, classification of materials for plant construction.
2. Water treatment plants in pharmaceutical industry: Distillation of water, Ion-exchange process, reverse osmosis, microbiological quality and analysis of pharmaceutical water, Biofilm, Passivation
3. HVAC system: Fundamentals of pharmaceutical HVAC system, importance of humidity control in pharmaceutical industry, Methods of humidity control.
4. Distillation: Rault’s law, phase diagram, volatility, simple steam & flash distillations, principle of rectification, McCabe thiele method for calculations of number of theoretical plates, Azeotrapic & extractive distillation Mathematical problems on distillation. 5. Drying: Moisture content & mechanism of drying, rate of drying & time of drying calculations, classification & types of dryers, dryers used in pharmaceutical industries and special drying methods, Mathematical problems on drying.
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6. Filtration & centrifugation: Theory of filtration, filter aids, filter media, industrial filters including filter press, rotary filter, edge filter etc., Factors affecting filtration, optimum cleaning cycle in batch filters, principle of centrifugation, industrial centrifugal filters and centrifugal sedimenters.
7. Milling, Size reduction & size separation: Definition, objective of size reduction, factors affecting size reduction, laws governing energy & powder requirements of a mill, types of mill including ball mill, hammer mill fluid energy mill etc.
8. Mixing: Theory of mixing, solid-solid, solid-liquid & liquid-liquid mixing equipments.
9. Refrigeration & air conditioning: Principles & applications .
Recommended Books1. The Theory and practice of Industrial Pharmacy - Lachman 2. American Pharmacy - Sprowl 3. Pharmaceutics - Aulton.4. Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences5. Dispensing of Medication - Husa & Martin6. Pharmaceutical Practice - Aulton7. The Extra Pharmacopoeia – Martindale BPH 3025: Advanced Pharmaceutical Analysis - I 3 Credits(Pre-requisite-Pharmaceutical Analysis-I and II)
1. Polarography: Introduction, Principle and Instrumentation of polarogram, Factors influencing current flow during electrolysis, Factors governing the diffusion current (Ilkovic Equation, Maxima and Suppressors, Oxygen wave and supporting electrolyte), Quantitative analysis and applications of polarographic technique in pharmacy.
2. Conductometry: Principle, apparatus and measurements, Ohm’s Law and Kohlrausch’s Law, Experimental details of conductometric titration, and Application.
3. X-ray crystallography: Introduction, Principle and Instrumentation of potentiometer, Potentiometric titration, Electrochemical cells and half cells, Reference and Indicator electrode, Measurement of potential and application of potentiometric titration.
4. Potentiometry: X-ray and diffraction of X-ray, Bragg's law, powder diffraction patterns, methods of measurement, analysis and application of X-ray diffraction.
5. Amperometry: Theory and technique of amperometric titration with dropping mercury electrode and applications, factor affecting current flow during analysis.
6. Bioassay of antibiotics with statistical evaluation: Prerequisites and development, errors in bioassay and how to overcome them. Statistical design of bioassay, method and determination of bioavailability.
Recommended Books1. A Textbook of Pharmaceutical Analysis - K.A. Connors
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2. Quantitative Pharmaceutical Analysis - Chatten3. Quantitative Inorganic Analysis vol. I & II-Vogel4. United State Pharmacopoeia5. British Pharmacopoeia6. Quality Control in Pharmaceutical Industry - M.S. Cooper
1. General Consideration: Definition, scope, maintenance of prerogatives and licensure, legal relationship and dealings.
2. Commercial Laws: Business law, Laws of contract 1872, regulations and laws governing the practices of pharmacy (The Pharmacy Ordinance1976).
3. Policies, sales, regulation and laws concerning to the manufacture, possession, distribution, sale of drugs and poisons: The Drug Policy 1982, Essential Drug List, The Drug Act 1940, The Drug (Control) Ordinance 1982, The Narcotics (Control) Act 1990, The Poisons Act 1919 and related amendments thereof.
4. Control of Drug Advertisements and Prices: patented and trade marked medicine, proprietary medicine, schedules of drugs and poisons, regulation of cosmetics, poisons control.5. Professional characteristics and ethical norms, relationship of trust, ethical considerations during pharmacy practice, deficiencies of self-regulation, adherence of self-regulation, The Pharmacist’s code of ethics.
Recommended Books: 1. The Pharmacy Ordinance, 1976, Ministry of law and parliamentary Affairs, Bangladesh Government, Dhaka2. The Drugs (Control) Ordinance, 1982, Ministry of law and land reforms, Bangladesh Government, Dhaka3. Drug Policy of Bangladesh Ministry of Health and population Control, Health Division, Dhaka4. B.M. Mithal, A Textbook of Forensic Pharmacy, National Book Center, Calcutta, India5. Pharmacists’ Code of Ethics, Pharmacy Council of Bangladesh, Dhaka
BPH 3027: Pharmaceutical Management and Inventory Control 2 Credits
1. Managerial role of pharmacist: pharmacists in different services of health and pharmaceutical industry- pharmaceutical production and quality control, marketing and sales, regulatory affairs, training, medical information services, research and development, hospital pharmacy, community pharmacy, NGOs, education consultancy.
2. Responsibilities of a pharmacist in Management, Planning, Organizing, Staffing, Leading and Controlling.
3. Production and Operation Management: Productivity problems and measurement, operation management systems, concepts of operation research. Techniques for improving productivity, Project evaluation and review technique (PERT), critical path management (CPM), total quality management (TQM), value engineering, work simplification, quality circles.
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4. Material management: a) Purchasing: Formulating effective buying policies, determination of needs and desires
of patrons, selecting the sources of supply, determination of the terms of purchase, receiving, marketing and stocking goods.
b) Inventory Control: material selection, specification, costs, purchasing procedure, inventory planning and control, economic order quantity, just-in-time inventory system.
5. Organization structures and personnel management: Social organization and legal organization, the sole proprietorship, the general partnership, private and public limited companies, their relative advantages and disadvantages, importance, principles, methods, motivation, staff requirements theory for personnel management.
Recommended Books: 1. Management: A Global Perspective- Weihrich, Heinz and Harold Koontz2. Marketing Management: Analysis, Planning, And Control- Kotler, Philip3. Organizational Behavior: Concepts, Controversies, Applications- Robbins, Stephens P
1. Design and operation of clean room: a) Sources of contamination, Air flow systems: Conventional, Unidirectional and Laminar air flow units, Air filtration mechanisms: Fibrous and HEPA filters.
b) Temperature and humidity control c) Building design, construction and use d) Protective clothing, Cleaning and disinfecting e) Commissioning test of clean and aseptic rooms, Routine monitoring tests and f) The operation of clean aseptic room, Key factors in clean room operations
2. Parenteral products: a) Definition and classification b) Formulation consideration: Vehicles, and additives, Containers
c) Manufacturing consideration: Environment, Manufacturing techniques, Raw materials and machines d) Quality control of parenteral products: Sterility tests, Pyrogen test, Clarity test, Leak test for ampoules e) Packaging of parenteral products
3. Ophthalmic products:a) Anatomy of eye b) Absorption of drugs in the eye c) Classification of ophthalmic products d) Safety considerations e) Formulation considerations: Vehicles, additives, manufacturing considerations: Environment, Manufacturing techniques f) Raw materials and machines g) Quality control of ophthalmic products and
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h) Packaging of ophthalmic products
4. Packaging technology: Purpose of packaging, properties of packaging materials, factors influencing choice of packaging, using glass containers, metal and metal containers, plastic and plastic containers, films, foils and laminates, rubber based materials, closures, tamper resistant packaging, testing and quality assurance of packaging materials, different packing machines accessories, organization of packaging, line, labeling.
BPH 4012: Pharmaceutical Technology III Sessional 1.5 Credits
1. Evaluation of parenteral products like clarity test, pyrogen test, microbial test, isotonicity determination.
3. Formulation & dissolution of sustained release dosage form and evaluation.4. Preparation & evaluation of suppositories.5. Physical evaluation of different types of packaging like blisters, PVC, Alu-alu, bottle,
amber glass, vials, ampoules etc.
Recommended Books1. Theory and practice of Industrial Pharmacy- Lachmann 2. American Pharmacy - Sprowl 3. Pharmaceutics- Aulton 4. Remington's Pharmaceutical Scinces 5. Dispensing for Pharmaceutical Students-Cooper & Gunn 6. Bentley's Textbook of Pharmaceutics7. Tutorial Pharmacy - Cooper & Gunn
BPH 4013: Advanced Pharmaceutical Analysis - II 3 Credits(Pre-requisite- Pharmaceutical I analysis-I &II & Advanced Pharmaceutical analysis-I)
1. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: HNMR spectroscopy: Introduction and theory, relaxation process, instrumentation, chemical shift, spin-spin coupling, different spin systems, coupling constants, spin-spin decoupling, long range coupling, and two dimensional NMR spectroscopy, nuclear over hauser effect. 2D correlated (COSY) and 2D Nuclear over hauser enhancement spectroscopy (NOESY), HMBC, HMQC, C, C13 NMR spectroscopy.
2. Mass spectroscopy: Introduction, theory, the mass spectrum, determination of molecular formula, Ionization technique, recognition of molecular ion, Fragmentation process, applications.
3. Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Theory, Instrumentation, Application in quantitative analysis. 4. Gas chromatography: Introduction and principles, theoretical considerations, column technology, detectors, analytical application of gas chromatography.
5. Radio-Chemical Methods of Analysis: Fine Particle Technology, X-Ray (XRD and XRF) Techniques, Total Organic Carbon Analysis (TOC).
a) Introduction to genetic engineering b) Tools of genetic engineering c) Techniques of genetic engineeringd) Application of genetic engineering
4. Chemical synthesis, sequencing and amplication of DNA: Automated DNA sequencing, Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and gene synthesis by PCR, Directed mutagenesis and protein engineering, large scale production of proteins from recombinant microorganisms.
5. Directed Mutagenesis and Protein engineering: Various methods for mutagenesis, DNA shuffling methods for protein engineering.
6. Large scale production of proteins from recombinant microorganisms
8. Monoclonal antibodies and hybridoma technology: Introduction to Monoclonal antibodies, Production of Monoclonal antibiotics, Applications of Monoclonal antibodies.
9. Enzyme technology & immobilization: Introduction to Enzyme, Production of Enzyme, Enzyme immobilization and applications.
10. Fermentation technology: Introduction to Fermentation technology, Improvement of industrial strains of microorganisms, Fermentative, medium and inoculums development, Biological products obtained from fermentation.
11. Tissue culture and cell culture biotechnology: Introduction, requirements, methodology and applications of Plant tissue culture, Animal tissue culture, Gene therapy and antisepses therapy.
12. Gene therapy and antisense therapy.
13. Biotechnology and pharmacy: Drugs obtained from biotechnology, Stability, bioavailability and designing drug delivery systems for biotechnological products, Biotechnology: a view towards future.
Recommended Books: 1. Cell and Molecular Biology- E.D.P. De Robertis2. Molecular Biology- P.C. Turner, A.G. MC Lennan3. Human Molecular Biology- Stefen Surzycki4. Pharmaceutical Biotechnology- S. P. Vyas & V.K. Dixit5. Pharmaceutical Biotechnology-K. Sambamurthy & A. Kar
BPH 4017: Hospital & Community Pharmacy 3 Credits
1. General Considerations: Organization, types of hospitals, functions and administrations.
2. Uniqueness of hospital Pharmacy: Functional organization and administration, Departmental services (Ambulatory patient care, institutional care, emergency and casualty cares), Educational and Training services, pharmaceutical research protocols, Quality control system, Development and maintenance of pharmacy premises.
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3. Purchasing, procurement, storage, distribution, legal control of drugs and poisons. Special Services: Rational drug utilization system, Hospital Formulary, Unit dose dispensing, Patient counseling, clinical pharmacy practices, Investigational and new drug research protocols, coordination services.
4. Drug and Poison Information and Control services: Antisera and antidote Banks, Adverse reaction monitoring and reporting, computerized information networks and packets, Establishment of such a center.
5. Dispensing of Prescriptions: Prescription format, abbreviations used in prescriptions, preparing a prescription, packing and labeling, checking prescription incompatibilities, legal considerations.
6. Surgical Dressings: General considerations, types, specifications, absorbable and non-absorbable sutures, Health accessories.
7. Community Pharmacy: Definition and scope of community pharmacy Organization inventory control and management of retail pharmacy Business, Communication, counseling for patient compliance. Role of pharmacist in community health care and education
Recommended Books1. Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics - Herfindal, Gourly & Hort2. Therapeutic basis of Clinical Pharmacy in the tropics - Aguwa3. Hospital Pharmacy - William Hasan4. Hospital and Clinical Pharmacy – Pratibha Nanda, Dr. R.K. Beckett5. Hospital and Clinical Pharmacy – Annes Ahmed Siddique.
BPH 4018: Pharmaceutical Marketing and Sales. 3 Credits
1. Basics of Marketing: Needs, wants and demands; product, value, cost, satisfaction; exchange, transaction and relationship, markets, marketing and marketers, production, product, selling and marketing concepts.
2. Identification of Marketing opportunity: Marketing Information System, prescription audit, prescription behavior analysis, doctors’ database, purchase invoice audit, prevalence of diseases, identifying competitors, identifying competitors’ strategy, objectives, strengths and weaknesses, reactions.
4. Market Segmentation: Necessity of market segmentation, prescription market-group of doctors, therapeutic market, OTC market, wholesale market, and government market, clinics, NGOs, foreign market.
5. Marketing Strategies: Product Life cycle of pharmaceutical products, marketing strategies in different stages, product mix strategies, promotional tools, market positioning, designing effective promotional programs.
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6. Nature and content of a marketing plan: Executive summary, current marketing situation, opportunity and issue analysis, objectives, marketing strategy, action program, projected profit-loss statement, control.
7. Modern Pharmaceutical organization: Evolution of pharmaceutical marketing, responsibilities of product management, documentation for ISO 9000, ISO 9001, marketing planning, marketing research, medical services, training, regulatory affairs, product development, international marketing- export, import, sales departments.
8. Code of pharmaceutical marketing. Future of Pharmaceutical marketing: Effect of GATT, TRIPS, WTO; change in drug policy, development of genetic engineering, changes in health habit and awareness, introduction of health insurance.
9. International Marketing: Basic concept, Exporting, Globalization, International market research: (SWOT analysis, Value Chain Analysis, Value Chain System, PEST analysis), Export Documents, Export packaging, Transport of Goods, International contracts, International Methods of Payment / Letters of Credit, International Finance.
Recommended Books: 1. Management: A Global Perspective- Weihrich, Heinz and Harold Koontz2. Marketing Management: Analysis, Planning, And Control- Kotler, Philip3. Organizational Behavior: Concepts, Controversies, Applications- Robbins, Stephens P
4 th Year 2 nd Semester
BPH 4021: Pharmaceutical Technology - IV 3 Credits (Pre- requisite: Pharmaceutical Technology - I, II & III)
1. Introduction: Compaction and compression of powder: Physics of tablet compression, mechanism of tablet formation, bonding in tablets, the effect of compressional force on tablet properties, effect of lubricants on tablet compression and binding, instrumented tablet machines and tooling, problems associated with large scale manufacturing of tablets.
2. Novel Drug Delivery System: Different types of drug effects seen after percutaneous drug delivery, percutaneous absorption, factors affecting percutaneous absorption, transdermal drug delivery systems, advantages, disadvantages, design features and objectives, technology of transdermal drug delivery system , general consideration in the use of transdermal drug delivery system, examples of transdermal systems in use.
2. Sustained release drug delivery systems: Principles, advantages, limitations and types of SR dosage forms, methods of obtaining SR, effects of drugs, formulation and manufacturing of SR tablets, drug release mechanisms from SR dosage forms, evaluation of SR dosage forms, dose calculation for SR dosage forms.
4. Aerosol science and technology: Definition and classification of aerosols, propellants for aerosols, components of aerosols, containers and valves for aerosols, metered dose delivery of aerosols, manufacturing of aerosols, testing and quality assurance of aerosols, drug delivery to the lungs, Mechanism and factors affecting deposition of drugs in the respiratory tract, Quality control.
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Recommended Books1. Theory and practice of Industrial Pharmacy - Lachmann 2. Pharmaceutics - Aulton 3. Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences 4. Dispensing for Pharmaceutical Students - Cooper & Gunn 5. Dispensing of Medication - Husa & Martin 6. Bentley's Textbook of Pharmaceutics 7. Tutorial Pharmacy - Cooper & Gunn
BPH 4022: Clinical Pharmacy 2 Credits
1. General consideration: Scope, importance and application of clinical pharmacy, clinical hematology, blood bank techniques etc., organ function tests, clinical pathology, and manifestation of diseases, drug or hospital acquired diseases, cautionary and advisory notes for drug therapy.
2. Guidance for special clinical practices: Neonates, children, elderly, terminal care, liver disease, renal impairment, pregnancy and lactating mothers.
3. Clinical pharmacy for OTC preparation: Antacids and anti-flatulence, antidiarrhoeals, laxatives, emetics and antiemetics, antihistamines and anti-allergen, analgesics, contraceptives, Ear-nose-throat preparations, dermatological preparations.
4. Clinical toxicology: Role of poison centers, adverse reactions and poisoning incidences, analysis of poisoning situations, poison information sources, assessment of poison exposure.
5. Clinical signs, symptoms and management of poisoning: Case with pesticides, fumigants, solvents, vapors, gases, food toxins, cyanides poison, cosmetics, toxins of animal origin, over-doses of drugs, drug interactions etc.
Recommended Books1. Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics- Herfindal, Gourly & Hort2. Therapeutic basis of Clinical Pharmacy in the tropics- Aguwa
BPH 4023: Pharmacology - IV 3 Credits(Pre -requisite - Pharmacology I, II and III)
1. Drugs acting on the Central Nervous System: a) Neurotransmission and CNS: Macrofunction of the brain region, integrative chemical communication in the CNS, neurotransmitter, neurohormone, neuromodulator, central neurotransmitter, other regulatory substances (purines and cytokines). b) Pharmacological action, mechanism of action, uses and side effects and structure activity relationship of the following categories of centrally acting drugs:
i) General and local anesthetics ii) Sedatives and hypnotics iii) Drug and the treatment of the psychotic disorders (psychosis, anxiety, depression, and mania)
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iv) Anti-epileptic drugs v) Drugs effective in the therapy of migraine vi) Treatment of CNS degenerative disorders vii) Opoid analgesics and antagonists and viii) Drug addiction and drug abuse
2. Hormone and hormone-related antagonists: Introduction, general consideration, physiological role of hormones, pharmacological action, mechanism of action, uses, side effects and structure activity relationship of the following categories of hormones and their antagonists:
a) Adenohypophyseal hormone and their hypothalamic releasing factors b) Thyroid hormones and antithyroid drugs c) Estrogen and progesterons d) Androgens e) Adrenocortical steroids and their synthetic analogs f) Insulin and oral hypoglycemic drugs and g) Agents using calcification and bone turn over
3. Drugs affecting uterine motility: Agents that cause contraction and relaxation of uterus.
4. Toxicology: Principles, Acute, sub acute & chronic toxicity, evaluation of toxicity, therapeutic index etc. Mechanism of toxic substances, antidotes & their mechanism of action.
BPH 4024: Pharmacology - II Sessional 1.5 Credits
1. Effect of digitalis, adrenaline, noradrenaline, isoprenaline on test animal 2. Effect of CNS stimulants, CNS depressants on test animal3. Effect of acetylcholine on test animal and muscle4. Determination of plasma protein by burette method 5. Determination of cholesterol in blood by colorimetric and enzymatic method
Recommended Books1. Pharmacological basis of therapeutics-Goodman & Gillman2. Medical Pharmacology-Katzung3. Medical Pharmacology- Meyer4. Medical Pharmacology-A. Goth5. Pharmacology & Phrmacotherapeutics-R.S. Satosker
BPH 4025: Cosmetology 2 Credits
1. The manufacture of cosmetics: Introduction, mixing and the manufacture of bulk cosmetic products, solid-solid mixing, manufacture of pigmented powder products, mixing processes involving fluids, general principles of fluid mixing, mixing equipments for fluids, solid-liquid mixing, suspension of solids in agitated tanks, liquid-liquid mixing-miscible liquid, immiscible liquid.
2. Creams: Introduction, classification of skin creams, cold creams, cleaning creams, night and massage creams, moisturizing cream, vanishing and foundation creams, pigmented foundation creams, hand creams and hand-and-body creams, all purpose creams.
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3. Shaving preparations: Introduction, Lather shaving cream, brush less or non-lathering cream, aerosol shaving foams, after-shave preparations.
4. Dental products: Introduction, formulation and manufacturing of toothpastes and tooth powders, mouth wash.
6. Deodorant and antiperspirants: Introduction, formulation, manufacture, labeling of antiperspirants, deodorants, talcum powder, perfume etc.
7. Lipstick and lip lacquers: Formulation & Manufacture and quality of control.
8. Nail polish: Introduction, raw materials, formulations, manufactures and evaluations of nail lacquers and nail lacquer removers.
9. Eye makeup: Introduction, formulation, manufacture and evaluations of eye shadow, mascara, eye brow pencils, eye liners etc.
BPH 4026: Cosmetology Sessional 1 Credit
Preparations of the following cosmetic products and their stability testing1. Mouthwash2. Shampoo3. Shaving cream4. Toothpowder5. Cold cream6. Vanishing cream7. Lotion
Recommended Books1. Cosmetics Science and Technology (Vol. 1&2) - M.S.Balsam & E.Sagarin2. Preparation and Distribution of Drugs and Cosmetics- S.N. Sahu S.N. Sahu
